EP3084131B1 - Blade, impeller and turbo machine; method of manufacturing the blade - Google Patents

Blade, impeller and turbo machine; method of manufacturing the blade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3084131B1
EP3084131B1 EP14827829.4A EP14827829A EP3084131B1 EP 3084131 B1 EP3084131 B1 EP 3084131B1 EP 14827829 A EP14827829 A EP 14827829A EP 3084131 B1 EP3084131 B1 EP 3084131B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
airfoil
platform
vein
theoretical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP14827829.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3084131A1 (en
Inventor
Sami BENICHOU
Christian Bariaud
Stéphanie DEFLANDRE
Sébastien Digard Brou de Cuissart
Patrick Emilien Paul Emile Huchin
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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Publication of EP3084131A1 publication Critical patent/EP3084131A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F01D5/225—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations by shrouding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/141—Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form
    • F01D5/142—Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form of the blades of successive rotor or stator blade-rows
    • F01D5/143—Contour of the outer or inner working fluid flow path wall, i.e. shroud or hub contour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3007—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/041—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector using blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/50—Building or constructing in particular ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/81—Modelling or simulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a blade provided for a turbomachine blade wheel comprising N blades arranged around a wheel axle; a first end of the blade having a first platform having a surface, called a vein, on the side of a blade of the blade.
  • N is here an integer equal to the number of vanes contained in the impeller.
  • Such a impeller may be movable and thus receive energy from the flow or impart energy to the flow flowing through the impeller; it can also be fixed; in this case, its role is to channel the flow.
  • a mobile impeller of this type is for example presented in the document FR2715968 A1 .
  • the term "vein" designates the surface of a platform of the blade directed towards the blade.
  • a blade for a turbomachine impeller especially when it has a heel and has both a heel vein on the platform of his heel and a foot vein on the platform of his foot, is a piece of complex shape. Its manufacture is therefore relatively difficult, and most often requires the use of molds or tools with multiple parts, and / or possibly the use of five-axis machining centers.
  • blades made essentially by casting (other methods being conceivable), and wherein the platform or platforms are formed integrally with the blade.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to overcome these disadvantages and to propose blades whose manufacture is simplified or facilitated compared to traditional blades.
  • the first platform is formed integrally with the blade; on a first part of the axial extent of the blade, a section in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel of the vein of the first platform is constituted essentially by a first segment of line on a first side of the blade and a second line segment on the second side of the blade; and the first segment and the second segment each form on either side of the blade an angle of 90 ° - 180 ° / N with respect to the radial direction, so that the first and second segments form an acute angle in relation to the radial direction of dawn.
  • the first part of the axial extent of the blade may in particular extend upstream of the blade, or downstream of the blade (while possibly possibly extending also axially to the right of the blade).
  • the first part of the axial extent of the blade can in particular extend upstream beyond the connection fillet of the leading edge of the blade, and / or downstream beyond the connection fillet downstream edge dawn flight.
  • the section of the first blade consists essentially of a segment (can be assume that it is the first segment), which is aligned with the segment constituting essentially the section of the second blade.
  • a section along a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel of the first platform veins of the two blades has two line segments aligned, namely the first segment for the first blade and the second segment for the second blade.
  • the first segment and the second segment have adjacent ends.
  • the first and second segments define two vectors, whose projections on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the impeller are symmetrical with respect to a meridian plane of the paddle wheel passing through the blade.
  • the first platform of the veins have a perfect continuity at the interface between adjacent blades.
  • the blade geometry indicated above also implies that the first and the second segment form an acute angle with respect to the radial direction for the blade.
  • a section along a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel of the vein of the first platform consists essentially of a first line segment on a first side of the blade and a second line segment on the second side of the blade; and the first segment as the second segment each form on each side of the blade an angle of 90 ° - 180 ° / N.
  • the second end of the blade comprises a second platform; on a second part of the axial extent of the blade, a section in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel of a vein of the second platform is constituted essentially by a third segment of line on a first side of the blade and a fourth line segment on the second side of the blade; and the third segment as the fourth segment each form on each side of the blade an angle of 90 ° - 180 ° / N with respect to the radial direction.
  • the first part and the second part of the axial extent of the blade are identical.
  • the manufacture of the blade is then particularly simplified.
  • the heel and foot veins are parallel to each other: that is to say that the section of the heel and foot veins in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel, both on the intrados and on the extrados side of the blade, consists essentially of a segment for the heel vein and another segment for the vein of foot, and these two segments are parallel to each other.
  • the first platform has an edge that extends substantially in the extension of a leading edge of the blade, and / or an edge that extends substantially in the extension of an edge of the blade. dawn leaking.
  • the invention also relates to a paddle wheel, comprising N blades as defined above, and a turbomachine, in in particular a double-body turbomachine comprising a low-pressure turbine, comprising such a impeller.
  • a second objective of the invention is to propose a method for modeling a platform vein for a blade, making it possible to define a blade that is particularly easy to manufacture, especially in comparison with the previous blades.
  • the 'radial direction' here designates the radial direction at the level of the blade of the blade.
  • This method makes it possible to obtain the numerical model of a blade as defined above.
  • the first construction curve then makes it possible to construct the vein support surface or the vein.
  • the first construction curve may for example be constructed in the following manner: the method may comprise a step during which a theoretical vein surface is determined; then, the first construction curve is determined so that it extends from upstream to downstream of the theoretical blade surface, passing through it from one side to the other, and radially substantially at the same distance of the axis that an intersection between the theoretical blade surface and the theoretical vein surface.
  • the first construction curve can be determined such that, outside the theoretical blade area, the first construction curve is contained in the theoretical vein surface.
  • the first construction curve such that its intersection with the theoretical surface for the blade is formed exactly by two points.
  • the first construction curve such that for at least one direction, which will be the manufacturing direction mentioned above, in the vicinity of the theoretical surface of the vein, an angle between the normal to the surface theoretical of the blade and said direction is acute or right, as much on the intrados side as extrados.
  • the first construction curve can in particular cross the theoretical surface of the blade at points whose normal is perpendicular to the intended manufacturing direction.
  • the methods of calculation of the first construction curve indicated above make it possible to obtain a first construction curve which constitutes a good support for calculating the vein of the first platform.
  • the first construction curve is then used to calculate the vein.
  • the vein support surface is a surface used to construct the actual vein: on each side of the blade, the vein is created from the vein support surface in particular by limiting operations, in particular by limiting the support surface of the vein.
  • vein at a limiting curve which is the curve defining substantially (to the inter-blade clearance close) the boundary between two adjacent blades.
  • the first construction curve presented above can thus be used to create the vein support surface in different ways.
  • the segment on the right moves while remaining at all times in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel.
  • the vein is then created to include a portion of this vein support surface.
  • the vein is obtained from the vein support surface, in particular by limiting it at the level of the limiting curve defining the boundary between adjacent blades.
  • the vein support surface as defined above extends only on one side of the theoretical blade surface, that is to say towards the lower surface or the upper surface.
  • creating a vein support surface on the second side of the theoretical blade surface one can for example perform the following operation: creating a second vein support surface by applying to the first vein support surface a second rotation relative to the axis at an angle of -360 ° / N (the first rotation which was used to construct the second curve construction, and the second rotation, are performed in opposite directions).
  • the vein is then defined so that the latter comprises, axially at the level of at least a portion of the first construction curve, two portions respectively of the first and second vein support surfaces located on both sides. other of the theoretical blade surface.
  • the vein is finalized by limiting its area by means of limiting curves, on each side of the blade.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a blade for a turbomachine blade wheel, a first end of the blade comprising a first platform having a surface, called a vein, on the side of a blade of the blade; in which a vein modeling method as defined above is used to define the vein, and wherein the first platform is integrally formed with the blade.
  • the blade is preferably formed mainly by casting.
  • the invention also relates to the implementation, using the CATIA (registered trademark) CAD tool, of the vein modeling method as defined above.
  • CATIA registered trademark
  • the figure 1 represents three identical blades which represent an embodiment of the invention.
  • Each of these vanes 10 is designed to be assembled with N-1 identical vanes, so as to form a vane wheel 100 comprising N vanes 10 ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the impeller 100 is itself part of a turbomachine 110.
  • the vanes 10 are mounted on a rotor disk 12 axisymmetrically about the X axis of the wheel.
  • a flow of fluid flows along the X axis from an upstream side to a downstream side of the wheel.
  • Each blade 10 comprises successively, in a radial direction out of the wheel, a foot 14, a blade 16, and a heel 18.
  • the foot 14 and the heel 18 therefore constitute the two ends of the dawn. They comprise respectively a platform 13 and a platform 22. These platforms 13,22 extend in a direction generally perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 16 (which is the radial direction R for the blade 10).
  • the foot platform 13 has a vein 15, and the heel platform 22 a vein 24.
  • the vein 15 has an approximately rectangular outer contour, delimited by an upstream edge 17u, a downstream edge 17d, a lower surface edge 17ps, an extrados edge 17ss.
  • the vein 15 is composed of two complementary parts: a part 15ps located on the side of the intrados, and a part 15ss located on the extrados side of the blade.
  • the vein 15 is connected to the surface of the blade 16 by connecting surfaces 20 (which are essentially connecting fillet radius evolution).
  • the various creation operations indicated below are therefore operations for creating three-dimensional entities, which are defined in a virtual three-dimensional space or environment.
  • This surface represents the desired outer surface for the blade 16.
  • This surface is a function in particular of the aerodynamic stresses applicable to the blade; it consists of an upper surface 30ss and a lower surface 30ps, and has a leading edge 36 and a trailing edge 38 ( Fig.3 ).
  • a theoretical foot vein surface 40 and a theoretical heel vein surface 60 are then created or determined. Each of these surfaces has substantially the desired shape for the housing, respectively inner or outer, defining the passage of gas flow through the impeller.
  • the surfaces 40, 60 extend axially upstream and downstream to boundary curves (40U, 40D, 60U, 60D) which axially delimit the extent or the grip of the dawn that is wants to define.
  • the surfaces 40 and 60 are surfaces of revolution defined around the axis A. That being so, theoretical surfaces for the vein that are not surfaces of revolution can also be used within the scope of the invention. invention, for example surfaces leading to the definition of platforms called '3D platforms' and locally involving bumps and / or depressions.
  • a surface of revolution about an axis here designates a surface generated by the rotation of a curve around this axis.
  • the first construction curves 45,65 are created respectively for the platform 13 of the foot 14 and for the platform 22 of the heel 18 of dawn 10.
  • intersection curve 44 is determined between the theoretical blade surface 30 and the theoretical foot vein surface 40.
  • intersection curve 64 between the theoretical blade surface 30 and the theoretical heel vein surface 60 is also determined.
  • Manufacturing directions are then defined. These are defined by a pair of (normalized) vectors Dps, Dss. These vectors define respectively for both sides of the blade directions that allow to define the manufacturing process used for the blade. They define, for example, demolding directions, etc.
  • each of the vectors Dps and Dss makes an angle ⁇ equal to 90 ° -180 ° / N relative to the radial direction R, where N is the number of blades in the wheel paddle ( Fig.5 ), and the angle at the apex (on the X axis) between two adjacent vanes is thus equal to 360 ° / N.
  • the vectors Dps and Dss are therefore symmetrical to one another with respect to a plane extending in a radial direction (R) traversing the theoretical blade surface 30 and containing the axis X of the impeller.
  • a pair of limit points (U, D) is the pair of points, generally located respectively at the neighborhoods of the leading edge 36 and the trailing edge 38 of the blade, which form part of the intersection curve considered (curve 44), and which divide it into two complementary portions (44ps and 44ss) respectively associated with the vectors Dps and Dss, and such that at any point of each of these portions (44ps and 44ss), the angle between the normal at the theoretical blade surface at the point considered forms an acute or right angle with the associated vector Dps or Dss.
  • the theoretical blade surface has a non-negative clearance relative to the vector Dps, Dss associated with the curve portion.
  • a manufacturing direction is chosen (vector pair D PS and D SS ) which thus defines a pair of limit points U, D.
  • a second construction curve 45ps is created, applying to the first construction curve 45 a rotation of an angle of 360 ° / N with respect to the axis X.
  • the first and second 65.65ps construction curves for the heel platform 22 are then similarly created.
  • the section of the vein support surface 46 in a plane perpendicular to the X axis is represented on the figure 5 .
  • the surfaces 20 of the connection fillet are first calculated between the theoretical blade surface 30 and the vein support surface 46, on the underside side.
  • the vein support surface 46 is then limited at the end of the connection fillet surfaces.
  • vein support surface extends to the first construction curve 45.
  • the desired limiting curve 52 delimiting the adjacent blade platforms is created or first created.
  • the vein support surface 46 is then divided into two portions 46ps and 46ss separated by the limitation curve 52.
  • the portion 46ss of the vein support surface 46 is then rotated by an angle of -360 ° / N with respect to the X axis; the portion 46ss to which this rotation has been applied is therefore relative to the theoretical blade surface on the extrados side.
  • the vein support surface 46ss is then limited at the end of the connection fillet surfaces.
  • This portion 46ss (located on the extrados side of the theoretical blade surface 30) and the portion 46ps constitute the vein 15 of the platform 13 of the foot 14 of the blade 10.
  • vein 15 In another embodiment, only a portion of the 46ss and 46ps surfaces mentioned above is used to create the vein 15. In addition to this portion of the 46ss and 46ps surfaces, the vein 15 then comprises surfaces other than the surfaces 46ss, 46ps, for example surface portions that are not surfaces of revolution.)
  • the portions 46ss and 46ps of the vein support surface are adjacent and form a projecting edge at the first construction curve 45, that is to say at the level of the curves 45a. and 45d.
  • the sections 48ss and 48ps of the portion support surface portion portions 46ss and 46ps form with respect to the radial direction R an angle ⁇ equal to 90-180 ° /NOT ( Fig.5 ).
  • a section along a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel of the vein 15 has a first segment of line 48 PS on a first side of the blade and a second line segment 48 SS on the second side of the blade; these first and second segments 48 SS , 48 PS each form on either side of the blade an angle of 90 ° - 180 ° / N relative to the radial direction R.
  • the heel vein 24 is created in the same way as the foot vein 15.
  • the sections of the vein support surfaces of the heel and foot platforms present, in a plane perpendicular to the X axis, parallel straight segments 48, 68.
  • the theoretical blade surface 30 is limited at the level of the connection fillet 20, the side of the foot. It is similarly limited to the level of fillet 72 created on the side of the heel.
  • the blade 10 can then be manufactured with the geometry defined by the numerical model thus defined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne une aube prévue pour une roue à aubes de turbomachine comprenant N aubes agencées autour d'un axe de roue ; une première extrémité de l'aube comportant une première plateforme présentant une surface, dite veine, du côté d'une pale de l'aube. N est ici un nombre entier égal au nombre d'aubes contenu dans la roue à aubes.The present invention relates to a blade provided for a turbomachine blade wheel comprising N blades arranged around a wheel axle; a first end of the blade having a first platform having a surface, called a vein, on the side of a blade of the blade. N is here an integer equal to the number of vanes contained in the impeller.

Une telle roue à aubes peut être mobile et ainsi recevoir une énergie venant du flux ou communiquer une énergie au flux circulant à travers la roue à aube ; elle peut également être fixe ; dans ce cas, son rôle est de canaliser le flux.Such a impeller may be movable and thus receive energy from the flow or impart energy to the flow flowing through the impeller; it can also be fixed; in this case, its role is to channel the flow.

Une roue à aubes mobile de ce type est par exemple présentée dans le document FR2715968 A1 .A mobile impeller of this type is for example presented in the document FR2715968 A1 .

Dans ce qui suit, le terme « veine » désigne la surface d'une plateforme de l'aube dirigée du côté de la pale.In what follows, the term "vein" designates the surface of a platform of the blade directed towards the blade.

Une aube pour roue à aubes de turbomachine, notamment lorsqu'elle comporte un talon et présente à la fois une veine de talon sur la plateforme de son talon et une veine de pied sur la plateforme de son pied, est une pièce de forme complexe. Sa fabrication est donc relativement difficile, et nécessite le plus souvent l'utilisation de moules ou d'outillages comportant des pièces multiples, et/ou éventuellement le recours à des centres d'usinage cinq axes.A blade for a turbomachine impeller, especially when it has a heel and has both a heel vein on the platform of his heel and a foot vein on the platform of his foot, is a piece of complex shape. Its manufacture is therefore relatively difficult, and most often requires the use of molds or tools with multiple parts, and / or possibly the use of five-axis machining centers.

On comprend qu'il s'agit ici d'aubes fabriquées essentiellement par fonderie (d'autres procédés étant envisageables), et dans lesquelles la ou les plateformes sont donc formées intégralement avec la pale.It is understood that these are blades made essentially by casting (other methods being conceivable), and wherein the platform or platforms are formed integrally with the blade.

L'objectif de l'invention est donc de remédier à ces inconvénients et de proposer des aubes dont la fabrication soit simplifiée ou facilitée par rapport aux aubes traditionnelles.The object of the invention is therefore to overcome these disadvantages and to propose blades whose manufacture is simplified or facilitated compared to traditional blades.

Cet objectif est atteint grâce à une aube telle que celle définie par la revendication 1. Dans cette aube, la première plateforme est formée intégralement avec la pale ; sur une première partie de l'étendue axiale de l'aube, une section suivant un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de la roue de la veine de la première plateforme est constituée essentiellement par un premier segment de droite sur un premier côté de la pale et un second segment de droite sur le deuxième côté de la pale ; et le premier segment comme le deuxième segment forment chacun de part et d'autre de la pale un angle de 90° - 180°/N par rapport à la direction radiale, de telle sorte que le premier et le deuxième segment forment un angle aigu par rapport à la direction radiale de l'aube.This objective is achieved thanks to a blade such as that defined by claim 1. In this blade, the first platform is formed integrally with the blade; on a first part of the axial extent of the blade, a section in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel of the vein of the first platform is constituted essentially by a first segment of line on a first side of the blade and a second line segment on the second side of the blade; and the first segment and the second segment each form on either side of the blade an angle of 90 ° - 180 ° / N with respect to the radial direction, so that the first and second segments form an acute angle in relation to the radial direction of dawn.

La première partie de l'étendue axiale de l'aube peut notamment s'étendre en amont de la pale, ou en aval de la pale (tout en pouvant éventuellement s'étendre également axialement au droit de l'aube). La première partie de l'étendue axiale de l'aube peut notamment s'étendre en amont au-delà du congé de raccordement du bord d'attaque de l'aube, et/ou en aval au delà du congé de raccordement aval du bord de fuite de l'aube.The first part of the axial extent of the blade may in particular extend upstream of the blade, or downstream of the blade (while possibly possibly extending also axially to the right of the blade). The first part of the axial extent of the blade can in particular extend upstream beyond the connection fillet of the leading edge of the blade, and / or downstream beyond the connection fillet downstream edge dawn flight.

Par suite, lorsque deux aubes telles que définies précédemment sont placées l'une à côté de l'autre (une première aube et une deuxième aube), dans la même position que lorsqu'elles sont assemblées dans une roue à aubes, dans l'espace 'interpales' situé entre les pales des deux aubes, dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de la roue et situé axialement dans la première partie de l'aube, la section de la première aube est constituée essentiellement par un segment (on peut supposer qu'il s'agit du premier segment), qui est aligné avec le segment constituant essentiellement la section de la deuxième aube. Ainsi une section suivant un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de la roue des veines de première plateforme des deux aubes présente deux segments de droite alignés, à savoir le premier segment pour la première aube et le deuxième segment pour la deuxième aube. De préférence, le premier segment et le deuxième segment ont des extrémités adjacentes.As a result, when two blades as defined above are placed next to each other (a first blade and a second blade), in the same position as when they are assembled in a paddle wheel, in the 'interpales' space located between the blades of the two blades, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel and located axially in the first part of the blade, the section of the first blade consists essentially of a segment (can be assume that it is the first segment), which is aligned with the segment constituting essentially the section of the second blade. Thus a section along a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel of the first platform veins of the two blades has two line segments aligned, namely the first segment for the first blade and the second segment for the second blade. Preferably, the first segment and the second segment have adjacent ends.

Les premier et deuxième segment définissent deux vecteurs, dont les projections sur un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de la roue à aubes sont symétriques par rapport à un plan méridien de la roue à aubes passant par l'aube.The first and second segments define two vectors, whose projections on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the impeller are symmetrical with respect to a meridian plane of the paddle wheel passing through the blade.

Ces deux vecteurs définissent des 'directions de fabrication' respectivement pour les deux côtés de l'aube. Du fait de la forme droite de la section de la veine de plateforme suivant ces directions de part et d'autre de la pale dans la première partie de l'étendue axiale de l'aube, la veine est relativement simple à fabriquer au moyen de différents procédés de fabrication (moulage, électro-érosion, usinage...).These two vectors define 'manufacturing directions' respectively for both sides of the blade. Due to the straight shape of the section of the platform vein following these directions on either side of the blade in the first part of the axial extent of the blade, the vein is relatively simple to manufacture by means of different manufacturing processes (molding, electro-erosion, machining ...).

De plus avantageusement, dans la première partie de l'étendue axiale de l'aube, les veines de première plateforme présentent une parfaite continuité à l'interface entre aubes adjacentes.More advantageously, in the first part of the axial extent of the blade, the first platform of the veins have a perfect continuity at the interface between adjacent blades.

La géométrie d'aube indiquée précédemment implique par ailleurs que le premier et le deuxième segment forment un angle aigu par rapport à la direction radiale pour l'aube.The blade geometry indicated above also implies that the first and the second segment form an acute angle with respect to the radial direction for the blade.

Dans un mode de réalisation, sur toute l'étendue axiale de l'aube, une section suivant un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de la roue de la veine de la première plateforme est constituée essentiellement par un premier segment de droite sur un premier côté de la pale et un deuxième segment de droite sur le deuxième côté de la pale ; et le premier segment comme le deuxième segment forment chacun de part et d'autre de la pale un angle de 90° - 180°/N.In one embodiment, over the entire axial extent of the blade, a section along a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel of the vein of the first platform consists essentially of a first line segment on a first side of the blade and a second line segment on the second side of the blade; and the first segment as the second segment each form on each side of the blade an angle of 90 ° - 180 ° / N.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la deuxième extrémité de l'aube comporte une deuxième plateforme ; sur une deuxième partie de l'étendue axiale de l'aube, une section suivant un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de la roue d'une veine de la deuxième plateforme est constituée essentiellement par un troisième segment de droite sur un premier côté de la pale et un quatrième segment de droite sur le deuxième côté de la pale ; et le troisième segment comme le quatrième segment forment chacun de part et d'autre de la pale un angle de 90° - 180°/N par rapport à la direction radiale.In one embodiment, the second end of the blade comprises a second platform; on a second part of the axial extent of the blade, a section in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel of a vein of the second platform is constituted essentially by a third segment of line on a first side of the blade and a fourth line segment on the second side of the blade; and the third segment as the fourth segment each form on each side of the blade an angle of 90 ° - 180 ° / N with respect to the radial direction.

De préférence, la première partie et la deuxième partie de l'étendue axiale de l'aube sont identiques.Preferably, the first part and the second part of the axial extent of the blade are identical.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, la fabrication de l'aube est alors particulièrement simplifiée. En effet, du fait de la géométrie des veines des plateformes d'aube indiquée précédemment, aux extrémités de l'aube les veines de talon et de pied sont parallèles l'une à l'autre : c'est-à-dire que la section des veines de talon et de pied dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de la roue, aussi bien du côté intrados que du côté extrados de l'aube, est constituée essentiellement par un segment pour la veine de talon et un autre segment pour la veine de pied, et ces deux segments sont parallèles l'un à l'autre.In this embodiment, the manufacture of the blade is then particularly simplified. Indeed, because of the geometry of the veins of the blade platforms indicated above, at the ends of the blade the heel and foot veins are parallel to each other: that is to say that the section of the heel and foot veins in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel, both on the intrados and on the extrados side of the blade, consists essentially of a segment for the heel vein and another segment for the vein of foot, and these two segments are parallel to each other.

Ainsi de chaque côté de l'aube, les directions de fabrication du côté du talon et du côté du pied sont parallèles. Le procédé de fabrication, et donc généralement l'outillage de fabrication, peuvent donc être relativement simples.Thus on each side of the dawn, the manufacturing directions of the side of the heel and the side of the foot are parallel. The manufacturing process, and therefore generally the manufacturing tooling, can therefore be relatively simple.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la première plateforme présente une arête qui s'étend sensiblement dans le prolongement d'un bord d'attaque de l'aube, et/ou une arête qui s'étend sensiblement dans le prolongement d'un bord de fuite de l'aube.In one embodiment, the first platform has an edge that extends substantially in the extension of a leading edge of the blade, and / or an edge that extends substantially in the extension of an edge of the blade. dawn leaking.

Il s'est avéré que la présente d'une arête à cet ou ces emplacements ne perturbe pas excessivement l'écoulement du fluide autour de l'aube, mais permet d'utiliser des outillages de forme simple pour la fabrication de l'aube.It has been found that the presence of an edge at this or these locations does not excessively disturb the flow of the fluid around the blade, but allows the use of tools of simple shape for the manufacture of the blade.

L'invention concerne également une roue à aubes, comprenant N aubes telles que définies précédemment, ainsi qu'une turbomachine, en particulier une turbomachine double corps comprenant une turbine basse pression, comportant une telle roue à aubes.The invention also relates to a paddle wheel, comprising N blades as defined above, and a turbomachine, in in particular a double-body turbomachine comprising a low-pressure turbine, comprising such a impeller.

Un deuxième objectif de l'invention est de proposer un procédé de modélisation d'une veine de plateforme pour une aube, permettant de définir une aube particulièrement facile à fabriquer, notamment en comparaison par rapport aux aubes antérieures.A second objective of the invention is to propose a method for modeling a platform vein for a blade, making it possible to define a blade that is particularly easy to manufacture, especially in comparison with the previous blades.

Cet objectif est atteint lorsque la modélisation de la veine d'aube est faite en suivant l'étape ci-dessous :

  • à l'aide d'un ordinateur, on crée un modèle numérique de la veine de telle sorte que : sur une première partie de l'étendue axiale de l'aube, et éventuellement sur toute l'étendue axiale de l'aube, une section de la veine suivant un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de la roue forme essentiellement un premier segment de droite sur un premier côté de la pale et un second segment de droite sur le deuxième côté de la pale, et le premier segment comme le deuxième segment forment chacun de part et d'autre de la pale un angle de 90° - 180°/N par rapport à la direction radiale, de telle sorte que le premier et le deuxième segment forment un angle aigu par rapport à la direction radiale pour l'aube ; et que la plateforme de l'aube apparaît comme formée intégralement avec la pale.
This goal is achieved when modeling the dawn vein is done by following the step below:
  • with the help of a computer, a numerical model of the vein is created so that: on a first part of the axial extent of the blade, and possibly over the entire axial extent of the blade, a section of the vein along a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel forms essentially a first line segment on a first side of the blade and a second line segment on the second side of the blade, and the first segment as the second each segment on each side of the blade has an angle of 90 ° - 180 ° / N with respect to the radial direction, so that the first and second segments form an acute angle with respect to the radial direction for dawn ; and that the platform of the dawn appears as integrally formed with the blade.

La 'direction radiale' désigne ici la direction radiale au niveau de la pale de l'aube.The 'radial direction' here designates the radial direction at the level of the blade of the blade.

Ce procédé permet d'obtenir le modèle numérique d'une aube telle que définie précédemment.This method makes it possible to obtain the numerical model of a blade as defined above.

Pour permettre la création du modèle numérique de la veine de la première plateforme de l'aube, le procédé peut comprendre les étapes suivantes :

  • on détermine une surface théorique pour la pale, référencée par rapport à un axe de la roue à aubes ;
  • on définit une première courbe de construction pour l'aube.
To allow the creation of the numerical model of the vein of the first platform of the dawn, the method can comprise the following steps:
  • determining a theoretical surface for the blade, referenced with respect to an axis of the impeller;
  • we define a first construction curve for the dawn.

La première courbe de construction permet alors de construite la surface support de veine ou la veine.The first construction curve then makes it possible to construct the vein support surface or the vein.

La première courbe de construction peut par exemple être construite de la manière suivante : le procédé peut comprendre une étape durant laquelle on détermine une surface théorique de veine ; puis, on détermine la première courbe de construction de telle sorte que celle-ci s'étende de l'amont à l'aval de la surface théorique de pale en traversant celle-ci de part en part, et soit radialement sensiblement à même distance de l'axe qu'une intersection entre la surface théorique de pale et la surface théorique de veine.The first construction curve may for example be constructed in the following manner: the method may comprise a step during which a theoretical vein surface is determined; then, the first construction curve is determined so that it extends from upstream to downstream of the theoretical blade surface, passing through it from one side to the other, and radially substantially at the same distance of the axis that an intersection between the theoretical blade surface and the theoretical vein surface.

En outre, de préférence, on peut déterminer la première courbe de construction de telle sorte qu'à l'extérieur de la surface théorique de pale, la première courbe de construction soit contenue dans la surface théorique de veine.Furthermore, preferably, the first construction curve can be determined such that, outside the theoretical blade area, the first construction curve is contained in the theoretical vein surface.

Ces dispositions permettent de manière simple de définir la première courbe de construction de telle sorte que la veine créée soit proche de la surface théorique pour la veine. Cette surface est la surface de veine qui est calculée pour avoir, en principe, une performance aérodynamique idéale. Par suite, la veine calculée présente des performances aérodynamiques de bon niveau.These provisions allow a simple way to define the first construction curve so that the created vein is close to the theoretical surface for the vein. This surface is the vein surface which is calculated to have, in principle, an ideal aerodynamic performance. As a result, the calculated vein has good aerodynamic performance.

De plus, on peut de préférence définir la première courbe de construction de telle sorte que son intersection avec la surface théorique pour la pale soit constituée exactement par deux points.In addition, it is preferable to define the first construction curve such that its intersection with the theoretical surface for the blade is formed exactly by two points.

De plus, on peut de préférence définir la première courbe de construction de telle sorte que pour au moins une direction, qui sera la direction de fabrication citée précédemment, au voisinage de la surface théorique de la veine, un angle entre la normale à la surface théorique de la pale et ladite direction est aigu ou droit, tant du côté intrados qu'extrados.In addition, it is preferable to define the first construction curve such that for at least one direction, which will be the manufacturing direction mentioned above, in the vicinity of the theoretical surface of the vein, an angle between the normal to the surface theoretical of the blade and said direction is acute or right, as much on the intrados side as extrados.

Pour respecter ce critère, la première courbe de construction peut notamment traverser la surface théorique de la pale en des points dont la normale est perpendiculaire à la direction de fabrication envisagée.To meet this criterion, the first construction curve can in particular cross the theoretical surface of the blade at points whose normal is perpendicular to the intended manufacturing direction.

Les modes de calcul de la première courbe de construction indiqués précédemment permettent d'obtenir une première courbe de construction qui constitue un bon support pour calculer la veine de la première plateforme.The methods of calculation of the first construction curve indicated above make it possible to obtain a first construction curve which constitutes a good support for calculating the vein of the first platform.

La première courbe de construction est alors exploitée pour calculer la veine.The first construction curve is then used to calculate the vein.

Différentes méthodes peuvent permettre de créer la veine.Different methods can create the vein.

On peut par exemple créer d'abord une surface 'support de veine' définie de telle sorte que sur toute l'étendue axiale de la première courbe de construction, une section de la surface support de veine suivant un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe soit constituée par un segment de droite.For example, a vein support surface defined in such a way that, over the entire axial extent of the first construction curve, a section of the vein support surface in a plane perpendicular to the axis is constituted by a line segment.

La surface support de veine est une surface servant à construite la veine proprement dite : sur chaque côté de la pale, la veine est créée à partir de la surface support de veine notamment par des opérations de limitation, en particulier en limitant la surface support de veine au niveau d'une courbe de limitation qui est la courbe définissant sensiblement (au jeu inter-aubes près) la limite entre deux aubes adjacentes.The vein support surface is a surface used to construct the actual vein: on each side of the blade, the vein is created from the vein support surface in particular by limiting operations, in particular by limiting the support surface of the vein. vein at a limiting curve which is the curve defining substantially (to the inter-blade clearance close) the boundary between two adjacent blades.

La première courbe de construction présentée précédemment peut ainsi servir à créer la surface support de veine de différentes manières.The first construction curve presented above can thus be used to create the vein support surface in different ways.

Dans un mode de mise en oeuvre, la surface support de veine est créée en effectuant les opérations suivantes :

  • on définit une deuxième courbe de construction pour l'aube, en appliquant à la première courbe de construction une rotation d'angle 360°/N autour de l'axe de la roue ; et,
  • on définit une surface support de veine (première surface support de veine) par balayage d'un segment de droite se déplaçant en s'appuyant sur les première et deuxième courbe de construction.
In one embodiment, the vein support surface is created by performing the following operations:
  • defining a second construction curve for the blade, by applying to the first construction curve a rotation of 360 ° / N angle around the axis of the wheel; and,
  • defining a vein support surface (first vein support surface) by scanning a line segment moving on the basis of the first and second construction curves.

Le terme 's'appuyant sur' signifie ici que le segment de droite est à chaque instant en contact avec les deux courbes de construction.The term 'based on' here means that the line segment is in each moment in contact with the two building curves.

Le segment de droite se déplace en restant à tout instant dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de la roue.The segment on the right moves while remaining at all times in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel.

La veine est alors créée de manière à inclure une portion de cette surface support de veine. La veine est obtenue à partir de la surface support de veine notamment en limitant celle-ci au niveau de la courbe de limitation définissant la limite entre aubes adjacentes.The vein is then created to include a portion of this vein support surface. The vein is obtained from the vein support surface, in particular by limiting it at the level of the limiting curve defining the boundary between adjacent blades.

Du fait de sa construction par balayage d'un segment de droite se déplaçant en appui sur les première et deuxième courbe de construction, sur toute l'étendue axiale (par rapport à l'axe de la roue à aubes) des courbes de construction la section de la surface support de veine suivant un plan perpendiculaire à cet axe est constituée par un segment de droite.Due to its sweeping construction of a line segment moving in bearing on the first and second construction curves, over the entire axial extent (with respect to the axis of the impeller) of the construction curves section of the vein support surface along a plane perpendicular to this axis is constituted by a line segment.

Par construction, la surface support de veine telle que définie précédemment s'étend uniquement sur un côté de la surface théorique de pale, c'est-à-dire vers l'intrados ou vers l'extrados. Pour créer une surface support de veine sur le deuxième côté de la surface théorique de pale, on peut par exemple réaliser l'opération suivante :
on crée une deuxième surface support de veine en appliquant à la première surface support de veine une deuxième rotation par rapport à l'axe, d'un angle de -360°/N (la première rotation, qui a servi à construire la deuxième courbe de construction, et la deuxième rotation, sont effectuées dans des sens opposés).By construction, the vein support surface as defined above extends only on one side of the theoretical blade surface, that is to say towards the lower surface or the upper surface. To create a vein support surface on the second side of the theoretical blade surface, one can for example perform the following operation:
creating a second vein support surface by applying to the first vein support surface a second rotation relative to the axis at an angle of -360 ° / N (the first rotation which was used to construct the second curve construction, and the second rotation, are performed in opposite directions).

On définit alors la veine de telle sorte que celle-ci comporte, axialement au niveau d'au moins une partie de la première courbe de construction, deux portions respectivement de la première et de la deuxième surface support de veine situées de part et d'autre de la surface théorique de pale.The vein is then defined so that the latter comprises, axially at the level of at least a portion of the first construction curve, two portions respectively of the first and second vein support surfaces located on both sides. other of the theoretical blade surface.

La création de la veine nécessite notamment d'éliminer de la première et la deuxième surface support de veine les portions de surfaces qui ne doivent pas faire partie de la veine. Il s'agit notamment de la ou les portions des surfaces support de veine qui sont :

  • situées à l'intérieur de la surface théorique de pale et/ou
  • situées entre celle-ci et des congés de raccordement reliant celle-ci à l'une des surfaces théorique de support de veine.
The creation of the vein requires in particular to eliminate from the first and second vein support surface portions of surfaces that should not be part of the vein. These include the or portions of the vein support surfaces that are:
  • located within the theoretical blade area and / or
  • located between it and connecting fillet connecting it to one of the theoretical vein support surfaces.

La veine est finalisée en limitant sa surface au moyen des courbes de limitation, de chaque côté de la pale.The vein is finalized by limiting its area by means of limiting curves, on each side of the blade.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'une aube pour roue à aubes de turbomachine, une première extrémité de l'aube comportant une première plateforme présentant une surface, dite veine, du côté d'une pale de l'aube ; dans lequel on utilise, pour définir la veine, un procédé de modélisation de veine de plateforme tel que défini précédemment, et suivant lequel la première plateforme est formée intégralement avec la pale.The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a blade for a turbomachine blade wheel, a first end of the blade comprising a first platform having a surface, called a vein, on the side of a blade of the blade; in which a vein modeling method as defined above is used to define the vein, and wherein the first platform is integrally formed with the blade.

Dans ce procédé, l'aube est formée de préférence principalement par fonderie.In this process, the blade is preferably formed mainly by casting.

L'invention concerne également la mise en oeuvre, en utilisant l'outil de CAO CATIA (marque déposée), du procédé de modélisation de veine tel que défini précédemment.The invention also relates to the implementation, using the CATIA (registered trademark) CAD tool, of the vein modeling method as defined above.

Elle concerne enfin un programme d'ordinateur comportant des instructions pour l'exécution par ordinateur des étapes du procédé de modélisation de veine tel que défini précédemment, un support d'enregistrement lisible par un ordinateur sur lequel est enregistré un programme d'ordinateur tel que défini précédemment, et un ordinateur comportant un support d'enregistrement tel que défini précédemment.Finally, it relates to a computer program comprising instructions for computer execution of the steps of the vein modeling method as defined above, a computer-readable recording medium on which is recorded a computer program such as defined above, and a computer having a recording medium as defined above.

L'invention sera bien comprise et ses avantages apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit, de modes de réalisation représentés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. La description se réfère aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une aube selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue schématique partielle en perspective d'une turbomachine, montrant une roue à aubes comportant des aubes identiques à celles illustrées par la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 est une vue schématique en perspective du modèle numérique de l'aube de la figure 1 en cours de création par le procédé de modélisation selon l'invention.
  • La figure 4 est une vue schématique radiale par rapport à l'axe de la roue à aubes, du modèle numérique de l'aube de la figure 1 en cours de création par le procédé de modélisation selon l'invention.
  • La figure 5 est une vue schématique suivant l'axe de la roue à aubes, du modèle numérique de l'aube de la figure 1 en cours de création par le procédé de modélisation selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood and its advantages will appear better on reading the detailed description which follows, of embodiments shown by way of non-limiting examples. The description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • The figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a blade according to the invention.
  • The figure 2 is a partial schematic perspective view of a turbomachine, showing a paddle wheel having blades identical to those illustrated by FIG. figure 1 .
  • The figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of the numerical model of the dawn of the figure 1 being created by the modeling method according to the invention.
  • The figure 4 is a schematic radial view with respect to the axis of the paddle wheel, the numerical model of the dawn of the figure 1 being created by the modeling method according to the invention.
  • The figure 5 is a schematic view along the axis of the impeller, the numerical model of the dawn of the figure 1 being created by the modeling method according to the invention.

La figure 1 représente trois aubes 10 identiques qui représentent un mode de réalisation de l'invention. Chacune de ces aubes 10 est conçue pour être assemblée avec N-1 aubes 10 identiques, de manière à former une roue à aubes 100 comprenant N aubes 10 (Fig. 2).The figure 1 represents three identical blades which represent an embodiment of the invention. Each of these vanes 10 is designed to be assembled with N-1 identical vanes, so as to form a vane wheel 100 comprising N vanes 10 ( Fig. 2 ).

La roue à aubes 100 fait elle-même partie d'une turbomachine 110.The impeller 100 is itself part of a turbomachine 110.

Dans la roue 100, les aubes 10 sont montées sur un disque rotor 12 de manière axisymétrique autour de l'axe X de la roue. Lorsque la roue est exploitée, un flux de fluide s'écoule suivant l'axe X d'un côté amont à un côté aval de la roue.In the wheel 100, the vanes 10 are mounted on a rotor disk 12 axisymmetrically about the X axis of the wheel. When the wheel is operated, a flow of fluid flows along the X axis from an upstream side to a downstream side of the wheel.

Dans ce qui suit, les éléments liés au côté amont sont notés 'U', et les éléments liés au côté aval sont notés 'D'.In what follows, the elements connected to the upstream side are denoted 'U', and the elements connected to the downstream side are denoted 'D'.

Chaque aube 10 comporte successivement, suivant une direction radiale sortante de la roue, un pied 14, une pale 16, et un talon 18.Each blade 10 comprises successively, in a radial direction out of the wheel, a foot 14, a blade 16, and a heel 18.

Le pied 14 et le talon 18 constituent donc les deux extrémités de l'aube. Ils comportent respectivement une plateforme 13 et une plateforme 22. Ces plates-formes 13,22 s'étendent dans une direction globalement perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale de la pale 16 (qui est la direction radiale R pour l'aube 10).The foot 14 and the heel 18 therefore constitute the two ends of the dawn. They comprise respectively a platform 13 and a platform 22. These platforms 13,22 extend in a direction generally perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade 16 (which is the radial direction R for the blade 10).

La plateforme 13 de pied présente une veine 15, et la plateforme 22 de talon une veine 24.The foot platform 13 has a vein 15, and the heel platform 22 a vein 24.

Suivant une vue radiale, la veine 15 présente un contour externe approximativement rectangulaire, délimité par un bord amont 17u, un bord aval 17d, un bord d'intrados 17ps, un bord d'extrados 17ss.According to a radial view, the vein 15 has an approximately rectangular outer contour, delimited by an upstream edge 17u, a downstream edge 17d, a lower surface edge 17ps, an extrados edge 17ss.

La veine 15 est composée de deux parties complémentaires : une partie 15ps située du côté de l'intrados, et une partie 15ss située du côté de l'extrados de la pale.The vein 15 is composed of two complementary parts: a part 15ps located on the side of the intrados, and a part 15ss located on the extrados side of the blade.

La veine 15 est reliée à la surface de la pale 16 par des surfaces de raccordement 20 (qui sont sensiblement des congés de raccordement à rayon évolutif).The vein 15 is connected to the surface of the blade 16 by connecting surfaces 20 (which are essentially connecting fillet radius evolution).

Le procédé de modélisation utilisé pour définir la forme de l'aube 10 conformément à l'invention va maintenant être présenté.The modeling method used to define the shape of the blade according to the invention will now be presented.

Ce procédé comporte les opérations suivantes :

  1. a) Détermination de la surface théorique de pale
  2. b) Détermination de la surface théorique de veine
  3. c) Définition des courbes de construction pour l'aube
  4. d) Création de la veine.
This process comprises the following operations:
  1. a) Determination of the theoretical blade area
  2. b) Determination of the theoretical vein surface
  3. c) Definition of construction curves for dawn
  4. d) Creation of the vein.

Ces opérations sont réalisées sur ordinateur, à l'aide d'un programme de conception assistée par ordinateur comme par exemple le logiciel CATIA (Marque déposée) de la société Dassault Systèmes.These operations are performed on a computer, using a computer-assisted design program such as CATIA software (registered trademark) from Dassault Systèmes.

Les différentes opérations de création indiquées ci-après sont donc des opérations de création d'entités tridimensionnelles, qui sont définies dans un environnement ou un espace tridimensionnel virtuel.The various creation operations indicated below are therefore operations for creating three-dimensional entities, which are defined in a virtual three-dimensional space or environment.

a) Détermination d'une surface théorique de palea) Determination of a theoretical blade area

On crée tout d'abord une surface théorique 30 de pale. Cette surface représente la surface externe souhaitée pour la pale 16. Cette surface est fonction notamment des contraintes aérodynamiques applicables à la pale ; elle est constituée par un extrados 30ss et un intrados 30ps, et présente un bord d'attaque 36 et un bord de fuite 38 (Fig.3).First, a theoretical blade surface is created. This surface represents the desired outer surface for the blade 16. This surface is a function in particular of the aerodynamic stresses applicable to the blade; it consists of an upper surface 30ss and a lower surface 30ps, and has a leading edge 36 and a trailing edge 38 ( Fig.3 ).

b) Détermination des surfaces théoriques de veineb) Determination of theoretical vein surfaces

On crée ou on détermine ensuite une surface théorique 40 de veine de pied et une surface théorique 60 de veine de talon. Chacune de ces surfaces a sensiblement la forme souhaitée pour le carter, respectivement intérieur ou extérieur, délimitant le passage de circulation de gaz à travers la roue à aubes.A theoretical foot vein surface 40 and a theoretical heel vein surface 60 are then created or determined. Each of these surfaces has substantially the desired shape for the housing, respectively inner or outer, defining the passage of gas flow through the impeller.

Les surfaces 40, 60 s'étendent axialement vers l'amont et l'aval jusqu'à des courbes limites (40U, 40D, 60U, 60D) qui délimitent axialement l'étendue ou l'emprise de l'aube que l'on souhaite définir.The surfaces 40, 60 extend axially upstream and downstream to boundary curves (40U, 40D, 60U, 60D) which axially delimit the extent or the grip of the dawn that is wants to define.

Dans l'exemple présenté, les surfaces 40 et 60 sont des surfaces de révolution définies autour de l'axe A. Cela étant, des surfaces théoriques pour la veine qui ne sont pas des surfaces de révolution peuvent également être utilisées dans le cadre de l'invention, par exemple des surfaces conduisant à définir des plateformes dites 'plateformes 3D' et comportant localement des bosses et/ou des creux.In the example presented, the surfaces 40 and 60 are surfaces of revolution defined around the axis A. That being so, theoretical surfaces for the vein that are not surfaces of revolution can also be used within the scope of the invention. invention, for example surfaces leading to the definition of platforms called '3D platforms' and locally involving bumps and / or depressions.

Une surface de révolution autour d'un axe désigne ici une surface engendrée par la rotation d'une courbe autour de cet axe.A surface of revolution about an axis here designates a surface generated by the rotation of a curve around this axis.

c) Création des courbes de construction pour l'aubec) Creation of construction curves for dawn

Après avoir défini les entités support que sont les surfaces théoriques de pale (30) et de veine (40,60), on crée les premières courbes de construction 45,65 respectivement pour la plateforme 13 du pied 14 et pour la plateforme 22 du talon 18 de l'aube 10.After defining the support entities that are the theoretical surfaces of blade (30) and vein (40,60), the first construction curves 45,65 are created respectively for the platform 13 of the foot 14 and for the platform 22 of the heel 18 of dawn 10.

Pour cela, on détermine la courbe d'intersection 44 entre la surface théorique de pale 30 et la surface théorique 40 de veine de pied.For this, the intersection curve 44 is determined between the theoretical blade surface 30 and the theoretical foot vein surface 40.

On détermine également la courbe d'intersection 64 entre la surface théorique de pale 30 et la surface théorique 60 de veine de talon.The intersection curve 64 between the theoretical blade surface 30 and the theoretical heel vein surface 60 is also determined.

On définit ensuite des directions de fabrication. Celles-ci sont définies par un couple de vecteurs (normés) Dps, Dss. Ces vecteurs définissent respectivement pour les deux côtés de la pale des directions qui permettent à définir le procédé de fabrication utilisé pour la pale. Ils définissent par exemple des directions de démoulage, etc.Manufacturing directions are then defined. These are defined by a pair of (normalized) vectors Dps, Dss. These vectors define respectively for both sides of the blade directions that allow to define the manufacturing process used for the blade. They define, for example, demolding directions, etc.

En vue suivant l'axe X de la roue à aubes, chacun des vecteurs Dps et Dss fait un angle α égal à 90° - 180°/N par rapport à la direction radiale R, N étant le nombre d'aubes dans la roue à aubes (Fig.5), et l'angle au sommet (sur l'axe X) entre deux aubes adjacentes étant donc égal à 360°/N.In view along the axis X of the impeller, each of the vectors Dps and Dss makes an angle α equal to 90 ° -180 ° / N relative to the radial direction R, where N is the number of blades in the wheel paddle ( Fig.5 ), and the angle at the apex (on the X axis) between two adjacent vanes is thus equal to 360 ° / N.

Par contraste, en projection dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction radiale, les vecteurs Dps et Dss sont orientés dans des directions opposées (Fig. 4).In contrast, in projection in a plane perpendicular to the radial direction, the vectors Dps and Dss are oriented in opposite directions ( Fig. 4 ).

Les vecteurs Dps et Dss sont donc symétriques l'un de l'autre par rapport à un plan s'étendant suivant une direction radiale (R) traversant la surface théorique de pale 30 et contenant l'axe X de la roue à aubes.The vectors Dps and Dss are therefore symmetrical to one another with respect to a plane extending in a radial direction (R) traversing the theoretical blade surface 30 and containing the axis X of the impeller.

La détermination des directions de fabrication (vecteurs Dps et Dss) et de la première courbe de construction 45 pour la plateforme de pied 13 va maintenant être présentée en détail, la même méthode étant utilisée ensuite pour déterminer la première courbe de construction 65 pour la plateforme de talon 22.The determination of the manufacturing directions (Dps and Dss vectors) and the first construction curve 45 for the foot platform 13 will now be presented in detail, the same method being then used to determine the first construction curve 65 for the platform heel 22.

Pour une courbe d'intersection donnée entre la surface théorique de pale et une surface théorique de veine (dans le cas présent, la courbe d'intersection est la courbe 44), à chaque direction de fabrication (définie par le couple de vecteurs Dps, Dss) correspond un couple de points (U,D) dits 'points limites' qui se définit de la manière suivante :
Un couple de points limites (U,D) est le couple de points, généralement situés respectivement aux voisinages du bord d'attaque 36 et du bord de fuite 38 de l'aube, qui font partie de la courbe d'intersection considérée (courbe 44), et qui divisent celle-ci en deux portions complémentaires (44ps et 44ss) associées respectivement aux vecteurs Dps et Dss, et telles qu'en tout point de chacune de ces portions (44ps et 44ss), l'angle entre la normale à la surface théorique de pale au point considéré forme un angle aigu ou droit avec le vecteur Dps ou Dss associé.For a given intersection curve between the theoretical blade area and a theoretical vein surface (in this case, the curve of intersection is the curve 44), at each direction of manufacture (defined by the pair of vectors Dps, Dss) corresponds a pair of points (U, D) called 'limit points' which is defined in the following way:
A pair of limit points (U, D) is the pair of points, generally located respectively at the neighborhoods of the leading edge 36 and the trailing edge 38 of the blade, which form part of the intersection curve considered (curve 44), and which divide it into two complementary portions (44ps and 44ss) respectively associated with the vectors Dps and Dss, and such that at any point of each of these portions (44ps and 44ss), the angle between the normal at the theoretical blade surface at the point considered forms an acute or right angle with the associated vector Dps or Dss.

En d'autres termes, en chaque point de l'une de ces portions de courbe, la surface théorique de pale présente une dépouille non négative par rapport au vecteur Dps, Dss associé à la portion de courbe.In other words, at each point of one of these curve portions, the theoretical blade surface has a non-negative clearance relative to the vector Dps, Dss associated with the curve portion.

Cela entraîne en général qu'en vue radiale (Fig.4), la tangente à la courbe d'intersection (à la courbe 44) aux points limites (U,D) est parallèle à la direction de fabrication (Dps, Dss), comme illustré sur la figure 4.This usually results in a radial view ( Fig.4 ), the tangent to the intersection curve (at curve 44) at the limit points (U, D) is parallel to the manufacturing direction (Dps, Dss), as shown in FIG. figure 4 .

On choisit une direction de fabrication (couple de vecteurs DPS et DSS) ce qui définit donc un couple de points limites U,D.A manufacturing direction is chosen (vector pair D PS and D SS ) which thus defines a pair of limit points U, D.

On définit alors la première courbe de construction 45 pour la plateforme de pied de manière à respecter les contraintes suivantes :

  • la courbe 45 doit passer par les points limites U et D ;
  • elle doit se prolonger en amont et en aval jusqu'aux courbes limites amont et aval respectives 40U et 40D de la surface théorique de veine 40 ; et
  • elle doit relier les points U et D sans traverser la surface théorique de pale 30 entre ces points.
The first construction curve 45 for the foot platform is then defined so as to respect the following constraints:
  • curve 45 must pass through the limit points U and D;
  • it must extend upstream and downstream to the respective upstream and downstream limit curves 40U and 40D of the theoretical vein surface 40; and
  • it must connect the points U and D without crossing the theoretical blade area 30 between these points.

La première courbe de construction 45 comporte donc :

  • une partie 45i à l'intérieur de la courbe 44, dont les extrémités sont les points U et D. En vue radiale (Fig.4), cette partie de courbe 45i s'étend à l'intérieur de la courbe 44.
  • deux portions de courbe, 45u et 45d, qui sont formées sur la surface théorique de veine de pied 40 respectivement du point U à la courbe 40u et du point D à la courbe 40d.
The first construction curve 45 therefore comprises:
  • a portion 45i inside the curve 44, the ends of which are the points U and D. In radial view ( Fig.4 this curve part 45i extends inside the curve 44.
  • two curve portions, 45u and 45d, which are formed on the theoretical foot vein surface 40 respectively from point U to curve 40u and from point D to curve 40d.

Ensuite, on crée une deuxième courbe de construction 45ps, en appliquant à la première courbe de construction 45 une rotation d'un angle de 360°/N par rapport à l'axe X.Then, a second construction curve 45ps is created, applying to the first construction curve 45 a rotation of an angle of 360 ° / N with respect to the axis X.

Les première et deuxième courbes de construction 65,65ps pour la plateforme de talon 22 sont ensuite créées de manière analogue.The first and second 65.65ps construction curves for the heel platform 22 are then similarly created.

d) Création des veines de pied et de talond) Creation of foot and heel veins

La veine de pied 15 est d'abord construite en réalisant les opérations suivantes :

  • on crée une surface support de veine 46 en réalisant un balayage d'un segment de droite se déplaçant tout en restant en appui ou en contact avec la première courbe de construction 45 et la deuxième courbe de construction 45ps.
The foot vein 15 is first constructed by performing the following operations:
  • a vein support surface 46 is created by scanning a moving line segment while remaining in contact with or in contact with the first construction curve 45 and the second construction curve 45ps.

La section de la surface support de veine 46 dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X est représentée sur la figure 5.The section of the vein support surface 46 in a plane perpendicular to the X axis is represented on the figure 5 .

Du fait de la construction de la surface 46 par balayage d'un segment de droite entre les deux courbes 45 et 45ps, sur toute l'étendue axiale de la courbe 45, la section de la surface support de veine 46 suivant un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe est un segment de droite 48.

  • on crée alors la veine 15.
Due to the construction of the surface 46 by scanning a line segment between the two curves 45 and 45ps, over the entire axial extent of the curve 45, the section of the vein support surface 46 in a plane perpendicular to the axis is a line segment 48.
  • we then create the vein 15.

Pour cela, on calcule d'abord les surfaces 20 des congés de raccordement entre la surface théorique de pale 30 et la surface support de veine 46, du côté de l'intrados.For this purpose, the surfaces 20 of the connection fillet are first calculated between the theoretical blade surface 30 and the vein support surface 46, on the underside side.

On limite alors la surface support de veine 46 à l'extrémité des surfaces 20 de congés de raccordement.The vein support surface 46 is then limited at the end of the connection fillet surfaces.

En amont et en aval de la surface théorique de pale 30, la surface support de veine s'étend jusqu'à la première courbe de construction 45.Upstream and downstream of the theoretical blade surface 30, the vein support surface extends to the first construction curve 45.

On se donne ensuite ou on crée d'abord la courbe de limitation 52 souhaitée délimitant les plateformes d'aubes adjacentes. On divise alors la surface support de veine 46 en deux portions 46ps et 46ss séparées par la courbe de limitation 52.Next, the desired limiting curve 52 delimiting the adjacent blade platforms is created or first created. The vein support surface 46 is then divided into two portions 46ps and 46ss separated by the limitation curve 52.

On applique alors à la portion 46ss de la surface support de veine 46 une rotation d'un angle de -360°/N par rapport à l'axe X ; la portion 46ss à laquelle a été appliquée cette rotation se situe donc par rapport à la surface théorique de pale du côté extrados.The portion 46ss of the vein support surface 46 is then rotated by an angle of -360 ° / N with respect to the X axis; the portion 46ss to which this rotation has been applied is therefore relative to the theoretical blade surface on the extrados side.

On calcule d'abord les surfaces 20 des congés de raccordement entre la surface théorique de pale 30 et la surface support de veine 46ss, du côté de l'extrados.First, the surfaces of the connection fillet between the theoretical blade surface 30 and the vein support surface 46ss, on the extrados side, are calculated.

On limite alors la surface support de veine 46ss à l'extrémité des surfaces 20 de congés de raccordement.The vein support surface 46ss is then limited at the end of the connection fillet surfaces.

Cette portion 46ss (située du côté de l'extrados de la surface théorique de pale 30) et la portion 46ps constituent la veine 15 de la plateforme 13 du pied 14 de l'aube 10.This portion 46ss (located on the extrados side of the theoretical blade surface 30) and the portion 46ps constitute the vein 15 of the platform 13 of the foot 14 of the blade 10.

(Dans un autre mode de réalisation, une portion seulement des surfaces 46ss et 46ps citées ci-dessus est utilisée pour créer la veine 15. En complément de cette portion des surfaces 46ss et 46ps, la veine 15 comprend alors des surfaces autres que les surfaces 46ss, 46ps, par exemple des portions de surface qui ne sont pas des surfaces de révolution.)(In another embodiment, only a portion of the 46ss and 46ps surfaces mentioned above is used to create the vein 15. In addition to this portion of the 46ss and 46ps surfaces, the vein 15 then comprises surfaces other than the surfaces 46ss, 46ps, for example surface portions that are not surfaces of revolution.)

En amont et en aval de la pale 16, les portions 46ss et 46ps de la surface support de veine sont adjacentes et forment une arête saillante au niveau de la première courbe de construction 45, c'est-à-dire au niveau des courbes 45u et 45d.Upstream and downstream of the blade 16, the portions 46ss and 46ps of the vein support surface are adjacent and form a projecting edge at the first construction curve 45, that is to say at the level of the curves 45a. and 45d.

Inversement, au niveau de la courbe de limitation 52, les surfaces adjacentes 46ps et 46ss sont en parfaite continuité.Conversely, at the level of the limiting curve 52, the adjacent surfaces 46ps and 46ss are in perfect continuity.

Par construction, de part et d'autre de la surface théorique de pale 30, les sections 48ss et 48ps des portions de surface support de veine portion 46ss et 46ps forment par rapport à la direction radiale R un angle α égal à 90-180°/N (Fig.5).By construction, on either side of the theoretical blade surface 30, the sections 48ss and 48ps of the portion support surface portion portions 46ss and 46ps form with respect to the radial direction R an angle α equal to 90-180 ° /NOT ( Fig.5 ).

Il s'ensuit d'autre part que, sur toute l'étendue axiale de l'aube, une section suivant un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de la roue de la veine 15 présente un premier segment de droite 48PS sur un premier côté de la pale et un second segment de droite 48SS sur le deuxième côté de la pale ; ces premier et deuxième segments 48SS,48PS forment chacun de part et d'autre de la pale un angle de 90° - 180°/N par rapport à la direction radiale R.It follows on the other hand that, over the entire axial extent of the blade, a section along a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel of the vein 15 has a first segment of line 48 PS on a first side of the blade and a second line segment 48 SS on the second side of the blade; these first and second segments 48 SS , 48 PS each form on either side of the blade an angle of 90 ° - 180 ° / N relative to the radial direction R.

La veine de talon 24 est créée de la même manière que la veine de pied 15.The heel vein 24 is created in the same way as the foot vein 15.

Par suite, les sections des surfaces support de veine des plateformes de talon et de pied présentent dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X des segments de droite parallèles 48, 68.As a result, the sections of the vein support surfaces of the heel and foot platforms present, in a plane perpendicular to the X axis, parallel straight segments 48, 68.

La surface théorique de pale 30 est limitée au niveau des congés de raccordement 20, du côté du pied. Elle est limitée de la même manière au niveau de congés de raccordement 72 créés du côté du talon.The theoretical blade surface 30 is limited at the level of the connection fillet 20, the side of the foot. It is similarly limited to the level of fillet 72 created on the side of the heel.

Le modèle numérique de l'aube complet est alors finalisé en intégrant dans celui-ci notamment les veines 15 et 24, les congés de raccordement 20 et 72, et la surface théorique de pale 30, une fois les limitations apportées.The numerical model of the complete dawn is then finalized by integrating in this one in particular the veins 15 and 24, the filleting leaves 20 and 72, and the theoretical blade surface 30, once the limitations have been made.

L'aube 10 peut alors être fabriquée avec la géométrie définie par le modèle numérique ainsi défini.The blade 10 can then be manufactured with the geometry defined by the numerical model thus defined.

Claims (13)

  1. A blade (10) for a turbomachine bladed wheel (100) having N blades arranged around a wheel axis (X):
    a first end of the blade having a first platform (13) presenting a surface (15), referred to as a "platform wall", on a side toward an airfoil (14) of the blade;
    the first platform being formed integrally with the airfoil;
    the blade being characterized in that over a first portion of the axial extent of the blade, a section in a plane perpendicular to the axis (X) of the wheel through the wall of the first platform is constituted essentially by a first straight line segment (48ps) on a first side of the airfoil and by a second straight line segment (48ss) on the second side of the airfoil; and each of the first and second segments forms an angle (α) of 90°-180°/N relative to the radial direction (R) on either side of the airfoil, in such a manner that the first and the second segment form an acute angle relative to the radial direction for the blade.
  2. A blade according to claim 1, wherein over the entire axial extent of the blade, a section on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel through the wall (15) of the first platform (13) is essentially constituted by a first straight line segment (48ps) on a first side of the airfoil and by a second straight line segment (48ss) on the second side of the airfoil; and each of the first and second segments forms an angle of 90°-180°/N relative to the radial direction on either side of the airfoil, in such a manner that the first and the second segment form an acute angle relative to the radial direction of the blade.
  3. A blade according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the second end of the blade has a second platform (22);
    over a second portion of the axial extent of the blade, a section on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wheel through a wall (24) of the second platform is essentially constituted by a third straight line segment on a first side of the airfoil and by a fourth straight line segment on the second side of the airfoil; and
    each of the third and fourth segments forms an angle of 90°-180°/N relative to the radial direction on either side of the airfoil, in such a manner that the third and the fourth segment form an acute angle relative to the radial direction of the blade.
  4. A blade according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first platform (13) presents an edge (45u, 45d) that substantially extends a leading edge (36) of the blade and/or an edge that substantially extends a trailing edge (38) of the blade.
  5. A blade according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said first portion of the axial extent of the blade extends upstream from the airfoil and/or downstream from the airfoil.
  6. A bladed wheel (100) including a number N of blades (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
  7. A turbomachine (110) including a bladed wheel (100) according to claim 6, in particular a two-spool turbomachine having a low pressure turbine.
  8. A modeling method for modeling a platform wall (15) for a blade, the method being characterized in that it includes the following steps:
    with a computer, creating a digital model of the platform wall (15) in such a manner that
    over a first portion of the axial extent of the blade, a section of the platform wall on a plane perpendicular to the axis (X) of the wheel has a first straight line segment (48ps) on a first side of an airfoil of the blade and a second straight line segment (48ss) on the second side of the airfoil, and each of the first and second segments forms an angle of 90°-180°/N relative to the radial direction on either side of the airfoil, in such a manner that the first and the second segment form an acute angle relative to the radial direction for the blade; and that the platform of the blade appears as being integrally formed with the airfoil.
  9. A modeling method according to claim 8, wherein said first portion of the axial extent of the airfoil extends upstream from the airfoil and/or downstream from the airfoil.
  10. A modeling method according to claim 8 or claim 9, further including the following steps:
    determining a theoretical surface for the airfoil (30), referenced relative to an axis of the bladed wheel;
    defining a first construction curve (45) for the blade; and
    defining a second construction curve (45ps) by applying a rotation through an angle 360°/N about the axis of the wheel to the first construction curve; and
    wherein in order to create the platform wall, a platform wall support surface (46) is created by sweeping a straight line segment that moves while bearing against the first and second construction curves (45, 45ps); and the platform wall is created so as to include a portion of said platform wall support surface defined by a limit curve that substantially defines a limit between two adjacent blades.
  11. A modeling method according to claim 10, further including the following step:
    determining a theoretical surface for the platform wall (46);
    and wherein the first construction curve (45) is then determined in such a manner that it extends from upstream to downstream the theoretical airfoil surface (30), passing right through it, and is radially at substantially the same distance from the axis (X) as an intersection (44) between the theoretical airfoil surface and the theoretical platform wall surface.
  12. A modeling method according to claim 11, wherein the first construction curve (45) is determined in such a manner that outside the theoretical airfoil surface (30) the first construction curve is contained in the theoretical platform wall surface (40).
  13. A method of fabricating a blade for a turbomachine bladed wheel, a first end of the blade having a first platform (13) presenting a surface (15) referred to as the platform wall on a side toward an airfoil (16) of the blade; the method being characterized in that in order to define the platform wall, use is made of a platform wall modeling method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, and in that the first platform is formed integrally with the airfoil.
EP14827829.4A 2013-12-18 2014-12-12 Blade, impeller and turbo machine; method of manufacturing the blade Active EP3084131B1 (en)

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FR1362910A FR3014942B1 (en) 2013-12-18 2013-12-18 DAWN, WHEEL IN AUBES AND TURBOMACHINE; PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING DAWN
PCT/FR2014/053317 WO2015092234A1 (en) 2013-12-18 2014-12-12 Blade, impeller and turbo machine; method of manufacturing the blade

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US10669863B2 (en) 2020-06-02
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JP6809904B2 (en) 2021-01-06
CN105829651B (en) 2019-05-07

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