EP3073897A1

EP3073897A1 - Method for representing optotypes, optotype representation, associated use and image output device

Info

Publication number: EP3073897A1
Application number: EP14802384.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Dieter Kalder; Fritz Passmann
Original assignee: Ipro GmbH
Current assignee: Ipro GmbH
Priority date: 2013-11-28
Filing date: 2014-11-17
Publication date: 2016-10-05
Also published as: CN105916432B; DE202013010668U1; CN105916432A; US10143369B2; CA2936150A1; US20170164822A1; WO2015078720A1; DE102014223442B4; DE102014223442A1; CA2936150C; HK1226275A1

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for representing optotypes (2) using an image output device (4) in order to test visual acuity and/or determine refraction. In said method, optotypes (10) are displayed in a three-dimensional image (6), and the image is subdivided in such a way that the optotypes (10) can be perceived by one eye under binocular conditions, the three-dimensional image (6) being perceivable in a binocular manner.

Description

Method of visual sign display, visual mark representation, associated use and image output device

The invention relates to a method for visual indication via an image output device for a visual acuity test and / or the determination of a refraction. The invention also relates to an associated Sehzeichendarstellung, an image output device and the use of a Sehzeichenderstellung.
To examine the refraction or visual acuity of human eyes, usually the first eye is examined first while the second eye is covered. The second eye is then tested while the first eye is covered. This procedure takes a relatively long time and also fatigues the eyes of a subject in the course of the eye test procedure, which can lead to measurement errors. In this so-called monocular examination of the eyes, for example, cyclophores (curls) of the eye can arise, which can then lead to incorrect cylinder values.
The invention has for its object to remedy the disadvantages of the prior art remedy.
This object is achieved by a method for visual sign representation with the features of claim 1. It is thus contemplated that optotypes will be presented in a three-dimensional image and that image separation will occur such that the optotypes are perceptible monocularly and under binocular conditions, the three-dimensional image being binocularly perceptible. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
By providing that both eyes simultaneously perceive a three-dimensional binocular image but only one eye perceives the corresponding optotype monocularly, fatigue of the eyes and a resulting falsifying test result can be effectively prevented because of a relaxed, natural vision is possible.
In doing so, the entire human visual system, including its highest developed form, the three-dimensional, stereoscopic vision, is addressed and a natural vision is made possible during an eye test as far as possible. This allows particularly advantageous eye tests and thus ultimately a spectacle lens correction which is particularly advantageous for a spectacle wearer.
Furthermore, it is no longer necessary to interrupt the binocular vision by a cover plate or the like to perform a monocular vision test. Instead, both eyes always see simultaneously during the entire eye test procedure, whereby, nevertheless, the optotypes are monocularly perceptible. Thus, in a relatively short time, all the necessary functions of a pair of eyes can be examined binocularly under monocular assignment, whereby the disadvantages of monocular vision tests, in particular eye fatigue and unnatural vision can be effectively avoided with only one eye, resulting in more accurate and more compatible spectacle lens corrections.
The image output device may be a 3D monitor or a 3D TV. Such an image output device allows visual display in a particularly simple manner, since no expensive and special equipment for performing an eye test by, for example, an optician must be purchased.
Furthermore, it is conceivable that filters with circular polarization or shutter glasses are used for image separation. In particular, when the image output device is a 3D TV, a particularly simple and cost-effective method for the display of visual images can be provided in this way. For example, in passive 3D technology, the 3D effect is achieved by line-by-line circular polarization, with 3D glasses being used for image separation.
Advantageously, the three-dimensional image extends to the vertical edges of the image or the image output device. In this way, a peripheral fusion stimulus can be provided by displaying a three-dimensional image over the entire width of the image output device, which means a further approach to natural stereoscopic vision.
It is conceivable that the optotypes are arranged in a horizontal row. In particular, it is also conceivable that a plurality of such rows are arranged vertically one above the other. In particular, this makes it possible to carry out vision tests, in which several optotypes are required for the implementation. Furthermore, this makes it possible to carry out several eye tests using only one visual chart.
Furthermore, it is conceivable that a visual test chart is displayed in the three-dimensional image, wherein the optotypes are arranged within the visual test chart. This makes it possible to display the visual test charts previously used for visual acuity testing together with the optotypes in a three-dimensional image.
The object mentioned at the outset is also solved by an optometry presented by the method according to the invention. Such a visual mark representation is characterized in particular by the fact that during a visual acuity test and / or a determination of a refraction optotypes are perceptible monocularly under binocular conditions, wherein a three-dimensional image is binocularly perceptible and wherein optotypes in the three-dimensional image are monocularly perceptible.
Furthermore, the object mentioned above is also achieved by an image output device, set up for the visual sign representation according to the invention. The image output device may include a 3D monitor or 3D TV. To set up the image output device for visual sign representation according to the invention, in particular a control device such as a computer, a tablet computer, a laptop or a smartphone is used, wherein the controller has software by means of which the image output device can be controlled such that on the image output device according to the invention Sehzeichendarstellung can be output.
Finally, the object mentioned above is also solved by the use of an eye sign display according to the invention in an eye test. Such an eye test may in particular be a visual acuity test and / or the determination of a refraction.
The eye test can also be a binocular fine-tuning or a dominance test.
Optotypes are preferably displayed in a horizontal row in the used Sehzeichenderstellung that three different eye tests can be performed. A first and a second of the three eye tests may be a screening of contrast vision and cylinder refraction. As a result, an examination of the functions of the pair of eyes can be carried out binocularly under monocular assignment in a particularly short time.
It has been found to be particularly advantageous if the optotype display is used in a stereo test. The optotypes are perceived stereoscopically during the vision test and can, for example, also be arranged at a certain stereo angle.
The invention is further characterized by:
The invention relates to an optotype display via an image output device (eg, 3D monitor or 3D TV) that displays three-dimensional images intended for the subjective refraction of humans.
In the usual procedure for determining the refraction, first one eye was examined while the other eye was covered and vice versa. The second eye was switched to later. Due to the relatively long duration of this procedure, the patient's eyes tire during the procedure, which can lead to errors in the measurement. In addition, in this so-called monocular examination, cyclophores (curls) of the eye can arise, which can lead to an incorrect correction of the cylinder values.
The invention has for its object to provide a method for determining the refraction, which avoids measurement errors due to eye fatigue and due to a cyclophoral adjustment of the eye.
Optotypes (optotypes) in a three-dimensional environment are presented on a 3D monitor or 3D TV set with circular polarization. For image separation, filters with circular polarization are used, through which both eyes can simultaneously see monocular under binocular conditions. The novelty of this procedure is that the entire visual system sees a 3D image in the background but only one eye receives the corresponding optotype.
In this way, the entire human visual system, including its most advanced form, stereoscopic vision, is addressed and natural, holistic vision is demanded. As a result, a refraction result is achieved which corresponds to the normal, natural vision. With this procedure, both eyes of the DUT remain open from the beginning. By this refraction possibility particularly accurate corrections can be achieved, which are particularly necessary for a compatible spectacle lens correction, especially a comfortable progressive lenses. The advantage of this approach is that in a very short time, all necessary functions of the pair of eyes binocular, under monocular assignment, are tested.
The invention is further distinguished by the fact that optotypes for the complete course of a visual acuity test are displayed in a three-dimensional image. Further, the invention is characterized in that the patient the optotypes (optotype), for determining the refraction (eyeglass determination) can see monocular under binocular conditions in the investigation of both eyes simultaneously. Throughout the refraction process, binocular vision no longer needs to be interrupted by a cover. Both eyes always see different pictures at the same time, if necessary. The presentation can be done on a 3D monitor or other suitable device. The separation of the visual impressions is carried out by circularly polarizing separation methods.
In addition to the usual tests, new tests have been developed:
a. Stereo test in the 3D environment;
b. Dominance test, to determine the dominant eye;
c. Visual chart with 3 different tests;
d. Optotypes for binocular fine-tuning in the 3D environment without an additional background.
Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description, on the basis of which the embodiments of the invention shown in the figures are described and explained in more detail. Show it:
FIG. 1 shows an image output device according to the invention, set up for visual indication; FIG.
Fig. 2 control device for controlling the image output device according to the invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a system with the control device of Figure 2 for the device of the image output device according to the invention.
4 shows first and second fields of an inventive visual mark representation for binocular fine adjustment;
Fig. 5 First and second field of an eye sign display according to the invention with a visual chart showing optotypes for different vision tests;
Fig. 6 First and second field of an eye sign display according to the invention for performing a stereo test;
Fig. 7 First and second field of an inventive chart drawing to perform a dominance test.
1 shows an image output device 4 for a visual acuity test and / or the determination of a refraction, which is set up for the optotype display 2. The image output device 4 comprises a 3D-TV, wherein line-by-line differently polarized light is emitted, so that the visual sign representation 2 is constructed from a superimposition of two fields 5, 7 shown in FIG. FIG. 2 shows a control device in the form of a tablet computer 12 for controlling the image output device 4, the tablet computer 12 having software for controlling the image output device 4.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the first field 5 has a first image portion 6 'showing a landscape with a lake 21', mountains 23 ', trees 25' and a hot air balloon 27 '. Within the first image section 6 'is a visual chart 8, wherein optotypes 10 within the visual chart 8 in the form of a relatively large letter "E" 10a, in the form of five smaller letters "F, A, O, T, U" 10b and Shape of a circular figure 10c are arranged in a horizontal row. In a second row below there are smaller optotypes in the form of a relatively large letter "A" 10a, in the form of five smaller letters "V, U, L, K, M" 10b and in the form of a circular figure 10c in FIG arranged in a horizontal row. Again below, in a third row, smaller optotypes are in the form of a relatively large letter "R" 10a, in the form of five smaller letters "P, B, O, A, R" 10b and in the form of a circle figure 10c in FIG arranged in a horizontal row. The size ratios of the individual series can be found in the characteristic values 29.
The second field 7 also has a first image section 6 "showing a landscape with a lake 21", mountains 23 ", trees 25" and a hot air balloon 27 ", the first image section 6 '' corresponds to the first image section 6 'of the first field 5. Furthermore, within the first image section 6 ", a visual test chart 8" is arranged, which corresponds to the visual sampling table 8 'of the first field 5. However, the second field 7 has no optotypes.
A person who performs the vision test can - as indicated by the selection bar 3 - select which three-dimensional image 6 and which type of optotypes 10 are to be displayed on the image output device 4. Furthermore, on the tablet computer 12, it is selected whether the first field 5 and / or the second field 7 has optotypes 10. Finally, among other things, the size of the optotypes 10 can be changed by means of the control buttons 31.
As shown in Figure 3, the image output device 4 is wirelessly controlled via the tablet computer 12 by control signals are routed via a router 14 to a receiving device 16 of the image output device 4. In this case, the first field 5 and the second field 7 are shown on the image output device 4 line sequentially. Consequently, on the image output device 4, an optotype representation 2 is presented, which is composed of two fields 5, 7.
To carry out the method for visual indication, it is further provided that image separation takes place by means of 3D glasses. In this case, the first field 5 of the Sehzeichendarstellung 2 is perceived only for the left eye, while the second field 7 of the Sehzeichendarstellung 2 is perceived only for the right eye, the brain merges the two visual impressions of the left and right eye to a visual impression (fused ).
With intact stereoscopic vision of a subject, the brain unites the first image section 6 'of the first field 5 and the first image section 6 "of the second field 7 into a three-dimensional image 6 in the form of a landscape with a lake 21, with mountains 23, with trees 25 and with a hot air balloon 27. Furthermore, the visual chart 8 'of the first field 5 and the eye chart 8' 'of the second field 7 is combined into an eye chart 8.
The optotypes 10a, 10b and 10c of the first field 5 according to FIG. 2 are perceptible only to the left eye and are therefore not perceived stereoscopically even after the visual impressions of the left and right eyes have merged into a visual impression due to the merely monocular perception ,
Thus, the eye chart display 2 enables an eye test to be carried out, wherein the three-dimensional image is binocular in the form of a landscape with a lake 21, mountains 23, trees 25 and a hot air balloon 27, while the optotypes 10a, 10b, 10c are monocular binocular Conditions are perceptible. Thus, a relaxed, natural vision during an eye test is largely possible. Fatigue of the eyes and a resulting falsified test result can be effectively prevented.
According to FIG. 1, the three-dimensional image 6 extends as far as the vertical edges 20 of the screen of the image output device 4, thus providing a peripheral fusion stimulus.
Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of eye tests performed using an optometrist 2 and which allow a rational, rapid eye test procedure:
FIGS. 4 to 7 each show a first field 5 with a first image section 6 'and a second field 7, with a second image section 6 ", the second image section 6" corresponding to the first image section 6'.
According to FIG. 4, the first field 5 has optotypes 15 'in the form of numbered balloons numbered 1 to 4. Likewise, the second field 7 optotypes 15 '' in the form of numbered balloons numbered 1 to 4. The optotypes 15 'and 15' 'are arranged at a certain stereo angle to each other. The spatial vision of a test person is checked. In order to enable spatial vision, it is necessary that the two image impressions of the left and the right eye can be fused into a single image impression. In a stereo test according to FIG. 4, it is possible to check whether the subject's visual system permits stereoscopic vision, since in this case not only the three-dimensional image 6 but also the optotypes in the form of the balloons 1 to 4 are stereoscopically perceptible. If stereopsis is present, the balloons with the numbers 1 and 2 appear to be in the background, while the balloons with the numbers 3 and 4 seem to meet the test subject and appear close enough to touch.
FIG. 5 shows a first and a second field 5, 7 for an optotype representation 2 for use in a dominance test. In this case, the first field 5 has an optotype in the form of a "figure 1" 17 'within a "hot air balloon 1", wherein it may be, for example, a dog in the "Figure 1". The second field 7 has an optotype in the form of a "figure 2" 17 "within a" hot air balloon 2 ", where" figure 2 "may be, for example, a cat. Using an optotype representation 2, "Figure 1" 17 'is perceptible only to the left eye, while "Figure 2" 17 "is perceptible only to the right eye. Regularly, a human person has a dominant eye, so that the visual impression of a subject is such that, although "hot air balloon 1" and "hot air balloon 2" are fused to a stereoscopically perceived hot air balloon. However, the subject's brain merges the visual impressions of the left and right eyes into a visual impression such that either "Figure 1" 17 'or "Figure 2" 17 "is perceived. Thus, it can be checked by means of this dominance test, which eye is the dominant eye when seeing.
FIG. 6 shows a first field 5 and a second field 7, as also shown in FIG. Using a visual sign representation 2, as shown in FIG. 1, three different visual tests can be carried out by means of the one visual sign representation 2. The optotypes 10a, 10b and 10c are perceivable only for the right eye. The first optotype in the form of the letter 10a is used to screen contrast vision, while the other five optotypes 10b are used for a per se known eye test and wherein the circular figure 10c is used to measure the cylinder refraction. When performing an eye test, it is checked in the upper row of the visual sign representation 2 according to FIG. 1 from the first optotype 10a to the last optotype 10c whether certain properties of the optotypes 10 are recognized. Thereafter, the second row of visual test chart 8 is checked, the optotypes 10 being smaller than the optotypes 10 of the first row. Finally, the third row continues the vision test, again with the optotypes 10 of this row smaller than the second row optotypes 10.
The use of an optotype representation 2 constructed from the first field 5 and the second field 7 according to the figure 7 is used to perform a binocular fine adjustment. In this case, a fusion element 18 'is present in the first field 5 and a fusion element 18 "in the second field 7, wherein the fusion elements 18', 18" can be perceived binocularly as a central fusion element using the optotype representation 2. In this case, 2 visual properties of the left and right eye can be checked by means of a single visual chart display. It is therefore not necessary to use two separate visual chart representations for testing the visual properties of the left eye and the right eye, respectively. If such an eye test is performed, the first row of the optotypes 12a, 12b of the field 5, which can be perceived by the left eye, for example, first be checked, first the first optotype 12a is checked in the form of a circular figure, while then with the five Optotypes in the form of letter 12b is continued. Then either the rows two to four of the field 5 can be continued or first the first row of the optotypes 19a, 19b of the field 7, which can be perceived by the right eye, is checked, whereby first the optotype in the form of the circular figure 19b is checked , while then the five Optptypen are tested in the form of letters 19a.
The invention is further characterized by:
Fig. 4 shows a left and a right image, which are combined to a 3D image on the playback monitor. The landscape, as well as the hot air balloons are stereoscopically seen. The hot air balloons are optotypes arranged at a certain stereo angle.
Fig. 5 shows a dominance test. It is checked which eye is the dominant eye when seeing. The hot air balloons are different right and left, each with a different figure (eg animal) provided.
Fig. 6 shows a visual chart in the 3D environment. The visual sample contains three different tests. The first letter is used to screen contrast vision, the other five are normal optotypes, the circle is used for cylinder refraction.
Fig. 7 is for binocular fine adjustment and shows optotypes only in a 3D environment without a white background, as in Fig. 3, to allow a relaxed vision into the far distance.

Claims

A method for the display of visual signs (2) via an image output device (4) for a visual acuity test and / or the determination of a refraction, characterized in that optotypes (10) are presented in a three-dimensional image (6) and an image separation is performed such that the optotypes ( 10) are monocular under binocular conditions, the three-dimensional image (6) being binocularly perceptible.
Method for the visual indication (2) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the image output device (4) is a 3D monitor or a 3D TV.
Method for the visual indication (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that filters are used for image separation with circular polarization or shutter glasses.
Method for visual sign representation (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the visual mark representation (2) is presented in such a way that both eyes are always viewed simultaneously without interruption by a cover disc, although each eye simultaneously has different optotypes ( 10) sees.
Method for the display of visual signs (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the three-dimensional image (6) extends as far as the vertically extending edges (20) of the image (6) or image output device (4).
Method for the visual indication (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optotypes (10) are arranged in a horizontal row.
A method of visual sign representation (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that a plurality of rows are arranged vertically one above the other.
Method for the display of visual signs (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a visual test chart (8) is displayed in the three-dimensional image (6), wherein the optotypes (10) are arranged within the visual test chart (8).
Sehzeichenderstellung (2), presented according to one of the methods according to claims 1 to 8.
Image output device (4), set up for visual indication (2) according to claim 9.
Use of an eye sign display (2) according to claim 9 in an eye test, in particular for visual acuity test and / or for determining the refraction.
Use according to claim 11, characterized in that the eye test is a binocular fine-tuning or a dominance test.
Use according to claim 11, characterized in that by means of optotypes (10) of a row three different eye tests are performed.
Use according to claim 13, characterized in that a first and a second of the three vision tests are a screening of contrast vision and cylinder refraction.
Use according to claim 11, characterized in that the eye test is a stereo test, wherein the optotypes (10) are stereoscopically seen during the vision test and / or are arranged at a certain stereo angle.