EP3049777A1 - Process for preparing a colour chart - Google Patents

Process for preparing a colour chart

Info

Publication number
EP3049777A1
EP3049777A1 EP14771868.8A EP14771868A EP3049777A1 EP 3049777 A1 EP3049777 A1 EP 3049777A1 EP 14771868 A EP14771868 A EP 14771868A EP 3049777 A1 EP3049777 A1 EP 3049777A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
colours
colour
coloured
sequence
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14771868.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3049777B1 (en
Inventor
Debabrata PANJA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akzo Nobel Coatings International BV
Original Assignee
Akzo Nobel Coatings International BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akzo Nobel Coatings International BV filed Critical Akzo Nobel Coatings International BV
Priority to EP14771868.8A priority Critical patent/EP3049777B1/en
Publication of EP3049777A1 publication Critical patent/EP3049777A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3049777B1 publication Critical patent/EP3049777B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G01J3/462—Computing operations in or between colour spaces; Colour management systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G01J3/463—Colour matching
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G01J3/465—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters taking into account the colour perception of the eye; using tristimulus detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G01J3/52—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using colour charts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for arranging a plurality of colours or coloured objects in a defined sequence.
  • the invention also relates to a colour chart prepared in accordance with the process, and to an apparatus adapted to carry out the process.
  • WO 01/75406 A describes a method for preparing a colour chart comprising the steps of defining a reference colour, specifying a range of colours from said reference colour, each colour being spaced by integral multiples of a preselected colour difference value from the other colour, the range spanning the colour space between the reference colour and some other colour.
  • a drawback of the above known process is that the colours are spaced by integral multiples of a preselected colour difference value from the other colour. Hence, the process is not suitable for preparing a colour chart or arranging colours having random colour difference values from the other ones. In particular when similar colours exhibit small variations in more than one dimension, for example lightness, chroma, and hue, there is no straightforward way to determine a sequence in which such colours should be arranged.
  • the present invention provides a process for arranging a plurality of colours or coloured objects in a defined sequence so that each colour or coloured object has at least one neighbouring colour or coloured object, comprising the steps of a) assigning all colours or coloured objects a position in an at least two- dimensional colour space, b) assigning all neighbouring colours or coloured objects a colour difference value corresponding to the length of a vector connecting the neighbouring colours in the colour space,
  • the process of the invention allows for a logical and clearly defined sequence of colours having random colour difference values from the other ones, and there is no need to define a reference colour.
  • the process is also very suitable for ordering in a sequence colours or coloured objects of similar colours having small variations in more than one dimension, for example lightness, chroma, and hue.
  • colour documentation for paints such as car repair paints
  • sequence relates to one-dimensionally ordered arrangement of members, wherein the first and the last member in the sequence have only one neighbouring member, and all other members have two neighbouring members.
  • the process is suitable for arranging colours or coloured objects, for example colours on a colour chart representing colours of paint or toners, ink, or other materials which are typically available in a variety of colours.
  • the colours may be arranged in printed form on a chart. Alternatively, the colours may also be arranged on an electronic display screen of a computer or mobile device.
  • the process may also be used to arrange a plurality of coloured objects.
  • Coloured objects may be samples of paint-coated substrates, such as so-called colour chips, or samples of other coloured materials, for example textiles, fabrics, leather, and the like.
  • all colours or coloured objects to be arranged are assigned a position in an at least two-dimensional colour space.
  • the process of the invention is suitable for arranging colours, or objects coated with colours which show variations in less than three dimensions, such as in grayscale (where the variation in colour is only in L* value, i.e., in one dimension), or colours with negligible variation in L * values (where the variation in colour is in a * and b * values, i.e., in two dimensions.
  • the colour space is an at least three- dimensional colour space.
  • a wide range of colours can be created by the subtractive primary colours of pigments (cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K)). Those colours then define a specific colour space.
  • C subtractive primary colours of pigments
  • M magenta
  • Y yellow
  • K black
  • Those colours then define a specific colour space.
  • To create a three-dimensional representation of a colour space one can assign the amount of magenta colour to the representation's X axis, the amount of cyan to its Y axis, and the amount of yellow to its Z axis.
  • the resulting three-dimensional space provides a unique position for every possible colour that can be created by combining those three pigments. However, this is not the only possible colour space.
  • RGB red, green, and blue
  • RGB red, green, and blue
  • CTR phosphors
  • LCD filters and backlight
  • red, green, and blue can be considered as the X, Y, and Z axes.
  • Another way of making the same colours is to use their Hue ( ⁇ axis), their Chroma (r axis), and their brightness Value (Z axis). This is called the LCh colour space.
  • Many colour spaces can be represented as three-dimensional values in this manner, but some have more, or fewer dimensions.
  • the three-dimensional colour space is the CIELAB colour space.
  • CIE L *a*b* (CIELAB) is the most complete colour space specified by the International Commission on Illumination (French Commission Internationale de I'eclairage, hence its CIE initialism). It describes all the colours visible to the human eye and was created to serve as a device-independent model to be used as a reference.
  • the process of the invention is also suitable for arranging so-called effect colours, or objects coated with effect colours, or objects having a texture.
  • one or more texture coordinates can be added to the three colour coordinates.
  • a texture difference may be added to the colour difference, comprising the difference in values for each of the texture-related properties.
  • the combined colour and texture difference between colours can then be expressed as vectors in a four- or even higher dimensional space. Renormalization and calculating difference vectors can be mathematically expressed by similar expressions to those used for the untextured case.
  • Coatings comprising metal particles, such as aluminium flakes, may be mentioned as an example.
  • the texture or coarseness of the aluminium flakes defines a relevant feature of the visual properties. Therefore, in one embodiment, the colour space includes the dimension coarseness, and all colours are assigned a coarseness value. Typically, use will then be made of a three- or four-dimensional colour space. Other texture-related properties may additionally or alternatively be added as a dimension to the colour space.
  • colour difference values are assigned to all neighbouring colours or coloured objects in the colour space.
  • the colour difference value of two neighbouring colours corresponds to the length of a vector connecting the two neighbouring colours in the colour space.
  • a direction is assigned to every vector in the colour space connecting two neighbouring colours.
  • the colours or coloured objects are then arranged in a sequence in such a way that the overall sum of i. all colour difference values of neighbouring colours over the sequence and
  • weight factor x is assigned to the sum of all colour difference values and a weight factor y is assigned to the sum of all direction difference values prior to minimization of the overall sum. Use of the weight factors influences the sequence of colours.
  • Minimizing the sum of all colour difference values alone corresponds to the shortest path in the at least two-dimensional colour space connecting all colours to be arranged. This describes a situation wherein the weight factor y is zero. In many cases, this may lead to a satisfactory sequence of colours or coloured objects.
  • weight factors x and y are not zero.
  • neither x nor y is zero.
  • the process is preferably implemented on a computer programmed to arrange a plurality of colours in a sequence according to the process of the invention.
  • colour difference values may be calculated based on reflection data measured for the plurality of colours or coloured objects. This is preferably done by converting the reflection data of each colour into so-called CIE-Lab colour coordinates. For each pair of colours, the colour difference can be calculated from the CIE-Lab coordinates by using one of a series of mathematical expressions that are known from literature. Examples of these are the DEab and CIEDE2000 that are mentioned in textbooks on colorimetry, such as Roy S. Berns: "Billmeyer and Saltzman's Principles of Color Technology" (3rd Edition).
  • the difference between colours can be expressed as three- dimensional vectors, because colour coordinates can be expressed as points in three-dimensional colour spaces such as CIE-Lab space.
  • the magnitude of the difference vector between consecutive vectors can be used as a measure for the inconsistency in which colors are ordered.
  • the variable in the minimization process is the sequence of these colours, or a path defined in the colour space
  • algorithms available for the minimization process such as Genetic Algorithm, Nearest Neighbour Algorithm, or Simulated Annealing Algorithm (associated with the formulation of the minimization process as a Travelling Salesman Problem defined on the sequence of colours in the colour space).
  • the result of the minimization process can be used to produce a printed colour chart.
  • the result can be used to produce a colour chart on an electronic display screen, for example on a computer display or the display of a mobile device, like a smart phone or tablet computer.
  • the result can also be used to arrange a plurality of painted objects having different colours.
  • the colours may represent paint colours, for example a range of available vehicle repair paint colours. Arranging paint colours in a colour chart according to the process facilitates the selection of the most suitable or best matching paint.
  • the invention also relates to a colour chart, wherein a plurality of colours is arranged in a sequence according to the process of the invention.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for displaying a colour chart, comprising an electronic display screen under the control of a computer device, wherein the computer is programmed to arrange a plurality of colours in a sequence according to the process of the invention.
  • the colours correspond to colours of paint recipes stored in the memory of the computer.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Color Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for arranging a plurality of colours or coloured objects in a defined sequence so that each colour or coloured object has at least one neighbouring colour or coloured object, comprising the steps of a) assigning all colours or coloured objects a position in an at least two-dimensional colour space, b) assigning all neighbouring colours or coloured objects a colour difference value corresponding to the length of a vector connecting the neighbouring colours in the colour space, c) assigning a direction to every vector in the colour space connecting two neighbouring colours or coloured objects, d) arranging the sequence of colours or coloured objects in such a way that the overall sum of i. all colour difference values over the sequence and ii. all direction difference values of two consecutive vectors is minimized, and wherein a weight factor x is assigned to the sum of all colour difference values and a weight factor y is assigned to the sum of all direction difference values of two consecutive vectors prior to minimization of the overall sum, and wherein at least one of x and y is not zero.

Description

Process for preparing a colour chart
The invention relates to a process for arranging a plurality of colours or coloured objects in a defined sequence. The invention also relates to a colour chart prepared in accordance with the process, and to an apparatus adapted to carry out the process.
WO 01/75406 A describes a method for preparing a colour chart comprising the steps of defining a reference colour, specifying a range of colours from said reference colour, each colour being spaced by integral multiples of a preselected colour difference value from the other colour, the range spanning the colour space between the reference colour and some other colour.
A drawback of the above known process is that the colours are spaced by integral multiples of a preselected colour difference value from the other colour. Hence, the process is not suitable for preparing a colour chart or arranging colours having random colour difference values from the other ones. In particular when similar colours exhibit small variations in more than one dimension, for example lightness, chroma, and hue, there is no straightforward way to determine a sequence in which such colours should be arranged.
Furthermore, in many existing colour documentations for paints, such as car repair paints, the colours are sorted by manufacturer. Often two entirely different manufacturers produce colours that the human eye cannot distinguish. In such cases one of the duplicates can be removed from the documentation, reducing documentation size and production cost .
The textbook "Farbenlehre und Farbenmessung" by Werner Schulze, published 1966 by Springer Verlag, discusses on pages 26 to 35 systems for ordering colours. The CIELAB system, the DIN system, and the Munsell system are mentioned. In these systems the individual colours are assigned a position in a three-dimensional colour space. Also, two-dimensional projections of the three- dimensional colour space are known.
An important problem when producing colour charts or colour fan decks is that the selected colours must be put in a sequence. By definition, a sequence is one- dimensional, i.e. the first and the last colour in the sequence have only one neighbouring colour, and all other colours have two neighbouring colours. The existing three-dimensional systems for ordering colours give no guidance on how to put the colours in a one-dimensional sequence.
Providing a good one-dimensional ordering of colours, i.e. a sequence, is important for making the series of colours have a natural flow, which provides an aesthetically pleasing order.
Currently, the process of obtaining a one-dimensional ordering, i.e. a sequence, is based on the visual perception of a test panel of persons. This has several drawbacks, because it consumes a lot of time, the reproducibility is poor, and the ordering result depends on the subjective colour perception of the persons of the panel.
Hence, there is an ongoing need for improved processes of arranging colours or coloured objects which address the above-mentioned issues. In particular, a process is sought which is suitable for reliably and objectively converting an arrangement of colours in a multi-dimensional colour space to a one-dimensional sequence of colours.
The present invention provides a process for arranging a plurality of colours or coloured objects in a defined sequence so that each colour or coloured object has at least one neighbouring colour or coloured object, comprising the steps of a) assigning all colours or coloured objects a position in an at least two- dimensional colour space, b) assigning all neighbouring colours or coloured objects a colour difference value corresponding to the length of a vector connecting the neighbouring colours in the colour space,
c) assigning a direction to every vector in the colour space connecting two neighbouring colours or coloured objects,
d) arranging the sequence of colours or coloured objects in such a way that the overall sum of
i. all colour difference values over the sequence and ii. all direction difference values of two consecutive vectors is minimized, and wherein a weight factor x is assigned to the sum of all colour difference values and a weight factor y is assigned to the sum of all direction difference values of two consecutive vectors prior to minimization of the overall sum, and wherein at least one of x and y is not zero. The process of the invention makes it possible to arrange colours in a sequence in a quick, reproducible, and objective way, without the need for persons and their subjective visual perception.
The process of the invention allows for a logical and clearly defined sequence of colours having random colour difference values from the other ones, and there is no need to define a reference colour. The process is also very suitable for ordering in a sequence colours or coloured objects of similar colours having small variations in more than one dimension, for example lightness, chroma, and hue. When used for colour documentation for paints, such as car repair paints, it is possible to eliminate duplicates resulting from the same colour being used by different car manufacturers.
For the avoidance of doubt it is emphasized that the expression "sequence" relates to one-dimensionally ordered arrangement of members, wherein the first and the last member in the sequence have only one neighbouring member, and all other members have two neighbouring members.
The process is suitable for arranging colours or coloured objects, for example colours on a colour chart representing colours of paint or toners, ink, or other materials which are typically available in a variety of colours. The colours may be arranged in printed form on a chart. Alternatively, the colours may also be arranged on an electronic display screen of a computer or mobile device. The process may also be used to arrange a plurality of coloured objects. Coloured objects may be samples of paint-coated substrates, such as so-called colour chips, or samples of other coloured materials, for example textiles, fabrics, leather, and the like.
In the first step of the process, all colours or coloured objects to be arranged are assigned a position in an at least two-dimensional colour space. The process of the invention is suitable for arranging colours, or objects coated with colours which show variations in less than three dimensions, such as in grayscale (where the variation in colour is only in L* value, i.e., in one dimension), or colours with negligible variation in L* values (where the variation in colour is in a* and b* values, i.e., in two dimensions.
In a preferred embodiment of the process, the colour space is an at least three- dimensional colour space. A wide range of colours can be created by the subtractive primary colours of pigments (cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K)). Those colours then define a specific colour space. To create a three-dimensional representation of a colour space, one can assign the amount of magenta colour to the representation's X axis, the amount of cyan to its Y axis, and the amount of yellow to its Z axis. The resulting three-dimensional space provides a unique position for every possible colour that can be created by combining those three pigments. However, this is not the only possible colour space. For instance, when colours are displayed on a computer monitor, they are usually defined in the RGB (red, green, and blue) colour space. This is another way of making nearly the same colours (limited by the reproduction medium, such as phosphors (CRT) or filters and backlight (LCD)), and red, green, and blue can be considered as the X, Y, and Z axes. Another way of making the same colours is to use their Hue (Θ axis), their Chroma (r axis), and their brightness Value (Z axis). This is called the LCh colour space. Many colour spaces can be represented as three-dimensional values in this manner, but some have more, or fewer dimensions. In one embodiment, the three-dimensional colour space is the CIELAB colour space.
CIE L *a*b* (CIELAB) is the most complete colour space specified by the International Commission on Illumination (French Commission Internationale de I'eclairage, hence its CIE initialism). It describes all the colours visible to the human eye and was created to serve as a device-independent model to be used as a reference.
The three coordinates of CIELAB represent the lightness of the colour (L* = 0 yields black and L* = 100 indicates diffuse white; specular white may be higher), its position between red/magenta and green (a* negative values indicate green while positive values indicate magenta), and its position between yellow and blue (b* negative values indicate blue and positive values indicate yellow).
The process of the invention is also suitable for arranging so-called effect colours, or objects coated with effect colours, or objects having a texture.
In the case of effect colours, one or more texture coordinates can be added to the three colour coordinates. In this case, for example a texture difference may be added to the colour difference, comprising the difference in values for each of the texture-related properties. Similarly, the combined colour and texture difference between colours can then be expressed as vectors in a four- or even higher dimensional space. Renormalization and calculating difference vectors can be mathematically expressed by similar expressions to those used for the untextured case.
Coatings comprising metal particles, such as aluminium flakes, may be mentioned as an example. For such coatings, the texture or coarseness of the aluminium flakes defines a relevant feature of the visual properties. Therefore, in one embodiment, the colour space includes the dimension coarseness, and all colours are assigned a coarseness value. Typically, use will then be made of a three- or four-dimensional colour space. Other texture-related properties may additionally or alternatively be added as a dimension to the colour space.
After all colours or coloured objects have been assigned a position in the at least two-dimensional colour space, colour difference values are assigned to all neighbouring colours or coloured objects in the colour space. The colour difference value of two neighbouring colours corresponds to the length of a vector connecting the two neighbouring colours in the colour space.
In a further step, a direction is assigned to every vector in the colour space connecting two neighbouring colours. The colours or coloured objects are then arranged in a sequence in such a way that the overall sum of i. all colour difference values of neighbouring colours over the sequence and
ii. all direction difference values of two consecutive vectors is minimized. A weight factor x is assigned to the sum of all colour difference values and a weight factor y is assigned to the sum of all direction difference values prior to minimization of the overall sum. Use of the weight factors influences the sequence of colours.
Minimizing the sum of all colour difference values alone corresponds to the shortest path in the at least two-dimensional colour space connecting all colours to be arranged. This describes a situation wherein the weight factor y is zero. In many cases, this may lead to a satisfactory sequence of colours or coloured objects.
Minimizing the sum of all direction difference values of two consecutive colours alone corresponds to a situation wherein so-called U-turns in the path are minimized. This means that it is preferred for similar colours to remain in close neighbourhood in the sequence. This describes a situation wherein the weight factor x is zero. In many cases, this may lead to a satisfactory sequence of colours or coloured objects.
Hence, at least one of the weight factors x and y is not zero. In a preferred embodiment, neither x nor y is zero. The process is preferably implemented on a computer programmed to arrange a plurality of colours in a sequence according to the process of the invention.
As an example, colour difference values may be calculated based on reflection data measured for the plurality of colours or coloured objects. This is preferably done by converting the reflection data of each colour into so-called CIE-Lab colour coordinates. For each pair of colours, the colour difference can be calculated from the CIE-Lab coordinates by using one of a series of mathematical expressions that are known from literature. Examples of these are the DEab and CIEDE2000 that are mentioned in textbooks on colorimetry, such as Roy S. Berns: "Billmeyer and Saltzman's Principles of Color Technology" (3rd Edition). For calculating direction difference values of consecutive vectors, use may be made of the fact that the difference between colours can be expressed as three- dimensional vectors, because colour coordinates can be expressed as points in three-dimensional colour spaces such as CIE-Lab space. After renormalizing the colour difference vectors between colours, the magnitude of the difference vector between consecutive vectors can be used as a measure for the inconsistency in which colors are ordered.
Since the variable in the minimization process is the sequence of these colours, or a path defined in the colour space, there are several well-known algorithms available for the minimization process such as Genetic Algorithm, Nearest Neighbour Algorithm, or Simulated Annealing Algorithm (associated with the formulation of the minimization process as a Travelling Salesman Problem defined on the sequence of colours in the colour space).
The result of the minimization process can be used to produce a printed colour chart. Alternatively, the result can be used to produce a colour chart on an electronic display screen, for example on a computer display or the display of a mobile device, like a smart phone or tablet computer.
The result can also be used to arrange a plurality of painted objects having different colours.
The colours may represent paint colours, for example a range of available vehicle repair paint colours. Arranging paint colours in a colour chart according to the process facilitates the selection of the most suitable or best matching paint.
The invention also relates to a colour chart, wherein a plurality of colours is arranged in a sequence according to the process of the invention.
The invention further relates to an apparatus for displaying a colour chart, comprising an electronic display screen under the control of a computer device, wherein the computer is programmed to arrange a plurality of colours in a sequence according to the process of the invention. In one embodiment, the colours correspond to colours of paint recipes stored in the memory of the computer.

Claims

A process for arranging a plurality of colours or coloured objects in a defined sequence so that each colour or coloured object has at least one neighbouring colour or coloured object, comprising the steps of
a) assigning all colours or coloured objects a position in an at least two- dimensional colour space,
b) assigning all neighbouring colours or coloured objects a colour difference value corresponding to the length of a vector connecting the neighbouring colours in the colour space,
c) assigning a direction to every vector in the colour space connecting two neighbouring colours or coloured objects,
d) arranging the sequence of colours or coloured objects in such a way that the overall sum of
i. all colour difference values over the sequence and ii. all direction difference values of two consecutive vectors is minimized, and wherein a weight factor x is assigned to the sum of all colour difference values and a weight factor y is assigned to the sum of all direction difference values of two consecutive vectors prior to minimization of the overall sum, and wherein at least one of x and y is not zero.
The process according to claim 1 , wherein colour space has at least three dimensions.
The process according to claim 2, wherein the at least three-dimensional colour space has the dimensions of lightness, chroma, and hue.
4. The process according to claim 2, wherein the three-dimensional colour space is the CIELAB colour space.
5. The process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the process is implemented for effect colours having a coarseness value, and wherein the colour space includes the dimension coarseness. 6. The process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein neither x nor y is zero.
The process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the process is implemented to produce a printed colour chart or a colour chart on an electronic colour display screen.
8. The process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the process is implemented to arrange a plurality of painted objects. 9. The process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the colours represent paint colours.
10. The process according to claim 9, wherein the colours represent vehicle repair paint colours.
1 1. A colour chart, wherein the plurality of colours is arranged in a sequence according to the process of any one of the preceding claims.
12. An apparatus for displaying a colour chart, comprising an electronic colour display screen under the control of a computer device, and wherein the computer device is programmed to arrange a plurality of colours in a sequence according to the process of any one of the preceding claims 1 to 10.
13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the colours correspond to colours of paint recipes stored in the memory of the computer device.
EP14771868.8A 2013-09-25 2014-09-22 Process for preparing a colour chart Active EP3049777B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14771868.8A EP3049777B1 (en) 2013-09-25 2014-09-22 Process for preparing a colour chart

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13185934 2013-09-25
EP14771868.8A EP3049777B1 (en) 2013-09-25 2014-09-22 Process for preparing a colour chart
PCT/EP2014/070075 WO2015044064A1 (en) 2013-09-25 2014-09-22 Process for preparing a colour chart

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3049777A1 true EP3049777A1 (en) 2016-08-03
EP3049777B1 EP3049777B1 (en) 2020-09-02

Family

ID=49226092

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14771868.8A Active EP3049777B1 (en) 2013-09-25 2014-09-22 Process for preparing a colour chart

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20160231173A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3049777B1 (en)
CN (1) CN105556264B (en)
BR (1) BR112016004718B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2015044064A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12148146B2 (en) 2019-09-19 2024-11-19 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Systems and methods for mapping coatings to a spatial appearance space

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013107357A1 (en) 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Liquid redistributor

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1617024A (en) * 1923-03-24 1927-02-08 Munsell Color Company Inc Color chart
IL53906A (en) * 1978-01-27 1981-10-30 Eldar Meir Method and chart for organizing and producing colors
US4337046A (en) * 1979-05-29 1982-06-29 Anderson Martin C Basic color media set for providing tonally matched palettes
JPH0756461B2 (en) * 1983-12-26 1995-06-14 シャープ株式会社 Color separation method
US4992050A (en) * 1989-06-07 1991-02-12 Edwards Diane M Consumer color reference kit
US4966461A (en) * 1989-08-25 1990-10-30 Hooper Donald H Color identification system
US5174758A (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-12-29 Abramson Steven J Color selector for four-color offset printing, and method of creating it
US5842866A (en) * 1997-07-14 1998-12-01 Chow; Dong Lein Color chart
ES2143428B1 (en) * 1998-08-07 2000-12-16 Pomares Jaime Santana OBJECTIVE NOMENCLATURE GENERATOR FOR COLORS.
US6234801B1 (en) * 2000-01-21 2001-05-22 Zenith Color-Tech Corporation Color comparison list for displaying of the color system
US6632093B1 (en) * 2000-03-30 2003-10-14 Behr Process Corporation Display system facilitating paint color selection and coordination
GB2361158B (en) * 2000-04-04 2004-03-17 Coats Viyella Plc Colour specification
US7180524B1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2007-02-20 Dale Axelrod Artists' color display system
EP1420233A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-19 Gretag-Macbeth AG Digital color standard
EP1561090A1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2005-08-10 Ciba SC Holding AG Method for the production of a digital colour catalogue
US6857875B1 (en) * 2004-02-20 2005-02-22 Mcclure Randal G. Artist's color chart device
DE102007035610A1 (en) * 2007-07-30 2009-02-05 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Process for the production of colors
JP4780089B2 (en) * 2007-11-16 2011-09-28 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Image processing apparatus, image forming apparatus, program, and color sample
CN201673118U (en) * 2010-06-04 2010-12-15 贺心雅 Peritoneal dialysate detection device
US8532372B2 (en) * 2010-08-19 2013-09-10 Thomas Youngman System and method for matching color swatches

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12148146B2 (en) 2019-09-19 2024-11-19 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Systems and methods for mapping coatings to a spatial appearance space

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105556264B (en) 2018-02-09
US20160231173A1 (en) 2016-08-11
EP3049777B1 (en) 2020-09-02
BR112016004718B1 (en) 2021-07-20
WO2015044064A1 (en) 2015-04-02
CN105556264A (en) 2016-05-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106531060B (en) The bearing calibration of LED display bright chroma and device
US9236033B2 (en) Color processing apparatus and color processing method
CA2091155C (en) Method and apparatus for reproducing blended colorants on an electronic display
CA2754188C (en) Method for managing metamerism of color merchandise
CN110662022B (en) Color gamut adjustment system and color gamut adjustment method
CA2571664C (en) Colour display system for aiding the selection and combination of colours
JP6222939B2 (en) Unevenness correction apparatus and control method thereof
JPH07234158A (en) Reproduction of color printed matter
CN106448525A (en) System and method for measuring color uniformity of medical display
Centore sRGB centroids for the ISCC-NBS colour system
EP3049777B1 (en) Process for preparing a colour chart
CN104966490B (en) A kind of more BIN display screen white balance adjusting method and devices
JP7119322B2 (en) Display device discrimination system, display device discrimination method and program
CN114096992B (en) Method and system for visualizing wood staining
EP3944093A1 (en) Paint color search device
Shams-Nateri et al. Computer vision techniques for measuring and demonstrating color of textile
CN110691194B (en) Wide color gamut image determination method and device
WO2011098502A1 (en) Colour calibration of electronic display screens
JP2834437B2 (en) Color system conversion method
CN119487823A (en) How to get a colored sub-palette from a mood board
JP2022139185A (en) Display device primary color design system, display device primary color design method, and program
EP2743657A1 (en) Method for controlling an image display device to allow an observer to perceive colours as another observer
Choudhury Scales for communicating colours
CN118799502A (en) Visualization space color gamut model establishment method and interactive method
Zhang et al. A Modified Color Appearance Model of CIELAB

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20160325

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20190909

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20200406

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1309381

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20200915

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602014069714

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201202

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201203

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20201202

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20200902

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 1309381

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20200902

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210104

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210102

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602014069714

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20200930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200922

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20210603

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200922

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200930

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200930

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200930

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200902

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20230823

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230822

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230822

Year of fee payment: 10

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602014069714

Country of ref document: DE

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20240922

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20250401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240922

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240930