EP3062313A1 - Container for storing radioactive inventory and method for producing the container - Google Patents

Container for storing radioactive inventory and method for producing the container Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3062313A1
EP3062313A1 EP15156784.9A EP15156784A EP3062313A1 EP 3062313 A1 EP3062313 A1 EP 3062313A1 EP 15156784 A EP15156784 A EP 15156784A EP 3062313 A1 EP3062313 A1 EP 3062313A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
plastically deformable
deformable layer
inventory
container according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15156784.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3062313B2 (en
EP3062313B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Dr. Friedrich
Falk Böhme
Roland Hüggenberg
Joern Dr. Becker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GNS Gesellschaft fuer Nuklearservice mbH
Original Assignee
GNS Gesellschaft fuer Nuklearservice mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=52596791&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP3062313(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by GNS Gesellschaft fuer Nuklearservice mbH filed Critical GNS Gesellschaft fuer Nuklearservice mbH
Priority to LTEP15156784.9T priority Critical patent/LT3062313T/en
Priority to EP15156784.9A priority patent/EP3062313B2/en
Priority to ES15156784.9T priority patent/ES2616735T3/en
Priority to JP2016025884A priority patent/JP2016161571A/en
Priority to BR102016003387A priority patent/BR102016003387A2/en
Priority to US15/051,906 priority patent/US9604772B2/en
Priority to RU2016106659A priority patent/RU2016106659A/en
Priority to KR1020160022783A priority patent/KR20160104578A/en
Priority to CN201610107934.4A priority patent/CN105931690A/en
Publication of EP3062313A1 publication Critical patent/EP3062313A1/en
Publication of EP3062313B1 publication Critical patent/EP3062313B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3062313B2 publication Critical patent/EP3062313B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/02—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents specially adapted to protect contents from mechanical damage
    • B65D81/022—Containers made of shock-absorbing material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/08—Shock-absorbers, e.g. impact buffers for containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
    • B22D25/005—Casting metal foams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/70—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/015—Transportable or portable shielded containers for storing radioactive sources, e.g. source carriers for irradiation units; Radioisotope containers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/12—Closures for containers; Sealing arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a container for receiving radioactive inventory, comprising a container bottom, a container casing and a container lid.
  • the container encloses an interior for receiving the radioactive inventory.
  • Such containers are basically known from practice. It forms - under extreme circumstances - the connection of the container lid on the container jacket a relative vulnerability, since the compound should be designed often reversible. Under reversible connections are understood, for example, screw. Due to the very durable nature of the use of the containers, the containers must be designed for a whole range of extreme situations. This includes, for example, extreme vibration situations such as falls from several meters high. In such falls, the potential energy of the container transforms into deformation energy, whereby due to the massive designs of the container walls, the screws are the most heavily loaded. If the yield strength of the screws is exceeded, the screws are plastically deformed. The plastic deformation can lead to a leak in the container in extreme cases.
  • shock absorbers are hollow cylindrical and made of aluminum. In a case of several meters height on the horizontally impinging container lid (flat lid case) collide the fuel elements on the hollow cylindrical shock absorbers, whereby the latter plastically deformed like an accordion become. This plastic deformation of the shock absorber absorbs a significant part of the potential energy, so that the stresses in the screws are at least reduced to such an extent that no plastic deformations on the screws occur.
  • the hollow cylindrical shock absorbers are fastened from the prior art known from practice via further screw on the inside of the container lid. Consequently, threaded holes are required on the inside of the container lid, whereby the container lid loses stability.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a container of the type mentioned, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages can be avoided.
  • it is an object to further reduce the effort in the manufacture and assembly of the shock absorber.
  • the invention teaches a container for receiving radioactive inventory, comprising a container bottom, a container shell and a container lid, wherein the container encloses an interior space for receiving the radioactive inventory, wherein between the container lid and the inventory at least one plastically deformable Layer is arranged, wherein the plastically deformable layer is formed such that impact forces of at least a major part of the inventory on at least a major part of the surface of the plastically deformable layer are evenly distributed.
  • the radioactive inventory for example, pellets, shredded steel scrap and massive elements into consideration.
  • the radioactive inventory can also have at least one barrel or a plurality of barrels.
  • water may also be present in the container in particular. Therefore, the container for receiving radioactive inventory is suitable for fluid-tightly isolating the inventory from the environment.
  • the container is suitable for a sufficient radioactive shielding over correspondingly thick metallic container walls.
  • the container bottom and / or the container lid is reversibly or irreversibly connected to the container shell. Reversible connections represent, for example, screw. Irreversible connections are z. B. welded joints.
  • the container bottom is irreversibly connected to the container shell. It is advantageous that the container lid is reversibly connected to the container shell.
  • plastically deformable in the sense of the invention therefore means that the respective body is predominantly plastically deformable.
  • the hollow chambers may have regular geometric shapes such as honeycomb.
  • the hollow chambers may also be designed in the form of bubbles, so that the plastically deformable element is then a solidified foam.
  • the term "layer” may denote both a surface continuous element and a plurality of elements distributed over a surface.
  • the plastically deformable layer can thus assume very different surface shapes.
  • the plastically deformable layer may, for example, be a circle or a square or comprise a plurality of concentrically arranged rings.
  • the layer may be designed in the form of a chess board or in the form of a plurality of points. There are also combinations of different surface shapes possible.
  • the layer In order to be able to evenly distribute the impact forces, the layer must be continuous or the individual elements of the layer must be approximately equally strong. This ensures that the impact forces of the inventory are not selectively transferred too much to one or more protruding layer areas.
  • no solid bodies may be arranged between the plastically deformable layer regions or around them in such a way that the impact forces are transmitted in their entirety or in part to the container lid and thus the plastically deformable layer is bridged.
  • the plastically deformable layer is formed such that a plate can be placed on the plastically deformable layer, for example, which can evenly distribute the impact forces of at least a majority of the inventory on at least a majority of the surface.
  • major preferably means 50%, more preferably 75% and most preferably 100%.
  • the plastically deformable layer in the vertical direction has a specific energy absorption of 5 to 50 J / cm 3 , preferably from 15 to 40 and particularly preferably from 20 to 30 J / cm 3 .
  • the specific energy consumption is a significant volume-independent measure of the plastically deformable layer. The lower the specific Energy absorption is, the thicker the plastic deformable layer must be so that a corresponding amount of kinetic energy can be absorbed in the plastically deformable layer. However, the specific energy consumption can not be arbitrarily high, otherwise the stresses in the screws can be so great that occur in the screws plastic deformation.
  • the specified ranges of specific energy intake are largely independent of the design of the container and the inventory, so that they represent a basic statement about the nature of the plastically deformable layer.
  • the specific energy consumption can be adjusted above all through average hollow chamber volumes or via the corresponding material. The larger the hollow chamber volumes are, the harder must be the corresponding material system for a certain desired specific energy consumption and vice versa.
  • the plastically deformable layer is isotropically deformable.
  • isotropic means that the plastically deformable layer is roughly equally plastically deformable in all spatial directions.
  • An example of isotropic plastically deformable materials are solidified foams.
  • hollow-chamber structures with regular geometric dimensions, such as honeycomb chambers, are generally not isotropically deformable.
  • the plastically deformable layer is a metal foam.
  • the metal foam is advantageously closed-pored.
  • the plastically deformable layer comprises aluminum and, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, consists of aluminum foam or essentially consists of aluminum foam.
  • the aluminum foam consists of at least 90 wt .-%, preferably from at least 95 wt .-% and particularly preferably at least 97 wt .-% of aluminum.
  • the plastically deformable layer is an AlMgSi mixture.
  • the plastically deformable layer has residues of a propellant.
  • the plastically deformable layer contains residues of titanium.
  • the plastically deformable layer is encapsulated and / or coated.
  • the plastically deformable layer is encapsulated and closed-pored.
  • the encapsulation causes, in the case of a closed-cell metal foam microcracks counteracted, and so the plastically deformable layer is kept waterproof. The water-tightness prevents oxidation of the metal foam, as a result of which the metal foam has consistently good deformation properties over a long period of time.
  • the plastically deformable layer has a thickness of 30 to 200 mm, preferably 40 to 150 mm and particularly preferably 50 to 100 mm.
  • the density of the plastically deformable layer is preferably 0.1 to 2 g / cm 3 , more preferably 0.2 to 1.3 g / cm 3 and particularly preferably 0.5 to 0.9 g / cm 3 . It is expedient that the plastically deformable layer is circular or annular.
  • the plastically deformable layer is attached directly to the inside of the container lid.
  • the term "immediate” means that in particular no recordings enclose the plastically deformable layer and are arranged between the plastically deformable layer and the container lid.
  • the plastically deformable layer is integrally connected to the container lid.
  • the plastically deformable layer is integrally connected to the container lid.
  • the plastically deformable layer glued or welded to the container lid and particularly preferably the plastically deformable layer was formed on a foaming on the container lid. According to a further embodiment, the plastically deformable layer is fastened by means of screws on the container lid.
  • a lead shielding cover is interposed between the container lid and the plastically deformable layer.
  • the lead shielding cover is fastened by means of a flat retaining element, in particular by means of a retaining plate to the container lid.
  • the planar holding element or the retaining plate between lead shielding cover and plastically deformable layer is arranged and thus the aggregate of lead shielding cover and planar holding element or retaining plate between the container lid and the plastically deformable layer is positioned.
  • the plastically deformable layer is attached directly to the lead shielding cover or to the planar retaining element or to the retaining plate.
  • the attachment of the plastically deformable layer can be done with the help of screw.
  • the plastically deformable layer may alternatively or additionally be bonded to the lead shielding cover or to the planar retaining element.
  • the plastically deformable layer may be glued or welded onto the lead shielding cover or on the planar holding element and according to one embodiment, the plastically deformable layer may be formed on the lead shielding cover or on the planar holding element during foaming. That the plastically deformable layer in this embodiment is "directly" attached to the lead shielding cover or on the flat retaining element, according to a recommended embodiment means that in particular no recordings enclose the plastically deformable layer and are arranged between the plastically deformable layer and the lead shielding cover or the flat retaining element.
  • the plastically deformable layer is enclosed by an enclosure, in particular enclosed by a watertight enclosure.
  • the plastically deformable layer has been foamed in an enveloping form, in particular in a watertight enveloping form.
  • a lead shield inside the container is also provided on the container casing and on the container bottom. Then it is within the scope of the invention that the entire interior of the container is encapsulated by a lead shield.
  • the thickness of the lead shield is preferably between 20 and 140 mm.
  • the side walls of the plastically deformable layer at least partially adjacent to a fluid.
  • fluid means liquids and gases and in particular air or water.
  • the side walls of the plastically deformable layer are spaced from the inside of the container casing or from the inside of the lead shield on the container casing.
  • the distance between at least one side wall of the plastically deformable layer and the inside of the container casing or the inside of the lead shield is 0 to 100 mm, in particular 10 to 90 mm and preferably 20 to 90 mm.
  • a load distributor is arranged between the plastically deformable layer and the inventory. It is expedient that the load distributor is a load distributor plate. According to another embodiment, the load distributor is a basket lid enclosing the radioactive inventory. According to a further embodiment, the radioactive inventory itself is provided with a container lid facing and parallel surface. It is within the scope of the invention that the container lid facing and parallel surface of the radioactive inventory is formed by small-scale elements such as pellets.
  • the load distributor comprises a load distribution plate.
  • the load distribution plate of fine grain structural steel. It is preferable that the load distribution plate is 5 to 40 mm, more preferably 10 to 30 mm, and particularly preferably 15 to 25 mm thick.
  • the 0.2% proof stress of the load distribution plate is advantageously 600 to 1600 MPa, more advantageously 800 to 1400 MPa, and most preferably 1000 to 1200 MPa. These measures prevent in particular a punching of the load distributor.
  • the container lid is fastened to the container casing by means of reversible fastening means.
  • the reversible fastening means comprise screw connections.
  • the screws of the screw connections have external threads of expediently 24 to 64 mm, preferably from 30 to 56 mm and particularly preferably from 36 to 48 mm.
  • the container casing has a thickness of 100 to 350 mm, preferably from 120 to 250 mm and particularly preferably from 140 to 180 mm.
  • the interior height of the container is suitably from 0.5 to 10 m and preferably 0.5 to 5 m.
  • the interior height of the container is 0.6 to 2 m, in particular 0.7 to 1.5 m.
  • the container shell and the container bottom are of one piece. It is preferred that the container casing and the container bottom as well as the container lid have cast iron.
  • the cast iron is preferably of quality GGG 40.
  • the invention further teaches a method for producing a container for receiving radioactive inventory, in particular for producing a container according to the invention, wherein the container comprises a container bottom, a container shell and a container lid, wherein the container has an interior for receiving the radioactive Includes inventory, wherein between the container lid and the inventory at least one plastic moldable layer is arranged, wherein the plastically deformable layer is formed such that impact forces of at least a major part of the inventory evenly distributed over at least a major part of the surface of the plastically deformable layer.
  • the container according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention may also have an inside lead shield, wherein the lead shield is expediently arranged on the inside of the container lid and / or on the inside of the container jacket and / or on the inside of the container bottom.
  • the plastically deformable layer consists of a metal foam or substantially consists of a metal foam.
  • the plastically deformable layer consists of an aluminum foam or substantially of an aluminum foam.
  • the metal foam is foamed by means of a blowing agent.
  • the propellant is preferably titanium dihydride.
  • the foamed metal is connected in a material-bonded manner by foaming with the container lid or with the lead-shielding cover or with the planar holding element arranged on the lead-shielding cover.
  • the metal foam is also connected by the foaming with a load distributor cohesively.
  • the attachment or connection of the plastically deformable layer or of the metal foam can in principle also take place via screw connections.
  • the invention is based on the finding that the plastically deformable layer leads to a considerable simplification of the container. Another consequence is that the shock absorber in the form of the plastically deformable layer has a lower height, whereby more usable space is available.
  • the use of metal foam allows economical production of the shock absorber, which can absorb the kinetic energy almost completely.
  • the metal foams can be designed to be particularly durable. Load distributors allow an areal distribution of the impact forces and avoid punching through of the plastically deformable layer. As a result, the plastically deformable layer can be safely made even thinner.
  • a container according to the invention with a container bottom 2, a container casing 3 and a container lid 4 can be seen.
  • the container is hollow cylindrical and encloses an interior 5, in which a symbolically represented only radioactive inventory 1 is located.
  • the container is shown upside down to illustrate the situation of a flat cover case.
  • the container lid 4 is connected via screw 8 in the form of 24 M36 screws with the container shell 3.
  • the container walls 2, 3, 4 are made of cast iron of quality GGG 40.
  • the container casing 3 has a thickness of 160 mm, whereas the container bottom 2 and the container lid 4 have a thickness of 180 mm.
  • the hollow cylindrical interior 5 has a height of 1140 mm and has a diameter of 740 mm.
  • a plastically deformable layer 6 is attached in the form of an aluminum foam.
  • the aluminum foam was foamed by means of the propellant titanium dihydride. The applied during foaming heat energy led to the liquefaction of aluminum and at cooling of the aluminum foam at the same time to a mounting on the inside of the container lid 4.
  • foaming the aluminum foam of the plastically deformable layer 6 was bounded at the top by a load distributor 7 in the form of a load distribution plate. As a result, the load distributor 7 is connected to the aluminum foam in the same manner as the container lid 4.
  • the aluminum foam is about equally well plastically deformable in all spatial directions and therefore isotropic.
  • the aluminum foam is closed-pored and encapsulated for watertightness. It has a density of 0.7 g / cm 3 , a thickness of 70 mm and a diameter at a circular area of 585 mm.
  • the 0.2% proof stress of the load distributor 7 in the form of a circular load distribution plate made of fine grain structural steel is 1100 MPa.
  • the strength of the load distributor 7 is 20 mm.
  • FIG. 2 another embodiment of the container according to the invention is shown.
  • the same components as in Fig. 1 are here provided with corresponding same reference numerals.
  • This container according to Fig. 2 shows in comparison to the embodiment according to Fig. 1 an additional inner lead shield 9.
  • this lead shield 9 is arranged inside the container both on the container bottom and on the container casing and as lead shielding cover 10 on the container lid 4.
  • the lead shield cover 10 is held or fixed by means of a holding plate 11 on the container lid 4.
  • the plastically deformable layer 6 - preferably in the form of aluminum foam - and the container lid 4, the unit of lead shielding cover 10 and holding plate 11 interposed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Behälter für die Aufnahme von radioaktivem Inventar, umfassend einen Behälterboden, einen Behältermantel und einen Behälterdeckel. Der Behälter umschließt einen Innenraum zur Aufnahme des radioaktiven Inventars. Zwischen dem Behälterdeckel und dem Inventar ist wenigstens eine plastisch verformbare Schicht angeordnet. Die plastisch verformbare Schicht ist derart ausgebildet, dass Aufprallkräfte wenigstens eines Großteils des Inventars auf wenigstens einen Großteil der Fläche der plastisch verformbaren Schicht gleichmäßig verteilbar sind.The invention relates to a container for receiving radioactive inventory, comprising a container bottom, a container casing and a container lid. The container encloses an interior for receiving the radioactive inventory. At least one plastically deformable layer is arranged between the container lid and the inventory. The plastically deformable layer is designed such that impact forces of at least a majority of the inventory can be distributed uniformly over at least a majority of the surface of the plastically deformable layer.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Behälter für die Aufnahme von radioaktivem Inventar, umfassend einen Behälterboden, einen Behältermantel und einen Behälterdeckel. Der Behälter umschließt einen Innenraum zur Aufnahme des radioaktiven Inventars.The invention relates to a container for receiving radioactive inventory, comprising a container bottom, a container casing and a container lid. The container encloses an interior for receiving the radioactive inventory.

Derartige Behälter sind aus der Praxis grundsätzlich bekannt. Dabei bildet - unter extremen Umständen - die Verbindung des Behälterdeckels auf dem Behältermantel eine relative Schwachstelle, da die Verbindung häufig reversibel ausgestaltet sein soll. Unter reversiblen Verbindungen werden beispielsweise Schraubverbindungen verstanden. Aufgrund des sehr dauerhaften Charakters des Einsatzes der Behälter müssen die Behälter für eine ganze Reihe an Extremsituationen ausgelegt sein. Hierunter fallen beispielsweise auch extreme Erschütterungssituationen wie Stürze aus mehreren Metern Höhe. Bei solchen Stürzen wandelt sich die potentielle Energie des Behälters in Verformungsenergie um, wobei aufgrund der massiven Ausführungen der Behälterwände, die Schrauben am stärksten belastet werden. Wird die Streckgrenze der Schrauben überschritten, so werden die Schrauben plastisch verformt. Die plastische Verformung kann im Extremfall zu einer Undichtigkeit des Behälters führen.Such containers are basically known from practice. It forms - under extreme circumstances - the connection of the container lid on the container jacket a relative vulnerability, since the compound should be designed often reversible. Under reversible connections are understood, for example, screw. Due to the very durable nature of the use of the containers, the containers must be designed for a whole range of extreme situations. This includes, for example, extreme vibration situations such as falls from several meters high. In such falls, the potential energy of the container transforms into deformation energy, whereby due to the massive designs of the container walls, the screws are the most heavily loaded. If the yield strength of the screws is exceeded, the screws are plastically deformed. The plastic deformation can lead to a leak in the container in extreme cases.

Es ist aus der Praxis ferner bekannt, für Behälter mit Brennelementen plastisch verformbare Stoßdämpfer innerhalb des Behälters vorzusehen. Diese Stoßdämpfer sind hohlzylindrisch ausgeformt und bestehen aus Aluminium. Bei einem Fall aus mehreren Metern Höhe auf den waagerecht auftreffenden Behälterdeckel (Deckelflachfall) prallen die Brennelemente auf die hohlzylindrischen Stoßdämpfer, wodurch letztere ziehharmonikaartig plastisch verformt werden. Diese plastische Verformung der Stoßdämpfer nimmt einen erheblichen Teil der potentiellen Energie auf, so dass die Spannungen in den Schrauben zumindest soweit verringert werden, dass keine plastischen Verformungen an den Schrauben auftreten. Allerdings werden die hohlzylindrischen Stoßdämpfer aus dem aus der Praxis bekannten Stand der Technik über weitere Schraubverbindungen an der Innenseite des Behälterdeckels befestigt. Folglich sind Gewindebohrungen auf der Innenseite des Behälterdeckels erforderlich, wodurch der Behälterdeckel an Stabilität einbüßt. Außerdem erfordern die Herstellung der hohlzylindrischen Stoßdämpfer sowie deren Befestigung auf der Innenseite des Behälterdeckels einen gewissen Aufwand. Schließlich muss das Inventar in Form der Brennelemente mittels Führungsköpfen an den Stoßdämpfern geführt werden, damit sichergestellt ist, dass das Inventar nicht etwa an den Stoßdämpfern vorbeigleitet und so ungedämpft auf den Behälterdeckel prallt.It is also known from practice to provide for containers with fuel plastically deformable shock absorbers within the container. These shock absorbers are hollow cylindrical and made of aluminum. In a case of several meters height on the horizontally impinging container lid (flat lid case) collide the fuel elements on the hollow cylindrical shock absorbers, whereby the latter plastically deformed like an accordion become. This plastic deformation of the shock absorber absorbs a significant part of the potential energy, so that the stresses in the screws are at least reduced to such an extent that no plastic deformations on the screws occur. However, the hollow cylindrical shock absorbers are fastened from the prior art known from practice via further screw on the inside of the container lid. Consequently, threaded holes are required on the inside of the container lid, whereby the container lid loses stability. In addition, the production of hollow cylindrical shock absorbers and their attachment to the inside of the container lid require a certain effort. Finally, the inventory in the form of fuel elements must be guided by means of guide heads on the shock absorbers, to ensure that the inventory does not pass by the shock absorbers and bounced so undamped on the container lid.

Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Behälter der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, bei dem die vorstehend aufgezeigten Nachteile vermieden werden können. Insbesondere ist es Aufgabe, den Aufwand bei der Herstellung und Montage der Stoßdämpfer weiter zu verringern.In contrast, the invention has for its object to provide a container of the type mentioned, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages can be avoided. In particular, it is an object to further reduce the effort in the manufacture and assembly of the shock absorber.

Zur Lösung dieses technischen Problems lehrt die Erfindung einen Behälter für die Aufnahme von radioaktivem Inventar, umfassend einen Behälterboden, einen Behältermantel und einen Behälterdeckel, wobei der Behälter einen Innenraum zur Aufnahme des radioaktiven Inventars umschließt, wobei zwischen dem Behälterdeckel und dem Inventar wenigstens eine plastisch verformbare Schicht angeordnet ist, wobei die plastisch verformbare Schicht derart ausgebildet ist, dass Aufprallkräfte wenigstens eines Großteils des Inventars auf wenigstens einen Großteil der Fläche der plastisch verformbaren Schicht gleichmäßig verteilbar sind.To solve this technical problem, the invention teaches a container for receiving radioactive inventory, comprising a container bottom, a container shell and a container lid, wherein the container encloses an interior space for receiving the radioactive inventory, wherein between the container lid and the inventory at least one plastically deformable Layer is arranged, wherein the plastically deformable layer is formed such that impact forces of at least a major part of the inventory on at least a major part of the surface of the plastically deformable layer are evenly distributed.

Als radioaktives Inventar kommen beispielsweise Pellets, zerschnittener Stahlschrott und massive Elemente in Betracht. Das radioaktive Inventar kann auch zumindest ein Fass bzw. eine Mehrzahl von Fässern aufweisen. Neben dem radioaktiven Inventar kann sich insbesondere auch Wasser in dem Behälter befinden. Daher ist der Behälter für die Aufnahme von radioaktivem Inventar dazu geeignet, das Inventar fluiddicht von der Umgebung zu isolieren. Außerdem ist der Behälter zu einer ausreichenden radioaktiven Abschirmung über entsprechend dicke metallische Behälterwände geeignet. Der Behälterboden und/oder der Behälterdeckel ist reversibel oder irreversibel mit dem Behältermantel verbunden. Reversible Verbindungen stellen beispielsweise Schraubverbindungen dar. Irreversible Verbindungen sind z. B. Schweißverbindungen. Vorzugsweise ist der Behälterboden irreversibel mit dem Behältermantel verbunden. Es ist vorteilhaft, dass der Behälterdeckel reversibel mit dem Behältermantel verbunden ist.As a radioactive inventory, for example, pellets, shredded steel scrap and massive elements into consideration. The radioactive inventory can also have at least one barrel or a plurality of barrels. In addition to the radioactive inventory, water may also be present in the container in particular. Therefore, the container for receiving radioactive inventory is suitable for fluid-tightly isolating the inventory from the environment. In addition, the container is suitable for a sufficient radioactive shielding over correspondingly thick metallic container walls. The container bottom and / or the container lid is reversibly or irreversibly connected to the container shell. Reversible connections represent, for example, screw. Irreversible connections are z. B. welded joints. Preferably, the container bottom is irreversibly connected to the container shell. It is advantageous that the container lid is reversibly connected to the container shell.

Die allermeisten festen Körper sind zu einem gewissen Grade sowohl elastisch als auch plastisch verformbar. Der Ausdruck "plastisch verformbar" im Sinne der Erfindung meint daher, dass der jeweilige Körper überwiegend plastisch verformbar ist. Hierunter fallen insbesondere Hohlkammerstrukturen verschiedenster Art aus verschiedensten Materialien. Die Hohlkammern können regelmäßige geometrische Formen aufweisen wie etwa Waben. Die Hohlkammern können aber auch in Form von Blasen ausgebildet sein, so dass das plastisch verformbare Element dann ein verfestigter Schaum ist.The vast majority of solid bodies are to some extent both elastic and plastically deformable. The term "plastically deformable" in the sense of the invention therefore means that the respective body is predominantly plastically deformable. This includes, in particular, hollow-chamber structures of the most varied types of various materials. The hollow chambers may have regular geometric shapes such as honeycomb. However, the hollow chambers may also be designed in the form of bubbles, so that the plastically deformable element is then a solidified foam.

Der Begriff "Schicht" kann sowohl ein flächig durchgängiges Element bezeichnen als auch eine Vielzahl von über einer Fläche verteilten Elementen. Die plastisch verformbare Schicht kann somit ganz unterschiedliche Flächenformen annehmen. Die plastisch verformbare Schicht kann beispielsweise ein Kreis oder ein Quadrat sein oder mehrere konzentrisch zueinander angeordnete Ringe umfassen. Die Schicht kann in Form eines Schachbretts oder in Form einer Vielzahl an Punkten ausgestaltet sein. Es sind auch Kombinationen aus verschiedenen Flächenformen möglich.The term "layer" may denote both a surface continuous element and a plurality of elements distributed over a surface. The plastically deformable layer can thus assume very different surface shapes. The plastically deformable layer may, for example, be a circle or a square or comprise a plurality of concentrically arranged rings. The layer may be designed in the form of a chess board or in the form of a plurality of points. There are also combinations of different surface shapes possible.

Um die Aufprallkräfte gleichmäßig verteilen zu können, muss die Schicht durchgängig bzw. müssen die einzelnen Elemente der Schicht in etwa gleich stark ausgebildet sein. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass die Aufprallkräfte des Inventars nicht punktuell zu stark auf eine oder mehrere hervorstehende Schichtbereiche übertragen werden. Insbesondere dürfen zwischen den plastisch verformbaren Schichtbereichen bzw. um diese herum keine festen Körper derart angeordnet sein, dass die Aufprallkräfte zur Gänze bzw. zu einem Teil auf den Behälterdeckel übertragen werden und so die plastisch verformbare Schicht überbrückt wird. Insbesondere ist die plastisch verformbare Schicht derart ausgebildet, dass auf die plastisch verformbare Schicht beispielsweise eine Platte auflegbar ist, welche die Aufprallkräfte wenigstens eines Großteils des Inventars auf wenigstens einen Großteil der Fläche gleichmäßig verteilen kann. Der Begriff "Großteil" meint vorzugsweise 50 %, weiter vorzugsweise 75 % und besonders vorzugsweise 100 %. Durch eine derartige Ausgestaltung der plastisch verformbaren Schicht wird erreicht, dass die kinetische Energie des Aufpralls über eine besonders große Fläche verteilt werden kann, wodurch die plastisch verformbare Schicht entsprechend dünner gestaltet werden kann.In order to be able to evenly distribute the impact forces, the layer must be continuous or the individual elements of the layer must be approximately equally strong. This ensures that the impact forces of the inventory are not selectively transferred too much to one or more protruding layer areas. In particular, no solid bodies may be arranged between the plastically deformable layer regions or around them in such a way that the impact forces are transmitted in their entirety or in part to the container lid and thus the plastically deformable layer is bridged. In particular, the plastically deformable layer is formed such that a plate can be placed on the plastically deformable layer, for example, which can evenly distribute the impact forces of at least a majority of the inventory on at least a majority of the surface. The term "majority" preferably means 50%, more preferably 75% and most preferably 100%. By such a configuration of the plastically deformable layer is achieved that the kinetic energy of the impact can be distributed over a particularly large area, whereby the plastically deformable layer can be made correspondingly thinner.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die plastisch verformbare Schicht in senkrechter Richtung eine spezifische Energieaufnahme von 5 bis 50 J/cm3, vorzugsweise von 15 bis 40 und besonders vorzugsweise von 20 bis 30 J/cm3 aufweist. Die spezifische Energieaufnahme ist ein wesentliches volumenunabhängiges Maß der plastisch verformbaren Schicht. Je geringer die spezifische Energieaufnahme ist, umso dicker muss die plastische verformbare Schicht sein, damit entsprechend viel kinetische Energie in der plastisch verformbaren Schicht aufgefangen werden kann. Allerdings kann die spezifische Energieaufnahme nicht beliebig hoch sein, da sonst die Spannungen in den Schrauben so groß werden können, dass auch in den Schrauben plastische Verformungen auftreten. Die angegebenen Bereiche der spezifischen Energieaufnahme sind weitgehend unabhängig von der Ausgestaltung des Behälters und des Inventars, so dass sie eine grundsätzliche Aussage über die Beschaffenheit der plastisch verformbaren Schicht darstellen. Die spezifische Energieaufnahme kann vor allem über durchschnittliche Hohlkammervolumina bzw. über das entsprechende Material eingestellt werden. Je größer die Hohlkammervolumina sind umso härter muss das entsprechende Materialsystem für eine bestimmte gewünschte spezifische Energieaufnahme sein und umgekehrt.It is within the scope of the invention that the plastically deformable layer in the vertical direction has a specific energy absorption of 5 to 50 J / cm 3 , preferably from 15 to 40 and particularly preferably from 20 to 30 J / cm 3 . The specific energy consumption is a significant volume-independent measure of the plastically deformable layer. The lower the specific Energy absorption is, the thicker the plastic deformable layer must be so that a corresponding amount of kinetic energy can be absorbed in the plastically deformable layer. However, the specific energy consumption can not be arbitrarily high, otherwise the stresses in the screws can be so great that occur in the screws plastic deformation. The specified ranges of specific energy intake are largely independent of the design of the container and the inventory, so that they represent a basic statement about the nature of the plastically deformable layer. The specific energy consumption can be adjusted above all through average hollow chamber volumes or via the corresponding material. The larger the hollow chamber volumes are, the harder must be the corresponding material system for a certain desired specific energy consumption and vice versa.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die plastisch verformbare Schicht isotrop verformbar ist. Dabei meint der Begriff "isotrop" dass die plastisch verformbare Schicht in alle Raumrichtungen ungefähr gleich gut plastisch verformbar ist. Ein Beispiel für isotrope plastisch verformbare Materialien sind verfestigte Schäume. Hohlkammerstrukturen mit regelmäßigen geometrischen Abmessungen wie etwa Wabenkammern hingegen sind in der Regel nicht isotrop verformbar.It is within the scope of the invention that the plastically deformable layer is isotropically deformable. In this case, the term "isotropic" means that the plastically deformable layer is roughly equally plastically deformable in all spatial directions. An example of isotropic plastically deformable materials are solidified foams. However, hollow-chamber structures with regular geometric dimensions, such as honeycomb chambers, are generally not isotropically deformable.

Vorzugsweise ist die plastisch verformbare Schicht ein Metallschaum. Der Metallschaum ist vorteilhafterweise geschlossenporig. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die plastisch verformbare Schicht Aluminium aufweist und nach besonders bevorzugter Ausführungsform aus Aluminiumschaum besteht bzw. im Wesentlichen aus Aluminiumschaum besteht. Zweckmäßigerweise besteht der Aluminiumschaum aus zumindest 90 Gew.-%, bevorzugt aus zumindest 95 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt zu mindestens 97 Gew.-% aus Aluminium. Vorzugsweise ist die plastisch verformbare Schicht eine AlMgSi-Mischung. Weiter vorzugsweise weist die plastisch verformbare Schicht Reste eines Treibmittels auf. Sehr bevorzugt enthält die plastisch verformbare Schicht Rückstände von Titan.Preferably, the plastically deformable layer is a metal foam. The metal foam is advantageously closed-pored. It is within the scope of the invention that the plastically deformable layer comprises aluminum and, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, consists of aluminum foam or essentially consists of aluminum foam. Conveniently, the aluminum foam consists of at least 90 wt .-%, preferably from at least 95 wt .-% and particularly preferably at least 97 wt .-% of aluminum. Preferably, the plastically deformable layer is an AlMgSi mixture. Further preferably, the plastically deformable layer has residues of a propellant. Very preferably, the plastically deformable layer contains residues of titanium.

Es ist bevorzugt, dass die plastisch verformbare Schicht gekapselt und/oder beschichtet ist. Vorzugsweise ist die plastisch verformbare Schicht gekapselt und geschlossenporig. Die Kapselung bewirkt, dass im Falle eines geschlossenporigen Metallschaums Mikrorissen entgegen gewirkt, und so die plastisch verformbare Schicht wasserdicht gehalten wird. Durch die Wasserdichtigkeit wird eine Oxidation des Metallschaums vermieden, wodurch der Metallschaum auch über eine große Zeit hinweg konstant gute Verformungseigenschaften aufweist.It is preferred that the plastically deformable layer is encapsulated and / or coated. Preferably, the plastically deformable layer is encapsulated and closed-pored. The encapsulation causes, in the case of a closed-cell metal foam microcracks counteracted, and so the plastically deformable layer is kept waterproof. The water-tightness prevents oxidation of the metal foam, as a result of which the metal foam has consistently good deformation properties over a long period of time.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die plastisch verformbare Schicht eine Stärke von 30 bis 200 mm, vorzugsweise von 40 bis 150 mm und besonders vorzugsweise von 50 bis 100 mm aufweist. Die Dichte der plastisch verformbaren Schicht beträgt bevorzugt 0,1 bis 2 g/cm3, weiter bevorzugt 0,2 bis 1,3 g/cm3 und besonders bevorzugt 0,5 bis 0,9 g/cm3. Es ist zweckmäßig, dass die plastisch verformbare Schicht kreis- oder ringförmig ausgebildet ist.It is within the scope of the invention that the plastically deformable layer has a thickness of 30 to 200 mm, preferably 40 to 150 mm and particularly preferably 50 to 100 mm. The density of the plastically deformable layer is preferably 0.1 to 2 g / cm 3 , more preferably 0.2 to 1.3 g / cm 3 and particularly preferably 0.5 to 0.9 g / cm 3 . It is expedient that the plastically deformable layer is circular or annular.

Vorteilhafterweise ist die plastisch verformbare Schicht unmittelbar an der Innenseite des Behälterdeckels befestigt. Der Begriff "unmittelbar" meint, dass insbesondere keine Aufnahmen die plastisch verformbare Schicht umschließen und zwischen der plastisch verformbaren Schicht und dem Behälterdeckel angeordnet sind.Advantageously, the plastically deformable layer is attached directly to the inside of the container lid. The term "immediate" means that in particular no recordings enclose the plastically deformable layer and are arranged between the plastically deformable layer and the container lid.

Nach einer Ausführungsform ist die plastisch verformbare Schicht stoffschlüssig mit dem Behälterdeckel verbunden. Vorzugsweise ist die plastisch verformbareAccording to one embodiment, the plastically deformable layer is integrally connected to the container lid. Preferably, the plastically deformable

Schicht auf den Behälterdeckel geklebt oder geschweißt und besonders vorzugsweise wurde die plastisch verformbare Schicht bei einem Aufschäumen an dem Behälterdeckel angeformt. Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die plastisch verformbare Schicht mit Hilfe von Schrauben am Behälterdeckel befestigt.Layer glued or welded to the container lid and particularly preferably the plastically deformable layer was formed on a foaming on the container lid. According to a further embodiment, the plastically deformable layer is fastened by means of screws on the container lid.

Eine andere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen Behälterdeckel und der plastisch verformbaren Schicht ein Bleiabschirmungsdeckel zwischengeschaltet ist. Es liegt dabei im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass der Bleiabschirmungsdeckel mittels eines flächigen Halteelementes, insbesondere mittels eines Haltebleches an dem Behälterdeckel befestigt ist. In diesem Fall ist das flächige Halteelement bzw. das Halteblech zwischen Bleiabschirmungsdeckel und plastisch verformbarer Schicht angeordnet und somit ist das Aggregat aus Bleiabschirmungsdeckel und flächigem Halteelement bzw. Halteblech zwischen dem Behälterdeckel und der plastisch verformbaren Schicht positioniert. Vorteilhafterweise ist bei dieser Ausführungsform die plastisch verformbare Schicht unmittelbar an dem Bleiabschirmungsdeckel bzw. an dem flächigen Halteelement bzw. an dem Halteblech befestigt. Die Befestigung der plastisch verformbaren Schicht kann dabei mit Hilfe von Schraubverbindungen erfolgen. Die plastisch verformbare Schicht kann aber auch alternativ oder zusätzlich stoffschlüssig mit dem Bleiabschirmungsdeckel bzw. mit dem flächigen Halteelement verbunden sein. So kann die plastisch verformbare Schicht auf den Bleiabschirmungsdeckel bzw. auf das flächige Halteelement geklebt oder geschweißt sein und nach einer Ausführungsform kann die plastisch verformbare Schicht bei einem Aufschäumen an den Bleiabschirmungsdeckel bzw. an das flächige Halteelement angeformt sein. Dass die plastisch verformbare Schicht bei dieser Ausführungsform "unmittelbar" an dem Bleiabschirmungsdeckel bzw. an dem flächigen Halteelement befestigt ist, meint nach einer empfohlenen Ausführungsform, dass insbesondere keine Aufnahmen die plastisch verformbare Schicht umschließen und zwischen der plastisch verformbaren Schicht und dem Bleiabschirmungsdeckel bzw. dem flächigen Halteelement angeordnet sind.Another preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that between the container lid and the plastically deformable layer, a lead shielding cover is interposed. It is within the scope of the invention that the lead shielding cover is fastened by means of a flat retaining element, in particular by means of a retaining plate to the container lid. In this case, the planar holding element or the retaining plate between lead shielding cover and plastically deformable layer is arranged and thus the aggregate of lead shielding cover and planar holding element or retaining plate between the container lid and the plastically deformable layer is positioned. Advantageously, in this embodiment, the plastically deformable layer is attached directly to the lead shielding cover or to the planar retaining element or to the retaining plate. The attachment of the plastically deformable layer can be done with the help of screw. However, the plastically deformable layer may alternatively or additionally be bonded to the lead shielding cover or to the planar retaining element. Thus, the plastically deformable layer may be glued or welded onto the lead shielding cover or on the planar holding element and according to one embodiment, the plastically deformable layer may be formed on the lead shielding cover or on the planar holding element during foaming. That the plastically deformable layer in this embodiment is "directly" attached to the lead shielding cover or on the flat retaining element, according to a recommended embodiment means that in particular no recordings enclose the plastically deformable layer and are arranged between the plastically deformable layer and the lead shielding cover or the flat retaining element.

Grundsätzlich liegt es aber auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die plastisch verformbare Schicht von einer Umhüllung umschlossen ist, insbesondere von einer wasserdichten Umhüllung umschlossen ist. Weiterhin liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die plastisch verformbare Schicht in einer umhüllenden Form, insbesondere in einer wasserdichten umhüllenden Form aufgeschäumt wurde.In principle, however, it is also within the scope of the invention that the plastically deformable layer is enclosed by an enclosure, in particular enclosed by a watertight enclosure. Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention that the plastically deformable layer has been foamed in an enveloping form, in particular in a watertight enveloping form.

Nach einer empfohlenen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist eine Bleiabschirmung behälterinnenraumseitig auch an dem Behältermantel und an dem Behälterboden vorgesehen. Dann liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass der gesamte Innenraum des Behälters von einer Bleiabschirmung eingekapselt ist. Die Dicke der Bleiabschirmung liegt bevorzugt zwischen 20 und 140 mm.According to a recommended embodiment of the invention, a lead shield inside the container is also provided on the container casing and on the container bottom. Then it is within the scope of the invention that the entire interior of the container is encapsulated by a lead shield. The thickness of the lead shield is preferably between 20 and 140 mm.

Zweckmäßigerweise grenzen die Seitenwände der plastisch verformbaren Schicht wenigstens bereichsweise an ein Fluid an. Unter den Begriff "Fluid" werden Flüssigkeiten und Gase und insbesondere Luft bzw. Wasser verstanden. Es ist zweckmäßig, dass die Seitenwände der plastisch verformbaren Schicht von der Innenseite des Behältermantels oder von der Innenseite der Bleiabschirmung an dem Behältermantel beabstandet sind. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Abstand zwischen wenigstens einer Seitenwand der plastisch verformbaren Schicht und der Innenseite des Behältermantels bzw. der Innenseite der Bleiabschirmung 0 bis 100 mm, insbesondere 10 bis 90 mm und bevorzugt 20 bis 90 mm.Conveniently, the side walls of the plastically deformable layer at least partially adjacent to a fluid. The term "fluid" means liquids and gases and in particular air or water. It is expedient that the side walls of the plastically deformable layer are spaced from the inside of the container casing or from the inside of the lead shield on the container casing. Preferably, the distance between at least one side wall of the plastically deformable layer and the inside of the container casing or the inside of the lead shield is 0 to 100 mm, in particular 10 to 90 mm and preferably 20 to 90 mm.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist ein Lastverteiler zwischen der plastisch verformbaren Schicht und dem Inventar angeordnet. Es ist zweckmäßig, dass der Lastverteiler eine Lastverteilerplatte ist. Gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform ist der Lastverteiler ein Korbdeckel, welcher das radioaktive Inventar umschließt. Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist das radioaktive Inventar selber mit einer den Behälterdeckel zugewandten und parallelen Fläche versehen. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die dem Behälterdeckel zugewandte und parallele Fläche des radioaktiven Inventars durch kleinteilige Elemente wie etwa Pellets gebildet wird.According to a preferred embodiment, a load distributor is arranged between the plastically deformable layer and the inventory. It is expedient that the load distributor is a load distributor plate. According to another embodiment, the load distributor is a basket lid enclosing the radioactive inventory. According to a further embodiment, the radioactive inventory itself is provided with a container lid facing and parallel surface. It is within the scope of the invention that the container lid facing and parallel surface of the radioactive inventory is formed by small-scale elements such as pellets.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst der Lastverteiler eine Lastverteilerplatte. Zweckmäßigerweise ist die Lastverteilerplatte aus Feinkornbaustahl. Es ist bevorzugt, dass die Lastverteilerplatte 5 bis 40 mm, weiter bevorzugt 10 bis 30 mm und besonders bevorzugt 15 bis 25 mm stark ist. Die 0,2 %-Dehngrenze der Lastverteilerplatte beträgt vorteilhafterweise 600 bis 1600 MPa, weiter vorteilhafterweise 800 bis 1400 MPa und besonders vorteilhafterweise 1000 bis 1200 MPa. Diese Maßnahmen verhindern insbesondere ein Durchstanzen des Lastverteilers.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the load distributor comprises a load distribution plate. Conveniently, the load distribution plate of fine grain structural steel. It is preferable that the load distribution plate is 5 to 40 mm, more preferably 10 to 30 mm, and particularly preferably 15 to 25 mm thick. The 0.2% proof stress of the load distribution plate is advantageously 600 to 1600 MPa, more advantageously 800 to 1400 MPa, and most preferably 1000 to 1200 MPa. These measures prevent in particular a punching of the load distributor.

Es ist zweckmäßig, dass der Behälterdeckel mittels reversibler Befestigungsmittel an dem Behältermantel befestigt ist. Vorzugsweise umfassen die reversiblen Befestigungsmittel Schraubverbindungen. Die Schrauben der Schraubverbindungen weisen Außengewinde von zweckmäßigerweise 24 bis 64 mm, bevorzugt von 30 bis 56 mm und besonders bevorzugt von 36 bis 48 mm auf.It is expedient that the container lid is fastened to the container casing by means of reversible fastening means. Preferably, the reversible fastening means comprise screw connections. The screws of the screw connections have external threads of expediently 24 to 64 mm, preferably from 30 to 56 mm and particularly preferably from 36 to 48 mm.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass der Behältermantel eine Stärke von 100 bis 350 mm, vorzugsweise von 120 bis 250 mm und besonders vorzugsweise von 140 bis 180 mm aufweist. Die Innenraumhöhe des Behälters beträgt zweckmäßigerweise von 0,5 bis 10 m und bevorzugt 0,5 bis 5 m. Nach besonders bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt die Innenraumhöhe des Behälters 0,6 bis 2 m, insbesondere 0,7 bis 1,5 m. Vorzugsweise sind der Behältermantel und der Behälterboden aus einem Guss. Es ist bevorzugt, dass der Behältermantel und der Behälterboden sowie auch der Behälterdeckel Gusseisen aufweisen. Das Gusseisen ist bevorzugt der Qualität GGG 40 zuzurechnen.It is within the scope of the invention that the container casing has a thickness of 100 to 350 mm, preferably from 120 to 250 mm and particularly preferably from 140 to 180 mm. The interior height of the container is suitably from 0.5 to 10 m and preferably 0.5 to 5 m. To Particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the interior height of the container is 0.6 to 2 m, in particular 0.7 to 1.5 m. Preferably, the container shell and the container bottom are of one piece. It is preferred that the container casing and the container bottom as well as the container lid have cast iron. The cast iron is preferably of quality GGG 40.

Zur Lösung des Problems lehrt die Erfindung ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Behälters für die Aufnahme von radioaktivem Inventar, insbesondere zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Behälters, wobei der Behälter einen Behälterboden, einen Behältermantel und einen Behälterdeckel umfasst, wobei der Behälter einen Innenraum zur Aufnahme des radioaktiven Inventars umschließt, wobei zwischen dem Behälterdeckel und dem Inventar wenigstens eine plastische formbare Schicht angeordnet wird, wobei die plastisch verformbare Schicht derart ausgebildet wird, dass Aufprallkräfte wenigstens eines Großteils des Inventars auf wenigstens einen Großteil der Fläche der plastisch verformbaren Schicht gleichmäßig verteilbar sind. Wie oben bereits dargelegt, kann der Behälter nach besonders bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung auch eine innenseitige Bleiabschirmung aufweisen, wobei die Bleiabschirmung zweckmäßigerweise an der Innenseite des Behälterdeckels und/oder an der Innenseite des Behältermantels und/oder an der Innenseite des Behälterbodens angeordnet ist.To solve the problem, the invention further teaches a method for producing a container for receiving radioactive inventory, in particular for producing a container according to the invention, wherein the container comprises a container bottom, a container shell and a container lid, wherein the container has an interior for receiving the radioactive Includes inventory, wherein between the container lid and the inventory at least one plastic moldable layer is arranged, wherein the plastically deformable layer is formed such that impact forces of at least a major part of the inventory evenly distributed over at least a major part of the surface of the plastically deformable layer. As already explained above, the container according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention may also have an inside lead shield, wherein the lead shield is expediently arranged on the inside of the container lid and / or on the inside of the container jacket and / or on the inside of the container bottom.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die plastisch verformbare Schicht aus einem Metallschaum besteht bzw. im Wesentlichen aus einem Metallschaum besteht. Gemäß besonders empfohlener Ausführungsform besteht die plastisch verformbare Schicht aus einem Aluminiumschaum bzw. im Wesentlichen aus einem Aluminiumschaum. Vorzugsweise wird der Metallschaum mittels eines Treibmittels aufgeschäumt. Das Treibmittel ist bevorzugt Titandihydrid. Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Metallschaum durch das Aufschäumen mit dem Behälterdeckel oder mit dem Bleiabschirmungsdeckel bzw. mit dem am Bleiabschirmungsdeckel angeordneten flächigen Halteelement stoffschlüssig verbunden. Vorzugsweise wird der Metallschaum durch das Aufschäumen auch mit einem Lastverteiler stoffschlüssig verbunden. Die Befestigung bzw. Verbindung der plastisch verformbaren Schicht bzw. des Metallschaums kann grundsätzlich auch über Schraubverbindungen stattfinden.It is within the scope of the invention that the plastically deformable layer consists of a metal foam or substantially consists of a metal foam. According to a particularly recommended embodiment, the plastically deformable layer consists of an aluminum foam or substantially of an aluminum foam. Preferably, the metal foam is foamed by means of a blowing agent. The propellant is preferably titanium dihydride. According to In a particularly preferred embodiment, the foamed metal is connected in a material-bonded manner by foaming with the container lid or with the lead-shielding cover or with the planar holding element arranged on the lead-shielding cover. Preferably, the metal foam is also connected by the foaming with a load distributor cohesively. The attachment or connection of the plastically deformable layer or of the metal foam can in principle also take place via screw connections.

Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass die plastisch verformbare Schicht zu einer erheblichen Vereinfachung des Behälters führt. Eine weitere Folge ist, dass der Stoßdämpfer in Form der plastisch verformbaren Schicht eine geringere Höhe aufweist, wodurch mehr nutzbarer Raum zur Verfügung steht. Insbesondere erlaubt die Verwendung von Metallschaum eine wirtschaftliche Herstellung des Stoßdämpfers, welcher die kinetische Energie nahezu vollständig aufnehmen kann. Mittels Kapselungen oder Beschichtungen können die Metallschäume besonders langlebig gestaltet werden. Lastverteiler erlauben eine flächige Verteilung der Aufprallkräfte und vermeiden ein Durchstanzen der plastisch verformbaren Schicht. Hierdurch kann die plastisch verformbare Schicht gefahrlos noch dünner gestaltet werden.The invention is based on the finding that the plastically deformable layer leads to a considerable simplification of the container. Another consequence is that the shock absorber in the form of the plastically deformable layer has a lower height, whereby more usable space is available. In particular, the use of metal foam allows economical production of the shock absorber, which can absorb the kinetic energy almost completely. By encapsulation or coatings, the metal foams can be designed to be particularly durable. Load distributors allow an areal distribution of the impact forces and avoid punching through of the plastically deformable layer. As a result, the plastically deformable layer can be safely made even thinner.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt in schematischer Darstellung:

Fig. 1
einen Querschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Behälters,
Fig. 2
den Gegenstand gemäß Fig. 1 in einer anderen Ausführungsform und
Fig. 3
den Gegenstand nach Fig. 1 in einer weiteren Ausführungsform.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing showing only one exemplary embodiment. It shows in a schematic representation:
Fig. 1
a cross section of a container according to the invention,
Fig. 2
the object according to Fig. 1 in another embodiment and
Fig. 3
the object after Fig. 1 in a further embodiment.

In Fig. 1 ist ein erfindungsgemäßer Behälter mit einem Behälterboden 2, einem Behältermantel 3 und einem Behälterdeckel 4 ersichtlich. Der Behälter ist hohlzylindrisch ausgeführt und umschließt einen Innenraum 5, in welchem ein nur symbolisch dargestelltes radioaktives Inventar 1 befindlich ist. Der Behälter ist kopfüber dargestellt, um die Situation eines Deckelflachfalls zu verdeutlichen. Im Zeitpunkt des Aufpralls auf eine massive Unterlage trifft das Inventar 1 zeitlich verzögert auf den Behälterdeckel 4 auf, weshalb erhebliche Kräfte auf den Behälterdeckel 4 einwirken. Der Behälterdeckel 4 ist über Schraubverbindungen 8 in Form von 24 M36-Schrauben mit dem Behältermantel 3 verbunden. Die Behälterwände 2, 3, 4 bestehen aus Gusseisen der Qualität GGG 40. Der Behältermantel 3 weist eine Dicke von 160 mm auf, wohingegen der Behälterboden 2 und der Behälterdeckel 4 eine Dicke von jeweils 180 mm aufweisen. Der hohlzylindrische Innenraum 5 weist eine Höhe von 1140 mm auf und besitzt einen Durchmesser von 740 mm.In Fig. 1 a container according to the invention with a container bottom 2, a container casing 3 and a container lid 4 can be seen. The container is hollow cylindrical and encloses an interior 5, in which a symbolically represented only radioactive inventory 1 is located. The container is shown upside down to illustrate the situation of a flat cover case. At the time of the impact on a massive surface, the inventory 1 applies to the container lid 4 delayed in time, which is why considerable forces act on the container lid 4. The container lid 4 is connected via screw 8 in the form of 24 M36 screws with the container shell 3. The container walls 2, 3, 4 are made of cast iron of quality GGG 40. The container casing 3 has a thickness of 160 mm, whereas the container bottom 2 and the container lid 4 have a thickness of 180 mm. The hollow cylindrical interior 5 has a height of 1140 mm and has a diameter of 740 mm.

Auf der Innenseite des Behälterdeckels 4 ist eine plastisch verformbare Schicht 6 in Form eines Aluminiumschaums befestigt. Der Aluminiumschaum wurde mittels des Treibmittels Titandihydrid aufgeschäumt. Die beim Aufschäumen aufgewendete Wärmeenergie führte zur Verflüssigung des Aluminiums und bei Erkalten des Aluminiumschaums zugleich auch zu einer Befestigung an der Innenseite des Behälterdeckels 4. Beim Aufschäumen wurde der Aluminiumschaum der plastisch verformbaren Schicht 6 nach oben hin durch einen Lastverteiler 7 in Form einer Lastverteilerplatte begrenzt. Demzufolge ist der Lastverteiler 7 auf die gleiche Weise wie der Behälterdeckel 4 mit dem Aluminiumschaum verbunden.On the inside of the container lid 4, a plastically deformable layer 6 is attached in the form of an aluminum foam. The aluminum foam was foamed by means of the propellant titanium dihydride. The applied during foaming heat energy led to the liquefaction of aluminum and at cooling of the aluminum foam at the same time to a mounting on the inside of the container lid 4. When foaming the aluminum foam of the plastically deformable layer 6 was bounded at the top by a load distributor 7 in the form of a load distribution plate. As a result, the load distributor 7 is connected to the aluminum foam in the same manner as the container lid 4.

Der Aluminiumschaum ist in alle Raumrichtungen ungefähr gleich gut plastisch verformbar und daher isotrop. Der Aluminiumschaum ist geschlossenporig und zwecks Wasserdichtheit gekapselt. Er weist eine Dichte von 0,7 g/cm3, eine Stärke von 70 mm sowie einen Durchmesser bei einer kreisförmigen Fläche von 585 mm auf. Die 0,2 %-Dehngrenze des Lastverteilers 7 in Form einer kreisförmigen Lastverteilerplatte aus Feinkornbaustahl beträgt 1100 MPa. Die Stärke des Lastverteilers 7 beträgt 20 mm.The aluminum foam is about equally well plastically deformable in all spatial directions and therefore isotropic. The aluminum foam is closed-pored and encapsulated for watertightness. It has a density of 0.7 g / cm 3 , a thickness of 70 mm and a diameter at a circular area of 585 mm. The 0.2% proof stress of the load distributor 7 in the form of a circular load distribution plate made of fine grain structural steel is 1100 MPa. The strength of the load distributor 7 is 20 mm.

In Fig. 2 ist eine andere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Behälters dargestellt. Die gleichen Komponenten wie in Fig. 1 sind hier mit entsprechenden gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Dieser Behälter gemäß Fig. 2 weist im Vergleich zu der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 eine zusätzliche innere Bleiabschirmung 9 auf. Dabei ist diese Bleiabschirmung 9 behälterinnenseitig sowohl am Behälterboden als auch am Behältermantel sowie als Bleiabschirmungsdeckel 10 am Behälterdeckel 4 angeordnet. Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 wird der Bleiabschirmungsdeckel 10 mittels eines Haltebleches 11 am Behälterdeckel 4 gehalten bzw. fixiert. Zweckmäßigerweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 ist also zwischen der plastisch verformbaren Schicht 6 - bevorzugt in Form des Aluminiumschaums - und dem Behälterdeckel 4 das Aggregat aus Bleiabschirmungsdeckel 10 und Halteblech 11 zwischengeschaltet.In Fig. 2 another embodiment of the container according to the invention is shown. The same components as in Fig. 1 are here provided with corresponding same reference numerals. This container according to Fig. 2 shows in comparison to the embodiment according to Fig. 1 an additional inner lead shield 9. In this case, this lead shield 9 is arranged inside the container both on the container bottom and on the container casing and as lead shielding cover 10 on the container lid 4. In the embodiment according to Fig. 2 the lead shield cover 10 is held or fixed by means of a holding plate 11 on the container lid 4. Appropriately and according to the embodiment Fig. 2 So is between the plastically deformable layer 6 - preferably in the form of aluminum foam - and the container lid 4, the unit of lead shielding cover 10 and holding plate 11 interposed.

In der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 3 wird auf das Halteblech 11 verzichtet. Stattdessen wird hier der Bleiabschirmungsdeckel 10 mit Hilfe des Lastverteilers 7 bzw. mit Hilfe der Lastverteilerplatte am Behälterdeckel 4 gehalten bzw. fixiert. Entsprechende in Fig. 3 angeordnete Schraubverbindungen reichen hier von dem Lastverteiler 7 bzw. von der Lastverteilerplatte bis in den Behälterdeckel 4.In the embodiment according to Fig. 3 is dispensed to the holding plate 11. Instead, the lead shielding cover 10 is held or fixed here by means of the load distributor 7 or with the aid of the load distribution plate on the container lid 4. Corresponding in Fig. 3 arranged screw connections reach here from the load distributor 7 or from the load distribution plate into the container lid. 4

Claims (16)

Behälter für die Aufnahme von radioaktivem Inventar (1), umfassend einen Behälterboden (2), einen Behältermantel (3) und einen Behälterdeckel (4), wobei der Behälter einen Innenraum (5) zur Aufnahme des radioaktiven Inventars (1) umschließt, wobei zwischen dem Behälterdeckel (4) und dem Inventar (1) wenigstens eine plastisch verformbare Schicht (6) angeordnet ist, wobei die plastisch verformbare Schicht (6) derart ausgebildet ist, dass Aufprallkräfte wenigstens eines Großteils des Inventars (1) auf wenigstens einen Großteil der Fläche der plastisch verformbaren Schicht (6) gleichmäßig verteilbar sind.Container for holding radioactive inventory (1), comprising a container bottom (2), a container casing (3) and a container lid (4), the container enclosing an interior (5) for receiving the radioactive inventory (1), wherein between at least one plastically deformable layer (6) is arranged on the container lid (4) and the inventory (1), wherein the plastically deformable layer (6) is designed such that impact forces of at least a majority of the inventory (1) on at least a majority of the area the plastically deformable layer (6) are evenly distributed. Behälter nach Anspruch 1, wobei die plastisch verformbare Schicht (6) in senkrechter Richtung eine spezifische Energieaufnahme von 10 bis 50 J/cm3, vorzugsweise von 15 bis 40 J/cm3 und besonders vorzugsweise von 20 bis 30 J/cm3 aufweist.A container according to claim 1, wherein the plastically deformable layer (6) in the vertical direction has a specific energy uptake of 10 to 50 J / cm 3 , preferably 15 to 40 J / cm 3 and more preferably 20 to 30 J / cm 3 . Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei die plastisch verformbare Schicht (6) isotrop verformbar ist.Container according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the plastically deformable layer (6) is isotropically deformable. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die plastisch verformbare Schicht (6) ein Metallschaum ist.A container according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plastically deformable layer (6) is a metal foam. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die plastisch verformbare Schicht (6) Aluminium aufweist.A container according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plastically deformable layer (6) comprises aluminum. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die plastisch verformbare Schicht (6) gekapselt und/oder beschichtet ist.A container according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plastically deformable layer (6) is encapsulated and / or coated. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die plastisch verformbare Schicht (6) eine Stärke von 30 bis 200 mm, vorzugsweise von 40 bis 150 mm und besonders vorzugsweise von 50 bis 100 mm aufweist.Container according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plastically deformable layer (6) has a thickness of 30 to 200 mm, preferably from 40 to 150 mm and particularly preferably from 50 to 100 mm. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die plastisch verformbare Schicht (6) kreis- oder ringförmig ausgebildet ist.Container according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the plastically deformable layer (6) is circular or annular. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die plastisch verformbare Schicht (6) unmittelbar an der Innenseite des Behälterdeckels (4) befestigt ist.A container according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the plastically deformable layer (6) is attached directly to the inside of the container lid (4). Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei zwischen der plastisch verformbaren Schicht (6) und dem Behälterdeckel (4) ein Bleiabschirmungsdeckel (10) - und vorzugsweise ein flächiges Halteelement des Bleiabschirmungsdeckels (10) - zwischengeschaltet ist und wobei die plastisch verformbare Schicht (6) unmittelbar am Bleiabschirmungsdeckel (10) bzw. an dem flächigen Halteelement befestigt ist.Container according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein between the plastically deformable layer (6) and the container lid (4) a lead shielding cover (10) - and preferably a flat holding element of the lead shielding cover (10) - interposed and wherein the plastically deformable layer ( 6) is attached directly to the lead shield cover (10) or to the flat retaining element. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die Seitenwände der plastisch verformbaren Schicht (6) wenigstens bereichsweise an ein Fluid angrenzen.Container according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the side walls of the plastically deformable layer (6) at least partially adjacent to a fluid. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei ein Lastverteiler (7) zwischen der plastisch verformbaren Schicht (6) und dem Inventar (1) angeordnet ist.Container according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a load distributor (7) between the plastically deformable layer (6) and the inventory (1) is arranged. Behälter nach Anspruch 12, wobei der Lastverteiler (7) eine Lastverteilerplatte umfasst.A container according to claim 12, wherein the load distributor (7) comprises a load distribution plate. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei der Behälterdeckel (4) mittels reversibler Befestigungsmittel an dem Behältermantel (3) befestigt ist.Container according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the container lid (4) by means of reversible fastening means to the container shell (3) is attached. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, wobei der Behältermantel (3) eine Stärke von 100 bis 350 mm, vorzugsweise von 120 bis 250 mm und besonders vorzugsweise von 140 bis 180 mm aufweist.Container according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the container casing (3) has a thickness of 100 to 350 mm, preferably from 120 to 250 mm and particularly preferably from 140 to 180 mm. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Behälters für die Aufnahme von radioaktivem Inventar (1), insbesondere zur Herstellung eines Behälters gemäß wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, wobei der Behälter einen Behälterboden (2), einen Behältermantel (3) und einen Behälterdeckel (4) umfasst, wobei der Behälter einen Innenraum (5) zur Aufnahme des radioaktiven Inventars (1) umschließt, wobei zwischen dem Behälterdeckel (4) und dem Inventar (1) wenigstens eine plastisch verformbare Schicht (6) angeordnet wird, wobei die plastisch verformbare Schicht (6) derart ausgebildet wird, dass Aufprallkräfte wenigstens eines Großteils des Inventars (1) auf wenigstens einen Großteil der Fläche der plastisch verformbaren Schicht (6) gleichmäßig verteilbar sind.Method for producing a container for receiving radioactive inventory (1), in particular for producing a container according to at least one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the container comprises a container bottom (2), a container casing (3) and a container lid (4) wherein the container encloses an interior (5) for receiving the radioactive inventory (1), wherein between the container lid (4) and the inventory (1) at least one plastically deformable layer (6) is arranged, wherein the plastically deformable layer (6 ) is formed such that impact forces of at least a majority of the inventory (1) on at least a major part of the surface of the plastically deformable layer (6) are evenly distributed.
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LTEP15156784.9T LT3062313T (en) 2015-02-26 2015-02-26 Container for storing radioactive inventory and method for producing the container
EP15156784.9A EP3062313B2 (en) 2015-02-26 2015-02-26 Container for storing radioactive inventory and method for producing the container
ES15156784.9T ES2616735T3 (en) 2015-02-26 2015-02-26 Container destined to receive a radioactive inventory and procedure to manufacture said container
JP2016025884A JP2016161571A (en) 2015-02-26 2016-02-15 Container for accommodating radioactivity inventory, and method of manufacturing container
BR102016003387A BR102016003387A2 (en) 2015-02-26 2016-02-18 container for radioactive material as well as method for producing a container
US15/051,906 US9604772B2 (en) 2015-02-26 2016-02-24 Container for radioactive inventory and method of making same
RU2016106659A RU2016106659A (en) 2015-02-26 2016-02-25 CONTAINER FOR PLACING RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CONTAINER
KR1020160022783A KR20160104578A (en) 2015-02-26 2016-02-25 Container for radioactive inventory and method of making the container
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EP3062313B2 (en) 2024-03-06
RU2016106659A3 (en) 2019-09-05
RU2016106659A (en) 2017-08-30
EP3062313B1 (en) 2017-02-01

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