EP3078910B1 - Gas burner with staged combustion - Google Patents

Gas burner with staged combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3078910B1
EP3078910B1 EP15162738.7A EP15162738A EP3078910B1 EP 3078910 B1 EP3078910 B1 EP 3078910B1 EP 15162738 A EP15162738 A EP 15162738A EP 3078910 B1 EP3078910 B1 EP 3078910B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
primary head
nozzles
gas burner
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15162738.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3078910A1 (en
Inventor
Pavel Skryja
Petr Belohradsky
Karel Pleha
Lubomir Vitek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pbs Power Equipment SRO
Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Brne
Original Assignee
Pbs Power Equipment SRO
Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Brne
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Pbs Power Equipment SRO, Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Brne filed Critical Pbs Power Equipment SRO
Priority to EP15162738.7A priority Critical patent/EP3078910B1/en
Publication of EP3078910A1 publication Critical patent/EP3078910A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3078910B1 publication Critical patent/EP3078910B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/20—Burner staging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/30—Staged fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14021—Premixing burners with swirling or vortices creating means for fuel or air

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a gas burner with a combustion head with axial main performance nozzles, which is arranged in the axis of a cylindrical casing which is open from below for the flow of the combustion air, wherein there are other fuel nozzles arranged on the output of the casing, wherein in front of the primary head, the fuel tube is divided into a plurality of tubes arranged in a circle, whose nozzles are orientated into the gas burner output.
  • Gas burners are designed for combustion of gaseous fuels and serve primarily as a source of heat for overpressure and underpressure hot water boilers. However, they can be used for other appliances with adequate space for combustion which will not be stressed by external heat. Structurally these gas burners are designed as monobloc, i.e. the swirler and all components are part of the gas burner body. The gas burner operation is fully automatic, also suitable for unattended control of boiler rooms.
  • block burners belong to burners without premixing of gas with air. The mixing takes place until the gas burner output while simultaneous combusting the created mixture. According to the combustion method, block burners belong to burners with free flame.
  • gas burners are provided with a combustion head, which combusts the fuel in one step.
  • combustion temperature peaks occur, which cause creating of thermal NO x .
  • This combustion process does not enable to reduce NO x emissions sufficiently.
  • the aim of this invention is to reduce emissions of thermal NO x .
  • a burner is presented where a primary head is provided with a swirler and in front of the swirler in the direction of the gas burner output, radial stabilization nozzles around the circumference of the head are provided.
  • There are two streams of fuel - an inner one within the inner tube and an outer one in the space between inner and outer tubes. Each stream has its own nozzles, axial respectively radial ones.
  • the aim of the invention is to present a gas burner which would allow to reduce emissions of thermal NO x .
  • Fig. 1 shows a front view of the gas burner according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the gas burner opening according to line A-A of Fig. 1 in the scale 1:2
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a gas burner according to line B-B of Fig. 2 .
  • the gas burner consists of a gaseous part which consists of the gas supply 7 tube, an elbow 8 and an income tube portion 9. There is also a not shown air box in front of the gaseous part.
  • the income tube portion 9 leads into a gas distributor 16 from which a tube portion 11 extends on which a reduction piece 12 is arranged.
  • the primary head 15 is provided with a radially arranged swirler 13 on its lateral surface.
  • the reduction piece 12 is provided with a passing-through opening 17 which reduces passing of gas.
  • axial main performance nozzles 19 and stabilization nozzles 20 on its cylindrical casing, namely in front of the swirler 13, viewed from a gas burner output.
  • Secondary gas is supplied from a gas distributor 16 into secondary heads 6 via distribution tubes 10.
  • the cylindrical casing 3 At the ends of outer walls 21 of the distribution tubes 10 there is perpendicularly arranged the cylindrical casing 3, creating the primary combustion channel.
  • the gas is distributed from a ring 22 consisting of a rear wall 4, a longitudinal wall 2 and a front wall 23 by six tubes 5 to six secondary heads 6 with nozzles 18. Where there is no tube 5, there is the front wall 23 which closes the ring 22.
  • Gas-air mixture of the first (primary) stage is formed by the swirler 13 of the central primary head 15.
  • the system of nozzles 19, 20 of the primary head 15 is formed in such a way that a part of these nozzles, namely the axial nozzles +9 are main performance nozzles 19 and the other nozzles are stabilization nozzles 20, which secure combustion stability.
  • the radial stabilization nozzles 20 create turbulent swirling of the gas/air mixture. Their placement in the vicinity of swirler 13 is important because of streaming of the combustion air, which has a lower velocity in this area. In this way a very stable area of flame is created, which lights up and stabilizes the performance nozzles 19.
  • the secondary section has six secondary heads 6 placed around the outer circumference of the casing 3 forming the flame tube. The secondary gas flows radially from the nozzles in secondary heads 6 and enters the gas-air mixture.
  • the first stage is the combustion in the flame tube with huge surplus of combustion air.
  • the first stage has an output of about 20%.
  • the remaining gas needed for a specific power output is combusted in a mode with surplus of air, ideally in the range of 1.05 to 1.2 times of the stoichiometric ratio.
  • the swirler 13 creates turbulent air flow before mixing of the oxidizer with fuel. Turbulent air flow ensures a perfect mixing with fuel.
  • the secondary section has six secondary heads placed around the outer circumference of the inner flame tube. The secondary gas flows radially from the nozzles and does not create a rotary motion. Gas distribution is realized by the distribution ring 22 into which gas flows through two income tubes 8. NO x emissions in this arrangement are at the level of about 25 ppm in the combustion products.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Description

    Background of the invention
  • The invention concerns a gas burner with a combustion head with axial main performance nozzles, which is arranged in the axis of a cylindrical casing which is open from below for the flow of the combustion air, wherein there are other fuel nozzles arranged on the output of the casing, wherein in front of the primary head, the fuel tube is divided into a plurality of tubes arranged in a circle, whose nozzles are orientated into the gas burner output.
    • State of the art
  • Gas burners are designed for combustion of gaseous fuels and serve primarily as a source of heat for overpressure and underpressure hot water boilers. However, they can be used for other appliances with adequate space for combustion which will not be stressed by external heat. Structurally these gas burners are designed as monobloc, i.e. the swirler and all components are part of the gas burner body. The gas burner operation is fully automatic, also suitable for unattended control of boiler rooms. In terms of a mixing method of natural gas with air, block burners belong to burners without premixing of gas with air. The mixing takes place until the gas burner output while simultaneous combusting the created mixture. According to the combustion method, block burners belong to burners with free flame. For this reason are gas burners are provided with a combustion head, which combusts the fuel in one step. During one-step combustion temperature peaks occur, which cause creating of thermal NOx. This combustion process does not enable to reduce NOx emissions sufficiently. The aim of this invention is to reduce emissions of thermal NOx.
  • From a structural viewpoint, there are many burners whose combustion heads are arranged in the axis of cylindrical casings which are open from below where the combustion air flows, mixed with the fuel coming out from outside nozzles on the combustion head. Other gas nozzles are arranged on the discharge of the casing. Such an arrangement is known e.g. from the document EP 1335163 A1 . It is also common that in front of the primary head, the fuel tube is divided into a plurality of tubes arranged in a circle whose nozzles lead to the gas burner output. Such an arrangement is known e.g. from the document US 4,505,666 .
  • In EP 0 076 036 A1 a burner is presented with a fuel duct in form of a tube followed by another tube with smaller diameter, but there is no combustion head, but only a simple nozzle without any special constructive features.
  • In WO2007/017056 a burner is presented where a primary head is provided with a swirler and in front of the swirler in the direction of the gas burner output, radial stabilization nozzles around the circumference of the head are provided. There are two streams of fuel - an inner one within the inner tube and an outer one in the space between inner and outer tubes. Each stream has its own nozzles, axial respectively radial ones.
  • The aim of the invention is to present a gas burner which would allow to reduce emissions of thermal NOx .
    • Summary of the invention
  • The above mentioned disadvantages are eliminated by the gas burner according to the invention as defined, in claim 1.
    • Description of drawings
  • The invention will be described by use of drawings in which Fig. 1 shows a front view of the gas burner according to the invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the gas burner opening according to line A-A of Fig. 1 in the scale 1:2, and Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a gas burner according to line B-B of Fig. 2.
    • Preferred embodiment of the invention
  • From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the gas burner consists of a gaseous part which consists of the gas supply 7 tube, an elbow 8 and an income tube portion 9. There is also a not shown air box in front of the gaseous part. The income tube portion 9 leads into a gas distributor 16 from which a tube portion 11 extends on which a reduction piece 12 is arranged. There is a thread at the end of the reduction piece 12, with which a primary head 15 is installed. The primary head 15 is provided with a radially arranged swirler 13 on its lateral surface. The reduction piece 12 is provided with a passing-through opening 17 which reduces passing of gas. On the front of the primary head 15 there are provided axial main performance nozzles 19 and stabilization nozzles 20 on its cylindrical casing, namely in front of the swirler 13, viewed from a gas burner output. Secondary gas is supplied from a gas distributor 16 into secondary heads 6 via distribution tubes 10.
  • At the ends of outer walls 21 of the distribution tubes 10 there is perpendicularly arranged the cylindrical casing 3, creating the primary combustion channel. The gas is distributed from a ring 22 consisting of a rear wall 4, a longitudinal wall 2 and a front wall 23 by six tubes 5 to six secondary heads 6 with nozzles 18. Where there is no tube 5, there is the front wall 23 which closes the ring 22. There is a collar 14 above the front wall 23.
  • In Figs. 1 and 3 the construction of the gas burner parts is illustrated from other views. Gas-air mixture of the first (primary) stage is formed by the swirler 13 of the central primary head 15. The system of nozzles 19, 20 of the primary head 15 is formed in such a way that a part of these nozzles, namely the axial nozzles +9 are main performance nozzles 19 and the other nozzles are stabilization nozzles 20, which secure combustion stability. The radial stabilization nozzles 20 create turbulent swirling of the gas/air mixture. Their placement in the vicinity of swirler 13 is important because of streaming of the combustion air, which has a lower velocity in this area. In this way a very stable area of flame is created, which lights up and stabilizes the performance nozzles 19. In the primary section within the cylindrical casing 3 the pressure is reduced in comparison with the secondary section in the tube portion 11 by use of the reduction piece 12. The discharge of gas in the area of cylindrical casing 3 is lower, which is a prerequisite for good combustion stability. The secondary section has six secondary heads 6 placed around the outer circumference of the casing 3 forming the flame tube. The secondary gas flows radially from the nozzles in secondary heads 6 and enters the gas-air mixture.
  • The first stage is the combustion in the flame tube with huge surplus of combustion air. The first stage has an output of about 20%. In the second stage the remaining gas needed for a specific power output is combusted in a mode with surplus of air, ideally in the range of 1.05 to 1.2 times of the stoichiometric ratio.
  • The swirler 13 creates turbulent air flow before mixing of the oxidizer with fuel. Turbulent air flow ensures a perfect mixing with fuel. The secondary section has six secondary heads placed around the outer circumference of the inner flame tube. The secondary gas flows radially from the nozzles and does not create a rotary motion. Gas distribution is realized by the distribution ring 22 into which gas flows through two income tubes 8. NOx emissions in this arrangement are at the level of about 25 ppm in the combustion products.

Claims (1)

  1. Gas burner comprising
    • a cylindrical casing (3) which is open from below for the flow of combustion air;
    • a combustion primary head (15) with axial main performance fuel nozzles (19), which primary head (15) is arranged in the axis of the cylindrical casing (3);
    • an income tube portion (9) in front of the primary head (15) divided into a plurality of tubes (5) arranged in a circle,
    • a gas distributor (16), the income tube portion (9) leading into the gas distributor (16),
    • a tube portion (11) leading from the gas distributor (16) to the primary head (15),
    • other fuel nozzles (18) of the plurality of fuel tubes (5)
    - arranged on the output of the casing, and
    - being orientated into a gas burner output
    • a swirler (13), the primary head (15) being provided with the swirler (13);
    • radial stabilization nozzles (20) around the circumference of the primary head (15) provided in front of the swirler (13) in the direction of the gas burner output;
    • a reduction piece (12)
    - arranged on the tube portion (11) leading from the gas distributor (16) to the primary head (15), and
    - provided with a passing-through opening (17) which is smaller than an opening in the tube portion (11); and
    • wherein the primary head (15) is arranged on the reduction piece (12).
EP15162738.7A 2015-04-08 2015-04-08 Gas burner with staged combustion Active EP3078910B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15162738.7A EP3078910B1 (en) 2015-04-08 2015-04-08 Gas burner with staged combustion

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15162738.7A EP3078910B1 (en) 2015-04-08 2015-04-08 Gas burner with staged combustion

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3078910A1 EP3078910A1 (en) 2016-10-12
EP3078910B1 true EP3078910B1 (en) 2020-02-12

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ID=52813996

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15162738.7A Active EP3078910B1 (en) 2015-04-08 2015-04-08 Gas burner with staged combustion

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EP (1) EP3078910B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020118325A1 (en) 2020-07-10 2022-01-13 Elco Burners Gmbh METHOD OF STAGED COMBUSTION OF A FUEL AND FUEL HEAD

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107655002B (en) * 2017-10-20 2024-04-02 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 Gas air distributor
CN113188121B (en) * 2021-04-01 2022-11-04 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 Ultralow nitrogen combustor spout, combustor and boiler

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4505666A (en) 1981-09-28 1985-03-19 John Zink Company Staged fuel and air for low NOx burner
EP0076036B1 (en) * 1981-09-28 1987-04-29 John Zink Company Method and apparatus for burning fuel in stages
DE60308071T3 (en) 2002-01-31 2012-10-25 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Burner for process heating with very low NOx emission
DE102005038110A1 (en) * 2005-08-11 2007-03-01 Lbe Feuerungstechnik Gmbh Industrial burner and method for operating an industrial burner

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020118325A1 (en) 2020-07-10 2022-01-13 Elco Burners Gmbh METHOD OF STAGED COMBUSTION OF A FUEL AND FUEL HEAD

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Publication number Publication date
EP3078910A1 (en) 2016-10-12

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