EP3019816B1 - Armor against laser radiation - Google Patents
Armor against laser radiation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3019816B1 EP3019816B1 EP14746939.9A EP14746939A EP3019816B1 EP 3019816 B1 EP3019816 B1 EP 3019816B1 EP 14746939 A EP14746939 A EP 14746939A EP 3019816 B1 EP3019816 B1 EP 3019816B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser radiation
- armor
- armour
- bodies
- laser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/023—Armour plate, or auxiliary armour plate mounted at a distance of the main armour plate, having cavities at its outer impact surface, or holes, for deflecting the projectile
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0492—Layered armour containing hard elements, e.g. plates, spheres, rods, separated from each other, the elements being connected to a further flexible layer or being embedded in a plastics or an elastomer matrix
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B15/00—Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles
- F42B15/34—Protection against overheating or radiation, e.g. heat shields; Additional cooling arrangements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a laser armor according to the preamble of claim 1. Further objects of the invention provide a method for protecting an object from laser weapons and a vehicle, in particular a military vehicle, with a laser armor.
- the target Due to the energy introduced via the laser beam, the target is strongly locally heated in the region of the irradiation point of the laser radiation, which can lead to impairments of the object even to its complete destruction even after short irradiation times.
- the revelation DE 10 2009 040 661 A1 describes a laser armor with a vapor or smoke forming liquid in the case of laser irradiation.
- the revelation DE 10 2006 036 500 B3 describes a laser protection element having a loose bed of reflective granules between two plate-shaped elements.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a laser armor, in which the protective effect against laser bombardment compared to conventional armor is significantly improved.
- the armoring member includes a plurality of optical active body to the impairment of the incident laser radiation.
- the active bodies are designed to reflect the laser radiation as a reflection body. By reflecting the laser radiation, significant portions of the laser radiation from the object to be protected can be fended off.
- the reflection bodies have a reflecting surface, in particular a mirror surface.
- the reflection body can be mirrored over the entire surface or only partially mirrored.
- the mirror surface may be provided with a highly reflective layer in accordance with the wavelength of the expected laser radiation.
- the active bodies are designed to break the laser radiation as a bruising body. Even by refraction of the laser radiation, this can be affected. For example, a laser beam can be widened by refraction effects, resulting in lower intensities in the Einstrahlddling. Outside the scope of the invention, it is when the refractive body made of an optically transparent material. The refraction bodies themselves are therefore hardly affected by the laser radiation from the latter.
- the laser radiation penetrates the refractive bodies without heating them appreciably. By refraction at the edges of the refractive body takes place an expansion or scattering of the laser radiation, so that it impinges on the underlying lying object only with significantly lower intensity.
- the bruising bodies have a curved surface for widening the laser radiation.
- the curved surface may be spherical, spherical or cylindrical, for example.
- the active body or the refractive body may have a roughened surface to produce a scattering effect.
- the active bodies are designed to diffract the laser radiation as a diffraction body. Even by exploiting diffraction effects, the irradiated laser radiation can be impaired in such a way that lower intensities occur on the object to be protected.
- the diffraction bodies have diffraction gaps.
- the diffraction gaps can be produced, for example, by a coating applied to the diffraction bodies, by material differences provided within the diffraction bodies or similar structures.
- An advantageous embodiment which develops a particularly good protective effect provides that a plurality of active bodies are arranged one behind the other in the effective direction of the laser radiation.
- the result is a kind of stepped protection arrangement, in which after failure or after passing through a more active body located in front of the laser radiation then hits a further active body.
- the active bodies are arranged relative to one another in such a way that there is a stepwise impairment of the laser radiation associated with a stepwise reduced beam intensity.
- the active bodies are arranged as loose bulk material within a housing-like receptacle of the armor element. Due to the arrangement of the active body as loose bulk material, these have no preferred orientation, but are stochastically distributed within the corresponding receptacle. In that regard, certain active bodies are always optimally aligned to different directions of irradiation.
- the recording is optically transparent at least on the threat side in the wavelength range of the laser weapons.
- the incoming laser beam initially passes unhindered through the receptacle before it then enters the optically active body arranged in the receptacle. Destruction of the recording by the incoming laser radiation and thus, for example, a leakage of the arranged as a bulk active body is avoided.
- the active bodies are arranged in the manner of a protective curtain.
- the active bodies can be arranged like a curtain around the object to be protected.
- the curtain can be opened or closed, depending on whether a laser threat is prevailing or not.
- the active bodies are embedded in a carrier material which can be applied to the threat side of the armor element.
- the carrier material may in particular be a pasty material in which the active bodies are embedded. Similar to a sunscreen, the carrier material together with the active bodies in the case a detected laser radiation then be applied, for example via a nozzle to threatened sites.
- a further embodiment provides that the active bodies have a plurality of mutually angled surfaces running.
- the mutually angled surfaces can be used for example as a reflection, refraction or diffraction surfaces.
- the active bodies are spherical.
- reflection effects or refraction effects for impairing the laser radiation can be used on the spherical surfaces.
- this has a cooling system for dissipating introduced by the laser weapons in the armor element heat.
- the heat introduced by the impinging laser beam in the armor element heat can be derived from the Einstrahltician the laser radiation.
- a heat input lying above the damage threshold of the material of the armor element in the region of the irradiation point can be avoided.
- the risk of material failure due to the heat introduced by the laser radiation is significantly reduced.
- cooling system has a cooling fluid. About the cooling fluid and larger amounts of heat can be removed easily.
- the cooling fluid circulates in a cooling circuit, which is guided by the armor element.
- the cooling circuit may be a closed circuit, which is in the Area of the armor element is supplied via the laser radiation introduced heat, which is then transported away via the cooling fluid and discharged at a delivery point.
- the cooling circuit is a refrigerant circuit with a compressor, a throttle, a condenser and an evaporator. Because of the in such a refrigerant circuit of a constant phase transformation underlying, serving as a cooling fluid refrigerant comparatively large amounts of heat can be dissipated.
- a structurally advantageous embodiment provides that the cooling fluid is passed from a reservoir coming through the armor element.
- a certain amount of cooling fluid can be stored.
- the cooling fluid can be removed from the reservoir and used to cool the armor element.
- the cooling fluid can absorb heat and then heated flow out of the armor element, for example in the direction of the vehicle environment.
- a further embodiment provides that the cooling fluid heated by the laser radiation is guided out of an outlet provided in the lower region of the armor element and that cooling fluid of lower temperature is guided via an inlet provided in the upper region of the armor element. Cooler cooling fluid can first be fed into the armor element via the inlet. By absorbing heat introduced via the laser radiation, the cooling fluid can flow through the armor element and subsequently leave the armor element heated over the outlet.
- cooling fluid is applied to the armor element via a spray device.
- the cooling fluid can be applied in a fine-droplet manner and in a targeted manner to the armor element in the manner of a spray.
- an embodiment provides that the spray device is arranged on the threat side of the armor element, in the interior of the armor element or on the object side of the armor element.
- the armor element has a chamber in which the cooling fluid is circulated.
- the cooling fluid can enter the chamber via an inlet and exit via an outlet.
- a spraying device can be arranged in the region of the inlet.
- a circulation pump and a cooling fluid which removes heat from the heated cooling fluid can be provided.
- a further advantageous embodiment provides that a victim plate filled with cooling fluid is arranged on the threat side of the armor element.
- the laser radiation hits the sacrificial plate, it is first heated by the incident laser beam.
- the fluid arranged within the sacrificial plate also heats up.
- the sacrificial plate is destroyed and the cooling fluid provided within the sacrificial plate leaves the sacrificial plate via the irradiation point of the laser radiation.
- the cooling fluid flowing in from above under the influence of gravity further cools the irradiation area, which results in a certain cooling effect, before the laser beam strikes the actual armor plate after destruction of the sacrificial plate.
- a liquid gas in particular cooled nitrogen, water, glycol, refrigerant, a Instand cooling fluid, a gel or a foam is used as cooling fluid.
- the armor element comprise a plurality of interconnectable chambers, wherein in each chamber is a component of a multi-component fluid which produces a cooling effect after mixing due to a chemical reaction.
- the individual chambers can be connected to each other by the bombardment of the laser radiation by partition walls are designed and arranged such that they are destroyed by the incident laser radiation.
- it can be provided between the individual chambers controllable via a controller device for connecting the respective chambers. For example, this may be provided between the chambers a valve.
- a further advantageous embodiment provides that several armor elements are provided.
- a multiplicity of armor elements can be distributed over the object to be protected, for example in the manner of a tiling-like arrangement.
- the armor elements can be equipped with separate cooling systems. In the case of destruction of an armor element this can be easily replaced with the associated cooling system against a new armor element.
- a structurally advantageous because simple design provides that several armor elements have a common cooling system. The result is a comparatively simple structure, since not every armor element must be equipped separately, for example, with a cooling unit for cooling the cooling fluid.
- the cooling system can also have an electrical coolant, in particular a Peltier element.
- the Peltier element may for example be attached to the object-side rear side of the armor element and unfold there by energizing a cooling effect.
- a laser radiation detecting sensor is provided for triggering an armor element.
- the sensors detecting the laser radiation may be photosensitive sensors. As soon as they detect an incident laser radiation, the cooling system can be activated and the resulting heat dissipated.
- a further advantageous embodiment provides that the armor element is arranged to be movable relative to the object. Due to the movable arrangement of the armor element relative to the object, the armor element can also be moved relative to the laser beam incident on the object. As a result, a locally limited to a single Einstrahlddling energy input is avoided. The energy of the laser beam is coupled in accordance with the movement of the armor element not locally in only one Einstrahlddling, but along the path of movement of the armor element over a larger area distributed in the armor element. The risk of material failure due to the heat introduced by the laser radiation is significantly reduced.
- An advantageous embodiment provides that the armor element is arranged in front of a surface to be protected of the object and arranged to be movable in a direction parallel and / or transversely to the surface to be protected.
- the energy input of the laser beam can be distributed over the surface.
- the protective element By moving transversely to the surface to be protected, the protective element can be moved out of the focal position of the laser beam, whereby the energy density in the Einstrahldazzling can also be lowered.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides that the armor element is arranged to be movable in several directions.
- the armor element can be moved in a substantially vertical and additionally in a substantially horizontal direction.
- a further embodiment provides that the armor element is designed to be movable via a drive, in particular an electric, hydraulic or pneumatic drive.
- the drive allows defined movement sequences to be transferred to the armor element.
- a further advantageous embodiment provides that the armor element is resiliently mounted. Due to the resilient mounting of the armor element, this can move automatically when mounted on a military vehicle due to the forces occurring during driving, for example.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment provides that a privacy shield is provided, through which the movements of the armor element are covered.
- a privacy shield is provided, through which the movements of the armor element are covered.
- the privacy shield covers at least the edges of the armor element. Covering the edges of the armor element is sufficient in most cases, since the movement of a particular plate-shaped armor element can usually only be seen at the edges.
- a structurally advantageous embodiment provides that the privacy shield is designed to be stationary and the armor element is movable in the visual shadow of the privacy screen.
- Another structurally advantageous embodiment provides that the armor element is arranged in an intermediate region between an outer surface of the object to be protected and the privacy screen.
- the privacy screen is designed to be optically transparent in a narrow-band wavelength range.
- the wavelength range in which the privacy screen is optically transparent may be adjusted according to the wavelength of the laser weapon.
- the screen is transparent to the laser beam, so that it is not affected by irradiation and the laser beam passes unhindered through the screen.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable for laser radiation in the UV or IR wavelength range, which lies outside of the visually perceptible by the human eye spectrum.
- the laser beam radiates unhindered through the privacy screen onto the armor element moving behind the privacy screen, which, however, can not be recognized by the attacker. The attacker faces the situation like this as if the laser beam were absorbed by the surface without any effect whatsoever.
- the laser armor has a plurality of armor elements arranged movably, which are distributed in a tiling manner over the object to be protected.
- armor elements designed essentially as identical parts, it is also possible to realize protection of larger objects. Should one of the armor elements, for example, be damaged by an enemy laser shot, this can be easily replaced with a new armor element.
- the armor elements may be designed as protection modules that attach to the object with a few simple steps or can be removed from this.
- An advantageous for the protective effect of the laser armor embodiment provides that the armor elements are arranged in multiple layers. The result is a redundant arrangement of armor elements such that in case of failure of an outer layer of armor elements of the laser beam strikes a more inner layer.
- each layer has a plurality of armor elements, wherein the directions of movement of the armor elements are different in two adjacent layers.
- the laser armor has a sensor for detecting the laser radiation.
- the armor elements can be automatically set in motion. It is not necessary to constantly move the armor elements, but only in case a specific threat situation, which is reliably detected by the sensors.
- the laser armor is formed according to one or more of the features described above.
- Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of an object 10, which is designed to protect against laser weapons against laser weapons 1 via a laser armor.
- the object 10 may be an immobile object, such as a building, a bunker, or a mobile object, such as a military vehicle, and particularly a military land vehicle.
- the laser armor 1 serves to protect against laser weapons by which according to the invention all working by means of concentrated radiation beam weapons are to be understood.
- Fig. 1 shows this, consists of the laser armor 1 of several tiled over the object 10 arranged armor elements 2, which are arranged in front of a surface to be protected of the object 10. While the presentation in Fig. 1 a development of the protective arrangement 1 can be seen, in which the armor elements 2 are arranged only on one side of the object 10, it is understood that the laser armor 1 may also include armor elements 2 at the remaining locations of the object 10, which mainly depends on from which side the threat is to be expected. In a military vehicle, it is advisable to provide all vehicle sides as well as the vehicle roof with armor elements 2 and not only to armor the vehicle floor against laser bombardment, since the firing by laser weapons usually does not take place from below.
- the armor elements 2 each have a plurality of optical active body 3, 4, 5 for the impairment of the irradiated laser radiation.
- a weakening of the intensity of the laser radiation is achieved and prevents laser beams with an intensity above the damage threshold of the object 10 to be protected from acting thereon.
- the active bodies 3 are formed as a reflection body 3 and are in the form of loose bulk material in a box-shaped receptacle 2.1 of the armor element 2.
- the optical active bodies 3 have a surface 3.1 consisting of an optically reflecting layer.
- the reflective surface 3.1 can extend over the entire optical active body 3 or only over partial areas of the active body 3.
- the active body 3 according to the embodiment in Fig. 2 have several mutually angled extending surfaces 3.1, resulting in very different levels of reflection.
- Fig. 3 illustrated armor element 2.
- a plurality of optical active body 4 is provided partly of different geometry.
- an incident laser beam such as in Fig. 3 is shown by solid lines, affected by refraction, whereby the laser beam expands and thereby loses intensity.
- the laser beam is affected not only by the refraction effects but also by reflections at the interfaces of the active bodies 4.
- the active bodies 4 are designed to break the laser radiation as optically transparent refractive body 4. Upon impact of a laser beam on a surface of the refractive body 4, a refraction of light takes place, whereby a weakening of the laser beam results after passing through several successively arranged refractive body such that it has a significantly lower intensity when leaving the protective element 2.
- the risk of destruction of the object 10 is also significantly reduced by this active body 4.
- the diameter of the incident on the threat side of the armor element 2 laser beam is widened by passing through the refractive body 4 to a multiple, whereby the intensity of the laser radiation can be reduced to an uncritical level.
- the active bodies 4 can have different geometries according to the schematic illustration. It is important that these are mutually angled running Have surfaces or round surfaces on which then the refraction of the light takes place. In addition, it may be in the active bodies 4 as shown in FIG Fig. 4 also act as so-called. Steel divider, the parts of the laser radiation with a certain beam property and other parts of the laser radiation that do not have this beam property, reflect. For example, p- and s-polarized beam portions can be separated from each other, which also results in a significant reduction of the irradiated laser intensity. For this purpose, for example, polarization filters can be provided on the active bodies 4.
- a diffraction body 5 At the in Fig. 4 it is a diffraction body 5. This has a plurality of diffraction gaps 5.1, at which the incident laser light is diffracted. This results in diffraction patterns with less intense laser radiation on the surface of the object 10 to be protected.
- the active body 3, 4, 5 are always arranged as loose bulk material within a housing-like receptacle 2.1 of the armor element 2.
- different active bodies 3, 4, 5 can be mixed with reflective, refractive and diffractive properties, as loose bulk material.
- the recording is 2.1 of box-shaped geometry and threat side is provided with an optically transparent cover in the manner of a lid.
- the cover may be formed in the region of the expected laser radiation in a narrow band wavelength range optically transparent.
- the incident laser beam passes unhindered through the cover and is impaired only by the active bodies 3, 4, 5 lying behind. Destruction of the cover is avoided in this way.
- Another positive effect occurs in those covers that are optically transparent in a wavelength range that is perceivable by the human eye. Because in these occurs, for example, a laser beam in the IR range through the cover, behind which he is then affected by the optical active body 3, 4, 5. Since this is imperceptible to the human eye, the attacker can not easily recognize these effects.
- a plurality of active body 3, 4, 5 embedded in a carrier material which can be applied to the threat side of the armor element 2. Similar to a sunscreen cream, a multiplicity of smaller active bodies 3, 4, 5 can be embedded within the carrier material. Upon detection of a laser attack, the carrier material and with it the active bodies 3, 4, 5 can then be applied selectively to the threatened side of the object 10 to be protected.
- a corresponding line system with a plurality of outlet nozzles for applying the arranged in the carrier material active body 3, 4, 5 may be provided on a threatened position of the object.
- FIG Fig. 5 Another arrangement of the active bodies 3, 4, 5 lying outside the scope of the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 5 shown.
- This type of curtain can be placed on the threat side of an object 10.
- the incident laser radiation can be affected by reflection, refraction or diffraction such that regardless of the direction of incidence of the incident laser beam attenuation of the intensity of the laser radiation.
- the risk of material failure due to very intense radiation is significantly reduced.
- the armor elements 2 may be provided with a cooling system 13 for deriving introduced via the laser radiation energy.
- a cooling system 13 for deriving introduced via the laser radiation energy.
- the individual armor elements 2 are provided by plate-shaped geometry and with a cooling system 13 for dissipating introduced by the laser radiation heat.
- a cooling system 13 for dissipating introduced by the laser radiation heat.
- an active cooling system 13 which is supplied for the purpose of cooling energy, for example, to operate a cooling unit or to operate pumps P.
- each armor element 2 may be equipped with its own cooling system 13, cf. for example Fig. 9 ,
- the armor elements 2 may each have a part of a cooling circuit 14.
- the armor elements 2 can be distributed in a scale over a surface of the object 10 to be protected and the cooling circuit 14 is meander-shaped to be passed through several armor elements 2.
- the armor elements 2 each have pipe sections that can be connected to corresponding pipe sections of an adjacent armor element 2, for example by nesting, so as to form a closed cooling circuit 14 in this way.
- Within the cooling circuit 14 flows a cooling fluid, which absorbs heat as it passes through the armor elements 2 and emits them elsewhere as waste heat.
- the cooling circuit 4 may be connected via a type of refrigeration unit forming refrigerant circuit with a waste heat.
- the refrigerant circuit consists in the usual way of an evaporator, in which the heated by the laser radiation cooling fluid with release of heat to an evaporation of the refrigerant flowing within the refrigerant circuit ensures.
- the vaporized refrigerant is passed through a compressor in a heat exchanger in which the refrigerant gives off its heat to the waste heat.
- the refrigerant liquefies in parts, after which it is then returned via a throttle in the evaporator, where it then evaporates with renewed absorption of energy introduced via the laser radiation.
- cooling fluid 11 does not necessarily circulate in a cooling circuit 14 may also be advantageous.
- a spray device 15 is provided.
- the cooling fluid 11 is atomized under increased pressure and applied to a surface to be cooled of the armor element 2.
- the spraying devices 15 are arranged such that the threat side of the armor elements 2 is sprayed.
- the cooling fluid 11 absorbs heat during downflow and discharges it.
- Fig. 8 Of quite similar construction is the execution according to Fig. 8 in which the spraying devices 15 are arranged not on the threat side but on the object side of the armor elements 2.
- the spray devices 15 are located in a gap between the armor elements 2 and the object 10 to be protected, so that they are not visible to an attacker from the outside.
- the spraying devices 15 are arranged inside the armor elements 2.
- the spraying devices 15 are supplied with cooling fluid 11 via an inlet 2.2.
- the cooling fluid 11 is sprayed into the interior of the armor elements 2 such that it is wetted over a large area with cooling fluid 11.
- the cooling fluid 11 flows down under the influence of gravity and finally leaves the armor element 2 via outlets 2.3. Subsequently, the cooling fluid 11 either escape into the environment or cooled in a cooling circuit 14 and then again over the inlet 2.2 into the interior of the armor element 2.
- Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of an armor element 2, in which an armor element 2 is provided with a separate cooling system 13.
- the armor element 2 is assigned a separate cooling circuit 14.
- In the upper part of the armor element 2 is the inlet 2.2, or in the embodiment according to Fig. 9 two inlets 2.2.
- a spraying device 15 is arranged, via which the cooling fluid 11 is sprayed into the interior of the armor element 2.
- the interior of the armor element 2 has a chamber 16.
- the cooling fluid 11 collects within the chamber 16 and leaves it via the outlet 2.3.
- the cooling fluid 11 is fed again via a pump P after flowing through the cooling circuit 14 to the inlet 2.2.
- the cooling fluid 11 can first pass through a cooling before reaching the inlet 2.2, for example, by heat to a refrigerant circuit, as already explained.
- Fig. 11 shows an embodiment similar to that of Fig. 9 in which a plurality of chambers 16 connected in series are provided, which contributes to a more uniform cooling effect.
- the individual chambers 16 are arranged cascaded to one another.
- the cooling fluid 11 collecting in a lower chamber 16 in a higher-lying chamber 16 is guided via a spray device 15 provided in the upper region of an underlying chamber 16, so that the cooling fluid 11 successively passes through a plurality of spray devices 15. This results in a kind of cascade with good cooling effect.
- Fig. 10 shows an embodiment in which the armor element 2 is completely filled with cooling fluid 11. Via the inlet 2.2, the cooling fluid 11 enters the interior of the armor element 2 and leaves it via the outlet 2.3 with entrainment of the coupled via the laser radiation in the armor element 2 heat. Again, a cascaded arrangement with multiple chambers 16 can improve the cooling effect.
- Fig. 12 shows an embodiment in which the armor elements 2 of the laser armor 1 is preceded by a sacrificial plate 17.
- the sacrificial plate 7 is designed in the manner of a cooling fluid reservoir and acts as a kind of passive cooling system in which a certain cooling effect is generated even without the supply of external energy.
- cooling fluid 11 When bombarded by laser radiation provided in the sacrificial plate 17 cooling fluid 11 is first heated before the sacrificial plate 17 is then destroyed after a certain Einstrahlzeit. In the region of the destruction point, ie the Einstrahlddlings the laser radiation, the provided within the sacrificial plate 17 cooling fluid 11 then exits under gravity then gradually, which also heat is dissipated.
- the effluent from the sacrificial plate 17 cooling fluid 11 can also produce a wetting of the underlying armor elements 2 with the application of a certain cooling effect.
- the armor elements 2 can be arranged to be movable relative to the object 10, which is described below with reference to the illustrations in FIGS FIGS. 13 to 18 will be explained, which details of the cooling system 13 as well as the optical active body 3, 4, 5 are not shown for reasons of clarity.
- the armor elements 2 are arranged movable relative to the object 10. hereby is achieved that an incident on the object 10 and the laser armor 1 laser beam acts for a long time on one and the same point and there unfolds after a certain Einstrahlzeit possibly a destructive effect.
- Fig. 13 In the execution according to Fig. 13 is the armor element 2 in front of the surface 12 to be protected of the object 10 in the vertical direction R 1 as well as in the horizontal direction R 2 movable.
- Fig. 13 shows two directions of movement of the armor element 2 in a surface parallel to the surface 12 to be protected of the object 10
- the armor element 2 additionally or alternatively to move transversely to the direction of the surface 12 to be protected.
- the armor element 2 is moved in the direction of the incident laser beam.
- the laser beam emanating from the laser beam is focused directly into the surface of the object 10, since the intensity of the laser radiation in the focus is greatest.
- the armor element 2 can be moved out of this focus position, whereby the intensity of the laser radiation is lowered into its Einstrahltician. This also reduces the risk of destruction of the armor element 2 by the impinging laser radiation.
- the movements of the armor element 2 can be initiated via a drive M.
- the drive M may be a motor drive, such as an electric, hydraulic or pneumatic motor.
- About the drive M armor element 2 can be defined defined in motion, for example via a kind of eccentric or similar devices. Since it is not necessary to keep the armor element 2 constantly in motion, a sensor S is also provided for detecting the incident laser radiation. These may be photosensitive sensors which detect the incident laser radiation. After detecting the laser radiation, the drive M can then be activated and the armor element 2 can be set in motion.
- the armor element 2 may also be suspended resiliently, as in Fig. 17 is shown. It can be seen that the armor element 2 is coupled via a spring 24 to the object 10 to be protected. Such a resilient suspension is particularly suitable for mobile objects 10 and in particular for military land vehicles. Due to the forces occurring during driving, the armor element 2 is kept constantly in motion by deflecting the spring 24. Advantage of this suspension over springs 24 is also that the movement is purely stochastic, so that tracking the laser radiation according to the movements of the armor element 2 is not possible.
- a screen 23 is provided, which will be discussed in detail below.
- Fig. 14 Like the illustration in Fig. 14 can first be seen, is the screen 23 on the threat side of the armor elements 2 of the laser armor 1 and covers this to the threat side at least partially.
- the armor elements 2 are located in an intermediate region between the fixed object visually arranged against the object 10 screen 23 and the object 10. It results in a kind of gap in which the armor elements 2 can be moved.
- the purpose of the blinds 23 is to make the movements of the armor elements 2 invisible to the attacker.
- the screen 3 is designed so that it covers the edges 2.4 of the armor elements 2 such that they lie in the visual shadow of the screen 23, see. also the representation in Fig. 2 ,
- the overlapping of the edges 2.4 of the armor element 2 is chosen such that they do not emerge from the visual shadow of the privacy screen 23 even with maximum movement of the armor element 2.
- the movement of the otherwise planar armor element 2 is therefore not visible and it is certainly not readily possible to track the laser beam these movements.
- FIG Fig. 15 An alternative embodiment of the screen 23 is shown in FIG Fig. 15 shown. While the screen 23 in the FIGS. 13 and 14 in each case covers only the edges of the armor element 2 and otherwise has openings for the passage of the laser radiation, the blinds cover 23 according to Fig. 15 the armor elements 2 full surface. The armor elements 2 are arranged in this arrangement tiled over the object and are completely in the visual shadow of the screen 23.
- the screen 23 is held in this embodiment in a narrow-band wavelength range, for example in the wavelength range of 1064 nm optically transparent.
- the optically transparent wavelength range is to the wavelength of the expected laser weapon adapted, continuing the above wavelength example to a Nd: YAG laser. The effect achieved by this is the following:
- the privacy screen 23 Since the privacy screen 23 is optically transparent to the incident laser beam, it passes through the privacy screen 23 virtually unhindered and strikes the armor element 2, which moves relative to the object 10. However, the movements of the armor element 2 are not visible to the attacker, since the wavelength of the laser radiation is often outside the range visible to the human eye or at least difficult to recognize due to the narrow band of optical transparency of the screen 23 for the attacker. The attacker therefore has an image in which the laser beam virtually disappears in the privacy screen 23 without causing a significant effect here. Because even with the destruction of one of the armor elements 2, this would not be visible to the attacker due to the screen 23.
- FIG. 18 An improved in terms of their protective effect embodiment finally shows the illustration in Fig. 18 ,
- the armor elements 2 are arranged in several layers L 1 , L 2 , resulting in a redundant arrangement such that in case of failure of one of the armor elements 2 an outer layer L 2, the laser radiation in a next step to a further inner layer L first meets.
- the movements of the armor elements 2 are advantageously oriented differently in the layers L 1 , L 2 .
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Laserpanzerung nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Weitere Gegenstände der Erfindung bilden ein Verfahren zum Schutz eines Objekts vor Laserwaffen sowie ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere ein militärisches Fahrzeug, mit einer Laserpanzerung.The invention relates to a laser armor according to the preamble of
In zunehmendem Maße werden beispielsweise im Bereich der Flugabwehr und auch der Bekämpfung von mobilen und immobilen Zielen an Land verschiedener Arten von Laserwaffen eingesetzt, bei denen ein hochenergetischer Laserstrahl gebündelt auf ein zu bekämpfendes Ziel gerichtet wird.Increasingly, for example, in the field of air defense and the fight against mobile and immobile targets on land different Types of laser weapons are used, in which a high-energy laser beam is focused on a target to be attacked.
Durch die über den Laserstrahl eingebrachte Energie wird das Ziel im Bereich des Einstrahlpunktes der Laserstrahlung lokal stark erwärmt, wodurch es bereits nach kurzen Einstrahlzeiten zu Beeinträchtigungen des Objekts bis hin zu dessen vollständiger Zerstörung kommen kann.Due to the energy introduced via the laser beam, the target is strongly locally heated in the region of the irradiation point of the laser radiation, which can lead to impairments of the object even to its complete destruction even after short irradiation times.
Als problematisch hat sich in diesem Zusammenhang beispielsweise bei militärischen Landfahrzeugen erwiesen, dass die an diesen vorgesehenen Panzerungselemente zwar beispielsweise gegen ballistische Geschosse oder Sprengsätze eine gute Schutzwirkung zu entfalten vermögen, im Falle eines Laserangriffs jedoch weitgehend wirkungslos sind. Dies liegt vor allem daran, dass über den Laserstrahl große Energiemengen auf lokal begrenztem Raum in das beispielsweise aus einem Panzerstahl bestehende Panzerungselement eingebracht werden, was bereits nach kurzer Einstrahldauer zu einer Zerstörung des Panzerungselements führen kann. Die Offenbarungen
Die Offenbarung
Die Offenbarung
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Laserpanzerung anzugeben, bei welcher die Schutzwirkung gegenüber Laserbeschuss im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Panzerungen deutlich verbessert ist. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a laser armor, in which the protective effect against laser bombardment compared to conventional armor is significantly improved.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Laserpanzerung der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass das Panzerungselement eine Vielzahl optischer Wirkkörper zur Beeinträchtigung der eingestrahlten Laserstrahlung aufweist.This object is achieved in a laser armor of the kind mentioned, that the armoring member includes a plurality of optical active body to the impairment of the incident laser radiation.
Durch Beeinträchtigung der eingestrahlten Laserstrahlung mittels einer Vielzahl optischer Wirkkörper ergibt sich eine verbesserte Schutzwirkung. Hohe Intensitäten der Laserstrahlung, wie diese bei einem ungestörten Laserstrahl auf lokal begrenztem Raum auftreten, werden vermieden. Die Gefahr zerstörerischer Überbeanspruchungen des Materials aufgrund der durch die Laserstrahlung eingebrachten Wärme wird durch die Beeinträchtigung der Strahlung deutlich reduziert. Aufgrund der Vielzahl optischer Wirkkörper kann die Beeinträchtigung weitgehend unabhängig vom Einstrahlwinkel der Laserstrahlung erfolgen. Die Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Wirkkörper zum Reflektieren der Laserstrahlung als Reflexionskörper ausgebildet sind. Durch Reflektieren der Laserstrahlung können wesentliche Anteile der Laserstrahlung von dem zu schützenden Objekt abgewehrt werden.By impairing the irradiated laser radiation by means of a plurality of optical active body results in an improved protective effect. High intensities of laser radiation, such as those in an undisturbed laser beam occur in a localized space are avoided. The risk of destructive overstressing of the material due to the heat introduced by the laser radiation is significantly reduced by the impairment of the radiation. Due to the large number of optical active bodies, the impairment can be largely independent of the angle of incidence of the laser radiation. The invention provides that the active bodies are designed to reflect the laser radiation as a reflection body. By reflecting the laser radiation, significant portions of the laser radiation from the object to be protected can be fended off.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist es vorgesehen, dass die Reflexionskörper eine reflektierende Oberfläche, insbesondere eine Spiegelfläche, aufweisen. Die Reflexionskörper können vollflächig verspiegelt oder nur teilweise verspiegelt sein. Die Spiegelfläche kann entsprechend der Wellenlänge der erwarteten Laserstrahlung mit einer hoch reflektierenden Schicht versehen sein. Zusätzlich kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Wirkkörper zum Brechen der Laserstrahlung als Brechnungskörper ausgebildet sind. Auch durch Brechung der Laserstrahlung kann diese beeinträchtigt werden. Beispielsweise kann ein Laserstrahl durch Brechungseffekte aufgeweitet werden, wodurch sich geringere Intensitäten im Einstrahlpunkt ergeben. Außerhalb des Erfindungsrahmens liegt es, wenn die Brechungskörper aus einem optisch transparenten Material bestehen. Die Brechungskörper selbst werden daher beim Auftreffen der Laserstrahlung von dieser kaum beeinträchtigt. Die Laserstrahlung durchdringt die Brechungskörper ohne diese nennenswert zu erwärmen. Durch Brechung an den Kanten der Brechungskörper erfolgt ein Aufweiten bzw. Streuen der Laserstrahlung, so dass diese auf das dahinter liegend angeordnete Objekt nur mit deutlich geringerer Intensität auftrifft.In this connection, it is provided that the reflection bodies have a reflecting surface, in particular a mirror surface. The reflection body can be mirrored over the entire surface or only partially mirrored. The mirror surface may be provided with a highly reflective layer in accordance with the wavelength of the expected laser radiation. In addition, it can be provided that the active bodies are designed to break the laser radiation as a bruising body. Even by refraction of the laser radiation, this can be affected. For example, a laser beam can be widened by refraction effects, resulting in lower intensities in the Einstrahlpunkt. Outside the scope of the invention, it is when the refractive body made of an optically transparent material. The refraction bodies themselves are therefore hardly affected by the laser radiation from the latter. The laser radiation penetrates the refractive bodies without heating them appreciably. By refraction at the edges of the refractive body takes place an expansion or scattering of the laser radiation, so that it impinges on the underlying lying object only with significantly lower intensity.
Vorteilhaft weisen die Brechnungskörper eine gekrümmte Fläche zum Aufweiten der Laserstrahlung auf. Die gekrümmte Fläche kann beispielsweise kugelförmig, sphärisch oder zylindrisch ausgebildet sein. Auch können die Wirkkörper bzw. die Brechungskörper zur Erzeugung einer Streuwirkung eine angeraute Oberfläche aufweisen. Zusätzlich sieht eine weitere Ausgestaltung vor, dass die Wirkkörper zur Beugung der Laserstrahlung als Beugungskörper ausgebildet sind. Auch durch Ausnutzung von Beugungseffekten kann die eingestrahlte Laserstrahlung derart beeinträchtigt werden, dass sich geringere Intensitäten an dem zu schützenden Objekt einstellen.Advantageously, the bruising bodies have a curved surface for widening the laser radiation. The curved surface may be spherical, spherical or cylindrical, for example. Also, the active body or the refractive body may have a roughened surface to produce a scattering effect. In addition, a further embodiment provides that the active bodies are designed to diffract the laser radiation as a diffraction body. Even by exploiting diffraction effects, the irradiated laser radiation can be impaired in such a way that lower intensities occur on the object to be protected.
Eine konstruktiv vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht in diesem Zusammenhang vor, dass die Beugungskörper Beugungsspalte aufweisen. Die Beugungsspalte können beispielsweise durch eine auf den Beugungskörpern aufgebrachte Beschichtung, durch innerhalb der Beugungskörper vorgesehene Materialunterschiede oder ähnliche Strukturen erzeugt werden.A structurally advantageous embodiment provides in this context that the diffraction bodies have diffraction gaps. The diffraction gaps can be produced, for example, by a coating applied to the diffraction bodies, by material differences provided within the diffraction bodies or similar structures.
Eine vorteilhafte, ein besonders gute Schutzwirkung entfaltende Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass in Wirkrichtung der Laserstrahlung mehrere Wirkkörper hintereinander angeordnet sind. Es ergibt sich eine Art gestufte Schutzanordnung, bei welcher nach Ausfall oder nach Durchlaufen eines weiter vorne liegenden Wirkkörpers die Laserstrahlung im Anschluss auf einen weiteren Wirkkörper trifft. Vorteilhaft sind die Wirkkörper derart zueinander angeordnet, dass sich eine stufenweise Beeinträchtigung der Laserstrahlung verbunden mit einer stufenweise reduzierten Strahlintensität ergibt.An advantageous embodiment which develops a particularly good protective effect provides that a plurality of active bodies are arranged one behind the other in the effective direction of the laser radiation. The result is a kind of stepped protection arrangement, in which after failure or after passing through a more active body located in front of the laser radiation then hits a further active body. Advantageously, the active bodies are arranged relative to one another in such a way that there is a stepwise impairment of the laser radiation associated with a stepwise reduced beam intensity.
Um eine gleichmäßige Schutzwirkung gegen aus unterschiedlichsten Richtungen einstrahlende Laserstrahlung zu erhalten, ist es vorgesehen, dass die Wirkkörper als loses Schüttgut innerhalb einer gehäuseartigen Aufnahme des Panzerungselements angeordnet sind. Durch die Anordnung der Wirkkörper als loses Schüttgut weisen diese keine bevorzugte Ausrichtung auf, sondern liegen stochastisch verteilt innerhalb der entsprechenden Aufnahme. Insoweit sind bestimmte Wirkkörper immer auf unterschiedliche Einstrahlrichtungen optimal ausgerichtet.In order to obtain a uniform protective effect against laser radiation radiating from most different directions, it is provided that the active bodies are arranged as loose bulk material within a housing-like receptacle of the armor element. Due to the arrangement of the active body as loose bulk material, these have no preferred orientation, but are stochastically distributed within the corresponding receptacle. In that regard, certain active bodies are always optimally aligned to different directions of irradiation.
Vorteilhaft ist es in diesem Zusammenhang, wenn die Aufnahme zumindest bedrohungsseitig im Wellenlängenbereich der Laserwaffen optisch transparent ausgebildet ist. Auf diese Weise tritt der eintreffende Laserstrahl zunächst ungehindert durch die Aufnahme hindurch, bevor er dann auf die in der Aufnahme angeordneten optischen Wirkkörper tritt. Eine Zerstörung der Aufnahme durch die eintreffende Laserstrahlung und damit beispielsweise ein Austreten der als Schüttgut angeordneten Wirkkörper wird vermieden. Außerhalb des Erfindungsrahmens liegt es, wenn die Wirkkörper nach Art eines Schutzvorhangs angeordnet sind. Die Wirkkörper können vorhangartig um das zu schützende Objekt herum angeordnet werden. Der Vorhang kann geöffnet oder geschlossen werden, je nachdem, ob gerade eine Laserbedrohung vorherrscht oder nicht. Ebenfalls außerhalb des Erfindungsrahmens liegt es, wenn die Wirkkörper in ein Trägermaterial eingebettet sind, welches auf die Bedrohungsseite des Panzerungselements aufbringbar ist. Bei dem Trägermaterial kann es sich insbesondere um ein pastöses Material handeln, in welches die Wirkkörper eingebettet sind. Ähnlich einer Sonnencreme kann das Trägermaterial mitsamt den Wirkkörpern im Falle einer erkannten Laserstrahlung dann beispielsweise über eine Düse auf bedrohte Stellen aufgebracht werden.It is advantageous in this context if the recording is optically transparent at least on the threat side in the wavelength range of the laser weapons. In this way, the incoming laser beam initially passes unhindered through the receptacle before it then enters the optically active body arranged in the receptacle. Destruction of the recording by the incoming laser radiation and thus, for example, a leakage of the arranged as a bulk active body is avoided. Outside the scope of the invention, it is when the active bodies are arranged in the manner of a protective curtain. The active bodies can be arranged like a curtain around the object to be protected. The curtain can be opened or closed, depending on whether a laser threat is prevailing or not. It is also outside the scope of the invention if the active bodies are embedded in a carrier material which can be applied to the threat side of the armor element. The carrier material may in particular be a pasty material in which the active bodies are embedded. Similar to a sunscreen, the carrier material together with the active bodies in the case a detected laser radiation then be applied, for example via a nozzle to threatened sites.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass die Wirkkörper mehrere gegeneinander abgewinkelt verlaufende Flächen aufweisen. Die gegeneinander abgewinkelt verlaufenden Flächen können beispielsweise als Reflexions-, Brechungs- oder Beugungsflächen genutzt werden.A further embodiment provides that the active bodies have a plurality of mutually angled surfaces running. The mutually angled surfaces can be used for example as a reflection, refraction or diffraction surfaces.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass die Wirkkörper kugelförmig sind. An den Kugelflächen können beispielsweise Reflexions- oder Brechungseffekte zur Beeinträchtigung der Laserstrahlung genutzt werden.Another embodiment provides that the active bodies are spherical. For example, reflection effects or refraction effects for impairing the laser radiation can be used on the spherical surfaces.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Laserpanzerung wird vorgeschlagen, dass diese ein Kühlsystem zum Ableiten von durch die Laserwaffen in das Panzerungselement eingebrachter Wärme aufweist. Über das Kühlsystem kann die durch den auftreffenden Laserstrahl in das Panzerungselement eingebrachte Wärme vom Einstrahlpunkt der Laserstrahlung abgeleitet werden. Hierdurch kann ein oberhalb der Zerstörschwelle des Materials des Panzerungselements liegender Wärmeeintrag im Bereich des Einstrahlpunkts vermieden werden. Die Gefahr eines Materialversagens infolge der durch die Laserstrahlung eingebrachten Wärme wird deutlich verringert.In a further embodiment of the laser armor is proposed that this has a cooling system for dissipating introduced by the laser weapons in the armor element heat. About the cooling system, the heat introduced by the impinging laser beam in the armor element heat can be derived from the Einstrahlpunkt the laser radiation. As a result, a heat input lying above the damage threshold of the material of the armor element in the region of the irradiation point can be avoided. The risk of material failure due to the heat introduced by the laser radiation is significantly reduced.
Eine im Hinblick auf deren Kühlleistung vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass das Kühlsystem ein Kühlfluid aufweist. Über das Kühlfluid können auch größere Wärmemengen auf einfache Weise abtransportiert werden.An advantageous embodiment with regard to their cooling capacity provides that the cooling system has a cooling fluid. About the cooling fluid and larger amounts of heat can be removed easily.
Vorteilhaft ist es in diesem Zusammenhang, wenn das Kühlfluid in einem Kühlkreislauf zirkuliert, der durch das Panzerungselement geführt ist. Bei dem Kühlkreislauf kann es sich um einen geschlossenen Kreislauf handeln, dem im Bereich des Panzerungselements über die Laserstrahlung eingebrachte Wärme zugeführt wird, die dann über das Kühlfluid abtransportiert und an einer Abgabestelle abgegeben wird. Zum Abführen großer Wärmemengen hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn es sich bei dem Kühlkreislauf um einen Kältemittelkreis mit einem Kompressor, einer Drossel, einem Kondensator und einem Verdampfer handelt. Denn durch das in einem solchen Kältemittelkreis einer ständigen Phasenumwandlung unterliegende, als Kühlfluid dienende Kältemittel können vergleichsweise große Wärmemengen abgeführt werden.It is advantageous in this context, when the cooling fluid circulates in a cooling circuit, which is guided by the armor element. The cooling circuit may be a closed circuit, which is in the Area of the armor element is supplied via the laser radiation introduced heat, which is then transported away via the cooling fluid and discharged at a delivery point. For discharging large amounts of heat, it has proved to be advantageous if the cooling circuit is a refrigerant circuit with a compressor, a throttle, a condenser and an evaporator. Because of the in such a refrigerant circuit of a constant phase transformation underlying, serving as a cooling fluid refrigerant comparatively large amounts of heat can be dissipated.
Eine konstruktiv vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass das Kühlfluid aus einem Reservoir kommend durch das Panzerungselement geführt ist. In dem Reservoir kann eine bestimmte Menge Kühlfluid bevorratet werden. Im Falle eines Laserbeschusses kann das Kühlfluid aus dem Reservoir entnommen und zur Kühlung des Panzerungselements verwendet werden. Beim Durchlaufen des Panzerungselements kann das Kühlfluid Wärme aufnehmen und anschließend erwärmt aus dem Panzerungselement ausströmen, beispielsweise in Richtung der Fahrzeugumgebung.A structurally advantageous embodiment provides that the cooling fluid is passed from a reservoir coming through the armor element. In the reservoir, a certain amount of cooling fluid can be stored. In the case of a laser shot, the cooling fluid can be removed from the reservoir and used to cool the armor element. When passing through the armor element, the cooling fluid can absorb heat and then heated flow out of the armor element, for example in the direction of the vehicle environment.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass das über die Laserstrahlung erwärmte Kühlfluid aus einem im unteren Bereich des Panzerungselements vorgesehenen Auslass geführt ist und dass Kühlfluid geringerer Temperatur über einen im oberen Bereich des Panzerungselements vorgesehenen Einlass geführt ist. Über den Einlass kann zunächst kühleres Kühlfluid in das Panzerungselement hineingeführt werden. Unter Aufnahme von über die Laserstrahlung eingebrachter Wärme kann das Kühlfluid durch das Panzerungselement strömen und das Panzerungselement anschließend über den Auslass erwärmt verlassen.A further embodiment provides that the cooling fluid heated by the laser radiation is guided out of an outlet provided in the lower region of the armor element and that cooling fluid of lower temperature is guided via an inlet provided in the upper region of the armor element. Cooler cooling fluid can first be fed into the armor element via the inlet. By absorbing heat introduced via the laser radiation, the cooling fluid can flow through the armor element and subsequently leave the armor element heated over the outlet.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass das Kühlfluid über eine Sprühvorrichtung auf das Panzerungselement aufgebracht wird. Über die Sprühvorrichtung kann das Kühlfluid nach Art eines Sprays feintropfig und gezielt auf das Panzerungselement aufgebracht werden.An advantageous embodiment provides that the cooling fluid is applied to the armor element via a spray device. About the spray device For example, the cooling fluid can be applied in a fine-droplet manner and in a targeted manner to the armor element in the manner of a spray.
In diesem Zusammenhang sieht eine Ausgestaltung vor, dass die Sprühvorrichtung an der Bedrohungsseite des Panzerungselements, im Inneren des Panzerungselements oder an der Objektseite des Panzerungselements angeordnet ist.In this context, an embodiment provides that the spray device is arranged on the threat side of the armor element, in the interior of the armor element or on the object side of the armor element.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Panzerungselement eine Kammer aufweist, in welcher das Kühlfluid umgewälzt wird. Das Kühlfluid kann über einen Einlass in die Kammer eintreten und diese über einen Auslass verlassen. Im Bereich des Einlasses kann eine Sprühvorrichtung angeordnet sein. Es kann ein geschlossener Kreislauf vorgesehen sein, in welchem das Kühlfluid umgewälzt wird. Hierzu kann eine Umwälzpumpe und ein dem erwärmten Kühlfluid Wärme entziehendes Kühlaggregat vorgesehen sein.According to a further embodiment, it is proposed that the armor element has a chamber in which the cooling fluid is circulated. The cooling fluid can enter the chamber via an inlet and exit via an outlet. In the region of the inlet, a spraying device can be arranged. There may be provided a closed circuit in which the cooling fluid is circulated. For this purpose, a circulation pump and a cooling fluid which removes heat from the heated cooling fluid can be provided.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass an der Bedrohungsseite des Panzerungselements eine mit Kühlfluid befüllte Opferplatte angeordnet ist. Beim Auftreffen der Laserstrahlung auf die Opferplatte wird diese von dem auftreffenden Laserstrahl zunächst erwärmt. Dabei erwärmt sich auch das innerhalb der Opferplatte angeordnete Fluid. Nach einer gewissen Zeit wird die Opferplatte zerstört und das innerhalb der Opferplatte vorgesehene Kühlfluid verlässt die Opferplatte über den Einstrahlpunkt der Laserstrahlung. Das von oben unter dem Einfluss der Schwerkraft nachströmende Kühlfluid kühlt den Einstrahlbereich weiter, wodurch sich eine gewisse Kühlwirkung ergibt, bevor der Laserstrahl nach Zerstörung der Opferplatte auf die eigentliche Panzerplatte trifft.A further advantageous embodiment provides that a victim plate filled with cooling fluid is arranged on the threat side of the armor element. When the laser radiation hits the sacrificial plate, it is first heated by the incident laser beam. In this case, the fluid arranged within the sacrificial plate also heats up. After a certain time, the sacrificial plate is destroyed and the cooling fluid provided within the sacrificial plate leaves the sacrificial plate via the irradiation point of the laser radiation. The cooling fluid flowing in from above under the influence of gravity further cools the irradiation area, which results in a certain cooling effect, before the laser beam strikes the actual armor plate after destruction of the sacrificial plate.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird vorgeschlagen, dass als Kühlfluid ein Flüssiggas, insbesondere gekühlter Stickstoff, Wasser, Glykol, Kältemittel, ein Instand-Kühlfluid, ein Gel oder ein Schaum verwendet wird.According to an advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that a liquid gas, in particular cooled nitrogen, water, glycol, refrigerant, a Instand cooling fluid, a gel or a foam is used as cooling fluid.
Darüber hinaus wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Panzerungselement mehrere miteinander verbindbare Kammern aufweist, wobei sich in jeder Kammer eine Komponente eines Mehrkomponentenfluids befindet, das nach Mischen infolge einer chemischen Reaktion eine Kühlwirkung erzeugt. Die einzelnen Kammern können durch den Beschuss der Laserstrahlung miteinander verbunden werden, indem Trennwände derart ausgebildet und angeordnet sind, dass diese durch die auftreffende Laserstrahlung zerstört werden. Alternativ kann zwischen den einzelnen Kammern eine über eine Steuerung ansteuerbare Vorrichtung zum Verbinden der jeweiligen Kammern vorgesehen sein. Beispielsweise kann hierzu ein Ventil zwischen den Kammern vorgesehen sein.In addition, it is proposed that the armor element comprise a plurality of interconnectable chambers, wherein in each chamber is a component of a multi-component fluid which produces a cooling effect after mixing due to a chemical reaction. The individual chambers can be connected to each other by the bombardment of the laser radiation by partition walls are designed and arranged such that they are destroyed by the incident laser radiation. Alternatively it can be provided between the individual chambers controllable via a controller device for connecting the respective chambers. For example, this may be provided between the chambers a valve.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass mehrere Panzerungselemente vorgesehen sind. Es kann insbesondere eine Vielzahl von Panzerungselementen über das zu schützende Objekt verteilt angeordnet sein, beispielsweise nach Art einer kachelartigen Anordnung.A further advantageous embodiment provides that several armor elements are provided. In particular, a multiplicity of armor elements can be distributed over the object to be protected, for example in the manner of a tiling-like arrangement.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung können die Panzerungselemente mit separaten Kühlsystemen ausgestattet sein. Im Falle der Zerstörung eines Panzerungselements kann dieses auf einfache Weise mitsamt des zugehörigen Kühlsystems gegen ein neues Panzerungselement ersetzt werden. Eine konstruktiv vorteilhafte da einfache Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass mehrere Panzerungselemente über ein gemeinsames Kühlsystem verfügen. Es ergibt sich ein vergleichsweise einfacher Aufbau, da nicht jedes Panzerungselement separat beispielsweise mit einem Kühlaggregat zum Kühlen des Kühlfluids ausgestattet sein muss.According to a further embodiment, the armor elements can be equipped with separate cooling systems. In the case of destruction of an armor element this can be easily replaced with the associated cooling system against a new armor element. A structurally advantageous because simple design provides that several armor elements have a common cooling system. The result is a comparatively simple structure, since not every armor element must be equipped separately, for example, with a cooling unit for cooling the cooling fluid.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich zu dem Kühlfluid kann das Kühlsystem auch ein elektrisches Kühlmittel, insbesondere ein Peltier-Element aufweisen. Das Peltier-Element kann beispielsweise an der objektseitigen Rückseite des Panzerungselements angebracht sein und dort durch Bestromung eine Kühlwirkung entfalten.As an alternative or in addition to the cooling fluid, the cooling system can also have an electrical coolant, in particular a Peltier element. The Peltier element may for example be attached to the object-side rear side of the armor element and unfold there by energizing a cooling effect.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass eine die Laserstrahlung erkennende Sensorik zur Auslösung eines Panzerungselements vorgesehen ist. Bei der die Laserstrahlung erkennenden Sensorik kann es sich um lichtempfindliche Sensoren handeln. Sobald diese eine auftreffende Laserstrahlung erkennen, kann das Kühlsystem aktiviert und die entstehende Wärme abgeleitet werden.An advantageous embodiment provides that a laser radiation detecting sensor is provided for triggering an armor element. The sensors detecting the laser radiation may be photosensitive sensors. As soon as they detect an incident laser radiation, the cooling system can be activated and the resulting heat dissipated.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass das Panzerungselement gegenüber dem Objekt bewegbar angeordnet ist. Durch die bewegbare Anordnung des Panzerungselements gegenüber dem Objekt kann das Panzerungselement auch gegenüber dem auf dem Objekt auftreffenden Laserstrahl bewegt werden. Hierdurch wird ein lokal auf einen einzigen Einstrahlpunkt begrenzter Energieeintrag vermieden. Die Energie des Laserstrahls wird entsprechend der Bewegung des Panzerungselements nicht lokal in nur einem Einstrahlpunkt, sondern entlang des Bewegungswegs des Panzerungselements über eine größere Fläche verteilt in das Panzerungselement eingekoppelt. Die Gefahr eines Materialversagens infolge der durch die Laserstrahlung eingebrachten Wärme wird deutlich verringert.A further advantageous embodiment provides that the armor element is arranged to be movable relative to the object. Due to the movable arrangement of the armor element relative to the object, the armor element can also be moved relative to the laser beam incident on the object. As a result, a locally limited to a single Einstrahlpunkt energy input is avoided. The energy of the laser beam is coupled in accordance with the movement of the armor element not locally in only one Einstrahlpunkt, but along the path of movement of the armor element over a larger area distributed in the armor element. The risk of material failure due to the heat introduced by the laser radiation is significantly reduced.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass das Panzerungselement vor einer zu schützenden Fläche des Objekts angeordnet und in einer Richtung parallel und/oder quer zu der zu schützenden Fläche bewegbar angeordnet ist.An advantageous embodiment provides that the armor element is arranged in front of a surface to be protected of the object and arranged to be movable in a direction parallel and / or transversely to the surface to be protected.
Durch paralleles Bewegen lässt sich der Energieeintrag des Laserstrahls über die Fläche verteilen. Durch eine Bewegung quer zur zu schützenden Fläche kann das Schutzelement aus der Fokuslage des Laserstrahls heraus bewegt werden, wodurch die Energiedichte im Einstrahlpunkt ebenfalls gesenkt werden kann.By moving in parallel, the energy input of the laser beam can be distributed over the surface. By moving transversely to the surface to be protected, the protective element can be moved out of the focal position of the laser beam, whereby the energy density in the Einstrahlpunkt can also be lowered.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass das Panzerungselement in mehreren Richtungen bewegbar angeordnet ist. Beispielsweise kann das Panzerungselement in einer im Wesentlichen vertikalen und zusätzlich in einer im Wesentlichen horizontalen Richtung bewegt werden.A further embodiment of the invention provides that the armor element is arranged to be movable in several directions. For example, the armor element can be moved in a substantially vertical and additionally in a substantially horizontal direction.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass das Panzerungselement über einen Antrieb, insbesondere einen elektrischen, hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Antrieb bewegbar ausgebildet ist. Über den Antrieb lassen sich definierte Bewegungsabläufe auf das Panzerungselement übertragen.A further embodiment provides that the armor element is designed to be movable via a drive, in particular an electric, hydraulic or pneumatic drive. The drive allows defined movement sequences to be transferred to the armor element.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass das Panzerungselement federnd gelagert ist. Durch die federnde Lagerung des Panzerungselements kann sich dieses beispielsweise bei Anbringung an einem militärischen Fahrzeug infolge der im Fahrbetrieb auftretenden Kräfte selbsttätig bewegen.A further advantageous embodiment provides that the armor element is resiliently mounted. Due to the resilient mounting of the armor element, this can move automatically when mounted on a military vehicle due to the forces occurring during driving, for example.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass ein Sichtschutz vorgesehen ist, durch welchen die Bewegungen des Panzerungselements verdeckt werden. Durch den im Einstrahlweg des Laserstrahls angeordneten Sichtschutz sind die Bewegungen des Panzerungselements für den Angreifer nicht sichtbar. Der Sichtschutz ist auf der Bedrohungsseite des Panzerungselements angeordnet. Es ist dem Angreifer daher nicht möglich, die Bewegungen zu antizipieren und zu versuchen, den Laserstrahl den Bewegungen des Panzerungselements nachzuführen, um auf diese Weise eine bestimmte Stelle des Panzerungselements gezielt unter Dauerbeschuss zu nehmen.A particularly advantageous embodiment provides that a privacy shield is provided, through which the movements of the armor element are covered. By arranged in the beam path of the laser beam sight protection, the movements of the armor element for the attacker are not visible. The privacy screen is located on the threat side of the armor element. It is therefore not possible for the attacker to anticipate the movements and to try the laser beam to move the armor element track in order to take in this way a specific point of the armor element targeted under continuous fire.
Vorteilhaft ist es in diesem Zusammenhang, wenn der Sichtschutz zumindest die Kanten des Panzerungselements abdeckt. Ein Abdecken der Kanten des Panzerungselements reicht in den meisten Fällen aus, da sich die Bewegung eines insbesondere plattenförmig ausgebildeten Panzerungselements zumeist nur an dessen Kanten erkennen lässt.It is advantageous in this context if the privacy shield covers at least the edges of the armor element. Covering the edges of the armor element is sufficient in most cases, since the movement of a particular plate-shaped armor element can usually only be seen at the edges.
Eine konstruktiv vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass der Sichtschutz feststehend ausgebildet ist und das Panzerungselement im Sichtschatten des Sichtschutzes bewegbar ist.A structurally advantageous embodiment provides that the privacy shield is designed to be stationary and the armor element is movable in the visual shadow of the privacy screen.
Eine weitere in konstruktiver Hinsicht vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass das Panzerungselement in einem Zwischenbereich zwischen einer Außenfläche des zu schützenden Objekts und dem Sichtschutz angeordnet ist.Another structurally advantageous embodiment provides that the armor element is arranged in an intermediate region between an outer surface of the object to be protected and the privacy screen.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Sichtschutz in einem schmalbandigen Wellenlängenbereich optisch transparent ausgebildet ist. Der Wellenlängenbereich, in welchem der Sichtschutz optisch transparent ist, kann entsprechend der Wellenlänge der Laserwaffe eingestellt sein. In diesem Fall ist der Sichtschutz für den Laserstrahl transparent, so dass dieser bei Einstrahlung nicht beeinträchtigt wird und der Laserstrahl ungehindert durch den Sichtschutz hindurchtritt. Diese Ausgestaltung bietet sich insbesondere bei Laserstrahlung im UV- oder IR-Wellenlängenbereich an, welche außerhalb des vom menschlichen Auge optisch wahrnehmbaren Spektrums liegt. In diesem Fall strahlt der Laserstrahl ungehindert durch den Sichtschutz hindurch auf das sich hinter dem Sichtschutz bewegende Panzerungselement, was für den Angreifer jedoch nicht zu erkennen ist. Dem Angreifer stellt sich die Situation so dar, als ob der Laserstrahl von der Fläche absorbiert würde, ohne dass dies überhaupt irgendeine Wirkung hätte.In a further embodiment, it is proposed that the privacy screen is designed to be optically transparent in a narrow-band wavelength range. The wavelength range in which the privacy screen is optically transparent may be adjusted according to the wavelength of the laser weapon. In this case, the screen is transparent to the laser beam, so that it is not affected by irradiation and the laser beam passes unhindered through the screen. This embodiment is particularly suitable for laser radiation in the UV or IR wavelength range, which lies outside of the visually perceptible by the human eye spectrum. In this case, the laser beam radiates unhindered through the privacy screen onto the armor element moving behind the privacy screen, which, however, can not be recognized by the attacker. The attacker faces the situation like this as if the laser beam were absorbed by the surface without any effect whatsoever.
Für einen flächigen Schutz auch großflächigerer Objekte ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Laserpanzerung mehrere bewegbar angeordnete Panzerungselemente aufweist, die kachelartig über das zu schützende Objekt verteilt angeordnet sind. Auf diese Weise lässt sich mit im Wesentlichen als Gleichteile ausgebildeten Panzerungselementen auch ein Schutz von größeren Objekten realisieren. Sollte einmal eines der Panzerungselemente beispielsweise durch gegnerischen Laserbeschuss beschädigt sein, kann dieses auf einfache Weise gegen ein neues Panzerungselement ausgetauscht werden. Die Panzerungselemente können als Schutzmodule ausgebildet sein, die sich mit wenigen Handgriffen an dem Objekt anbringen bzw. von diesem entfernen lassen.For a planar protection even of larger-area objects, it is advantageous if the laser armor has a plurality of armor elements arranged movably, which are distributed in a tiling manner over the object to be protected. In this way, with armor elements designed essentially as identical parts, it is also possible to realize protection of larger objects. Should one of the armor elements, for example, be damaged by an enemy laser shot, this can be easily replaced with a new armor element. The armor elements may be designed as protection modules that attach to the object with a few simple steps or can be removed from this.
Eine für die Schutzwirkung der Laserpanzerung vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass die Panzerungselemente in mehreren Lagen angeordnet sind. Es ergibt sich eine redundante Anordnung der Panzerungselemente derart, dass bei Versagen einer äußeren Lage von Panzerungselementen der Laserstrahl auf eine weiter innen liegende Lage trifft.An advantageous for the protective effect of the laser armor embodiment provides that the armor elements are arranged in multiple layers. The result is a redundant arrangement of armor elements such that in case of failure of an outer layer of armor elements of the laser beam strikes a more inner layer.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist es von Vorteil, wenn jede Lage mehrere Panzerungselemente aufweist, wobei die Bewegungsrichtungen der Panzerungselemente in zwei benachbarten Lagen unterschiedlich sind.In this context, it is advantageous if each layer has a plurality of armor elements, wherein the directions of movement of the armor elements are different in two adjacent layers.
Darüber hinaus hat es sich im Zusammenhang mit der Laserpanzerung als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn diese eine Sensorik zur Erkennung der Laserstrahlung aufweist. Im Falle einer Laserstrahlerkennung mittels der Sensorik können die Panzerungselemente automatisch in Bewegung versetzt werden. Es ist nicht erforderlich, die Panzerungselemente ständig zu bewegen, sondern nur im Falle einer konkreten Bedrohungslage, die über die Sensorik zuverlässig erkannt wird.Moreover, it has proven to be advantageous in connection with the laser armor if it has a sensor for detecting the laser radiation. In the case of laser beam detection by means of the sensor, the armor elements can be automatically set in motion. It is not necessary to constantly move the armor elements, but only in case a specific threat situation, which is reliably detected by the sensors.
Bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art wird zur Lösung der vorstehenden Aufgabe vorgeschlagen, dass die eingestrahlte Laserstrahlung durch eine Vielzahl optischer Wirkkörper beeinträchtigt wird. Es ergeben sich die bereits im Zusammenhang mit der Laserpanzerung geschilderten Vorteile.In a method of the type mentioned is proposed to solve the above problem that the irradiated laser radiation is affected by a variety of optical active body. It results in the already described in connection with the laser armor advantages.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens ist die Laserpanzerung gemäß einem oder mehreren der zuvor beschriebenen Merkmale ausgebildet.In an advantageous embodiment of the method, the laser armor is formed according to one or more of the features described above.
Schließlich wird zur Lösung der vorstehend genannten Aufgabe bei einem Fahrzeug der eingangs genannten Art vorgeschlagen, dass dieses eine Laserpanzerung gemäß einem oder mehreren der zuvor geschilderten Merkmale aufweist. Auch bei einem solchen Fahrzeug ergeben sich die bereits im Zusammenhang mit der Laserpanzerung geschilderten Vorteile.Finally, to solve the above object in a vehicle of the type mentioned is proposed that this has a laser armor according to one or more of the features previously described. Even with such a vehicle, the already described in connection with the laser armor advantages arise.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten einer erfindungsgemäßen Laserpanzerung, eines Verfahrens zum Schutz eines Objekts mit einer Laserpanzerung sowie eines mit einer Laserpanzerung ausgestatteten militärischen Fahrzeugs werden nachfolgend unter Zuhilfenahme der beigefügten Zeichnung von Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert. Darin zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- in perspektivischer, stark schematisierter Ansicht ein zu schützendes Objekt mit einer mehrere Panzerungselemente aufweisenden Laserpanzerung,
- Fig. 2 bis 5
- schematische Ansichten unterschiedlicher Ausführungen von Panzerungselementen.
- Fig. 6-12
- verschiedene Ausgestaltungen einer Laserpanzerung mit einem Kühlsystem in schematischen Prinzipansichten und
- Fig. 13 - 18
- verschiedene Ausgestaltungen einer Laserpanzerung mit einem gegenüber dem zu schützenden Objekt bewegbar angeordneten Panzerungselement in schematischen Prinzipansichten.
- Fig. 1
- in a perspective, highly schematic view of an object to be protected with a laser armoring having several armor elements,
- Fig. 2 to 5
- schematic views of different versions of armor elements.
- Fig. 6-12
- Various embodiments of a laser armor with a cooling system in schematic schematic views and
- FIGS. 13-18
- various embodiments of a laser armor with a movable against the object to be protected arranged armor element in schematic principle views.
Bei dem Objekt 10 kann es sich um ein immobiles Objekt, wie beispielsweise ein Gebäude, einen Bunker, oder um ein mobiles Objekt, wie beispielsweise ein militärisches Fahrzeug und insbesondere ein militärisches Landfahrzeug handeln. Die Laserpanzerung 1 dient zum Schutz vor Laserwaffen worunter erfindungsgemäß sämtliche mittels gebündelter Strahlung arbeitende Strahlenwaffen zu verstehen sind.The
Wie bereits die Darstellung in
Wie dies nachstehend anhand der Ausführungen in den
Bei der Ausführung gemäß
Beim Auftreffen eines Laserstrahls wird dieser an der entsprechenden Oberfläche 3.1 des Wirkkörpers 3 reflektiert. Nach erfolgter Reflexion trifft der Laserstrahl dann ggf. auf einen weiteren Wirkkörper 3 und wird erneut reflektiert. Mit jeder Reflexion sinkt die Intensität des auf das Objekt 10 einwirkenden Laserstrahls, so dass dieser - falls das Panzerungselement 2 überhaupt durchstrahlt werden sollte, nur mit deutlich reduzierter Intensität auf das Objekt 10 trifft. Wesentliche Anteile des Laserstrahls werden zudem von dem Objekt 10 weg gelenkt.Upon impact of a laser beam, this is reflected at the corresponding surface 3.1 of the active body 3. After reflection has taken place, the laser beam then possibly strikes another active body 3 and is reflected again. With each reflection decreases the intensity of the laser beam acting on the
Auf einem anderen physikalischen Wirkprinzip beruht das in
Bei diesem ist ebenfalls eine Vielzahl optischer Wirkkörper 4 von zum Teil unterschiedlicher Geometrie vorgesehen. Über die Wirkkörper 4 wird ein auftreffender Laserstrahl, wie ein solcher in
Die Wirkkörper 4 können gemäß der schematischen Darstellung verschiedene Geometrien aufweisen. Wichtig ist, dass diese gegeneinander abgewinkelt verlaufende Flächen oder runde Flächen aufweisen, an welchen dann die Brechung des Lichts erfolgt. Zusätzlich kann es sich bei den Wirkkörpern 4 gemäß der Darstellung in
Auf einem weiteren physikalischen Wirkprinzip beruht der in
Auch dieser kann gemäß den Darstellungen in den
Gemäß der Darstellung in den
Vorteilhaft ist es in diesem Zusammenhang, wenn die Aufnahme 2.1 von kastenförmiger Geometrie ist und bedrohungsseitig mit einer optisch transparenten Abdeckung nach Art eines Deckels versehen ist. Die Abdeckung kann im Bereich der erwarteten Laserstrahlung in einem schmalbandigen Wellenlängenbereich optisch transparent ausgebildet sein. Dies führt dazu, dass der auftreffende Laserstrahl ungehindert durch die Abdeckung hindurch tritt und erst durch die dahinter liegenden Wirkkörper 3, 4, 5 beeinträchtigt wird. Eine Zerstörung der Abdeckung wird auf diese Weise vermieden. Ein anderer positiver Effekt stellt sich bei solchen Abdeckungen ein, die in einem außerhalb des vom menschlichen Auge wahrnehmbaren Wellenlängenbereichs optisch transparent sind. Denn bei diesen tritt beispielsweise ein Laserstrahl im IR-Bereich durch die Abdeckung hindurch, hinter welcher er dann über die optischen Wirkkörper 3, 4, 5 beeinträchtigt wird. Da dies für das menschliche Auge nicht wahrnehmbar ist, kann der Angreifer diese Effekte jedenfalls nicht ohne Weiteres erkennen. Außerhalb des Erfindungsrahmens liegt es, wenn eine Vielzahl Wirkkörper 3, 4, 5 in ein Trägermaterial eingebettet ist, welches auf die Bedrohungsseite des Panzerungselements 2 aufbringbar ist. Ähnlich einer Sonnenschutzcreme können innerhalb des Trägermaterials eine Vielzahl kleinerer Wirkkörper 3, 4, 5 eingebettet sein. Bei Erkennung eines Laserangriffs kann dann das Trägermaterial und mit diesem die Wirkkörper 3, 4, 5 auf die bedrohte Seite des zu schützenden Objekts 10 gezielt ausgebracht werden. Hierzu kann beispielsweise ein entsprechendes Leitungssystem mit mehreren Austrittsdüsen zum Aufbringen der in dem Trägermaterial angeordneten Wirkkörper 3, 4, 5 auf eine bedrohte Stelle des Objekts vorgesehen sein.It is advantageous in this context if the recording is 2.1 of box-shaped geometry and threat side is provided with an optically transparent cover in the manner of a lid. The cover may be formed in the region of the expected laser radiation in a narrow band wavelength range optically transparent. As a result, the incident laser beam passes unhindered through the cover and is impaired only by the
Eine weitere und außerhalb des Erfindungsrahmens liegende Anordnung der Wirkkörper 3, 4, 5 ist in
Durch Beeinträchtigung der eingestrahlten Laserstrahlung mittels einer Vielzahl optischer Wirkkörper 3, 4, 5, kann die auftreffende Laserstrahlung durch Reflexion, Brechung oder Beugung derart beeinträchtigt werden, dass unabhängig von der Einstrahlrichtung des auftreffenden Laserstrahls eine Abschwächung der Intensität der Laserstrahlung erfolgt. Die Gefahr eines Materialversagens infolge sehr intensiver Einstrahlung wird deutlich verringert.By impairing the irradiated laser radiation by means of a plurality of optical
Wie nachfolgend anhand der Darstellungen in den
Wie die Darstellungen in den
Es können mehrere Panzerungselemente 2 über ein gemeinsames Kühlsystem 13 verfügen. Alternativ ist es jedoch auch denkbar dass jedes Panzerungselement 2 mit einem eigenen Kühlsystem 13 ausgestattet ist, vgl. beispielsweise
Die Panzerungselemente 2 können jeweils einen Teil eines Kühlkreislaufes 14 aufweisen. Die Panzerungselemente 2 können schuppenartig über eine Fläche des zu schützenden Objekts 10 verteilt angeordnet und der Kühlkreislauf 14 ist mäanderförmig durch mehrere Panzerungselemente 2 hindurchgeführt sein. Die Panzerungselemente 2 weisen hierzu jeweils Rohrleitungsstücke auf, die mit entsprechenden Rohrleitungsstücken eines benachbarten Panzerungselements 2 beispielsweise durch Ineinanderstecken verbunden werden können, um auf diese Weise einen geschlossenen Kühlkreislauf 14 zu bilden. Innerhalb des Kühlkreislaufs 14 strömt ein Kühlfluid, welches beim Durchlaufen der Panzerungselemente 2 Wärme aufnimmt und diese an anderer Stelle als Abwärme abgibt.The
Der Kühlkreislauf 4 kann über einen eine Art Kühlaggregat bildenden Kältemittelkreis mit einem Abwärmekreis verbunden sein. Der Kältemittelkreis besteht in üblicher Weise aus einem Verdampfer, in welchem das über die Laserstrahlung erwärmte Kühlfluid unter Abgabe von Wärme zu einer Verdampfung des innerhalb des Kältemittelkreises strömenden Kältemittels sorgt. Das verdampfte Kältemittel wird über einen Kompressor in einen Wärmetauscher geführt, in welchem das Kältemittel seine Wärme an den Abwärmekreis abgibt. Hierbei verflüssigt sich das Kältemittel in Teilen, wonach es dann über eine Drossel in den Verdampfer zurückgeführt wird, wo es dann unter erneuter Aufnahme von über die Laserstrahlung eingebrachter Energie verdampft. Es ergibt sich eine Anordnung, bei welcher aufgrund des zwischengeschalteten Kältemittelkreises große Wärmemengen abgeführt werden können. Alternativ wäre es jedoch auch denkbar, die von dem Kühlfluid aufgenommene Wärme auf andere Weise und insbesondere ohne eine Kältemittelkreis abzuführen.The
Neben solchen Ausführungen mit einem geschlossenen Kühlkreislauf 14 können auch solche Ausgestaltungen vorteilhaft sein, bei welchen das Kühlfluid 11 nicht notwendigerweise in einem Kühlkreislauf 14 zirkuliert.In addition to such embodiments with a
Bei den Ausführungen gemäß den
Bei der Ausführung gemäß
Von ganz ähnlicher Konstruktion ist die Ausführung gemäß
Bei der Ausführung gemäß
Darüber hinaus können die Panzerungselemente 2 gegenüber dem Objekt 10 bewegbar angeordnet werden, was nachfolgend anhand der Darstellungen in den
Wie die Darstellung beispielsweise in
Bei der Ausführung gemäß
Während die Darstellung in
Wie die Darstellung in
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Panzerungselement 2 auch federnd aufgehängt sein, wie dies in
Zur Vermeidung einer Zielnachführung der Laserstrahlung ist gemäß der Darstellungen in den
Wie die Darstellung in
Gemäß der Ausgestaltung in
Eine alternative Ausgestaltung des Sichtschutzes 23 ist in
Da der Sichtschutz 23 für den auftreffenden Laserstrahl optisch transparent ist, tritt dieser quasi ungehindert durch den Sichtschutz 23 hindurch und trifft auf das Panzerungselement 2, welches sich gegenüber dem Objekt 10 bewegt. Die Bewegungen des Panzerungselements 2 sind für den Angreifer jedoch nicht sichtbar, da die Wellenlänge der Laserstrahlung häufig außerhalb des für das menschliche Auge sichtbaren Bereichs liegt oder aufgrund der Schmalbandigkeit der optischen Transparenz des Sichtschutzes 23 für den Angreifer zumindest nur schwer zu erkennen. Dem Angreifer bietet sich daher ein Bild, bei welchem der Laserstrahl quasi in dem Sichtschutz 23 verschwindet ohne hier eine nennenswerte Wirkung hervorzurufen. Denn selbst bei Zerstörung eines der Panzerungselemente 2 wäre dies aufgrund des Sichtschutzes 23 für den Angreifer nicht erkennbar.Since the
Eine im Hinblick auf deren Schutzwirkung verbesserte Ausgestaltung zeigt schließlich die Darstellung in
- 11
- Laserpanzerunglaser armor
- 22
- Panzerungselementarmor panel
- 2.12.1
- Aufnahmeadmission
- 2.22.2
- Einlassinlet
- 2.32.3
- Auslassoutlet
- 2.42.4
- Kanteedge
- 33
- Optischer Wirkkörper, ReflexionskörperOptical active body, reflection body
- 3.13.1
- Oberflächesurface
- 44
- Optischer Wirkkörper, BrechungskörperOptical active body, refractive body
- 55
- Optischer Wirkkörper, BeugungskörperOptical active body, diffraction body
- 5.15.1
- Beugungsspaltflexion gap
- 1010
- Objektobject
- 1111
- Kühlfluidcooling fluid
- 1212
- Flächearea
- 1313
- Kühlsystemcooling system
- 1414
- KühlkreislaufCooling circuit
- 1515
- Sprühvorrichtungsprayer
- 1616
- Kammerchamber
- 1717
- Opferplattesacrificial plate
- R1 R 1
- Richtungdirection
- R2 R 2
- Richtungdirection
- L1 L 1
- Lagelocation
- L2 L 2
- Lagelocation
- MM
- Antriebdrive
- SS
- Sensoriksensors
- PP
- Pumpepump
Claims (13)
- Armour against laser radiation for protecting an object (10), in particular a vehicle, against laser weapons, having an armour element (2) which can be arranged on the object (10), wherein the armour element (2) has a multiplicity of optically effective bodies (3, 4, 5) for negatively affecting the incident laser radiation, wherein the effective bodies (3, 4, 5) are configured in the form of reflective bodies (3) for reflecting the laser radiation, which reflective bodies have a reflective surface (3.1),
characterized
in that the effective bodies (3) are arranged in the form of loose bulk material within a housing-type receptacle (2.1) of the armour element (2). - Armour against laser radiation according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reflective bodies (3) have a mirror surface.
- Armour against laser radiation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the effective bodies (4) are additionally configured in the form of refractive bodies (4) for refracting the laser radiation.
- Armour against laser radiation according to Claim 3, characterized in that the refractive bodies (4) have a curved surface for widening the laser radiation.
- Armour against laser radiation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the effective bodies (5) are additionally configured in the form of diffracting bodies (5) for diffracting the laser radiation.
- Armour against laser radiation according to Claim 5, characterized in that the diffracting bodies (5) have diffraction slits (5.1).
- Armour against laser radiation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of effective bodies (3, 4, 5) are arranged one behind the other in the effective direction of the laser radiation.
- Armour against laser radiation according to Claim 1, characterized in that the receptacle (2.1) is configured, at least on the side of the threat, to be optically transparent in the wavelength range of the laser weapons.
- Armour against laser radiation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the effective bodies (3, 4, 5) have a plurality of surfaces which extend at angles with respect to one another.
- Armour against laser radiation according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the effective bodies (3, 4) are spherical.
- Armour against laser radiation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cooling system (13) for dissipating heat introduced by the laser radiation is provided and/or that the armour element (2) is arranged such that it is movable with respect to the object (10).
- Method for protecting an object (10), in particular a vehicle, against laser weapons, having armour (1) against laser radiation having an armour element (2), wherein the incident laser radiation is negatively affected by a multiplicity of optically effective bodies (3, 4, 5),
characterized
in that the armour (1) against laser radiation is configured according to one of Claims 1 to 11. - Vehicle, in particular military vehicle, characterized by armour (1) against laser radiation according to one of Claims 1 to 11.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013107370.0A DE102013107370B4 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2013-07-11 | laser armor |
PCT/DE2014/100236 WO2015003689A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2014-07-08 | Armor against laser radiation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3019816A1 EP3019816A1 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
EP3019816B1 true EP3019816B1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
Family
ID=51263162
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14746939.9A Active EP3019816B1 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2014-07-08 | Armor against laser radiation |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3019816B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013107370B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2658038T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015003689A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109963465A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2019-07-02 | 沃尔玛阿波罗有限责任公司 | For the system and method via unmanned vehicle identity comprising the harmful organism in the region of crops |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3986690A (en) * | 1975-10-28 | 1976-10-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Laser defense and countermeasure system for aircraft |
US4852452A (en) * | 1982-01-06 | 1989-08-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Defense to laser light irradiation |
FR2607936B1 (en) * | 1986-12-04 | 1989-03-03 | Philippe Gravisse | COUNTER-MEASUREMENT PROCESS IN THE FIELD OF LENS DESIGNATION AND LASER TELEMETRY, MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID COUNTER-MEASUREMENT METHOD |
US5788110A (en) * | 1988-12-06 | 1998-08-04 | Alhamad; Shaikh Ghaleb Mohammad Yassin | Articles and methods for protection against focused beams of radiant energy |
DE3842115A1 (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1990-06-21 | Manfred Dr Held | Device for protection of targets against illumination by high-power lasers |
DE3901039A1 (en) * | 1989-01-14 | 1990-08-02 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Protection device against laser illumination (irradiation) |
DE4007973A1 (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1991-09-19 | Selim Dipl Ing Mourad | Epoxy] resin-based radiation screen - has heterogeneous laminate structure with inner and outer cover layers of boron-contg. epoxy] resin etc. |
US5736474A (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1998-04-07 | Thomas; Howard L. | Multi-structure ballistic material |
FR2719660B1 (en) * | 1994-05-06 | 1996-06-28 | Giat Ind Sa | Method for cooling the visible walls of the metal body of a mobile vehicle, such as an armored vehicle. |
DE19528776A1 (en) * | 1995-08-04 | 1997-02-06 | Krauss Maffei Ag | Cooling armoured military vehicle interior - using cooling system circuit separate from refrigeration generator |
US5576508A (en) * | 1995-09-26 | 1996-11-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Extendable armor |
DE19809629A1 (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 1999-09-09 | Wegmann & Co Gmbh | Device for protecting the interior of a combat vehicle, in particular a main battle tank, against heating up by solar radiation |
DE20202061U1 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2002-07-18 | Poesl Rudolf | shielding |
DE102006036500B8 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-07-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Wall element for protection against laser radiation |
WO2009126053A1 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-15 | Tomasz Karlewski | Moving armour |
DE102009040661A1 (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2011-03-10 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Laser protection module |
DE102010054130A1 (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-14 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Protective equipment for security forces |
DE102010054131A1 (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-14 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Passive self-protection for vehicles, in particular for flying objects, and objects with at least one window |
-
2013
- 2013-07-11 DE DE102013107370.0A patent/DE102013107370B4/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
-
2014
- 2014-07-08 EP EP14746939.9A patent/EP3019816B1/en active Active
- 2014-07-08 ES ES14746939.9T patent/ES2658038T3/en active Active
- 2014-07-08 WO PCT/DE2014/100236 patent/WO2015003689A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102013107370B4 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
WO2015003689A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
EP3019816A1 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
ES2658038T3 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
DE102013107370A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
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