EP3042050A1 - Thermal power plant with use of the waste heat from a generator - Google Patents

Thermal power plant with use of the waste heat from a generator

Info

Publication number
EP3042050A1
EP3042050A1 EP14766998.0A EP14766998A EP3042050A1 EP 3042050 A1 EP3042050 A1 EP 3042050A1 EP 14766998 A EP14766998 A EP 14766998A EP 3042050 A1 EP3042050 A1 EP 3042050A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
generator
waste heat
thermal power
power plant
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14766998.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Esteban Grau Sorarrain
Christian Jäkel
Mario Koebe
Matthias Kowalski
Christoph Lehmann
Andrey Mashkin
Olga Plotnikova
Carolin Schild
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP14766998.0A priority Critical patent/EP3042050A1/en
Publication of EP3042050A1 publication Critical patent/EP3042050A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a thermal power plant in which the waste heat of a generator can be used.
  • thermal power plants usually referred to as thermal power plants or steam power plants
  • great efforts are under take to convert in the combustion of fossil fuels or nuclear fission heat released with the highest possible degree of efficiency in mechanical and finally in electrical energy.
  • the heat released is partly used for heating ⁇ purposes or as process heat elsewhere. To enable this use of heat, a somewhat reduced generation of electrical energy is also accepted.
  • WO 2007/132312 A2 discloses a fuel drying which uses waste heat from the condenser. For this purpose, the heat is removed by a heat exchanger leading from the condenser in the cooling tower fluid circuit.
  • the object of the invention is a further improvement of the WIR kung grads or the energy utilization efficiency to achieve, al ⁇ as increased production of electric energy or increased Use of released heat for other purposes.
  • a thermal power plant is to provide a generator having a cooling system for the generator, wherein the released during the cooling from ⁇ heat of the generator for fuel drying, in particular for drying coal is usable. It is usually necessary to provide cooling for the generator anyway. So far, the heat is usually released unused to the environment. It is known that the waste heat can be used for heating purposes. It has now been recognized that the heat can also be used profitably for the operation of the thermal power plant. Thus, less vapor must be removed before complete relaxation, so that this steam is available for the production of electrical energy or for other purposes.
  • a coolant circuit for cooling the generator, wherein the cooling medium ⁇ circuit has a heat exchanger, with the waste heat received by the coolant during cooling of the generator for heating substances to be heated can be dispensed.
  • the coolant may be different fluids. In this case, gaseous fluids such as air or hydrogen come into consideration, but there are also conceivable liquid fluids such as water.
  • the waste heat for feedwater pre-heating is available.
  • the feed water to steam which is diverted from the turbine before it is complete relaxation, is a common measure to Stei ⁇ delay in efficiency.
  • the feed water coming from the condenser is ahead of another one Heating with the waste heat of the generator can be heated.
  • the signified ⁇ tet the first targeted heating of the feed water after the exit of the feed water from the condenser is effected by the waste heat of the generator. So that a slight warming can be done for example by Vice ⁇ environment heat before heating by the waste heat of the genes ⁇ rators should not be excluded. It should be said, however, that in this embodiment, prior to heating by the waste heat no other purposeful heating should take place. This is to prevent that the temperature of the feedwater is already so high that the temperature of the waste heat for He ⁇ heating is no longer sufficient. It must be remembered that temperature differences are always required to transfer the heat. Thus, a temperature difference is required to transfer the heat from the generator to the coolant and in turn to transfer a temperature difference to heat from the coolant to the feed water - or other substances to be heated.
  • the waste heat is heat that occurs at a comparatively low temperature, so that normally only steam can be replaced, which would be taken at relatively low pressure and correspondingly low temperature before complete relaxation. This saves steam by using the waste heat of the generator, which can only make a manageable contribution to mechanical work and electrical energy. Nevertheless, the invention makes a relevant contribution to increase the efficiency of a thermal power plant.
  • the feed water coming from the condenser can be led directly into a heat exchanger for the transfer of heat from the coolant to the feed water who ⁇ .
  • Direct leadership is understood to mean that seen from lines and optionally pumps and Venti ⁇ len no essential components are present. As already stated above should be achieved so that the first substantial heating of the feed water coming from the condenser by the waste heat of the generator, ie when ahead ⁇ embodiment takes place in the heat exchanger.
  • the waste heat for combustion air preheating can be used.
  • the air required for combustion ie the air which carries the oxygen necessary for combustion, is sometimes preheated. It is thermodynamically more favorable to first preheat the air with heat at a lower temperature than to accept a reduction in the heat present at the combustion temperature. Since the combustion air is supplied with ambient temperature of the thermal power plant, ie with comparatively niedri ⁇ ger temperature, the preheating with the waste heat of the generator is a sensible use of waste heat. For prakti ⁇ rule implementation is usually provided a heat exchanger.
  • the invention also relates to an associated method.
  • the figure shows a very simplified representation of a thermal power plant.
  • a boiler 1 the feed water is heated and evaporated.
  • the steam is fed into a high-pressure turbine 2.
  • a medium-pressure turbine 4 After the relaxation tion of the steam in the high-pressure turbine 2 leads a line 3 to a medium-pressure turbine 4.
  • the steam is ge ⁇ through a line 5 to a low-pressure turbine. 6
  • expansion in the low pressure turbine 6 of the steam, which already has a certain moisture is passed through ei ⁇ ne line 7 in a capacitor.
  • the high-pressure turbine 2, the intermediate-pressure turbine 4 and the Niederbuchtur- bine 6 lie on a common shaft 9 which drives a generator 10, in which the mechanical energy into elekt ⁇ innovative energy is converted.
  • This results in waste heat, wel ⁇ che is discharged through a coolant circuit 11.
  • the coolant circuit 11 leads to a heat exchanger 12 from the condensation of steam in the condenser 8 recovered feed water is also performed in a feedwater line 13 through the heat exchanger 12.
  • the discharged from the coolant ⁇ circulation 11 from the generator 10 waste heat is transferred to the feed water.
  • FIG. 1 are arranged in the further course of the feedwater line 13
  • Preheating stages in which the feed water is preheated with steam are preheated with steam.
  • the steam is this - also not shown - taken from the low-pressure turbine 6 before complete relaxation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a thermal power plant with a generator (10), comprising a cooling system (11) for the generator (10), wherein the waste heat released from the generator (10) on cooling can be used profitably for operating the thermal power plant. The invention also concerns an associated method.

Description

Beschreibung description
Thermische Kraftanlage mit Nutzung der Abwärme eines Thermal power plant using the waste heat of a
Generators generator
Die Erfindung betrifft eine thermische Kraftanlage, bei der die Abwärme eines Generators genutzt werden kann. The invention relates to a thermal power plant in which the waste heat of a generator can be used.
In thermischen Kraftanlagen, meist als Wärmekraftwerke oder Dampfkraftwerke bezeichnet, werden große Anstrengungen unter nommen, bei der Verbrennung von fossilen Brennstoffen oder bei der Kernspaltung freiwerdende Wärme mit einem möglichst hohen Wirkungsrad in mechanische und schließlich in elektrische Energie umzuwandeln. In thermal power plants, usually referred to as thermal power plants or steam power plants, great efforts are under take to convert in the combustion of fossil fuels or nuclear fission heat released with the highest possible degree of efficiency in mechanical and finally in electrical energy.
Ein wesentlicher Ansatz ist dabei, nicht sämtlichen Dampf vollständig zu entspannen, sondern teilweise vorher zu ent- nehmen und vor allem zur Vorwärmung des Speisewassers zu nut zen . An essential approach is not to completely relax all of the steam, but partly to take before and above all zen for preheating the feed water to use.
Häufig wird auch die freiwerdende Wärme teilweise zu Heiz¬ zwecken oder als Prozesswärme anderweitig genutzt. Um diese Wärmenutzung zu ermöglichen, wird auch eine etwas reduzierte Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie in Kauf genommen. Often, the heat released is partly used for heating ¬ purposes or as process heat elsewhere. To enable this use of heat, a somewhat reduced generation of electrical energy is also accepted.
Soweit Wärme zu anderen Zwecken entnommen wird, wird häufig nicht vom Wirkungsgrad gesprochen, da dieser normal das Ver¬ hältnis von gewonnener elektrischer Energie zur aufgewandten Verbrennungsenergie oder Kernspaltungsenergie ist. Zur Unter Scheidung wird mitunter von einem Energieausnutzungsgrad ge¬ sprochen, bei dem neben der gewonnenen elektrischen Energie auch die nutzbare thermische Energie berücksichtigt wird. As far as heat is removed for other purposes, it is often not spoken of the efficiency, since this is the normal Ver ¬ ratio of recovered electrical energy to the spent combustion energy or nuclear fission energy. Under divorce is sometimes ge ¬ speaks of an energy efficiency, in which not only the obtained electrical energy and the usable thermal energy is taken into account.
Aus der DE 20 2012 006 055 Ul ist eine Vorrichtung zum Erzeu gen elektrischer Energie mittels eines Organic-Rankine- Kreislaufs in Verbindung mit einem Turbinengenerator beschrieben. Dabei ist ausgeführt, dass der Kühlmantel des Tur binengenerators von einem Prozessfluid durchströmt wird und die dem Turbinengenerator entnommene Wärme wieder dem Ar- beitsfluid des Organic-Rankine-Kreislaufs zugeführt wird. Aus der DE 197 53 264 Cl ist Gasturbinenanlage bekannt, bei der dem Verdichter einer Gasturbine zuzuführende Ansaugluft über Abluft aus einem luftgekühlten Generator vorwärmbar ist. DE 20 2012 006 055 Ul discloses a device for generating electrical energy by means of an Organic Rankine cycle in conjunction with a turbine generator. It is stated that the cooling jacket of the door A process fluid flows through the turbine generator and the heat removed from the turbine generator is returned to the working fluid of the Organic Rankine cycle. From DE 197 53 264 Cl gas turbine plant is known in which the compressor of a gas turbine to be supplied intake air via exhaust air from an air-cooled generator is preheated.
Aus der WO 2007/132312 A2 ist eine Brennstofftrocknung be- kannt, welche Abwärme aus dem Kondensator nutzt. Dazu wird die Wärme durch einen Wärmetauscher dem vom Kondensator in den Kühlturm führenden Fluidkreislauf entnommen. WO 2007/132312 A2 discloses a fuel drying which uses waste heat from the condenser. For this purpose, the heat is removed by a heat exchanger leading from the condenser in the cooling tower fluid circuit.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist eine weitere Verbesserung des Wir- kungsgrads oder des Energieausnutzungsgrads zu erreichen, al¬ so eine erhöhte Produktion elektrischer Energie oder eine erhöhte Nutzung freiwerdender Wärme zu anderen Zwecken. The object of the invention is a further improvement of the WIR kung grads or the energy utilization efficiency to achieve, al ¬ as increased production of electric energy or increased Use of released heat for other purposes.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den Unteransprüchen . This object is solved by the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments can be found in the subclaims.
Es wurde erkannt, dass eine thermische Kraftanlage mit einem Generator bereit zu stellen ist, die eine Kühlung für den Ge- nerator aufweist, wobei die bei der Kühlung freiwerdende Ab¬ wärme des Generators zur Brennstofftrocknung, insbesondere zur Trocknung von Kohle, nutzbar ist. Dabei ist es normalerweise ohnehin erforderlich eine Kühlung für den Generator vorzusehen. Bislang wird die Wärme im Regelfall ungenutzt an die Umgebung abgegeben. Es ist bekannt, dass die Abwärme zu Heizzwecken eingesetzt werden kann. Nun wurde erkannt, dass die Wärme auch nutzbringend für den Betrieb der thermischen Kraftanlage eingesetzt werden kann. Damit muss weniger Dampf vor der vollständigen Entspannung entnommen werden, so dass dieser Dampf zur Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie oder für andere Zwecke zur Verfügung steht. It has been recognized that a thermal power plant is to provide a generator having a cooling system for the generator, wherein the released during the cooling from ¬ heat of the generator for fuel drying, in particular for drying coal is usable. It is usually necessary to provide cooling for the generator anyway. So far, the heat is usually released unused to the environment. It is known that the waste heat can be used for heating purposes. It has now been recognized that the heat can also be used profitably for the operation of the thermal power plant. Thus, less vapor must be removed before complete relaxation, so that this steam is available for the production of electrical energy or for other purposes.
Im Interesse einer möglichst geregelten und damit möglichst Schadstoffarmen Verbrennung ist es sinnvoll, den eingesetzten Brennstoff zu trocknen. Da die zur Trocknung erforderliche Energie ansonsten bei der Verbrennung benötigt würde, geht keine Energie verloren. Da die zur Trocknung erforderliche Energie, genauer gesagt, die erforderliche Wärme, bei einer relativ niedrigen Temperatur benötigt wird, ist es auch ther- modynamisch günstiger, den Brennstoff zunächst mit Wärme niedrigerer Temperatur zu trocknen als eine Reduktion der bei Verbrennungstemperatur vorliegenden Wärme hinzunehmen. Aus diesen Gründen ist die Brennstofftrocknung im Stand der Technik üblich. Jedoch wurde bisher hierzu Dampf vor seiner vollständigen Entspannung aus einer Turbine angezapft. Mit der Erfindung muss weniger Dampf vor der vollständigen Entspannung entnommen werden, so dass dieser Dampf zur Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie oder für andere Zwecke zur Verfügung steht . In the interest of a controlled as possible and thus possible low-pollutant combustion, it makes sense, the used To dry fuel. Since the energy required for drying would otherwise be required during combustion, no energy is lost. Since the energy required for drying, more specifically, the required heat, is needed at a relatively low temperature, it is also thermodynamically more favorable to first dry the fuel with heat of lower temperature than to accept a reduction in the heat present at combustion temperature. For these reasons, fuel drying is common in the art. However, to date steam has been tapped from a turbine prior to its complete relaxation. With the invention less vapor must be removed before complete relaxation, so that this steam is available for the production of electrical energy or for other purposes.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist zur Kühlung des Generators ein Kühlmittelkreislauf vorhanden, wobei der Kühl¬ mittelkreislauf einen Wärmetauscher aufweist, mit dem bei der Kühlung des Generators vom Kühlmittel aufgenommene Abwärme zur Erwärmung von zu erwärmenden Stoffen abgegeben werden kann. Bei dem Kühlmittel kann es sich um verschiedene Fluide handeln. Dabei kommen gasförmige Fluide wie etwa Luft oder Wasserstoff in Betracht, es sind aber ebenso flüssige Fluide denkbar wie etwa Wasser. In one embodiment of the invention, a coolant circuit is provided for cooling the generator, wherein the cooling medium ¬ circuit has a heat exchanger, with the waste heat received by the coolant during cooling of the generator for heating substances to be heated can be dispensed. The coolant may be different fluids. In this case, gaseous fluids such as air or hydrogen come into consideration, but there are also conceivable liquid fluids such as water.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Abwärme zur Speisewasservorwärmung nutzbar. Die Speisewasservorwärmung mit Dampf, der vor seiner vollständigen Entspannung aus der Turbine abgezweigt wird, ist eine übliche Maßnahme zur Stei¬ gerung des Wirkungsgrads. Durch die Verwendung von Abwärme aus dem Generator muss weniger Dampf vor der vollständigen Entspannung entnommen werden, so dass dieser Dampf zur Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie oder für andere Zwecke zur Verfügung steht. In one embodiment of the invention, the waste heat for feedwater pre-heating is available. The feed water to steam, which is diverted from the turbine before it is complete relaxation, is a common measure to Stei ¬ delay in efficiency. By using waste heat from the generator, less steam must be removed before complete relaxation, so that this steam is available for the production of electrical energy or for other purposes.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das aus dem Kondensator kommendes Speisewasser vor einer anderweitigen Er wärmung mit der Abwärme des Generators erwärmbar. Das bedeu¬ tet, die erste gezielte Erwärmung des Speisewassers nach dem Austritt des Speisewassers aus dem Kondensator erfolgt durch die Abwärme des Generators. Damit soll nicht ausgeschlossen werden, dass eine geringfügige Erwärmung etwa durch Umge¬ bungswärme bereits vor Erwärmung durch die Abwärme des Gene¬ rators erfolgen kann. Ausgesagt aber werden soll, dass bei dieser Ausführungsform vor der Erwärmung durch die Abwärme keine anderweitige gezielte Erwärmung erfolgen soll. Damit soll verhindert werden, dass die Temperatur des Speisewassers bereits so hoch ist, dass die Temperatur der Abwärme zur Er¬ wärmung nicht mehr ausreicht. Hierbei muss bedacht werden, dass zum Übertragen der Wärme stets Temperaturdifferenzen erforderlich sind. So ist eine Temperaturdifferenz erforderlich um die Wärme vom Generator auf das Kühlmittel zu übertragen und wiederum eine Temperaturdifferenz um Wärme vom Kühlmittel auf das Speisewasser - oder auf andere zu erwärmende Stoffe - zu übertragen. In one embodiment of the invention, the feed water coming from the condenser is ahead of another one Heating with the waste heat of the generator can be heated. The signified ¬ tet, the first targeted heating of the feed water after the exit of the feed water from the condenser is effected by the waste heat of the generator. So that a slight warming can be done for example by Vice ¬ environment heat before heating by the waste heat of the genes ¬ rators should not be excluded. It should be said, however, that in this embodiment, prior to heating by the waste heat no other purposeful heating should take place. This is to prevent that the temperature of the feedwater is already so high that the temperature of the waste heat for He ¬ heating is no longer sufficient. It must be remembered that temperature differences are always required to transfer the heat. Thus, a temperature difference is required to transfer the heat from the generator to the coolant and in turn to transfer a temperature difference to heat from the coolant to the feed water - or other substances to be heated.
An dieser Stelle soll erwähnt werden, dass es sich bei der Abwärme um Wärme handelt, die bei vergleichsweise niedriger Temperatur auftritt, so dass normalerweise nur Dampf ersetzt werden kann, der bei vergleichsweise niedrigem Druck und entsprechend niedriger Temperatur vor der vollständigen Entspannung entnommen würde. Damit wird durch die Nutzung der Abwärme des Generators Dampf eingespart, der nur noch einen überschaubaren Beitrag zur mechanischen Arbeit und zur elektrischen Energie leisten kann. Dennoch leistet die Erfindung einen relevanten Beitrag den Wirkungsgrad einer thermischen Kraftanlage zu steigern. At this point, it should be mentioned that the waste heat is heat that occurs at a comparatively low temperature, so that normally only steam can be replaced, which would be taken at relatively low pressure and correspondingly low temperature before complete relaxation. This saves steam by using the waste heat of the generator, which can only make a manageable contribution to mechanical work and electrical energy. Nevertheless, the invention makes a relevant contribution to increase the efficiency of a thermal power plant.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, welche die Erwärmung des Speisewassers durch Abwärme vor einer anderweitigen Erwärmung weiterbildet, kann das aus dem Kondensator kommende Speisewasser direkt in einen Wärmetauscher zur Übertragung von Wärme aus dem Kühlmittel an das Speisewasser geführt wer¬ den. Unter einer direkten Führung ist zu verstehen, dass ab- gesehen von Leitungen sowie gegebenenfalls Pumpen und Venti¬ len keine wesentlichen Komponenten vorhanden sind. Wie bereits oben ausgeführt soll damit erreicht werden, dass die erste wesentliche Erwärmung des aus dem Kondensator kommenden Speisewassers durch die Abwärme des Generators, bei der vor¬ liegenden Ausführungsform also im Wärmetauscher erfolgt. In one embodiment of the invention, which further develops the heating of the feedwater by waste heat before otherwise heating, the feed water coming from the condenser can be led directly into a heat exchanger for the transfer of heat from the coolant to the feed water who ¬ . Direct leadership is understood to mean that seen from lines and optionally pumps and Venti ¬ len no essential components are present. As already stated above should be achieved so that the first substantial heating of the feed water coming from the condenser by the waste heat of the generator, ie when ahead ¬ embodiment takes place in the heat exchanger.
Allerdings ist es nicht zwingend das vom Kondensator kommende Speisewasser direkt in den Wärmetauscher zu führen. So könnte zuerst eine anderweitige Bearbeitung, etwa eine Reinigung, erfolgen. Es dürfte im Regelfall aber unvermeidbar sein, dass keine anderweitige Erwärmung vor der Erwärmung mit der Abwärme des Generators erfolgt, da die Temperatur der Abwärme sonst zu niedrig wäre. However, it is not mandatory to feed the feed water from the condenser directly into the heat exchanger. So could otherwise be done otherwise, such as a cleaning, otherwise. As a rule, however, it should be unavoidable that no other heating takes place before the heating with the waste heat of the generator, since the temperature of the waste heat would otherwise be too low.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Abwärme zur Verbrennungsluftvorwärmung nutzbar. Die zur Verbrennung erforderliche Luft, also die Luft, welche den zur Verbrennung notwendigen Sauerstoff mitführt, wird bisweilen vorgewärmt. Es ist thermodynamisch günstiger, die Luft zunächst mit Wärme bei niedrigerer Temperatur vorzuwärmen als eine Reduktion der bei Verbrennungstemperatur vorliegenden Wärme hinzunehmen. Da die Verbrennungsluft mit Umgebungstemperatur der thermischen Kraftanlage zugeführt wird, also mit vergleichsweise niedri¬ ger Temperatur, stellt die Vorwärmung mit der Abwärme des Generators eine sinnvolle Nutzung der Abwärme dar. Zur prakti¬ schen Umsetzung ist im Regelfall ein Wärmetauscher vorzusehen . In one embodiment of the invention, the waste heat for combustion air preheating can be used. The air required for combustion, ie the air which carries the oxygen necessary for combustion, is sometimes preheated. It is thermodynamically more favorable to first preheat the air with heat at a lower temperature than to accept a reduction in the heat present at the combustion temperature. Since the combustion air is supplied with ambient temperature of the thermal power plant, ie with comparatively niedri ¬ ger temperature, the preheating with the waste heat of the generator is a sensible use of waste heat. For prakti ¬ rule implementation is usually provided a heat exchanger.
Die Erfindung betrifft ebenso ein zugehöriges Verfahren. The invention also relates to an associated method.
Anhand einer Figur sollen weitere Einzelheiten nachfolgend näher dargestellt werden. With reference to a figure further details will be shown in more detail below.
Die Figur zeigt eine sehr vereinfachte Darstellung einer thermischen Kraftanlage. In einem Kessel 1 wird das Speise¬ wasser erhitzt und verdampft. Über eine Leitung 2 wird der Dampf in eine Hochdruckturbine 2 geführt. Nach der Entspan- nung des Dampfs in der Hochdruckturbine 2 führt eine Leitung 3 zu einer Mitteldruckturbine 4. Dabei erfolgt eine Zwischen- überhitzung des Dampfs, wie durch die Zacken in der Leitung 3 angezeigt werden soll. Von der Mitteldruckturbine 4 wird der Dampf durch eine Leitung 5 in eine Niederdruckturbine 6 ge¬ führt. Nach der Entspannung in der Niederdruckturbine 6 wird der Dampf, der bereits eine gewisse Nässe aufweist, durch ei¬ ne Leitung 7 in einen Kondensator 8 geführt. Die Hochdruckturbine 2, die Mitteldruckturbine 4 und die Niederdrucktur- bine 6 liegen auf einer gemeinsamen Welle 9, welche einen Generator 10 antreibt, in dem die mechanische Energie in elekt¬ rische Energie umgewandelt wird. Dabei entsteht Abwärme, wel¬ che durch einen Kühlmittelkreislauf 11 abgeführt wird. Der Kühlmittelkreislauf 11 führt zu einem Wärmetauscher 12. Aus der Kondensation von Dampf im Kondensator 8 gewonnenes Speisewasser wird in einer Speisewasserleitung 13 ebenfalls durch den Wärmetauscher 12 geführt. Damit wird die vom Kühlmittel¬ kreislauf 11 aus dem Generator 10 abgeführte Abwärme auf das Speisewasser übertragen. In der Fig. 1 nicht dargestellt sind im weiteren Verlauf der Speisewasserleitung 13 angeordneteThe figure shows a very simplified representation of a thermal power plant. In a boiler 1, the feed water is heated and evaporated. Via a line 2, the steam is fed into a high-pressure turbine 2. After the relaxation tion of the steam in the high-pressure turbine 2 leads a line 3 to a medium-pressure turbine 4. In this case, there is an intermediate overheating of the steam, as should be indicated by the teeth in the line 3. From the medium-pressure turbine 4, the steam is ge ¬ through a line 5 to a low-pressure turbine. 6 After expansion in the low pressure turbine 6 of the steam, which already has a certain moisture is passed through ei ¬ ne line 7 in a capacitor. 8 The high-pressure turbine 2, the intermediate-pressure turbine 4 and the Niederdrucktur- bine 6 lie on a common shaft 9 which drives a generator 10, in which the mechanical energy into elekt ¬ innovative energy is converted. This results in waste heat, wel ¬ che is discharged through a coolant circuit 11. The coolant circuit 11 leads to a heat exchanger 12 from the condensation of steam in the condenser 8 recovered feed water is also performed in a feedwater line 13 through the heat exchanger 12. Thus, the discharged from the coolant ¬ circulation 11 from the generator 10 waste heat is transferred to the feed water. Not shown in FIG. 1 are arranged in the further course of the feedwater line 13
Vorwärmstufen, in denen das Speisewasser mit Dampf vorgewärmt wird. Der Dampf wird hierzu - ebenfalls nicht dargestellt - aus der Niederdruckturbine 6 vor der vollständigen Entspannung entnommen. Durch Vorwärmung im Wärmetauscher 12 wird hierfür weniger Dampf benötigt, so dass der Wirkungsgrad ge¬ steigert werden kann. Preheating stages in which the feed water is preheated with steam. The steam is this - also not shown - taken from the low-pressure turbine 6 before complete relaxation. By preheating in the heat exchanger 12 less steam is required for this, so that the efficiency ge ¬ can be increased.
Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch das bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiel näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele einge¬ schränkt und andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen . Although the invention in detail by the preferred embodiment has been illustrated and described in detail, the invention is not limited ¬ by the disclosed examples and other variations can be derived therefrom by the skilled artisan without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Thermische Kraftanlage mit einem Generator (10), 1. Thermal power plant with a generator (10),
aufweisend eine Kühlung (11) für den Generator (10), wobei die bei der Kühlung freiwerdende Abwärme des Genera¬ tors (10) zur Brennstofftrocknung, insbesondere zur Trocknung von Kohle, nutzbar ist. comprising a cooling (11) where the released during the cooling waste heat of the genera ¬ gate (10) for the generator (10) for fuel drying, in particular for drying of coal, can be used.
2. Thermische Kraftanlage nach Anspruch 1, 2. Thermal power plant according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
zur Kühlung des Generators (10) ein Kühlmittelkreislauf (11) vorhanden ist,  for cooling the generator (10) a coolant circuit (11) is present,
wobei der Kühlmittelkreislauf (11) einen Wärmetauscher (12) aufweist, mit dem bei der Kühlung des Generators (10) vom Kühlmittel aufgenommene Abwärme zur Erwärmung von zu erwär¬ menden Stoffen abgegeben werden kann. wherein the coolant circuit (11) has a heat exchanger (12), with which in the cooling of the generator (10) absorbed by the coolant waste heat for heating to erwär ¬ ing substances can be delivered.
3. Thermische Kraftanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 3. Thermal power plant according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
die Abwärme zur Speisewasservorwärmung nutzbar ist.  the waste heat can be used for feedwater pre-heating.
4. Thermische Kraftanlage nach Anspruch 3, 4. Thermal power plant according to claim 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
aus einem Kondensator (8) kommendes Speisewasser vor einer anderweitigen Erwärmung mit der Abwärme des Generators (10) erwärmbar ist.  from a condenser (8) incoming feed water before another heating with the waste heat of the generator (10) can be heated.
5. Thermische Kraftanlage nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 5. Thermal power plant according to the preceding claim, characterized in that
das aus dem Kondensator (8) kommende Speisewasser direkt in den Wärmetauscher (12) zur Übertragung von Wärme aus dem Kühlmittel an das Speisewasser geführt werden kann.  the feed water coming from the condenser (8) can be fed directly into the heat exchanger (12) for the transfer of heat from the coolant to the feed water.
6. Thermische Kraftanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 6. Thermal power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
die Abwärme zur Verbrennungsluftvorwärmung nutzbar ist. the waste heat for combustion air preheating is available.
Verfahren zur Nutzung von Abwärme eines Generators (10) einer thermischen Kraftanlage, insbesondere einer thermischen Kraftanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Abwärme des Generators (10) zur Brennstoff¬ trocknung, insbesondere zur Trocknung von Kohle, eingesetzt wird . Method for utilizing waste heat of a generator (10) of a thermal power plant, in particular a thermal power plant according to one of the preceding claims, in which the waste heat of the generator (10) for fuel ¬ drying, in particular for drying coal, is used.
EP14766998.0A 2013-11-05 2014-09-18 Thermal power plant with use of the waste heat from a generator Withdrawn EP3042050A1 (en)

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