Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
  • F21K9/90—Methods of manufacture
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F21V19/00—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
  • F21V19/001—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders the light sources being semiconductors devices, e.g. LEDs
  • F21V19/0015—Fastening arrangements intended to retain light sources
  • F21V19/0025—Fastening arrangements intended to retain light sources the fastening means engaging the conductors of the light source, i.e. providing simultaneous fastening of the light sources and their electric connections
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
  • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
  • G01J3/02—Details
  • G01J3/10—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
  • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
  • G02B19/0019—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors)
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
  • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
  • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
  • G02B19/0061—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a LED
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
  • F21Y2113/00—Combination of light sources
  • F21Y2113/10—Combination of light sources of different colours
  • F21Y2113/13—Combination of light sources of different colours comprising an assembly of point-like light sources
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
  • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
  • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
  • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
  • G01J3/02—Details
  • G01J3/10—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
  • G01J2003/102—Plural sources
  • G01J2003/104—Monochromatic plural sources
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
  • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
  • G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
  • G01J2003/1286—Polychromator in general

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a light emitter. It also relates to the transmitter obtained by such a method.
• the field of the invention is more particularly but not limited to that of miniaturized light emitters such as a "multichip” emitter with micrometric electroluminescent diodes, for applications such as optical spectroscopy or multispectral lighting.
• the stakes of the lighting industry are of a colorimetric and photometric order: their goal is to obtain a maximum of flux, often expressed in lumen, and to optimize the colorimetric rendering to obtain the white light of the best quality possible based on the Colorimetric Rendering Index.
• the lighting market requires a maximum of lumen flow.
• the "multichip” transmitters existing on the market maximize the density of sources (or “chips”, typically micro-LEDs) in the lamp to have more light intensity and design specific optical collectors.
• sources or “chips”, typically micro-LEDs
• This is particularly the case of the patent US20120068198 filed by Created in 2011.
• the highlights of this patent are the design of the positioning of sources to maximize the density of sources. The design is done in order to optimize the output and obtain a good color rendering.
• the aim of the invention is to propose a method for manufacturing a light emitter that can be used in markets other than lighting, particularly in scientific markets such as absorption or fluorescence spectroscopy. lighting for microscopy or endoscopy, or communication by visible light (LIFI).
• markets other than lighting particularly in scientific markets such as absorption or fluorescence spectroscopy.
• LIFI visible light
• a method of manufacturing a light emitter comprising several distinct light sources and a support common to all sources, each source being arranged to emit a light beam at a so-called working wavelength, characterized in that it comprises:
• the spectral multiplexer comprising an optical assembly having chromatic dispersion properties (preferably chromatic aberration, typically chromatic aberration of a lens and / or a prism, preferably lateral chromatic aberration); the positions of these sources being determined so that for this placement of the transmitter and for these positions of the sources, the optical assembly is arranged to spatially bring the light beams of the sources (thanks to its chromatic dispersion properties or preferably of chromatic aberration) so that the multiplexer spatially superimposes said light beams,
• each source on the support at its previously determined position each source on the support at its previously determined position.
• Each source can be fixed on the support at its previously determined position so that the sources are distributed along the direction of attachment in ascending order of working wavelength.
• the attachment may include source attachment on at least two parallel attachment axes extending along the attachment direction. Of all the sources, two sources having adjacent positions along the direction of attachment are preferably not fixed on the same axis of attachment. In the case with several fixing axes:
• each source may have a quadrilateral shape, preferably a square or a rhombus shape; for at least part of the sources one after the other along the direction of attachment, each source preferably has one of its diagonals of its quadrilateral shape aligned with one of the attachment axes; and or
• the sources can be distributed over the various fixing axes so that each fixing axis corresponds to a working wavelength interval of the sources distributed on this axis, so that there is no need for intersection between the working wavelength intervals of the different attachment axes; and or for each fastening axis considered individually, it is possible to fix each source of this axis on the support at its position previously determined, so that the sources of this axis are distributed along the direction of attachment. in ascending order of working wavelength.
• the optical assembly may comprise an optical system having a lateral chromatic aberration, the source positions corresponding to off-axis use of the optical system.
• the optical assembly may comprise a diffraction grating.
• each source may comprise a capture of the source by a suction tip, and a deposit of the source by the suction tip on the support.
• the support can be coated with adhesive before each source is deposited, and each source can be deposited on the adhesive.
• the transmitter may include source control electronics arranged to control each source independently of other sources.
• the method according to the invention may comprise, after the setting, a combination of the transmitter with the multiplexer at its placement considered when determining the source positions.
• Each source is preferably almost monochromatic.
• Each source may comprise (preferably may consist of) a light emitting diode.
• the support may be integral with an electronic chip provided with connection tabs arranged to fix the chip on an electronic circuit.
• the optical assembly may comprise a lens and / or a prism and / or a diffraction grating.
• a transmitter obtained by a manufacturing method according to the invention, or a emitter plus multiplexer assembly obtained by a manufacturing method according to the invention.
• a light emitter (preferably an assembly of this emitter plus a multiplexer comprising an optical assembly having chromatic dispersion properties), said emitter comprising a plurality of different light sources and a support common to all sources, each source being arranged to emit a light beam at a so-called working wavelength, each source having on the support a position along a direction of attachment (defined as a function of the optical properties of the spectral multiplexer, the working wavelength of this source and of a placement of the transmitter with respect to the multiplexer in the case of the emitter + multiplexer assembly, so that the optical assembly is arranged to bring the light beams spatially closer to the sources thanks to its chromatic dispersion properties and so that the multiplexer spatially superimposes said light beams).
• the sources are preferably distributed along the attachment direction in ascending order of working wavelength. All sources considered globally are preferably distributed along the direction of attachment in ascending order of working wavelength.
• the sources may be distributed over at least two parallel attachment axes extending along the direction of attachment. Of all the sources, two sources having adjacent positions along the direction of attachment are preferably not fixed on the same axis of attachment. In the case with several fixing axes:
• each source may have a quadrilateral shape, preferably a square or a rhombus shape; for at least part of the sources one after the other along the direction of attachment, each source preferably has one of its diagonals of its quadrilateral shape aligned with one of the attachment axes; and or
• the sources can be distributed over the various fixing axes so that each fixing axis corresponds to a working wavelength interval of the sources distributed over this axis, so that there is no intersection between the working wavelength intervals of the different axes of attachment; and or
• each fastening axis considered individually it is possible to fix each source of this axis on the support at its position previously determined, so that the sources of this axis are distributed along the direction of attachment. in ascending order of working wavelength. In this case, all sources considered globally may not be distributed along the direction of attachment in increasing order of working wavelength.
• the transmitter may include source control electronics arranged to control each source independently of other sources.
• Each source is preferably almost monochromatic.
• Each source may comprise (preferably may consist of) a light emitting diode.
• the support may be integral with an electronic chip provided with connection tabs arranged to fix the chip on an electronic circuit.
• the optical assembly may comprise an optical system having a lateral chromatic aberration, the positions of the sources corresponding to an off-axis use of the optical system, and / or
• the optical assembly may comprise (or consist of) a lens and / or a prism and / or a diffraction grating.
• FIG. 1 illustrates the emission spectra of two light sources used in the embodiments of emitters according to the invention described below
• FIG. 2 illustrates an arrangement for a first embodiment of a manufacturing method according to the invention for manufacturing a first transmitter embodiment according to the invention
• FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the first emitter embodiment according to the invention obtained by the method illustrated in FIG. 2;
• FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a second transmitter embodiment according to the invention
• FIGS. 5 to 9 illustrate elements taken into account for a second embodiment of a manufacturing method according to the invention for manufacturing the second transmitter embodiment according to the invention
• FIG. 10 is a more general view of a transmitter 1 according to the invention.
• FIG. 11 illustrates a support 2 of a transmitter 1 according to the invention, and the sources fixed to this support 2,
• FIG. 12 illustrates a variant for a support 2 of a transmitter 1 according to the invention, and the sources fixed to this support 2,
• FIG. 13 illustrates another variant for a support 2 of a transmitter 1 according to the invention, and the sources fixed to this support 2,
• FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a support variant 2 of a transmitter 1 according to the invention provided with reliefs,
• FIGS. 15 and 16 are side views of a variant for which the support 2 of a transmitter 1 according to the invention is inclined.
• FIG. 17 is a view from above of a support 2 of a transmitter 1 according to the invention, and sources fixed to this support 2 in the case of chromatic dispersion properties comprising chromatic folds in the plane of the support 2. like an apochromatic lens.
• variants of the invention comprising only a selection of characteristics described subsequently isolated from the other characteristics described (even if this selection is isolated within a sentence comprising these other characteristics), if this selection of characteristics is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the art.
• This selection comprises at least one feature preferably functional without structural details, or with only a part of the structural details if this part alone is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art.
• An emitter 1 according to the invention as described below comprises N distinct light sources, N being a natural integer greater than or equal to 2 (preferably greater than or equal to 3, preferably greater than or equal to 10).
• Each light source emits its working wavelength in the visible range (between 340 nm and 800 nm).
• Each spectrum ⁇ , ( ⁇ ), respectively I i + i ( ⁇ ), is in the form of a "bell-shaped" curve (for example a Gaussian) having a peak at the so-called working wavelength ⁇ ,, respectively ⁇ , + ⁇ . This peak has a relatively low half-height width relative to the working wavelength.
• a first light source S has a bell emission spectrum with:
• a second light source S i + i has a bell emission spectrum with:
• the half-height width ⁇ , of the light source S is small compared to the wavelength ⁇ , because ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ 1, preferably ⁇ 7 ⁇ , ⁇ 10, preferably ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ 100
• the half-height width ⁇ , + ⁇ of the light source S i + i is small relative to the wavelength ⁇ , + ⁇ because ⁇ , + ⁇ / ⁇ , + ⁇ ⁇ 1, preferably ⁇ , + ⁇ / ⁇ , + ⁇ , preferably ⁇ , + ⁇ / ⁇ , + ⁇ .
• Each source has a working wavelength distinct from the working wavelength of the other sources.
• Each source S emits its working wavelength ⁇ at a luminous intensity at least ten times (preferably 100 times) higher compared to the other sources, that is to say that:
• N but k ⁇ i (preferably 7 ⁇ ( ⁇ .)> 100 ( ⁇ .)).
• the working wavelength of each source is not emitted by the other sources.
• each light source comprises (preferably consists of) a light-emitting diode (LED or "LED” in English for "Light-Emitting Diode”).
• LEDs are light sources having a longer life than the light sources usually used in devices such as a spectrometer, such as incandescent or discharge sources.
• LEDs have the advantage of being small in size and low cost.
• Each source comprises or is an encapsulated type light emitting diode.
• each source here each comprises at least one light emitting diode or "LED chip” ("LED chip” in English) which emits light and placed in a housing allowing, on the one hand, to dissipate the heat released by each chip when it emits (thus ensuring a constant temperature, for example with the help of a Pelletier module as is done conventionally), and, secondly, to bring the electric power (in particular the electric current) up to each chip for its operation.
• the housing is therefore generally made of a thermally resistant material and electrically insulating such as an epoxy polymer such as epoxy resin, or a ceramic.
• each source is intended to operate at a given temperature and at a given electrical intensity.
• each position is carried out under this assumption of given temperature and given electrical intensity, which corresponds to the optimum operating point.
• variations of 1 or 2 nanometers in wavelength are in any case not dramatic for an LED comprising a spectrum of about ten nanometers in width at half-height, in particular when using an optical assembly 6 comprising a prism 51 (second embodiment described below) or an optical system 25 used off axis and having a lateral chromatic aberration (first embodiment described later) which does not select a part reduced by this spectrum but transmits the entire spectrum of each light beam emitted by each source and passing through this optical assembly 6.
• the housing generally comprises two metal tabs which are connected to the support 2 respectively to an anode and a cathode.
• each source attachment on the support 2 typically comprises a fixing of the source directly in its housing by welding (typically SM D welding) of the housing on the support 2.
• This case has the disadvantage of requiring a spacing between two sources greater than the size of the chips, because at least equal to the size of the boxes.
• each source attachment on the support 2 typically comprises a fixation of the source on the support 2 via glue.
• the source on the support 2 typically comprises a fixation of the source on the support 2 via glue.
• Each source (“LED chip”) has a flat (preferably Lambertian) light emitting surface extending parallel to a plane (and is arranged to emit its beam preferably in a mean direction perpendicular to this plane), so that the thickness of this source is defined perpendicularly to this plane and the diameter of this source is defined as being the minimum diameter of a circle contained in this plane and able to surround this source.
• the diameter of each source is preferably less than 1 millimeter, more preferably less than 300 micrometers.
• a first embodiment will be a manufacturing method including source position measurements.
• a second embodiment will be a manufacturing method including source position calculations.
• the manufacturing method according to the invention comprises:
• the spectral multiplexer 4 comprising an optical assembly 6 exhibiting chromatic dispersion properties; the positions X 1 to X N of the sources S 1 to S N are determined so that, for this placement 5 of the transmitter and for these positions X 1 to X N of the sources S 1 to S N , the optical assembly 6 is arranged to bring spatially the light beams of the sources Si at S N by virtue of its chromatic dispersion properties so that the multiplexer 4 spatially superimposes (at least partially, preferably completely) said light beams into a multiplexed light beam 26,
• each source Si to S N on the support 2 at its position X 1 to X N previously determined, so that the sources S 1 to S N are distributed along the direction 3 (preferably in increasing order of working wavelength Ai to A N , the sources Si to S N are preferably arranged in increasing order of chromaticity.) according to the law or the chromatic dispersion properties of the multiplexer spectral 4.
• the determination step is implemented by technical means (measurement means, typically a detector and a possible filter, or calculation means).
• the emitter 1 thus obtained is arranged so that, when associated with the multiplexer 4, the multiplexer 4 implements a spectral multiplexing of the beams emitted by the sources Si to S N.
• Spectral multiplexing refers to the spatial combination of several light beams each contributing to the final spectral composition of a light beam 26 of parallel rays, said "collimated" light beam 26.
• the multiplexed light beam 26 is therefore a polychromatic light beam since it includes several mixed wavelengths
• chromatic dispersion according to the invention includes chromatic aberrations.
• a chromatic aberration of an optical assembly 6 is a variation of the position of the focusing point of an incident light beam collimated on this optical assembly 6 and then passing through this optical assembly 6, depending on the wavelength of this light beam.
• a lateral chromatic aberration of an optical assembly 6 is a variation of the lateral position (ie perpendicular to the optical axis A1 of the optical system 25) of point of focusing of an incident light beam collimated on this optical assembly 6 and then passing through this optical assembly 6, depending on the wavelength of this light beam.
• Free space refers to any spatial medium of signal routing: air, space inter-sidereal, void, etc., as opposed to a material transport medium, such as optical fiber or wired or coaxial transmission lines.
• this feature offers a greater freedom of positioning of light sources Si S N which reduces the production cost according to the invention and makes possible a production chain. Indeed, it is dispensed with a coupling action between an optical fiber and a source for each of the sources.
• a first embodiment of a manufacturing method according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 to manufacture a first emitter embodiment 1 according to the invention.
• the optical assembly 6 comprises at least one optical system 25 used off axis and having a lateral chromatic aberration.
• This lateral chromatic aberration forms the property of chromatic dispersion according to the invention. Off-axis use accentuates or even reveals the lateral spatial dispersion of wavelengths. One can also speak of chromaticism of apparent size.
• optical system 25 The cost of such an optical system 25 is generally low because, intrinsically, any optical system exploited off axis has lateral chromatic aberration, if it is not specifically corrected for this aberration by means of solutions. known in the optical design.
• the light sources Si at S N can be placed respectively at the focal points of the optical system 25 corresponding to the wavelengths ⁇ i ⁇ ⁇ , so that their light beams are multiplexed at the output of the optical system 25.
• the optical system 25 is said to be "off-axis", that is to say outside its optical axis A1. In other words, an incident light beam converging at the object focus of the optical system does not stand out. of this optical system parallel to the optical axis Al of said system.
• the focal points of the optical system 25 corresponding to different wavelengths ⁇ to ⁇ ⁇ are sufficiently separated to be able to place the corresponding light sources Si at S N at the location of these foci. In doing so, the spectral multiplexing is precisely and automatically performed by the aberrant optical system used off axis.
• the step of determining the position of each source Si at S N is performed by a measurement.
• the multiplexer 4 consists of the optical assembly 6.
• the optical assembly 6 comprises (and even consists of) the optical system 25 off axis, that is to say in this example a thick biconcave lens 25 of optical axis Al which is exploited chromatic aberrations.
• the lens 25 has focal points Fi to F N corresponding to the wavelengths ⁇ to ⁇ ⁇ . Because of the lateral chromatic aberration, these foci are distinct and separated, aligned along a line intersecting with the optical axis A1 of the lens 25.
• the optical assembly 6 thus comprises an optical system (the lens 25 in this particular case) having a lateral chromatic aberration, the determined positions of the sources Si at S N corresponding to an off-axis use of the optical system.
• a detector 8 is used which has the same shape (here, plane) as the support 2.
• the detector 8 is arranged to detect a focused light beam on it, and to determine a position of the focusing point of this beam on the surface of the beam. detection of this detector 8.
• the detector 8 is typically a matrix detector (CCD camera ("Charge-Coupled Device") or PDA (Photo Diode Array) or PMT ("Photo Multiplier Tube”)) or not (for example a PSD diode for "Sensitive Detector Position”).
• CCD camera Charge-Coupled Device
• PDA Photo Diode Array
• PMT Photo Multiplier Tube
• this support 2 being plane and positioned perpendicularly to the axis Al of the lens 25.
• the detector 8 is placed at this position 5 with respect to the multiplexer 4, that is to say in this example:
• the other face 10 of the lens 25 is illuminated by a collimated beam 27 of white light, corresponding to use outside the Al axis of the lens 25.
• a very selective filter 18 band pass filter, width at 10 nm height
• allowing the working wavelength ⁇ of this source to pass typically leaving at least 90% of the intensity of this wavelength ⁇ ,, but blocking the working wavelengths of the other sources (typically blocking at least 90% of the intensity of these wavelengths, preferably blocking at least 99.9% of the intensity of these wavelengths).
• the position X of the source S is thus determined as being the position of the focusing point detected by the detector 8.
• the position 18a is very clearly preferred. Indeed, the filter 18 is generally optimized and functions better at a given incidence (normal incidence in the case of FIG. 2), and at the position 18a there is no variation in the incidence of the different lengths of waves on the filter 18, while at the position 18b the different wavelengths have different effects on the filter 18.
• filter 18 can be dispensed with by replacing the white beam 27 with a monochromatic beam 27 at the working wavelength ⁇ of the source S whose position X ,, is sought to be determined and changing. therefore monochromatic wavelength of the beam 27 for each source S,.
• FIGS. 4 to 9 a second embodiment of a manufacturing method according to the invention for manufacturing a second emitter embodiment according to the invention.
• the step of determining the position of each source Si at S N is performed by a calculation.
• the optical assembly 6 comprises an achromatic doublet 55 and a prism 51 whose chromatic dispersion properties are exploited (more precisely the chromatic aberration properties).
• This chromatic aberration forms the property of chromatic dispersion according to the invention in this embodiment.
• the prism 51 transforms a collimated white beam 27 into a multitude of collimated monochromatic beams 28 whose directions depend on their wavelength
• the doublet 55 focuses the collimated beams 28 in its focal plane as a function of their direction (but not of their wavelength).
• n is the optical index of the prism 51 (function of the wavelength of the radius ⁇ ); for example, FIG. 6 illustrates the value of n as a function of the wavelength ⁇ in the case of a SF11 glass prism 51.
• the achromatic doublet 55 conjugates a collimated beam 28 (point at infinity) at a point of its focal plane according to the relation:
• the focal length of the achromatic doublet 55 is almost independent of ⁇ . To decrease the focal length and / or to increase the aperture one can rather use a triplet.
• the calculating means typically comprise a processor, typically an analog and / or digital electronic circuit, and / or a microprocessor and / or a central unit of a computer.
• This calculation determination step could be completed by an optical design step: radiometric optimization.
• This calculation step consists of simulating the source + optical system assembly in the real operating direction in order to optimize the collimated output white beam by slight modifications of the position of the sources as well as the radii of curvature, thicknesses and / or positions of the optics of the multiplexer.
• the manufacturing method according to the invention it glosses comprises a fixation, along the fixation section 3, of each source Si to S N on the support 2 at its position X1 to X N previously determined, so that the sources Si to S N are distributed along the direction of attachment 3 in increasing order of working wave length ⁇ to ⁇ ⁇ and according to the law or the properties of chromatic dispersion of the spectral multiplexer.
• the support 2 is a flat surface integral with an electronic chip 11 provided with connecting lugs 12 arranged to fix the chip 11 on an electronic circuit and to allow each source Si to S N to be supplied with electricity independently.
• the support 2 is covered with a collar before the deposit of each source Si at S N.
• a collar before the deposit of each source Si at S N.
• either conductive glue or insulating collar is used.
• this source is seized by a suction point, and the source S is deposited on the support 2 (more precisely in contact with the glue) by the suction point, in its position. X, previously determined.
• the projection of the tip on the plane of the support 2 remains fixed, and the support 2 is mounted on a piezoelectric displacement plate and is movable so as to deposit the source S, at its good position X, previously determined. .
• An additional cooking step is implemented to permanently fix the glue.
• the attachment comprises a fixation of the sources Si to S N over at least two (of preferably at least three, preferably three) parallel attachment axes 13, 14, 15 extending along the direction of attachment 3.
• the sources do not necessarily have the same coordinates Yi to Y N perpendicular to the direction 3.
• the size of the sources Si is reduced to S N by
• the transmitter 1 according to the invention obtained by a manufacturing method according to the invention, is particularly clever in that it comprises sources Si to S N over at least two (preferably at least three, from preferably three) parallel fixing pins 13, 14, 15 extending along the fixing direction 3.
• the sources S i to S N there are pairs of two sources (e.g. Sio and Su, or Su and Si 2, or S i2 and Si 3, or Si 3 and Si 4 or S i4 and Si 5) having along the direction of attachment 3 of the neighboring positions (ie without third source having an intermediate position along the attachment direction 3 between the positions of these two sources along the direction of attachment 3) but which are not fixed on the same attachment axis 13, 14, 15.
• two sources e.g. Sio and Su, or Su and Si 2, or S i2 and Si 3, or Si 3 and Si 4 or S i4 and Si 5
• the sources Si at S N comprise two sets: a first set of sources S1 to S9, and
• a second set of sources S10 to S15 whose working wavelengths K 10 to K 15 are greater than all the working wavelengths ⁇ to ⁇ 9 of the sources of the first set.
• All the sources of the second set belong to a pair of two sources (eg Sio and Su, or Su and Si 2 , or S i2 and Si 3 , or Si 3 and S i 4 , or Si 4 and S15) having the fixing direction 3 of neighboring positions but which are not fixed on the same attachment axis 13, 14, 15.
• a pair of two sources eg Sio and Su, or Su and Si 2 , or S i2 and Si 3 , or Si 3 and S i 4 , or Si 4 and S15
• Each source is connected to an anode 16 and to a cathode 17 (typically by a micro-welding of gold wire).
• the transmitter 1 comprises the support 2 and the sources Si to S N.
• the transmitter 1 may further comprise the chip 11 secured to the support 2.
• the transmitter may further comprise control electronics (not shown), arranged to control each source independently of the other sources.
• this control electronics is an electronic circuit (printed circuit) on which the chip 11 is fixed.
• the manufacturing method according to the invention may comprise, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, after the fixing of each source Si to S N , an association of the transmitter 1 with the spectral multiplexer 4 considered to determine the X to X N position of each source Si to S N.
• a method for manufacturing an assembly comprising the transmitter 1 and the multiplexer is thus proposed.
• the multiplexer 4 is associated with the transmitter 1 by placing the transmitter 1 at its placement 5 considered when determining the positions X 1 to X N of sources S 1 to S N.
• the transmitter unit 1 plus the multiplexer 4 may form part of an absorption spectrometer, the spectral multiplexer 4 being adapted to mix the light beams of the sources Si to S N to form a multiplexed (or superimposed) light beam 26 intended to illuminate a sample to be analyzed.
• the support 2 is placed:
• X ref 0
• each source Si to S N has a quadrilateral, square or diamond shape.
• each source has one of its diagonals of its quadrilateral shape aligned with one of the attachment axes 13 , 14 or 15. This allows to bring the axes together, that is to say, to work with chromatic dispersions more "tightened” to obtain a more compact transmitter and thus a better collection efficiency.
• the first fastening axis 13 corresponds to a first working wavelength interval (300 to 580 nm) of the sources Si to S 8 distributed along this axis 13, and
• the second fixing axis 14 corresponds to a second working wavelength interval (620 to 860 nm) of the sources S 9 to Si 5 distributed over this axis 14,
• each source Si to S 8 of this axis 13 is fixed along the fastening direction 3 on the support 2 at its position respectively X 1 to X 8 determined according to the first or the second embodiment of the method according to the invention (measurement or calculation) previously described, so that the sources Si to S 8 of this axis 13 are distributed along the attachment direction 3 in ascending order of wavelength of work ⁇ to ⁇ 8 , and
• each source S 9 to Si 5 of this axis 14 is fixed on the support 2 at its position X 9 to Xi 5 respectively determined according to the first or the second direction.
• the second embodiment of the method according to the invention (measurement or calculation) previously described, so that the sources S 9 to Si 5 of this axis 14 are distributed along the attachment direction 3 in increasing order of length of working wave ⁇ 9 to ⁇ 5 .
• the case of Figure 13 corresponds preferably to the case of Figure 4 for which the prism 51 is replaced by a diffraction grating.
• the multiplexer and the optical assembly comprise (preferably consist of) the same diffraction grating.
• the first attachment axis 13 exploits the chromatic dispersion properties of the first order diffraction grating and the second attachment axis 14 exploits the chromatic dispersion properties of the second order diffraction grating.
• the dispersion of a diffraction grating is linear. All sources considered globally may not be distributed along the attachment direction 3 in increasing order of working wavelength. This is particularly the case, with reference to FIG. 17, when the optical assembly 6 has chromatic dispersion properties comprising chromatic folds in the plane of the support 2, as for an apochromatic lens. Note in the case of Figure 17, in view of the various parallel axes 13, 14, 15 and 40, that:
• each source Si to S 3 of this axis 40 is fixed along the support direction 3 on the support
• each source Sio, Si 2 O 14 and this axis 13 of the support 2 is fixed along the fastening direction 3 each source Sio, Si 2 O 14 and this axis 13 of the support 2 at its respective position X 10, X 2 and X i4 determined according to the first or second method embodiment of the invention (measurement or calculation) previously described, so that the sources Sio, Si 2 and S14 of this axis 13 are distributed along the attachment direction 3 by increasing order of working wavelength ⁇ 0 , A i2 and K 14 ,
• each source S 4 to S 9 of this axis 14 is fixed along the fastening direction 3 on the support 2 at its position X 4 to X 9, respectively, determined according to the first or second the second embodiment of the method according to the invention (measurement or calculation) previously described, so that the sources S 4 to S 9 of this axis 14 are distributed along the attachment direction 3 in increasing order of length of working wave ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 9 / and
• each spring Su, Si 3 and Si 5 of this axis 15 is fixed on the support 2 at its position Xu, X i3 and X i5 determined respectively along the fixing direction 3. according to the first or second embodiment of the method according to the invention (measurement or calculation) previously described, so that the sources Su, Si 3 and Sis of this axis 15 are distributed along the fixing direction 3 by order increasing working wavelength Au, A i3 and ⁇ 5 .
• the support 2 (just like the detector 8 in the case of a measurement) can, with reference to FIG. 15, be inclined at an angle 34 (around an axis perpendicular to the attachment direction 3) and / or
• the support 2 (just like the detector 8 in the case of a measurement) can, with reference to FIG. 16, be inclined at an angle 35 (around an axis parallel to the attachment direction 3) with respect to the optical axis A1 or A2, and / or
• the plane support 2 can be provided with relief patterns (recesses, bumps, grooves and / or steps) of sorts that when the sources S1 to SN are fixed on the support
• the first embodiment of the method according to the invention can be used to manufacture the second emitter embodiment according to the invention.
• the second method embodiment of the invention may be based on a calculation whose calculation steps, implemented by technical means, are based on a theoretical model or a numerical simulation model. .
• the prism 51 may be replaced or combined with a diffraction grating whose chromatic dispersion properties will also be exploited.
• the first or the second method embodiment of the invention can be used to manufacture a variant of the second emitter embodiment according to the invention (FIG. 4), in which:
• the prism 51 has a curved (preferably concave) face 30 for the input of the light beams, and / or a curved (preferably concave) face 31 for outputting the light beams, or
• the prism 51 is replaced by two lenses, of which a first lens (faces 30 and 32) positioned on the input face of the light beams of the prism 51, and a second lens (face 31 and 33) positioned on the exit face light beams of the prism 51, that is to say by two lenses (preferably biconcave) whose optical axes intersect between these two lenses.

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• 2013
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