Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
  • F03D3/06—Rotors
  • F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
  • F03D3/06—Rotors
  • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2240/00—Components
  • F05B2240/20—Rotors
  • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
  • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the technical field of apparatus for capturing the energy of a fluid in motion, and it is particularly aimed at wind turbines capable of transforming wind energy into mechanical or electrical energy.
• the object of the invention relates to a wind turbine with a vertical or substantially vertical axis of rotation.
• Vertical-axis wind turbines have a number of advantages over horizontal-axis wind turbines, such as the lack of a mechanism to direct them in the direction of the wind, correct operation even with a rapidly changing wind. orientation, and a static positioning of the electric generator facilitating the electrical connection.
• the patent application FR 2 567 588 describes a vertical axis wind turbine to eliminate the use of the auxiliary start-up system while increasing the yield.
• the wind turbine described by this document comprises a support structure for blades in the form of a vertical axis of rotation radially equipped with arms at the end of which are fixed blades.
• Each blade comprises on the one hand, a wing having a leading edge connected to a trailing edge by a body delimiting an outer face and an inner face and, on the other hand, a deflector extending away from the edge of the blade. wing attack.
• This wind turbine has poor performance and is not designed to start alone.
• Patent application WO 2010/125599 also describes a wind turbine having a series of blades mounted at the end of arms extending radially from a rotatably driven shaft. Each blade comprises on the one hand, a wing and on the other hand a deflector extending facing the inner face of the wing and in a profile identical to the inner face of the wing in order to delimit a corridor of width constant.
• This wind turbine is designed to allow the self-starting of the rotor even in case of wind at low speed.
• this wind turbine does not have a good performance and can not start in practice with a low wind speed,
• the object of the invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks of prior technical solutions by proposing a new wind turbine rotor designed to allow starting without the need for an assistance or auxiliary system, even in case of low speed winds, any by achieving a high yield.
• the invention thus relates to a rotor for vertical axis wind turbine having a support structure of a series of blades distributed at the periphery of the structure and each comprising on the one hand, a wing having a leading edge connected to an edge. by a body delimiting an outer face and an inner face and on the other hand, a deflector extending away from the leading edge of the wing and vis-à-vis the inner face of the wing on a limited length to delimit with the wing, an air inlet corridor.
• the deflector has an edge external located in the extension of the rope sign to delimit the entrance of the air inlet corridor, the deflector extending vis-à-vis the inner face of the wing to delimit with the wing, an air inlet corridor whose width decreases from the leading edge towards the trailing edge.
• the rotor according to the invention further comprises, in combination, one and / or the other of the following additional characteristics:
• the air inlet corridor decreases by between 30 and 50% between its inlet and its outlet, delimited respectively by the external and internal edges of the deflector,
• the maximum width of the entrance lane is equal to a value between 10 and 20% of the length of the chord line of the wing
• the leading edge has a convex profile connecting the inner and outer faces between them and the inner and outer faces have different profiles such that the line of camber of the wing has from the leading edge , an arrow towards the internal face, and from the trailing edge, an arrow towards the external face,
• the arrow of the line of camber of the wing towards the internal face has a value between 0,5% and 2% of the length of the line of cord of the wing while the arrow of the line of camber from the wing to the outer face has a value between 3 and 5% of the length of the wing line of the wing,
• the wing for each blade, the wing possesses, from the leading edge, inner and outer faces of curved profile, and from the curved profile, a profile narrowing to the trailing edge,
• the maximum thickness presented by the wing is equal to a value between 20 and 30% of the length of the wing line of the wing
• - the sum of the lengths of the rope line of the blade wings is equal to a value between 0.45 and 0.55 times the circumference of the circle passing through the outer surfaces of the wings
• the support structure of the blades comprises a disc and a ring between which the blades are mounted, the ring leaving in its center an opening for the air,
• the rotor is equipped with a generator with permanent magnets
• the rotor comprises an even number of blades
• the disk is provided at its periphery with a protective skirt extending in the opposite direction of the blades.
• Another object of the invention relates to a wind turbine equipped with a rotor according to the invention and with a vertical axis comprising a stator equipped with a rotation guide system for the rotor.
• Figure 1 is an elevational sectional view of a wind turbine according to the invention.
• Figure 2 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a rotor according to the invention for a wind turbine illustrated in Fîg. 1.
• Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of the rotor according to the invention, showing the relative arrangement of the blades.
• Figure 4 is a view showing the profile of a wing according to the invention.
• the subject of the invention relates to a wind turbine 1 comprising a stator 2, equipped with a rotation guide system 3, for a rotor 4 along an axis of rotation X.
• the rotor 4 rotates around the axis of rotation X in a direction of movement, shown in FIG. 3, by the arrow f (Fig. 3).
• the wind turbine 1 is mounted so that the axis of rotation X of the rotor 4 extends vertically or substantially vertically during its operation. It should be noted that the wind turbine 1 according to the invention can also be easily positioned in different positions with its axis of rotation which is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the direction of the fluid.
• the rotor 4 comprises a support structure 6 for a series of blades 7 distributed advantageously, in a regular manner, at the periphery of the support structure 6.
• the structure of FIG. support 6 comprises a lower disc 8 supporting one of the lower ends of the blades 7 and a crown 9 said upper fixed on the upper ends of the blades 7.
• the ring 9 leaves in its center, an opening 11 for the passage air.
• the disk 8 is advantageously solid while being provided at its center with an axis 12 cooperating with the rotational guiding system 3.
• this support structure 6 of the blades 7 can be made differently.
• this support structure 6 may comprise an axis from which radially extend arms at the ends of which the blades 7 are fixed.
• the blades 7 are mounted to extend parallel to each other and parallel to the axis of rotation X. In the example shown, the blades 7 are considered to extend vertically.
• Each blade 7 comprises a flange 13 having a leading edge 14 connected to a trailing edge 15 by a body 16 which delimits on one side, an outer face 17 and on the opposite side, an inner face 18 (FIG. .
• the faces 17 and 18 of the body 16 of the wing 13 are said external and internal in consideration of the inside and outside of the rotor 4.
• each wing 13 has a line of rope 19 corresponding to the line straight line between the end points of the leading edge 14 and the trailing edge 15 (Fig. 4).
• each wing 13 has a camber line corresponding to the median line 20 between the outer 17 and inner 18 faces of the body 16.
• the bodies 16 of the wings 17 thus extend continuously between the disk 8 and the ring 9 with the leading edges 14 and the trailing edges 15 which extend parallel to the axis of rotation X.
• the wings 13 are oriented so as to be contained entirely within a circle C passing through at least a portion of the outer faces 17 of the wings.
• the circle C thus corresponds to the maximum surface covered by the blades 7 during their rotation.
• Circle C is thus tangent on at least a portion of the outer faces of wings 13.
• Each blade 7 also comprises a deflector 21 extending at a distance from the leading edge 14 of the eye 13.
• Each deflector 21 also extends continuously between the disc 8 and the crown 9.
• Each deflector 21 is delimited by an edge external 22 and the opposite, by an inner edge 23.
• the outer edges 22 and inner 23 taken into consideration from the inside and outside of the rotor extend parallel to each other and parallel to the axis of rotation X.
• the outer edges 22 of the baffles are advantageously located substantially at the circle C.
• the deflector 21 extends opposite the wing 13 over a limited length to delimit with this wing 13, an air inlet corridor 25 whose width 1 decreases leading edge 14 towards the trailing edge 15, the inlet corridor 25 and has an entrance delimited between the outer edge 22 of the deflector and the portion of the wing 13 in correspondence, namely the edge 14, and an output delimited between the inner edge 23 and the portion of the wing in correspondence, namely the inner face 18.
• the deflector 21 is located inside the wing 13 placed vis-a-vis.
• the outer edge 22 of the deflector 21 is advantageously located in the extension of the rope line 19.
• the associated deflector 21 extends from a point situated on the extension of the rope line 19 of the wing 13 and over a limited length, facing the inner face 18 of the wing, to delimit with it, the air inlet corridor 25 whose width decreases from the leading edge 14 and towards the trailing edge 15.
• the air inlet corridor 25 progressively decreases between its inlet and its outlet, that is to say that its width 1 progressively decreases from its inlet to its outlet.
• the air inlet corridor 25 decreases by a value between 30 and 50% between its inlet and its outlet.
• the distance between the deflector 21 and the wing 13 is reduced by going from the outside to the inside to accelerate the speed of the air passing in this direction. This fast airflow favors the attachment of the boundary layer.
• the distance between the deflector 21 and the wing 13 must be large enough to let a significant amount of air pass between the two and sufficiently small not to increase the drag of the wing 13.
• the maximum width of the entry corridor 25 is equal to a value between 10 and 20% of the length of the rope line 19 of the wing 13.
• leading edge 14 has a convex profile connecting the inner 18 and outer 17 faces between them.
• the inner 18 and outer 17 faces have different profiles such that the line of camber 20 of the wing has from the leading edge 14, an arrow d towards the inner face 18 and from the trailing edge 15, a arrow d to the outer face 17.
• the wing 13 has a camber line 20 with a positive arrow for the portion 1a closer to the leading edge 14 (curved towards the inside of the rotor) while the camber line 20 has a negative arrow (bulging outwardly of the rotor), for the part located near the trailing edge 15.
• This arrangement makes it possible to obtain a good coefficient of torque in the direction of rotation of the wind.
• the arrow d of the camber line 20 of the wing has, towards the inner face 18, a value between 0.5 and 2% and for example a value equal to 1% of the length of the rope line 19 of the wing, while the arrow d of the camber line 20 of the wing towards the outer face 17 possesses a value between 3 and 5% of the length of the rope line 19 of the wing and for example a value equal to 4%.
• the wing has a not too high drag.
• the outer face 17 of the wing follows, on a portion substantially the circle C of the rotor of the wind turbine and that the outer edge 22 of the deflector 21 is located approximately on this circle C, thus allowing to obtain a relatively weak drag for the movement of the wing against the direction of the wind.
• the wing 13 possesses, from the leading edge 14, inner and outer faces 17 and 17 of convex profile, and from the curved profile, a profile narrowing as far as 'at the trailing edge.
• Each wing 13 thus has a body 16 of three-dimensional shape.
• the maximum thickness presented by the wing 13 is equal to a value between 20 and 30% of the length of the rope line 19 of the wing.
• the sum of the lengths of the rope line 19 of the set of wings 13 of the rotor 4 is equal to a value between 0.45 and 0.55 times the circumference of the circle C passing through the outer faces 17 of the wings.
• Such a dimensioning makes it possible to overcome the friction torque even at very low wind speed.
• Such dimensioning makes it possible to provide a relatively large torque.
• the rotor 4 comprises an even number of blades 7.
• each wing 13 which must move in the opposite direction to the wind is counterbalanced by a wing of the same size and the same lever arm that moves in the direction of the wind.
• it may be provided to make a rotor with four wings.
• the rotor according to the invention and in particular by virtue of the positioning of the deflector with respect to the wing and its shape relative to the wing, makes it possible to obtain a wind turbine with a good efficiency and can start even with a wind with a low speed.
• the rotor is equipped with a generator 31 with permanent magnets.
• the disk 8 is provided at its periphery with a protective skirt 30 extending in the opposite direction of the blades and making it possible to protect the permanent magnet generator 31, a part of which is mounted integral with the disk 8.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2013
  • 2013-09-30 FR FR1359407A patent/FR3011285B1/fr active Active
• 2014
  • 2014-09-29 EP EP14793881.5A patent/EP3052801A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-09-29 WO PCT/FR2014/052450 patent/WO2015044615A1/fr active Application Filing

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