EP3063424A1

EP3063424A1 - Method for measuring a preloading force and bearing assembly for performing the method

Info

Publication number: EP3063424A1
Application number: EP14781051.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Alexander Hofmann; Rainer Gebauer
Original assignee: Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Current assignee: Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Priority date: 2013-10-29
Filing date: 2014-08-20
Publication date: 2016-09-07
Also published as: US20160215816A1; CN105658970A; CN105658970B; WO2015062593A1; US9915287B2; DE102013221942A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining at least one preloading force (K) acting between a carrying body (7) and a rolling-element bearing (2) of a bearing assembly (1), which rolling-element bearing is mounted on the carrying body, wherein the bearing assembly comprises the rolling-element bearing and the at least one sensor device (3), wherein the sensor device is arranged in or on the rolling-element bearing in an installation position (E1) and is coupled to an evaluating device (10) in a signalling manner, wherein the sensor device senses the preloading force, produces at least one signal (S) in accordance with the preloading force, and transmits the signal to the evaluating device, wherein the evaluating device evaluates the signal in order to measure the preloading force and the sensor device is permanently decoupled from the evaluating device after the evaluation of the signal.

Description

Method for measuring a preload force and

Bearing arrangement for carrying out the method

description

The invention relates to a method for measuring at least one biasing force acting between a shaft and a mounted on the shaft bearings of a bearing assembly. The invention also relates to a bearing arrangement for carrying out the method.

It is well known to provide force measuring means in operation of a rolling bearing mounted on a shaft to measure the forces acting on the rolling bearing. For example, laid-open specification DE 4218949 A1, which is probably the closest prior art, describes a force measuring bearing with a force measuring device. The force measuring device is designed as a force measuring foil trained sensor element with a profile thickness between 0.02 and 0.7 millimeters. It can be used in arbitrarily formed recesses on roller bearings or in associated with rolling bearings or the entire camp enclosing intermediate links. The force measuring foil can be used for detecting a static as well as a dynamic force measurement in the axial and in the radial direction. Field of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a method by which a rolling bearing with a defined biasing force can be inexpensively and reliably mounted on a shaft. This task will solved by a method for measuring the biasing force with the features of claim 1 and by a bearing assembly with the features of claim 9. Preferred or advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims of the following description and / or the attached figures.

It is proposed a method for determining at least one biasing force acting between a support body, and mounted on the support roller bearing of a bearing assembly. In particular, the method directly or indirectly or directly or indirectly measured an axial biasing force during and / or during assembly of the rolling bearing on the support body. For example, the support body is formed as a shaft or axis. The rolling bearing is preferably designed as a tapered roller bearing or ball bearing, in particular as an angular contact ball bearing. Preferably, the rolling bearing has an inner ring, a plurality of rolling elements and an outer ring.

The bearing arrangement comprises the rolling bearing and at least one sensor device. Optionally, the bearing arrangement comprises at least one evaluation device.

The sensor device is arranged in an installed position in or on the rolling bearing and is signal-technically coupled to the evaluation device. In particular, the sensor device can be connected to the evaluation device in the installed position and can be separated from it again. For this purpose, the sensor device preferably has a coupling interface and the evaluation device has a coupling counter interface.

The sensor device detects the biasing force during or after assembly of the rolling bearing on the support body. Depending on the detected prestressing force, the sensor device generates at least one signal and transmits it to the evaluation device, in particular via the coupling interface coupled to the coupling counterpart interface. The evaluation device evaluates the signal for measuring the preload force. Optionally, the evaluation device outputs the value of the prestressing force optically and / or acoustically. The sensor device is decoupled from the evaluation device permanently after the evaluation of the signal. In particular, the coupling interface is permanently disconnected from the coupling opposite interface.

By means of the method according to the invention, a process-reliable and favorable measurement and adjustment of the pretensioning force during assembly of the rolling bearing can be realized on the supporting body. It is particularly advantageous that the method is suitable for series production. A further advantage is that the rolling bearing together with the arranged in the installed position in the rolling bearing sensor device can be sold as a salable unit.

In a preferred implementation of the method, the sensor device remains after the transmission and / or evaluation of the signal in the installed position. In particular, the sensor device is decoupled from the evaluation device. Optionally, the sensor device and / or the coupling interface is destroyed during the decoupling of the evaluation device. Alternatively, it is possible within the scope of the invention for the sensor device to be destroyed during operation of the rolling bearing, for example by forces acting on the sensor device in the installed position, in particular by one or more rolling elements of the rolling bearing.

An alternatively possible preferred method step provides that the sensor device is removed after the transmission and / or evaluation of the signal from the rolling bearing. In particular, the sensor device is for this purpose in a loose installation position, whereby it is releasable from this tool-free. In particular, the sensor device is loosely inserted, inserted and / or inserted into the installation position. For example, it is possible for the sensor device by rotation of at least one of To remove rolling elements of the bearing from the mounting position. It is preferred that the sensor device has a grip aid, which is formed, for example, as a protruding from the sensor device flag. Preferably, the flag is accessible from outside the installation position, so that it can be grasped and the sensor device can be pulled out of the installation position.

An optional consideration in the context of the method is to reuse the sensor device after removal from the installation position during assembly of at least one further rolling bearing on one or the shaft. This has the advantage that costs for further sensor devices can be saved.

In a preferred embodiment, the sensor device is designed as a film, preferably as a measuring film, in particular as a polyvinylidene fluoride film (PVDF film). It is also possible that the sensor device is designed as a single-layered or multi-layered measuring strip or as a single-layered or multi-layered measuring plate. As a result, the sensor device is relatively thin and / or flexible and can be arranged in a simple manner and without function restricting effect on the rolling bearing in the installed position and optional permanently remain there. Alternatively, the sensor device can be designed as a measuring pin or measuring pin. This has the advantage that the sensor device can be fitted accurately and without the function of the rolling bearing can be arranged in at least one bore in the inner and / or outer ring of the bearing and optionally permanently can remain there.

The sensor device is designed, in particular in at least one of the described embodiments, as a sensor that operates piezoelectrically, inductively or with voltage optics. Alternatively, it is also possible that the sensor device is designed as a hydraulically and / or chemically operating sensor. For permanent retention in the installation position, the sensor device is preferably fastened cohesively in this. In particular, the sensor device is glued in the installation position. As a result, it can not be removed without destruction from the installation position. In the event that the sensor device remains permanently in the installed position, it is designed, for example, as a so-called lost sensor.

In a preferred constructional implementation of the invention, the sensor device is arranged on the inner ring and / or on the outer ring of the rolling bearing. In this case, the sensor device is arranged in particular on an axial surface and / or end face of the inner and / or outer ring. Alternatively or optionally additionally, the sensor device is arranged in a bore on the inner and / or outer ring. In the arrangement on the axial and / or end face, the sensor device is, for example, annular. Thus, a uniform pressure distribution can be ensured on the sensor device. In the arrangement of the sensor device in the bore of the inner and / or outer ring, this is preferably designed as the measuring pin or measuring pin.

Alternatively or optionally additionally, the sensor device is arranged on a raceway of at least one of the rolling bodies. In particular, the sensor device is arranged between the raceway and at least one rolling element of the rolling bearing. In this case, the sensor device is preferably designed as the foil or as the measuring strip. Since the sensor device in this embodiment preferably has a very small thickness, it is particularly suitable for the arrangement on the track. If the sensor device remains in the installed position after decoupling from the evaluation device and is not removed therefrom, the sensor device is usually destroyed by the continuous rolling of the rolling bearing (s), if this has not already been done by the decoupling.

It is also possible within the scope of the invention that the sensor device between see two, for example, in X- or O-arrangement arranged on the shaft bearings is positioned and there detects the biasing force.

In the arrangement of the sensor device on the raceway of the rolling bearing as an angular contact ball bearing, the axial preload force can be determined due to the oblique to the support body running surface of the rolling body. In the arrangement of the sensor device on the raceway of the rolling bearing as a tapered roller bearing, the running surface of the tapered rollers is conical. Due to the oblique design of the running surface in the angular contact ball bearing or the conical running surface in the tapered roller bearing these bearings take on both radial and axial loads. In particular, the axial preload force can be determined directly or indirectly by the detection and evaluation of the axial load. In an optional realization of the method, a plurality of sensor devices are arranged in a plurality of possibly also different mounting positions in or on the roller bearing. It is also possible that the plurality of sensor devices differ in their embodiment and / or mode of operation. By spatially resolved arrangement of the plurality of sensor devices in the multiple mounting positions different measuring points can be provided. This can in particular lead to safer and more accurate measurement results.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coupling cut parts of the sensor device is arranged accessible from outside the mounting position and / or formed. As a result, the evaluation device can be coupled in a simple manner to the sensor device via the coupling counterpart interface, in particular as part of series production. For example, the coupling interface is designed as a socket and the coupling counter interface as a plug. It is also possible that the coupling interface is designed as a protruding from the mounting position flag. For example, the corresponding coupling counter-interface is designed as a pair of pliers and / or as a clip. educated.

It is possible that the evaluation device can be decoupled from this without destroying the sensor device. It is also possible within the scope of the invention that the sensor device and / or the coupling interface is destroyed by the sensor device during decoupling of the evaluation device. This is the case in particular when the evaluation device is cut off, for example, by the sensor device. Another object of the invention relates to a bearing assembly, which is designed in particular for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 8 and / or according to the previous description. The bearing arrangement comprises the rolling bearing and the at least one sensor device. Optionally, the bearing arrangement also includes the evaluation device.

A preferred implementation of the bearing arrangement provides that the sensor device is arranged on the track at least one of the rolling elements. Alternatively or optionally additionally, the sensor device has a flag that is accessible from outside the installation position as the coupling interface and / or as the grip aid.

Optionally, after mounting on the shaft under measurement of the preload force, the rolling bearing has the sensor device remaining in the installed position and destroyed. This was optionally destroyed by the decoupling of the sensor device of the evaluation. Alternatively, the sensor device is destroyed during operation of the rolling bearing. Further features, advantages and effects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention. Showing: Figure 1 is a sectional view of a mounted on a shaft

Bearing arrangement with a rolling bearing and arranged in a first mounting position sensor device;

2 shows the bearing assembly of Figure 1, wherein the sensor device is coupled in the first installation position with an evaluation. Figure 3 is a plan view from the front of the bearing assembly

Fig. 2;

Figure 4 shows the bearing assembly of Figure 2, wherein the sensor device is arranged in a second mounting position.

FIG. 5 shows an alternatively formed sensor device; the mounted on the shaft bearing assembly of Figure 1 with the alternatively formed sensor device of Fig. 5; a flow chart for a method for determining the biasing force between a support body and a bearing mounted on the support roller bearings.

FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a bearing assembly 1 mounted on a support body 7. The support body 7 is formed as a shaft. The bearing assembly 1 is mounted by a shaft nut 8 with a defined axial biasing force K on the shaft 7.

The bearing arrangement 1 comprises a roller bearing 2 and a sensor device 3. The section line of the sectional view of FIG. 1 extends through a center point of the rolling bearing 2. The rolling bearing 2 has an inner ring 4, an outer ring 5 and a plurality of rolling elements 6. It is designed as a tapered roller bearing. Alternatively, the rolling bearing 2 can be formed as a ball bearing, in particular angular contact ball bearings.

The sensor device 3 is arranged in a first installation position E1 in or on the rolling bearing 2. The first mounting position E1 comprises the arrangement of the sensor device 3 on a front and / or axial surface 9 of the inner ring 4. In particular, the sensor device 3 between the shaft nut 8 and the end and / or axial surface 9 of the inner ring 4 is arranged. Alternatively, the sensor device 3 may also be arranged on the front and / or axial surface of the outer ring 5. The sensor device 3 is designed as a preferably thin measuring film, which is formed in particular from a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Due to the small thickness of the film, this can be used in a simple manner between the shaft nut 8 and the end and / or axial surface 9 of the inner ring 4, without restricting a functionality of the rolling bearing 2.

The sensor device 3 is designed as a piezoelectrically operating sensor. It detects the axial preload force K acting during the assembly of the roller bearing 2. The sensor device 3 generates at least one electrical signal S, in particular a measurable voltage, as a function of the detected axial preload force K due to the piezoelectric effect.

FIG. 2 shows the bearing arrangement 1 from FIG. 1 with an evaluation device 10 coupled to the sensor device 3. The bearing arrangement 1 optionally comprises the evaluation device 10.

The sensor device 3 is designed as the foil section and in the first installation bearing E1 on the axial and / or end face 9 of the inner ring 4 arranged. The sensor device 3 has a coupling interface 11, which is accessible from outside the first installation position E1 and via which it is coupled to the evaluation device 10. The coupling interface 1 1 is formed as a protruding flag.

The evaluation device 10 has a coupling counter-interface 12, via which the evaluation device 10 is connected to the sensor device 3 before and / or during assembly of the rolling bearing 2 on the shaft 7, so that an electrical connection is formed. The coupling counterpart parts 12 are configured as a pair of pliers connected via a cable or as a clip connected via the cable which engages the coupling interface 11, in particular the plume.

In the coupled state, the sensor device 3 transmits the signal, which is based on the biasing force K acting during assembly, to the evaluation device 10. This evaluates the signal S for measuring the pretensioning force K. The biasing force K is displayed on a display of the evaluation device 10, so that the rolling bearing 2 can be mounted on the shaft 7 quickly and easily with a defined axial preload force K, even in mass production.

FIG. 3 shows a plan view A from the front of the rolling bearing 2 from FIG. 2, in particular the axial and / or end face 9 of the inner ring 4. The sensor device 3 is annular, whereby it is arranged in the first installation position E1 fitting on the axial and / or end face 9 of the inner ring 4. The sensor device 3 is firmly bonded to the axial and / or end face 9, in particular adhesively bonded thereto. Trained as a flag coupling interface 1 1 stands out of the first mounting position E1 on the outer ring 5 of the rolling bearing 2 addition. The sensor device 3 is permanently decoupled from the evaluation device 10 after the measurement of the axial preload force K (FIG. 1).

Due to the integral fastening, the sensor device 3 is not Damage-free and / or non-destructive, removable from the first installation position E1. The sensor device 3 remains as shown, after the decoupling of the evaluation device 10, permanently in the first installation position E1. In this case, the sensor device 3 is designed as a lost sensor device 3. The lost sensor device 3 is destroyed by the decoupling or during operation of the rolling bearing 2. In particular, the bearing arrangement 1 (FIG. 1) then has a sensor device 3 which is no longer functional. Alternatively, the sensor device 3 is loosely arranged in the first installation position E1, so that after the mounting of the rolling bearing 2 with the measured biasing force K (FIG. 1) on the shaft 7 (FIG. 1) and after the decoupling of the evaluation device 10 from the first installation position E1 can be removed again. The coupling interface 1 1 designed as a flag acts as a grip aid for this purpose. After the sensor device 3 has been removed, it can be arranged in or on at least one further rolling bearing and thus be reused during the assembly of the further rolling bearing for detecting the axial pretensioning force K acting in the process.

FIG. 4 shows the bearing arrangement 1 with the sensor device 2 designed as a foil, wherein it is arranged in or on the rolling bearing 2 in a second installation position E2. In the second installation position E2, the sensor device 2 is arranged on a running surface 13 of at least one of the rolling bodies 6 of the roller bearing 2.

The tapered roller bearing 2 takes due to the tapered to the support body 7 extending tread 13 axial and radial loads. From the axial load, the axial preload force K can be determined directly or indirectly.

The sensor device 3 can on the tread 13 as already described for Fig. 3, be firmly bonded and after the measurement of the axial Preload force K (Fig. 1) and after assembly of the rolling bearing 2 are permanently decoupled from the evaluation. In this case, it can then remain in the second installation position. The rolling of the rolling element 6 destroys the sensor device 3, if this has not already been done by the decoupling of the evaluation device 10 (FIG. 2). Alternatively, the sensor device 3 may be loosely placed on the tread 13. Thus, after the measurement of the axial preload force K (FIG. 1) and after the mounting of the roller bearing 2, it can be permanently decoupled from the evaluation device 10 and removed from the second installation position E2. Possibly. For example, the sensor device 3 can be used again for the detection of the axial preload force K acting during the assembly of at least one further rolling bearing. FIG. 5 shows the sensor device 3 in an alternative embodiment, namely in the form of a measuring strip. In this embodiment, the sensor device 3 is formed as a capacitive sensor for detecting the axial biasing force K (FIG. 6) and for generating the signal S. The measuring strip has a socket as a coupling interface 1 1. The coupling counter interface 12 of the evaluation device 10 (FIG. 6) designed as a plug can be coupled to the socket.

FIG. 6 shows the sectional representation of the bearing arrangement 1 from FIG. 1, the sensor device 3 being designed as a measuring strip according to FIG. 5. As already described in FIGS. 1 and 2, the sensor device 3 is arranged on the axial and / or end face of the inner ring 4 in the first installation position E1. As already described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the sensor device 3 can be permanently decoupled from the evaluation device 10 after the assembly of the rolling bearing 2 with the defined axial prestressing force K. In this case, it may remain in the second installation position E2 after decoupling or be removed therefrom.

The sensor device 3 may alternatively also be a plate or pin be educated. In training as a pin or pin, the sensor device in holes of the inner and / or outer ring 4; 5 arranged. Alternatively or optionally additionally, the sensor device 3 may be designed as a chemical, hydraulic and / or voltage-optical sensor.

It is possible that a plurality of the bearing assembly 1 has a plurality of sensor devices 3, which in the same or different mounting positions E1; E2 are arranged in or on the rolling bearing 2. For example, the sensor devices 3 can be spatially resolved at different measuring points along the inner and / or outer ring 4; 5 and / or on the running surfaces 13 a plurality of rolling elements 6 may be arranged.

FIG. 7 shows a flow chart of a method for mounting the roller bearing 2 of the bearing arrangement 1 on the shaft 7 with a defined pretensioning force K. The method comprises the following steps:

14: the sensor device 2 is in the installation position E1; E2 arranged in or on the rolling bearing 2;

15: the sensor device 2 is signal-coupled with an evaluation device 10;

16: the sensor device 3 detects the biasing force K and generates the at least one signal S as a function of the biasing force K;

17: the sensor device 3 transmits the signal S to the evaluation device 10; 18: the evaluation device 10 evaluates the signal S for measuring the biasing force K;

19: the sensor device 3 is after the evaluation of the signal S permanently decoupled from the evaluation device 10; : optionally complementarily, the sensor device 3 remains permanently in the installation position E1; E2; Optionally, the sensor device 3 can be destroyed by the rolling bearing 2 during operation.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

I bearing arrangement

2 rolling bearings

3 sensor device

4 inner ring

5 outer ring

6 rolling elements

7 wave

8 shaft nut

9 Axial and / or face

10 evaluation device

I I coupling interface

12 negative feedback interface

13 tread

14 first step

15 second process step

16 third process step

17 fourth step

18 fifth process step

19 sixth process step

20 seventh optional process step E1 first installation position

E2 second installation position

K axial preload force

S signal

Claims

Patent claims

Method for determining a preload force (K) acting between a support body (7) and a rolling bearing (2) of a bearing arrangement (1) mounted on the support body (7), the bearing arrangement (1) comprising the rolling bearing (2) and at least one sensor device ( 3), wherein the sensor device (2) is in an installation position (E1; E2) in or on the rolling bearing

(2) is arranged and is coupled in terms of signals to an evaluation device (10), the sensor device (3) detecting the preload force (K), generating at least one signal (S) depending on the preload force (K) and the signal (S). the evaluation device (10), wherein the evaluation device (10) evaluates the signal (S) for measuring the preload force (K), characterized in that the sensor device (3) is permanently separated from the evaluation device (10) after the evaluation of the signal (S). ) is decoupled.

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor device (3) remains in the installation position (E1; E2) after the signal (S) has been evaluated.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor device (3) after evaluating the signal (S) from the Installation position (E1; E2) is removed.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor device (3) is designed as a film, as a measuring strip, as a plate or as a pin.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rolling bearing (2) has an inner ring (4), a plurality of rolling bodies (6) and an outer ring (5), the sensor device (3) being on the inner ring (4) and/or on Outer ring (5) is arranged.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor device (3) is arranged on a raceway (13) of at least one of the rolling bodies (6).

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor device (3) has a coupling interface (1 1) which is accessible from outside the installation position (E1; E2) for coupling to the evaluation device (10).

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor device (3) and/or the coupling interface (1 1) is destroyed when the evaluation device (10) is decoupled or during ongoing operation of the rolling bearing (2).

9. Bearing arrangement (1) in particular for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the bearing arrangement (1) comprises the rolling bearing (2) and the at least one sensor device (3).

10. Bearing arrangement (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the sensor device (3) is arranged on the raceway (13) of at least one of the rolling bodies (6) and / or that the sensor device (3) from outside the installation position (E1 ; E2) accessible

Coupling interface (1 1).