EP3043113B1 - Befestigungsvorrichtung für wärmeisolierende kachel von einer gasturbinenbrennkammer - Google Patents

Befestigungsvorrichtung für wärmeisolierende kachel von einer gasturbinenbrennkammer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3043113B1
EP3043113B1 EP16150819.7A EP16150819A EP3043113B1 EP 3043113 B1 EP3043113 B1 EP 3043113B1 EP 16150819 A EP16150819 A EP 16150819A EP 3043113 B1 EP3043113 B1 EP 3043113B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
seat
fastening device
connecting line
lid
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EP16150819.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3043113A1 (de
Inventor
Valerio Pistone
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Ansaldo Energia SpA
Original Assignee
Ansaldo Energia SpA
ASEN Ansaldo Sviluppo Energia SRL
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/04—Supports for linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
    • F23R3/425—Combustion chambers comprising a tangential or helicoidal arrangement of the flame tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/007—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel constructed mainly of ceramic components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
    • F23R3/60—Support structures; Attaching or mounting means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fastening device for thermoinsulating tiles of gas turbine combustion chambers.
  • gas turbines are extremely complex apparatuses, whose operation must be controlled with the utmost precision. Both in order to check their compliance with the design criteria and in order to control their operation, it is necessary to measure or estimate numerous parameters and quantities and, to this aim, manufacturers are required to provide suitable tools.
  • not all parts of a gas turbine may easily be equipped with the sensors needed to detect the quantities to be measured for the required checks and controls.
  • the detection of quantities in the combustion chamber turns out to be particularly difficult, on the one hand because of the structure and on the other hand because of critical temperature and pressure conditions.
  • a combustion chamber generally comprises a casing, for example with a toroidal or cylindrical shaped, which, on the inside, is covered with thermoinsulating tiles.
  • the tiles are normally connected to the wall of the casing with interlocking fastening means or, at least for some of the tiles, with screw fastening means. Fastening by screws is obtained through holes in the casing.
  • thermoinsulating tiles of gas turbine combustion chambers which allows to overcome the drawbacks described above.
  • EP 2 738 470 A1 discloses a fastening device for a thermoinsulating tile of a gas turbine combustion chamber.
  • the fastening device comprises a supporting body, which has a lid and is configured to be coupled to a seat of a wall of a combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • the fastening device also comprises a coupling member, connected to the supporting body at an end opposite to the lid and configured to be coupled to thermoinsulating tiles of the combustion chamber through the wall.
  • An example of a known fastening device for a double walled combustor, wherein the fastening device incorporates a sensor is disclosed in US 4 300 774 A .
  • thermoinsulating tiles of gas turbine combustion chambers as defined in claim 1.
  • thermoinsulating tiles to the inner wall of the casing of a toroidal combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • the invention may also find advantageous application in different combustion chambers, for example silo combustion chambers.
  • a combustion chamber 1 of a gas turbine (not shown in its entirety) comprises a toroidal casing 2 extending around an axis A and having a radially outer first shell 3, defined by a ring-shaped wall, and a radially inner second shell 4, defined by a wall having substantially frustoconical shape.
  • the casing 2 defines a combustion volume V, which extends between the first shell 3 and the second shell 4.
  • the combustion chamber 1 is provided with thermoinsulating coating, which internally covers the first shell 3 and the second shell 4 and comprises a plurality of thermoinsulating tiles.
  • the thermoinsulating tiles 7 are arranged in adjacent rows along circumferences around the axis A of the combustion chamber 1.
  • thermoinsulating tiles 7 of at least some rows are fastened to the casing 2 of the combustion chamber 1 by fastening devices 10 through respective seats 17 provided in the first shell 3 and in the second shell 4.
  • the fastening device 10 comprises a supporting body 12, a bushing 13 and coupling members 14. Furthermore, the fastening device 10 supports a temperature sensor 15 and a pressure sensor 16.
  • the supporting body 12 is configured to be coupled to a housing 17 on a face of the casing 2 that is on the outside relative to the combustion volume V.
  • the supporting body 12 also has a locking seat 18 and an access opening 20 to receive an end of the bushing 13.
  • the seat 17 is defined by a through opening, for example a circular one, in the wall of the casing 2.
  • the supporting body 12 comprises a first annular element 21, a second annular element 22 and a lid 23.
  • the first annular element 21 has an edge that radially projects outward to be coupled in abutment with a corresponding margin of the seat 17 in the casing 2.
  • the second annular element 22 defines a side of the locking seat 18 opposite to the lid 23. Furthermore, the access opening 20 is obtained in the second annular element 22 and is aligned with a central opening of the first annular element 21, so as to allow the bushing 13 to be introduced into the locking seat 18. In other words, the bushing 13 is inserted into the locking seat 18 through the first annular element 21 and the second annular element 22.
  • a pack of Belleville washers 25 is arranged between the first annular element 21 and the second annular element 22 and allows to comply with the effects of the thermal expansion caused by the high temperatures of the combustion chamber 1 in use.
  • the lid 23 is opposite to the access opening 20, is cup-shaped and defines the locking seat 18 on one side.
  • the lid 23 is removably fastened to the first annular element 21 through screws and it has a first through sensor seat 27 and a second through sensor seat 28 to fasten the temperature sensor 15, by a connector 30, and the pressure sensor 16, by a connector 31, respectively.
  • the first through sensor seat 27 and the second through sensor seat 28 are provided in a bottom wall of the lid 23 and communicate with the locking seat 18.
  • a central opening 32 of the lid 23, communicating with the locking seat 18 as well, allows cooling air to flow into the supporting body 12.
  • the bushing 13 is internally threaded and is removably coupled to the supporting body 12.
  • the coupling between the bushing 13 and the supporting body 12 is a bayonet coupling. More in detail, the bushing 13 extends along an axis B, has a substantially cylindrical shape and is provided, at one end, with locking fins 33 extending radially relative to the axis B.
  • the bushing 13 can be inserted into the locking seat 18 through the access opening 20 from the inside of the casing 2 through the housing 17 and is angularly movable in the locking seat 18 between an insertion position, in which the locking fins 33 are aligned with the access opening 20 and the bushing 13 is axially movable, and a locking position, in which the locking fins 33 are held in a blind portion of the locking seat 18.
  • the blind portion of the locking seat 18 communicates with the access opening 20 and is configured to receive and axially hold the locking fins 33.
  • the bushing 13 is axially hollow and enables the passage of cooling air.
  • the coupling members 14 are coupled to respective thermoinsulating tiles 7 and, in a non-limiting embodiment, comprise a cup-shaped body 35, for example a substantially cylindrical one, and an axially hollow screw 36.
  • the cup-shaped body 35 is housed in a through seat 37 in one of the thermoinsulating tiles 7 and is provided with a plate 38 for locking against an inner face of the thermoinsulating tile 7 delimiting a portion of the combustion volume V.
  • the screw 36 is arranged through a bottom wall of the cup-shaped body 35 and is coupled to an end of the bushing 13 opposite to the lid 23.
  • the screw 36 is coupled to the bushing 13 so that, when the bushing is in the locking position in the locking seat 18, screwing the screw 36 tends to tighten the second annular element 22 against the first annular element 21 and both of them in a clamping manner on the wall of the casing 2.
  • the temperature sensor 15 and the pressure sensor 16 are fastened to the first sensor seat 27, by the connector 30, and to the second sensor seat 28, by the connector 31, respectively.
  • the first through sensor seat 27 and the second through sensor seat 28 are provided in a bottom wall of the lid 23 and communicate with the locking seat 18.
  • the temperature sensor 15, in an embodiment, is a thermocouple and comprises a junction 15a and an electrical connecting line 15b for connecting to a sensing circuit 15c, which is schematically shown in figure 4 .
  • the pressure sensor 16 comprises a pressure inlet 16a and a fluidic connecting line 16b for connecting to a pressure transducer 16c, which is schematically shown in figure 4 .
  • the electrical connecting line 15b and the fluidic connecting line 16b extend through the lid 23 in the first sensor seat 27 and in the second sensor seat 28, respectively, and through the locking seat 18. Then, the electrical connecting line 15b and the fluidic connecting line 16b run adjacent to the bushing 13, through the portions of the access opening 20 that remain free when the bushing 13 is in the locking position.
  • the sensing members of the temperature sensor 15 and of the pressure sensor 16, defined by the junction 15a and by the pressure inlet 16a, respectively, are arranged at ends of the electrical connecting line 15b and of the fluidic connecting line 16b, close to the thermoinsulating tile 7.
  • the fastening device 10 allows quantity detecting sensors to be easily arranged inside the casing 2 of the combustion chamber 1, without the need to modify the structure of the casing 2 by making holes for the sensors. Furthermore, several points are available to install the sensors. As a matter of fact, it is possible to choose the most convenient locations for positioning the sensors, taking into account also easy access for operators, or, alternatively, banks of sensors may be installed to get a series of measures from which, for example, information concerning the symmetry of combustion and, anyway, more accurate data may be obtained.
  • the sensors may be installed permanently or, if it is preferable based on the circumstances, only temporarily, in order to carry out the measurements.
  • the sensors may be easily be removed by extracting the connectors 30, 31 from the seats 27, 28 or by replacing the lid 23 (and the sensors 15, 16 fastened thereto) with a lid without sensors.
  • FIG. 5 A different embodiment of the invention is shown in figures 5 and 6 , where a device for fastening thermoinsulating tiles of gas turbine combustion chambers is indicated with number 110.
  • the fastening device 110 comprises a supporting body 112, a bushing 113 and coupling members 114.
  • the bushing 113 and the coupling members 114 are substantially like the ones already described with reference to figures 2-4 .
  • the bushing 113 is removably inserted in a locking seat 118 in the supporting body 112 through an access opening 120, is internally threaded and axially hollow and has an end that projects in a direction opposite to the supporting body 112.
  • the coupling members 114 are coupled to respective thermoinsulating tiles 7 and, in a non-limiting embodiment, they comprise a substantially cylindrical cup-shaped body 135 and an axially hollow screw 136.
  • the cup-shaped body 135 is housed in the through seat 37 of one of the thermoinsulating tiles 7 and is provided with a plate 138 for locking it against a an inner face of the thermoinsulating tile 7 delimiting a portion of the combustion volume V.
  • the screw 136 is arranged through a bottom wall of the cup-shaped body 135 and is coupled to an end of the bushing 113 projecting from the access opening 120.
  • the supporting body 112 comprises a first annular element 121 and a second annular element 122, which are substantially like the first annular element 21 and the second annular element 22 described above, and a lid 123.
  • the lid 123 is cup-shaped and delimits the locking seat 118 on one side.
  • the lid 123 is removably fastened to the first annular element 121 and has a sensor seat 127 for fastening a sensor 115 by a connector 130.
  • the sensor seat 127 is provided in a bottom wall of the lid 123 and communicates with the locking seat 118.
  • An opening 132 diametrically crosses the lid 123.
  • the opening 132 communicates with the locking seat 118 and allows cooling air to flow into the supporting body 112.
  • the sensor 115 for example a temperature or pressure sensor, is coupled to the sensor seat 127 by the connector 130 and has a sensing member 115a and a connecting line 115b.
  • the sensing member 115a e.g. a junction of a thermocouple or a pressure inlet, depending on the type of sensor used
  • the connecting line 115b e.g. an electrical connecting line or a fluidic connecting line.
  • the connecting line 115b extends through the sensor seat 127 and a portion of the locking seat 118 and, furthermore, through the bushing 113 and the screw 136, which are aligned with the sensor seat 127. Therefore, the sensing member 115a directly faces the combustion volume V of the combustion chamber, without the interposition of the thermoinsulating tile 7.
  • the senor 115 may be installed in a temporary or permanent manner, depending on the needs.
  • the lid 123 may be removed and replaced with a lid without sensors.
  • part of the fastening devices may comprise temperature sensors and part of the fastening devices may comprise pressure sensors.
  • the coupling members do not necessarily require to have the shape described above, with a cylindrical cup-shaped body provided with a plate and coupled to a respective thermoinsulating tile in the middle.
  • coupling devices and respective coupling members may be used, which have any possible configuration, provided that they are suited to hold respective thermoinsulating tiles on the casing of the combustion chamber, of course.
  • any kind of sensor capable of detecting operating quantities of the combustion chamber may be used; temperature sensors and pressure sensors of the type described above are not the only possible solution.
  • different fastening devices may be used, which are equipped with respective types of sensors that are different from one another.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Befestigungsvorrichtung für eine wärmedämmende Kachel (7) einer Gasturbinenbrennkammer (1), umfassend:
    einen mit einer Kappe (23; 123) versehenen Stützkörper (12; 112), der mit einer Sitzfläche (17) in einer Wand einer Brennkammer (1) einer Gasturbine verbunden wird;
    Verbindungselemente (14; 114), die mit einem Ende des Stützkörpers (12; 112), der Kappe (23; 123) gegenüberliegend, verbunden sind und dazu dienen, durch die Wand mit den wärmedämmenden Kacheln (7) der Brennkammer (1) verbunden zu werden;
    mindestens einen mit der Kappe (23; 123) verbundenen Sensor (15, 16; 115), der mit einer Verbindungsleitung (15b, 16b; 115b) versehen ist, die sich durch den Stützkörper (12; 112) erstreckt, sowie einem an einem Ende der Verbindungsleitung (15b, 16b; 115b) angeordneten Sensorelement (15a, 16a; 115a).
  2. Befestigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei:
    der Stützkörper (12; 112) mit einem Verriegelungssitz (18; 118) und einer Zugangsöffnung (20; 120) für den Zugang zu dem Verriegelungssitz (18; 118) versehen ist;
    die Kappe (23; 123) der Zugangsöffnung (20; 120) gegenüberliegend angeordnet ist und den Verriegelungssitz (18; 118) auf einer Seite abgrenzt;
    eine Gewindebuchse (13; 113) durch die Zugangsöffnung (20; 120) herausnehmbar in den Verriegelungssitz (18; 118) eingesetzt ist; und
    die Verbindungselemente (14; 114) mittels einer Schraube (36; 136) mit der Buchse (13; 113) verbunden sind.
  3. Befestigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei sich die mindestens eine Verbindungsleitung (310) durch die Kappe (23; 123) und den Verriegelungssitz (18; 118) der Buchse (13; 113) erstreckt.
  4. Befestigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, umfassend einen ersten Sensor (15) und einen zweiten Sensor (16), die mit einer ersten Verbindungsleitung (15b) bzw. einer zweiten Verbindungsleitung (16b) versehen sind, wobei:
    die Kappe (23) einen ersten Durchgangssensorsitz (27) und einen zweiten Durchgangssensorsitz (28) umfasst, welche in einer Unterwand angeordnet und mit dem Verriegelungssitz (18) verbunden sind;
    der erste Sensor (15) und der zweite Sensor (16) einen ersten Verbinder (30) bzw. einen zweiten Verbinder (31) aufweisen, die mit dem ersten Sensorsitz (27) bzw. mit dem zweiten Sensorsitz (28) verbunden sind; und
    die erste Verbindungsleitung (15b) und die zweite Verbindungsleitung (16b) sich durch den ersten Sensorsitz (27) bzw. den zweiten Sensorsitz (28) erstrecken und benachbart zu der Buchse (13) verlaufen.
  5. Befestigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, wobei sich die erste Verbindungsleitung (15b) und die zweite Verbindungsleitung (16b) durch die Zugangsöffnung (20) erstrecken.
  6. Befestigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, wobei die Kappe (123) einen in einer Unterwand mittig angeordneten und mit dem Verriegelungssitz (118) verbundenen Durchgangssensorsitz (127) umfasst;
    der Sensor (115) einen mit dem Sensorsitz (127) verbundenen Verbinder (130) aufweist; und
    sich die Verbindungsleitung (115b) durch den ersten Sensorsitz (127) erstreckt.
  7. Befestigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Schraube (136) axial hohl und an dem Sensorsitz (127) ausgerichtet ist und sich die Verbindungsleitung (115b) durch die Schraube (136) erstreckt.
  8. Befestigungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, wobei:
    der Stützkörper (12; 112) ein erstes Ringelement (21; 121) und ein zweites Ringelement (22; 122) aufweist, das eine Seite des Verriegelungssitzes (18; 118), der Kappe (23; 123) gegenüberliegend, abgrenzt;
    die Zugangsöffnung (20; 120) in dem zweiten Ringelement (22; 122) ausgebildet ist; und
    die Buchse (13; 113) durch das erste Ringelement (21; 121) und das zweite Ringelement (22; 122) eingesetzt ist.
  9. Befestigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, wobei das erste Ringelement (21; 121) radial nach außen vorragt, wodurch es an einen Rand der Sitzfläche (17) in der Wand (2) der Brennkammer (1) anstößt, so dass, wenn die Verbindungselemente (14; 114) mit der wärmedämmenden Kachel (7) verbunden werden, das Verschrauben der Schraube (36; 136) bewirkt, dass das zweite Ringelement (22; 122) gegen das erste Ringelement (21; 121) festgezogen wird.
  10. Befestigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, umfassend einen Satz Belleville-Scheiben (25), die zwischen dem ersten Ringelement (21; 121) und dem zweiten Ringelement (22; 122) angeordnet sind.
  11. Befestigungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, wobei die Kappe (23; 123) an dem ersten Ringelement (21; 121) lösbar befestigt ist.
  12. Befestigungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 11, wobei:
    die Buchse (13) mit radialen Verriegelungsrippen (33) versehen ist;
    der Verriegelungssitz (18) einen blinden Abschnitt aufweist, der mit der Zugangsöffnung (20) verbunden ist und dazu dient, die radialen Verriegelungsrippen (33) aufzunehmen und axial zu halten; und
    die Buchse (13) in dem Verriegelungssitz (18) zwischen einem Einsetzabschnitt, in dem die radialen Verriegelungsrippen (33) an der Zugangsöffnung (20) ausgerichtet sind und die Buchse (13) axial beweglich ist, und einer Verriegelungsposition, in der die radialen Verriegelungsrippen (33) in dem blinden Abschnitt des Verriegelungssitzes (18) gehalten werden, winkelig beweglich ist.
  13. Befestigungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Sensor (15) ein Temperatursensor ist, das Sensorelement (15a) ein Thermoelement umfasst und die Verbindungsleitung (15b) eine elektrische Verbindungsleitung ist.
  14. Befestigungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Sensor (15, 16; 115) ein Drucksensor ist, das Sensorelement (16a) einen Druckeinlass umfasst und die Verbindungsleitung (16b) eine fluidische Verbindungsleitung ist.
  15. Brennkammer einer Gasturbine, umfassend ein Gehäuse (2) und eine an einer Innenfläche des Gehäuses (2) angeordnete Vielzahl wärmedämmender Kacheln (7), wobei die wärmedämmenden Kacheln (7) mittels mindestens einer Befestigungsvorrichtung (10; 110) gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche an dem Gehäuse (2) befestigt sind.
  16. Brennkammer nach Anspruch 15, wobei der Stützkörper (12; 112) an einer Außenfläche des Gehäuses (2) befestigt ist, die Kappe (23; 123) außerhalb des Gehäuses (2) angeordnet ist und die Buchse (13; 113) von der Innenseite des Gehäuses (2) durch eine Öffnung einsetzbar und herausnehmbar ist.
EP16150819.7A 2015-01-12 2016-01-11 Befestigungsvorrichtung für wärmeisolierende kachel von einer gasturbinenbrennkammer Active EP3043113B1 (de)

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EP3043113B1 true EP3043113B1 (de) 2018-05-23

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CN115493161A (zh) * 2022-11-15 2022-12-20 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 一种燃气轮机加力燃烧室压力脉动传感器安装结构

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US4300774A (en) * 1980-04-28 1981-11-17 General Electric Company Removable sealing plug for spaced apart wall structure
GB2380236B (en) * 2001-09-29 2005-01-19 Rolls Royce Plc A wall structure for a combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine
US6951109B2 (en) * 2004-01-06 2005-10-04 General Electric Company Apparatus and methods for minimizing and/or eliminating dilution air leakage in a combustion liner assembly
EP2236928A1 (de) * 2009-03-17 2010-10-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hitzeschildelement eines Hitzeschildes
US8647037B2 (en) * 2012-05-01 2014-02-11 General Electric Company System and method for assembling an end cover of a combustor
US9267378B2 (en) * 2012-06-27 2016-02-23 General Electric Company Turbomachine monitoring system and method
DE102012023297A1 (de) * 2012-11-28 2014-06-12 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Schindelbefestigungsanordnung einer Gasturbinenbrennkammer
US10830447B2 (en) * 2013-04-29 2020-11-10 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Joint for sealing a gap between casing segments of an industrial gas turbine engine combustor

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CN105783033B (zh) 2019-09-17
CN105783033A (zh) 2016-07-20
EP3043113A1 (de) 2016-07-13

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