EP3001499B1 - Optically quasi-transparent antenna system - Google Patents

Optically quasi-transparent antenna system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3001499B1
EP3001499B1 EP14306461.6A EP14306461A EP3001499B1 EP 3001499 B1 EP3001499 B1 EP 3001499B1 EP 14306461 A EP14306461 A EP 14306461A EP 3001499 B1 EP3001499 B1 EP 3001499B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating elements
function
antenna system
antenna
power supply
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EP14306461.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3001499A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Harel
Gaetan Fauquert
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Nokia Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
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Nokia Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
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Priority to EP14306461.6A priority Critical patent/EP3001499B1/en
Publication of EP3001499A1 publication Critical patent/EP3001499A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of telecommunications antenna systems transmitting microwave radio waves. It relates more particularly to so-called “optically quasi-transparent” antenna systems for an observer.
  • An antenna system is usually made up of several antennas in a network (“Antenna Array”). They may in particular be so-called “patch” planar antennas or alignments of dipoles working in a given frequency band, which are intended more particularly for cellular telephone applications.
  • optical quasi-transparent antenna systems are at the center of operators' interest for their visual and aesthetic qualities, allowing them better integration into the landscape.
  • the term “optically quasi-transparent” is understood to mean a device which allows visible light to pass in a proportion of at least 80%, so that the human eye does not identify at first glance the presence of. such a device.
  • Certain antenna systems of quasi-transparent design already exist which include a radome and quasi-transparent radiating elements.
  • the currently installed network antenna systems must evolve towards an increasingly low visual impact, a smaller size and weight, and an improvement in the characteristics of the supply system of the radiating elements.
  • variable electric tilt antennas VET for “Variable Electric Tilt”
  • VET Variable Electric Tilt
  • the different materials used for these quasi-transparent embodiments often have very different thermal behaviors which lead to an elaborate mechanical structure.
  • Multiband antenna systems usually group together in a common mechanical structure several network antennas ("Panel Antenna"). These antenna systems include several rows of radiating elements operating in different frequency domains. Some multiband antenna systems, for example, tend to have large dimensions with an impact on wind resistance and heavy weight. This can lead to potential problems concerning the mounting and installation material of the antennas, but also on the support structure (mast, pylon, tower, wall, etc.) and the mechanical parts providing the interface.
  • antenna systems comprising networked panel antennas are sold “as is”, that is to say that the functionalities of the supply network for the radiating elements are predetermined. If an adaptation is necessary in the event of a modification or an update concerning the characteristics or the performances of the supply network, or if a new functionality is required, all the components of the antenna system must be changed.
  • WO2014006177A1 describes an antenna system in which the individual feed lines of the radiating elements connected to the feed network of the antenna are arranged in reinforcements placed along the edges of the panel antenna in order to reduce the impact visual of its central part.
  • the document JP H11 122023 A describes an antenna system comprising at least one component housing the radiofrequency radiation function comprising a mechanical structure and radiating elements, and at least one component housing the electrical supply function of the radiating elements.
  • the object of the present invention is an antenna system according to claim 1.
  • One or more of the necessary functions of the electrical supply network of the radiating elements are remote from the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function of the antenna, thus making it possible to simplify, by making smaller and lighter, the component housing the function.
  • radiofrequency radiation in particular the mechanical frame which must be installed on the support (mast, pylon, tower, wall, etc.) required by the cellular telecommunications network.
  • the realization of the general mechanical structure of the antenna is facilitated because the number of different parts and materials to be used is limited.
  • the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function of the antenna comprises the mechanical structure of the antenna, for example the frame including in particular a reflector and a radome, and the alignment of the radiating elements provided with their individual supply line.
  • the component housing the electric power supply function of the radiating elements comprises in particular dividers, phase shifters, cables and the individual supply lines which are necessary to supply the radiating elements as much in phase as in amplitude.
  • the problem of the quasi-transparent integration of the supply network of the radiating elements is avoided.
  • Achieving a component housing the quasi-transparent power supply function is indeed a difficult task because it brings together many supply lines and the necessary devices (dividers, phase shifters, etc.).
  • This component requires the use of materials with excellent conductivity which is not accessible with transparent or quasi-transparent materials such as transparent conductive oxides, such as indium oxide doped with tin ITO (for "Indium Tin Oxide ”in English), tin oxide doped with AgHT silver, zinc doped with aluminum, etc ..., for example.
  • the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function is seen by an observer.
  • the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function comprises a limited number of parts, which makes it possible to control its visual impact more easily and to improve the quasi-transparency of the antenna system seen by the observer.
  • the power line and the strand are coaxial cables.
  • the component housing the power supply function is placed in the vicinity of a base station.
  • a polarization T is a three-port device whose function is to allow a radiofrequency signal and a direct electric current to pass at the same time through a single coaxial cable, as well as a digital communication signal. This device thus makes it possible to connect devices located at a certain distance from a base station BTS (for "Base Station” in English) by using a smaller number of cables.
  • Polarization T's are usually used to power electro-mechanical control units such as RETs (for “Remote Electrical Tilt”) and ACUs (for “Antenna Control Unit”). When these control units are located in the vicinity of the BTS, a larger number of cables of shorter length can be used.
  • This solution is particularly advantageous for complex, heavy and large antenna systems, such as systems comprising multiband antennas.
  • the figures 1a and 1b respectively illustrates an antenna system 1 according to the prior art and a quasi-transparent antenna system 10 according to the invention which are placed on a wall 2 , such as a building wall for example. Here they are represented as perceived by an observer facing them.
  • the individual feed lines of the radiating elements connected to the feed network of the antenna are arranged in reinforcements placed along the edges of the panel antenna in order to reduce the visual impact of its central part.
  • the thickness of the peripheral reinforcements 3 of the antenna is an obstacle vis-à-vis the objective of producing an optically quasi-transparent antenna system.
  • the component housing the electric power supply function of the radiating elements is placed on the opposite face of the wall. It is connected to the radiating elements of the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function by means of jumper cables 11 , one by polarization, extending the individual supply lines of the radiating elements.
  • the individual supply lines can be coaxial cables or microstrip lines (“microstrip” in English) or triplates (“stripline” in English).
  • the component housing the power supply function of the radiating elements being offset, the peripheral reinforcements 12 of the antenna no longer have to house this component. They can therefore be appreciably thinner and / or composed of a material having an appearance close to that of the support, and thus less visible to the observer than in the case of the antenna system 1 of the prior art (fig. the).
  • a cross-polarized directional antenna system 10 comprises a substantially planar and rectangular planar reflector and an array of radiating elements carried by this reflector.
  • Each radiating element comprises at least two first conductors mounted head to tail, supplied by a first external source of energy and forming a first dipole, and two second conductors mounted in a similar manner to the first conductors, supplied by a second external source of energy. and forming a second dipole.
  • a dipole is defined by two straight conductors, which are mounted on two brackets for their attachment to the reflector and are connected to the (+) and (-) terminals of a power source.
  • the arrayed radiating elements are aligned along the longitudinal axis of the reflector.
  • FIG 2 illustrates an embodiment of an antenna system 20 with variable electric inclination VET which comprises at least one antenna-panel 21 comprising a row of radiating elements 22 with crossed polarization (+ 45 ° and -45 °) in an array phase.
  • the panel antenna 21 comprises a network of supply lines 23A , 23B , each of these lines being intended for the supply of one or more radiating elements 22 .
  • the supply lines 23A , 23B are grouped together in bundles of lines for each polarization and connected to the bridging cables, either by their extension in the form of strands, or by means of connectors.
  • the radiating elements 22 of the panel antenna 21 are arranged on a common reflector 25 made of a quasi-transparent conductive material, such as indium oxide doped with tin ITO or a fabric composed of thin conductive wires, for example copper wires with a mesh size less than or equal to ⁇ / 10.
  • the aligned radiating elements 22 are separated by transverse partitions 26 which notably improve the insulation between the radiating elements 22 and framed by longitudinal partitions 27 which contribute to the formation of the -3 dB horizontal beam of the radiation pattern of the antenna system. 20.
  • These partitions 26, 27 have a conductive surface covering a light transparent material preferably, such as polycarbonate PC for example, in order to reduce the overall weight of the antenna system 20 .
  • Peripheral reinforcements 28 of small thickness are sufficient to ensure the mechanical rigidity of the antenna system 20 . They are preferably formed by massive metal parts.
  • FIG. 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of the antenna system 20 is shown in Figure figure 3 .
  • the parts of the antenna system having a mechanical function are made from a light transparent material such as polycarbonate PC. When a conductivity function must also be ensured, these parts are covered with a film of indium oxide doped with tin ITO or with a mesh fabric of copper wires.
  • the antenna-panel 21 comprises radiating elements 22 aligned on a reflector 25.
  • the radiating elements 22 are separated from each other by transverse partitions 26 and framed by longitudinal partitions 27 which participate in the formation of the radiation pattern of the system. of antennas 20.
  • the partitions 26, 27 represent a large conductive surface, and they preferably consist of a layer of indium oxide doped with ITO tin deposited on a polycarbonate PC support for example.
  • Peripheral reinforcements 28 ensure the rigidity of the assembly.
  • the radiating elements 22 are protected by a radome 29.
  • An indium oxide deposit doped with ITO tin can cover the peripheral reinforcements 28.
  • the peripheral reinforcements 28 and the radome 29 can also be made in one piece.
  • the cross-polarized radiating element 22 comprises for each polarization two collinear dipoles 22A and 22B.
  • Dipoles 22A and 22B deserve special attention with regard to conductivity, and the use of a copper wire mesh is suitable.
  • the dipoles of each polarization cross at right angles.
  • the radiating element 22 is surmounted by a parasitic element 30.
  • the term parasitic element is understood to mean a conductive element, arranged above a dipole, which is not supplied, directly via the dipole. He is often referred to by the term "director”.
  • the parasitic element 30 is used to increase the width of the frequency band of the radiating element 22.
  • Each polarization of the radiating element 22 is supplied electrically respectively by an individual power supply line 23A or 23B leading to a coupling device 31 ensuring the transfer of energy between the individual power supply lines 23A , 23B and the radiating elements 22 .
  • the supply lines 23A, 23B individual may especially be carried out by depositing copper on a transparent support.
  • the individual feed lines 23A, 23B are grouped into line bundles 32A, 32B respectively for each polarization.
  • a bridging cable, bringing together the strands of coaxial cables, ensures the transport of radiofrequency signals between the panel antenna comprising the radiating elements and the component housing the power supply function.
  • the antenna system comprises a panel antenna 40 fixed on a support 41 such as a wall and comprising a row of radiating elements 42 arranged on a common reflector.
  • the network of single-polarized supply lines is illustrated in this example.
  • Each radiating element 42 has at least one individual feed line 43.
  • the supply lines 43 of the same polarization are grouped together in a bundle of lines 44.
  • the bundle of lines 44 is extended in the form of a multi-strand cable which serves as a bridging cable 45 between the component housing the radiation function.
  • radio frequency comprising the panel antenna 40, and the component housing the power supply function 46.
  • the component housing the power supply function 46 is connected to the base station BTS transmitter / receiver (for "Base Transceiver Station" in English) by at least one short-length coaxial connection cable 47 , most often of the standard 3/8 "or 1 ⁇ 2 'type associated with 7/16 connectors.
  • antenna system comprising radiating elements with dual polarization, at least two cables will be necessary between the base station BTS and the component housing the function of radiofrequency radiation.
  • a polarization tee is a device that allows a single coaxial cable to be used both as a communication medium and as a power cable between the base station BTS and the component housing the power supply function.
  • the component housing the power supply function placed at a distance from the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function, can be placed near the base station BTS. This proximity avoids having to use a polarization T insofar as the control of the control unit ACU, located in the component housing the power supply function 46 , can be performed using several standard cables of low length. The fact of thus placing the component housing the electric power supply function 46 at a distance from the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function has several advantages.
  • This arrangement has the particular advantage of allowing easy access to the component housing the power supply function 46 for maintenance operations.
  • the component housing the power supply function 46 can now be easily replaced. It also becomes possible to exchange it by one of the many types of configuration that can be used, that is to say of the passive, active or mixed type. For example, a customer may request a renovation or exchange of the component housing the power supply function with another type of power supply network comprising a different phase / amplitude distribution between the radiating elements. Or the replacement of a passive component housing the power supply function with an active power supply network.
  • a component housing the radio frequency radiation function from the component housing the power supply function in order to reduce the number of parts referenced because a component housing the radiofrequency radiation function can have several uses depending on the component housing the power supply function associated with it.
  • This arrangement also directly improves the visual integration of the antenna system by simplifying the design of the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function, by reducing the number of parts and materials to be integrated into this component housing the radiofrequency radiation function.
  • the number of coaxial cables 44 used depend on the number of radiating elements 42.
  • Such an antenna system is particularly suitable for use in town centers for which the visual impact / accessibility / performance balance is positive.
  • the figure 5 schematically illustrates in cross section a jumper cable 50 which has a multi-strand configuration.
  • the bridging cable 50 comprises several strands 51 which may correspond to the extensions of the individual supply lines of the radiating elements.
  • the strands 51 are necessary to connect the radiating elements to the component housing the power supply function placed remotely, for example near the base station BTS.
  • each strand 51 of coaxial structure comprises a central conductor having a diameter d of approximately 3.9 mm.
  • the bridging cable 50 supplying eight radiating elements (or groups of radiating elements) here has an outside diameter D of approximately 12.89 mm. This value is of the same order of magnitude as the diameter of a standard coaxial cable (eg 1 ⁇ 2 "type of diameter ⁇ 13.8 mm) usually used for the power supply of panel antennas.
  • the reduction in the total weight of the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function makes it possible to consider the possibility of going so far as to eliminate the peripheral reinforcements, for example by producing in one piece, having a transparent conductive surface (ITO film or conductive fabric), the radome and the reflector.
  • ITO film or conductive fabric transparent conductive surface
  • a lower weight of the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function also allows the installation of the antenna system in locations where the currently known configuration would not allow it: the weight of the antenna system in relation to the force of the wind may be a limiting factor for installation on certain masts, pylons or towers. In such a situation, it is not possible to envisage the exchange of an antenna system installed by a larger or heavier antenna system.
  • the physical separation and distance between the component housing the radio frequency radiation function and the component housing the power supply function introduces an improvement in all aspects of the antenna system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Description

DOMAINEFIELD

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des systèmes d'antennes de télécommunication transmettant des ondes radioélectriques hyperfréquences. Elle concerne plus particulièrement les systèmes d'antennes dits « optiquement quasi-transparents » pour un observateur.The present invention relates to the field of telecommunications antenna systems transmitting microwave radio waves. It relates more particularly to so-called “optically quasi-transparent” antenna systems for an observer.

ARRIERE PLANBACKGROUND

Un système d'antennes est habituellement composé de plusieurs antennes en réseau (« Antenna Array » en anglais). Il peut notamment s'agir d'antennes planaires dite « patch » ou d'alignements de dipôles travaillant dans une bande de fréquence donnée, qui sont destinés plus particulièrement aux applications de la téléphonie cellulaire.An antenna system is usually made up of several antennas in a network (“Antenna Array”). They may in particular be so-called “patch” planar antennas or alignments of dipoles working in a given frequency band, which are intended more particularly for cellular telephone applications.

Actuellement, les systèmes d'antennes de télécommunication comportent notamment des antennes de type « panneau » comprenant des éléments rayonnants en réseau. On entend ici par antenne-panneau, un alignement d'éléments rayonnants fonctionnant dans un domaine de fréquence donné et comportant son propre système d'alimentation. Une antenne-panneau a comme constituants principaux :

  • une face avant qui est conçue pour rayonner les ondes radioélectriques hyperfréquences, et dans ce but elle comprend le plus souvent une pluralité d'éléments rayonnants alignés ;
  • une face arrière qui regroupe tous les dispositifs nécessaires au fonctionnement en réseau, comme notamment des diviseurs, des déphaseurs, des câbles et des lignes d'alimentation qui sont nécessaires à une alimentation convenable de tous les éléments rayonnants autant en phase qu'en amplitude ; et
  • une structure mécanique globale qui comprend notamment un radôme et d'autres moyens permettant d'installer l'antenne-panneau sur le support choisi comme un mât, un pylône, une tour ou un mur par exemple.
Currently, telecommunications antenna systems include in particular “panel” type antennas comprising networked radiating elements. The term “antenna-panel” is understood here to mean an alignment of radiating elements operating in a given frequency domain and comprising its own power supply system. The main components of a panel antenna are:
  • a front face which is designed to radiate microwave radio waves, and for this purpose it usually comprises a plurality of aligned radiating elements;
  • a rear face which groups together all the devices necessary for network operation, such as in particular dividers, phase shifters, cables and supply lines which are necessary for a suitable supply of all the radiating elements both in phase and in amplitude; and
  • an overall mechanical structure which comprises in particular a radome and other means making it possible to install the panel antenna on the support chosen such as a mast, a pylon, a tower or a wall for example.

Les systèmes d'antennes dits « optiquement quasi-transparents » sont au centre de l'intérêt des opérateurs pour leurs qualités visuelles et esthétiques leur permettant une meilleure intégration dans le paysage. On entend par « optiquement quasi-transparent », un dispositif qui laisse passer la lumière visible dans une proportion d'au moins 80%, de telle sorte que l'oeil humain n'identifie pas au premier coup d'œil la présence d'un tel dispositif. Certains systèmes d'antennes de conception quasi-transparente existent déjà qui comprennent un radôme et des éléments rayonnants quasi-transparents. Toutefois les systèmes d'antennes en réseau actuellement installés doivent évoluer vers un impact visuel de plus en plus faible, une taille et un poids moindres, et une amélioration des caractéristiques du système d'alimentation des éléments rayonnants.So-called “optically quasi-transparent” antenna systems are at the center of operators' interest for their visual and aesthetic qualities, allowing them better integration into the landscape. The term “optically quasi-transparent” is understood to mean a device which allows visible light to pass in a proportion of at least 80%, so that the human eye does not identify at first glance the presence of. such a device. Certain antenna systems of quasi-transparent design already exist which include a radome and quasi-transparent radiating elements. However, the currently installed network antenna systems must evolve towards an increasingly low visual impact, a smaller size and weight, and an improvement in the characteristics of the supply system of the radiating elements.

Par exemple, les antennes à inclinaison électrique variable dites VET (pour « Variable Electric Tilt » en anglais) nécessitent un réseau d'alimentation des éléments rayonnants complexe qui comporte de nombreuses pièces et qui est difficile à réaliser dans un objectif de quasi-transparence. En outre, les différents matériaux utilisés pour ces réalisations quasi-transparentes ont souvent des comportements thermiques très différents qui conduisent à une structure mécanique élaborées.For example, the so-called variable electric tilt antennas VET (for “Variable Electric Tilt”) require a complex supply network for the radiating elements which comprises many parts and which is difficult to achieve with the objective of quasi-transparency. In addition, the different materials used for these quasi-transparent embodiments often have very different thermal behaviors which lead to an elaborate mechanical structure.

Les systèmes d'antennes multibandes regroupent habituellement dans une structure mécanique commune plusieurs antennes-panneaux ("Panel Antenna" en anglais) en réseau. Ces systèmes d'antennes comprennent plusieurs rangées d'éléments rayonnants fonctionnant dans des domaines de fréquence différents. Certains systèmes d'antennes multibandes ont par exemple tendance à avoir de grandes dimensions avec une incidence sur la résistance au vent et un poids élevé. Ceci peut entrainer des problèmes potentiels concernant le matériel de montage et d'installation des antennes, mais aussi sur la structure du support (mât, pylône, tour, mur, etc...) et les pièces mécanique assurant l'interface.Multiband antenna systems usually group together in a common mechanical structure several network antennas ("Panel Antenna"). These antenna systems include several rows of radiating elements operating in different frequency domains. Some multiband antenna systems, for example, tend to have large dimensions with an impact on wind resistance and heavy weight. This can lead to potential problems concerning the mounting and installation material of the antennas, but also on the support structure (mast, pylon, tower, wall, etc.) and the mechanical parts providing the interface.

Aujourd'hui les systèmes d'antennes comportant des antennes-panneaux en réseau sont vendus « en l'état », c'est à dire que les fonctionnalités du réseau d'alimentation des éléments rayonnants sont prédéterminées. Si une adaptation est nécessaire dans le cas d'une modification ou d'une mise à jour concernant les caractéristiques ou les performances du réseau d'alimentation, ou si une nouvelle fonctionnalité est requise, l'ensemble des constituants du système d'antennes doit être changé.Today, antenna systems comprising networked panel antennas are sold “as is”, that is to say that the functionalities of the supply network for the radiating elements are predetermined. If an adaptation is necessary in the event of a modification or an update concerning the characteristics or the performances of the supply network, or if a new functionality is required, all the components of the antenna system must be changed.

Le document WO2014006177A1 décrit un système d'antenne dans lequel les lignes d'alimentation individuelles des éléments rayonnants connectées au réseau d'alimentation de l'antenne sont disposées dans des renforts placés le long des bords de l'antenne panneau dans le but de réduire l'impact visuel de sa partie centrale.The document WO2014006177A1 describes an antenna system in which the individual feed lines of the radiating elements connected to the feed network of the antenna are arranged in reinforcements placed along the edges of the panel antenna in order to reduce the impact visual of its central part.

Le document JP H11 122023 A décrit un système d'antennes comportant au moins un composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence comprenant une structure mécanique et des éléments rayonnants, et au moins un composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique des éléments rayonnants.The document JP H11 122023 A describes an antenna system comprising at least one component housing the radiofrequency radiation function comprising a mechanical structure and radiating elements, and at least one component housing the electrical supply function of the radiating elements.

RESUMEABSTRACT

De la part des opérateurs, un besoin s'exprime donc de disposer de systèmes d'antennes en réseau ayant un impact visuel moindre et des fonctionnalités adaptables à l'évolution de la demande des utilisateurs. En particulier ils sont dans l'attente d'un système d'antennes à inclinaison électrique variable VET de très faible impact visuel, de taille et de poids moindres, et ayant un réseau d'alimentation des éléments rayonnants proposant des fonctionnalités aptes à être adaptées et/ou améliorées.On the part of the operators, a need is therefore expressed to have network antenna systems with less visual impact and functionalities that can be adapted to changes in user demand. In particular, they are awaiting a VET variable electrically inclined antenna system of very low visual impact, of smaller size and weight, and having a supply network for the radiating elements offering functionalities capable of being adapted. and / or improved.

L'objet de la présente invention est un système d'antennes selon la revendication 1.The object of the present invention is an antenna system according to claim 1.

Une ou plusieurs des fonctions nécessaires du réseau d'alimentation électrique des éléments rayonnants sont déportées à distance du composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence de l'antenne, permettant ainsi de simplifier, en rendant plus petit et plus léger, le composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence, notamment le châssis mécanique qui doit être installé sur le support (mât, pylône, tour, mur, etc...) requis par le réseau de télécommunication cellulaire. La réalisation de la structure mécanique générale de l'antenne est facilitée car le nombre de pièces et de matériaux différents à utiliser est limité.One or more of the necessary functions of the electrical supply network of the radiating elements are remote from the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function of the antenna, thus making it possible to simplify, by making smaller and lighter, the component housing the function. radiofrequency radiation, in particular the mechanical frame which must be installed on the support (mast, pylon, tower, wall, etc.) required by the cellular telecommunications network. The realization of the general mechanical structure of the antenna is facilitated because the number of different parts and materials to be used is limited.

Cette solution permet de résoudre certains inconvénients de l'art antérieurs en séparant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence de l'antenne de la fonction d'alimentation électrique des éléments rayonnants. Le composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence de l'antenne comprend la structure mécanique de l'antenne, par exemple le châssis incluant notamment un réflecteur et un radôme, et de l'alignement des éléments rayonnants munis de leur ligne d'alimentation individuelle. Le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique des éléments rayonnants comprend notamment des diviseurs, des déphaseurs, des câbles et les lignes d'alimentation individuelles qui sont nécessaires à l'alimentation des éléments rayonnants autant en phase qu'en amplitude.This solution makes it possible to resolve certain drawbacks of the prior art by separating the radiofrequency radiation function of the antenna from the power supply function of the radiating elements. The component housing the radiofrequency radiation function of the antenna comprises the mechanical structure of the antenna, for example the frame including in particular a reflector and a radome, and the alignment of the radiating elements provided with their individual supply line. The component housing the electric power supply function of the radiating elements comprises in particular dividers, phase shifters, cables and the individual supply lines which are necessary to supply the radiating elements as much in phase as in amplitude.

Ainsi pour les antennes optiquement quasi-transparentes, on s'exonère du problème de l'intégration quasi-transparente du réseau d'alimentation des éléments rayonnants. La réalisation d'un composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique quasi-transparent est en effet une tâche difficile car il rassemble de nombreuses lignes d'alimentation et des dispositifs nécessaires (diviseurs, déphaseurs , etc...). Ce composant impose l'utilisation de matériaux avec une excellente conductivité qui n'est pas accessible avec des matériaux transparents ou quasi-transparents comme des oxydes conducteurs transparents, tels que l'oxyde d'indium dopé à l'étain ITO (pour « Indium Tin Oxyde » en anglais), l'oxyde d'étain dopé à l'argent AgHT, le zinc dopé à l'aluminium, etc..., par exemple.Thus, for optically quasi-transparent antennas, the problem of the quasi-transparent integration of the supply network of the radiating elements is avoided. Achieving a component housing the quasi-transparent power supply function is indeed a difficult task because it brings together many supply lines and the necessary devices (dividers, phase shifters, etc.). This component requires the use of materials with excellent conductivity which is not accessible with transparent or quasi-transparent materials such as transparent conductive oxides, such as indium oxide doped with tin ITO (for "Indium Tin Oxide ”in English), tin oxide doped with AgHT silver, zinc doped with aluminum, etc ..., for example.

Après l'installation du composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence, on est ainsi en mesure de pouvoir remplacer totalement ou partiellement le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique déporté, soit pour une adaptation, soit pour l'amélioration des fonctionnalités par exemple.After installation of the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function, it is thus possible to be able to completely or partially replace the component housing the remote power supply function, either for adaptation or for improving the functionalities, for example.

Dans cette solution, seul le composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence est vu par un observateur. En outre le composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence comporte un nombre de pièces limité, ce qui permet de maitriser plus aisément son impact visuel et d'améliorer la quasi-transparence du système d'antennes vu par l'observateur.In this solution, only the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function is seen by an observer. In addition, the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function comprises a limited number of parts, which makes it possible to control its visual impact more easily and to improve the quasi-transparency of the antenna system seen by the observer.

Selon un aspect, la ligne d'alimentation et le brin sont des câbles coaxiaux.In one aspect, the power line and the strand are coaxial cables.

Selon encore un autre aspect, le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique est placé au voisinage d'une station de base.According to yet another aspect, the component housing the power supply function is placed in the vicinity of a base station.

Le système d'antennes a notamment pour avantages

  • une augmentation de la quasi-transparence du système d'antennes,
  • une conception simplifiée du composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence,
  • une plus grande facilité à échanger et/ou rénover la partie du réseau d'alimentation contenue dans le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique des éléments rayonnants,
  • la possibilité d'installer le système d'antennes dans des emplacements où la taille et le poids des systèmes d'antenne connus ne le permettrait pas,
  • la possibilité de s'affranchir de l'utilisation d'un T de polarisation (« bias-tee » en anglais) en plaçant le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique des éléments rayonnants à proximité de la station de base.
One of the advantages of the antenna system is
  • an increase in the quasi-transparency of the antenna system,
  • a simplified design of the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function,
  • greater ease of exchanging and / or renovating the part of the power supply network contained in the component housing the power supply function of the radiating elements,
  • the possibility of installing the antenna system in locations where the size and weight of known antenna systems would not allow it,
  • the possibility of dispensing with the use of a bias-tee by placing the component housing the power supply function of the radiating elements close to the base station.

Rappelons qu'un T de polarisation est un dispositif à trois ports qui a pour fonction de permettre de faire transiter en même temps par un seul câble coaxial un signal radiofréquence et un courant électrique continu, et aussi un signal de communication digital. Ce dispositif permet ainsi de connecter des appareils situés à une certaine distance d'une station de base BTS (pour « Base Station » en anglais) en ayant recours à un nombre moindre de câbles. Les T de polarisation sont habituellement utilisés pour alimenter des unités de commande électro-mécaniques telles que des RET (pour « Remote Electrical Tilt » en anglais) et des ACU (pour « Antenna Control Unit » en anglais). Lorsque ces unités de commande se trouvent au voisinage des BTS, on peut utiliser un nombre de câbles plus important et de moindre longueur.Remember that a polarization T is a three-port device whose function is to allow a radiofrequency signal and a direct electric current to pass at the same time through a single coaxial cable, as well as a digital communication signal. This device thus makes it possible to connect devices located at a certain distance from a base station BTS (for "Base Station" in English) by using a smaller number of cables. Polarization T's are usually used to power electro-mechanical control units such as RETs (for “Remote Electrical Tilt”) and ACUs (for “Antenna Control Unit”). When these control units are located in the vicinity of the BTS, a larger number of cables of shorter length can be used.

Cette solution est particulièrement avantageuse pour des systèmes d'antenne complexes, lourds et de grande taille, comme les systèmes comprenant des antennes multibandes.This solution is particularly advantageous for complex, heavy and large antenna systems, such as systems comprising multiband antennas.

BREVE DESCRIPTIONBRIEF DESCRIPTION

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un mode de réalisation, donné bien entendu à titre illustratif et non limitatif, et dans le dessin annexé sur lequel

  • les figures 1a et 1b 1 illustrent la vue qu'a un observateur d'un système d'antennes 1 selon l'art antérieur et d'un système d'antennes 10 quasi-transparent selon l'invention respectivement,
  • la figure 2 illustre schématiquement une vue en perspective d'une antenne-panneau comprenant une rangée d'éléments rayonnants à polarisation croisée,
  • la figure 3 illustre en coupe schématique transversale l'antenne-panneau de la figure 2,
  • la figure 4 illustre schématiquement un mode de réalisation d'un système d'antennes,
  • la figure 5 illustre en coupe schématique transversale un câble du réseau d'alimentation des éléments rayonnants.
Other characteristics and advantages will become apparent on reading the following description of an embodiment, given of course by way of illustration and not limiting, and in the appended drawing in which
  • the figures 1a and 1b 1 illustrate the view that an observer has of an antenna system 1 according to the prior art and of a quasi-transparent antenna system 10 according to the invention respectively,
  • the figure 2 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a panel antenna comprising a row of cross-polarized radiating elements,
  • the figure 3 shows a schematic cross section of the panel antenna of the figure 2 ,
  • the figure 4 schematically illustrates an embodiment of an antenna system,
  • the figure 5 illustrates in schematic cross section a cable of the supply network of the radiating elements.

La terminologie directionnelle comme « gauche », « droite », « haut », « bas », « avant », « arrière », « vertical », horizontal », etc... est utilisée en référence à l'orientation des figures ici décrites. Parce que les éléments composant les modes de réalisation de la présente invention peuvent être placés dans des orientations différentes, la terminologie directionnelle n'est utilisée ici qu'à des fins d'illustration et n'est nullement limitative.Directional terminology like “left”, “right”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “vertical”, horizontal ”, etc ... is used with reference to the orientation of the figures here described. Because the elements comprising the embodiments of the present invention can be placed in different orientations, the directional terminology is used here only for purposes of illustration and is not limiting.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEEDETAILED DESCRIPTION

Les figures 1a et 1b illustre respectivement un système d'antennes 1 selon l'art antérieur et un système d'antennes 10 quasi-transparent selon l'invention qui sont placés sur une paroi 2, telle qu'un mur de bâtiment par exemple. Ici ils sont représentés tels que le perçoit un observateur qui leur fait face.The figures 1a and 1b respectively illustrates an antenna system 1 according to the prior art and a quasi-transparent antenna system 10 according to the invention which are placed on a wall 2 , such as a building wall for example. Here they are represented as perceived by an observer facing them.

Dans le système d'antennes 1 de l'art antérieur (figure 1a), les lignes d'alimentation individuelles des éléments rayonnants connectées au réseau d'alimentation de l'antenne sont disposées dans des renforts placés le long des bords de l'antenne panneau dans le but de réduire l'impact visuel de sa partie centrale. Cependant l'épaisseur des renforts périphériques 3 de l'antenne est un obstacle vis-à-vis de l'objectif de réaliser un système d'antennes optiquement quasi-transparent.In the antenna system 1 of the prior art ( figure 1a ), the individual feed lines of the radiating elements connected to the feed network of the antenna are arranged in reinforcements placed along the edges of the panel antenna in order to reduce the visual impact of its central part. However, the thickness of the peripheral reinforcements 3 of the antenna is an obstacle vis-à-vis the objective of producing an optically quasi-transparent antenna system.

Dans le système d'antennes 10 de la figure 1b, le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique des éléments rayonnants est placé sur la face opposée de la paroi. Il est relié aux éléments rayonnants du composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence par l'intermédiaire de câbles de pontage 11 (« jumper cable » en anglais), un par polarisation, prolongeant les lignes d'alimentation individuelles des éléments rayonnants. Les lignes d'alimentation individuelles peuvent être des câbles coaxiaux ou bien des lignes microrubans (« microstrip » en anglais) ou triplaques (« stripline » en anglais). Dans ce système d'antennes 10, le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique des éléments rayonnants étant déporté, les renforts périphériques 12 de l'antenne n'ont plus à abriter ce composant. Ils peuvent donc être sensiblement plus fins et/ou composé d'un matériau ayant une apparence proche de celle du support, et ainsi moins visibles pour l'observateur que dans le cas du système d'antennes 1 de l'art antérieur (fig.la).In the antenna system 10 of the figure 1b , the component housing the electric power supply function of the radiating elements is placed on the opposite face of the wall. It is connected to the radiating elements of the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function by means of jumper cables 11 , one by polarization, extending the individual supply lines of the radiating elements. The individual supply lines can be coaxial cables or microstrip lines (“microstrip” in English) or triplates (“stripline” in English). In this antenna system 10 , the component housing the power supply function of the radiating elements being offset, the peripheral reinforcements 12 of the antenna no longer have to house this component. They can therefore be appreciably thinner and / or composed of a material having an appearance close to that of the support, and thus less visible to the observer than in the case of the antenna system 1 of the prior art (fig. the).

Dans ce mode de réalisation, un système d'antennes 10 directionnelles à polarisation croisée comporte un réflecteur sensiblement plan et rectangulaire plan et un réseau d'éléments rayonnants portés par ce réflecteur. Chaque élément rayonnant comporte au moins deux premiers conducteurs montés tête-bêche, alimentés par une première source extérieure d'énergie et formant un premier dipôle, et deux deuxièmes conducteurs montés de manière analogue aux premiers conducteurs, alimentés par une deuxième source extérieure d'énergie et formant un deuxième dipôle. Un dipôle est défini par deux conducteurs droits, qui sont montés sur deux supports pour leur fixation au réflecteur et sont reliés aux bornes (+) et (-) d'une source d'alimentation. Les éléments rayonnants en réseau sont alignés selon l'axe longitudinal du réflecteur.In this embodiment, a cross-polarized directional antenna system 10 comprises a substantially planar and rectangular planar reflector and an array of radiating elements carried by this reflector. Each radiating element comprises at least two first conductors mounted head to tail, supplied by a first external source of energy and forming a first dipole, and two second conductors mounted in a similar manner to the first conductors, supplied by a second external source of energy. and forming a second dipole. A dipole is defined by two straight conductors, which are mounted on two brackets for their attachment to the reflector and are connected to the (+) and (-) terminals of a power source. The arrayed radiating elements are aligned along the longitudinal axis of the reflector.

On considérera maintenant la figure 2 qui illustre un mode de réalisation d'un système d'antennes 20 à inclinaison électrique variable VET qui comporte au moins une antenne-panneau 21 comprenant une rangée d'éléments rayonnants 22 à polarisation croisée (+45° et -45°) en réseau phasé. L'antenne-panneau 21 comporte un réseau de lignes d'alimentation 23A, 23B, chacune de ces lignes étant destinée à l'alimentation d'un ou plusieurs éléments rayonnants 22. Les lignes d'alimentation 23A, 23B sont regroupées en faisceaux de lignes pour chaque polarisation et connectées aux câbles de pontage, soit par leur prolongement sous forme de brins, soit par l'intermédiaire de connecteurs.We will now consider the figure 2 which illustrates an embodiment of an antenna system 20 with variable electric inclination VET which comprises at least one antenna-panel 21 comprising a row of radiating elements 22 with crossed polarization (+ 45 ° and -45 °) in an array phase. The panel antenna 21 comprises a network of supply lines 23A , 23B , each of these lines being intended for the supply of one or more radiating elements 22 . The supply lines 23A , 23B are grouped together in bundles of lines for each polarization and connected to the bridging cables, either by their extension in the form of strands, or by means of connectors.

Les éléments rayonnants 22 de l'antenne-panneau 21 sont disposés sur un réflecteur 25 commun en matériau conducteur quasi-transparent, comme l'oxyde d'indium dopé à l'étain ITO ou une toile composée de fils conducteur minces, par exemple des fils de cuivre avec une taille de maille inférieure ou égale à λ/10. Les éléments rayonnants 22 alignés sont séparés par des cloisons transversales 26 qui améliorent notamment l'isolation entre les éléments rayonnants 22 et encadrés par des cloisons longitudinales 27 qui contribuent à la formation du faisceau horizontal -3 dB du diagramme de rayonnement du système d'antennes 20. Ces cloisons 26, 27 ont une surface conductrice recouvrant un matériau transparent léger de préférence, comme du polycarbonate PC par exemple, afin de réduire le poids global du système d'antennes 20. Des renforts périphériques 28 de faible épaisseur suffisent à assurer la rigidité mécanique du système d'antennes 20. Ils sont de préférence formés par des pièces métalliques massives.The radiating elements 22 of the panel antenna 21 are arranged on a common reflector 25 made of a quasi-transparent conductive material, such as indium oxide doped with tin ITO or a fabric composed of thin conductive wires, for example copper wires with a mesh size less than or equal to λ / 10. The aligned radiating elements 22 are separated by transverse partitions 26 which notably improve the insulation between the radiating elements 22 and framed by longitudinal partitions 27 which contribute to the formation of the -3 dB horizontal beam of the radiation pattern of the antenna system. 20. These partitions 26, 27 have a conductive surface covering a light transparent material preferably, such as polycarbonate PC for example, in order to reduce the overall weight of the antenna system 20 . Peripheral reinforcements 28 of small thickness are sufficient to ensure the mechanical rigidity of the antenna system 20 . They are preferably formed by massive metal parts.

Une vue en coupe transversale schématique du système d'antenne 20 est illustrée sur la figure 3. Les pièces du système d'antennes ayant une fonction mécanique sont fabriquées à partir d'un matériau transparent léger comme du polycarbonate PC. Lorsqu'une fonction de conductivité doit être également assurée, ces pièces sont recouvertes d'un film d'oxyde d'indium dopé à l'étain ITO ou d'une toile maillée de fils de cuivre.A schematic cross-sectional view of the antenna system 20 is shown in Figure figure 3 . The parts of the antenna system having a mechanical function are made from a light transparent material such as polycarbonate PC. When a conductivity function must also be ensured, these parts are covered with a film of indium oxide doped with tin ITO or with a mesh fabric of copper wires.

L'antenne-panneau 21 comporte des éléments rayonnants 22 alignés sur un réflecteur 25. Les éléments rayonnants 22 sont séparés les uns des autres par des cloisons transversales 26 et encadrés par des cloisons longitudinales 27 qui participent à la formation du diagramme de rayonnement du système d'antennes 20. Les cloisons 26, 27 représentent une surface conductrice importante, et elles sont de préférence constituées d'une couche d'oxyde d'indium dopé à l'étain ITO déposée sur un support en polycarbonate PC par exemple.The antenna-panel 21 comprises radiating elements 22 aligned on a reflector 25. The radiating elements 22 are separated from each other by transverse partitions 26 and framed by longitudinal partitions 27 which participate in the formation of the radiation pattern of the system. of antennas 20. The partitions 26, 27 represent a large conductive surface, and they preferably consist of a layer of indium oxide doped with ITO tin deposited on a polycarbonate PC support for example.

Des renforts périphériques 28 assurent la rigidité de l'ensemble. Les éléments rayonnants 22 sont protégés par un radôme 29. Un dépôt d'oxyde d'indium dopé à l'étain ITO peut recouvrir les renforts périphériques 28. Toutefois, il n'est pas nécessaire que le radôme comporte des pièces métalliques. Les renforts périphériques 28 et le radôme 29 peuvent aussi être réalisés en une seule pièce.Peripheral reinforcements 28 ensure the rigidity of the assembly. The radiating elements 22 are protected by a radome 29. An indium oxide deposit doped with ITO tin can cover the peripheral reinforcements 28. However, it is not necessary for the radome to include metal parts. The peripheral reinforcements 28 and the radome 29 can also be made in one piece.

L'élément rayonnant 22 à polarisation croisée comporte pour chaque polarisation deux dipôles colinéaires 22A et 22B. Les dipôles 22A et 22B méritent une attention particulière en ce qui concerne la conductivité, et l'utilisation d'une toile de fils de cuivre est appropriée. Les dipôles de chaque polarisation se croisent à angle droit. L'élément rayonnant 22 est surmonté d'un élément parasite 30. On entend par élément parasite un élément conducteur, disposé au dessus d'un dipôle, qui n'est pas alimenté, directement par l'intermédiaire du dipôle. Il est souvent désigné par le terme « directeur ». L'élément parasite 30 est utilisé pour augmenter la largeur de la bande de fréquence de l'élément rayonnant 22. The cross-polarized radiating element 22 comprises for each polarization two collinear dipoles 22A and 22B. Dipoles 22A and 22B deserve special attention with regard to conductivity, and the use of a copper wire mesh is suitable. The dipoles of each polarization cross at right angles. The radiating element 22 is surmounted by a parasitic element 30. The term parasitic element is understood to mean a conductive element, arranged above a dipole, which is not supplied, directly via the dipole. He is often referred to by the term "director". The parasitic element 30 is used to increase the width of the frequency band of the radiating element 22.

Chaque polarisation de l'élément rayonnant 22 est alimentée électriquement respectivement par une ligne d'alimentation 23A ou 23B individuelle aboutissant à un dispositif de couplage 31 assurant le transfert d'énergie entre les lignes d'alimentation 23A, 23B individuelles et les éléments rayonnants 22. Les lignes d'alimentation 23A, 23B individuelles peuvent notamment être réalisées par un dépôt de cuivre sur un support transparent. Les lignes d'alimentation 23A, 23B individuelles sont regroupées en faisceaux de lignes 32A, 32B respectivement pour chaque polarisation. Un câble de pontage, rassemblant les torons de câbles coaxiaux, assure le transport des signaux radiofréquence entre l'antenne-panneau comprenant les éléments rayonnants et le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique.Each polarization of the radiating element 22 is supplied electrically respectively by an individual power supply line 23A or 23B leading to a coupling device 31 ensuring the transfer of energy between the individual power supply lines 23A , 23B and the radiating elements 22 . The supply lines 23A, 23B individual may especially be carried out by depositing copper on a transparent support. The individual feed lines 23A, 23B are grouped into line bundles 32A, 32B respectively for each polarization. A bridging cable, bringing together the strands of coaxial cables, ensures the transport of radiofrequency signals between the panel antenna comprising the radiating elements and the component housing the power supply function.

Dans le mode de réalisation schématiquement illustré sur la figure 4, le système d'antennes comprend une antenne-panneau 40 fixée sur un support 41 tel qu'un mur et comportant une rangée d'éléments rayonnants 42 disposés sur un réflecteur commun. Le réseau des lignes d'alimentation d'une seule polarisation est illustré dans le présent exemple. Chaque élément rayonnant 42 possède au moins une ligne d'alimentation 43 individuelle. Les lignes d'alimentation 43 d'une même polarisation sont regroupées en un faisceau de lignes 44. Le faisceau de lignes 44 se prolonge sous la forme d'un câble multibrins qui sert de câble de pontage 45 entre le composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence, comprenant l'antenne-panneau 40, et le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique 46. Il est aussi possible d'intercaler un connecteur radiofréquence multibrin à la sortie de l'antenne-panneau 40 pour connecter le faisceau de lignes 44 au câble de pontage 45, afin de permettre une plus grande flexibilité dans les caractéristiques des câbles mis en œuvre. Le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique 46 est relié à la station de base émettrice/réceptrice BTS (pour « Base Transceiver Station » en anglais) par au moins un câble de liaison 47 coaxial de faible longueur, le plus souvent de type standard 3/8" ou ½' associé à des connecteurs 7/16. Pour un système d'antennes comportant des éléments rayonnants à double polarisation, au moins deux câbles seront nécessaires entre la station de base BTS et le composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence.In the embodiment schematically illustrated in figure 4 , the antenna system comprises a panel antenna 40 fixed on a support 41 such as a wall and comprising a row of radiating elements 42 arranged on a common reflector. The network of single-polarized supply lines is illustrated in this example. Each radiating element 42 has at least one individual feed line 43. The supply lines 43 of the same polarization are grouped together in a bundle of lines 44. The bundle of lines 44 is extended in the form of a multi-strand cable which serves as a bridging cable 45 between the component housing the radiation function. radio frequency, comprising the panel antenna 40, and the component housing the power supply function 46. It is also possible to insert a multi-strand radio frequency connector at the output of the panel antenna 40 to connect the line bundle 44 to the bridging cable 45, in order to allow greater flexibility in the characteristics of the cables used. The component housing the power supply function 46 is connected to the base station BTS transmitter / receiver (for "Base Transceiver Station" in English) by at least one short-length coaxial connection cable 47 , most often of the standard 3/8 "or ½ 'type associated with 7/16 connectors. antenna system comprising radiating elements with dual polarization, at least two cables will be necessary between the base station BTS and the component housing the function of radiofrequency radiation.

Un T de polarisation est un dispositif qui permet d'utiliser un seul câble coaxial à la fois comme support de communication et comme câble d'alimentation entre la station de base BTS et le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique. Dans la solution proposée, le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique, placé à distance du composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence, peut être disposé à proximité de la station de base BTS. Cette proximité évite de devoir utiliser un T de polarisation dans la mesure où le pilotage de l'unité de commande ACU, située dans le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique 46, peut être effectuée à l'aide de plusieurs câbles standards de faible longueur. Le fait de placer ainsi le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique 46 à distance du composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence présente plusieurs avantages.A polarization tee is a device that allows a single coaxial cable to be used both as a communication medium and as a power cable between the base station BTS and the component housing the power supply function. In the proposed solution, the component housing the power supply function, placed at a distance from the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function, can be placed near the base station BTS. This proximity avoids having to use a polarization T insofar as the control of the control unit ACU, located in the component housing the power supply function 46 , can be performed using several standard cables of low length. The fact of thus placing the component housing the electric power supply function 46 at a distance from the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function has several advantages.

Cette disposition présente notamment l'avantage d'autoriser un accès aisé au composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique 46 pour les opérations de maintenance. Le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique 46 peut désormais être facilement remplacé. Il devient également possible de l'échanger par l'un des nombreux types de configuration utilisables, c'est à dire de type passif, actif ou mixte. Par exemple, un client peut demander une rénovation ou un échange du composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique par un autre type de réseau d'alimentation comportant une distribution différente en phase/amplitude entre les éléments rayonnants. Ou bien le remplacement d'un composant passif abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique par un réseau d'alimentation actif. Du point de vue de la production et de la distribution de tels produits, il est avantageux de séparer le composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence du composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique afin de réduire le nombre de pièces référencées car un composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence peut avoir plusieurs usages selon le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique qui lui est associé.This arrangement has the particular advantage of allowing easy access to the component housing the power supply function 46 for maintenance operations. The component housing the power supply function 46 can now be easily replaced. It also becomes possible to exchange it by one of the many types of configuration that can be used, that is to say of the passive, active or mixed type. For example, a customer may request a renovation or exchange of the component housing the power supply function with another type of power supply network comprising a different phase / amplitude distribution between the radiating elements. Or the replacement of a passive component housing the power supply function with an active power supply network. From the point of view of the production and distribution of such products, it is advantageous to separate the component housing the radio frequency radiation function from the component housing the power supply function in order to reduce the number of parts referenced because a component housing the radiofrequency radiation function can have several uses depending on the component housing the power supply function associated with it.

Cette disposition améliore aussi directement l'intégration visuelle du système d'antennes en simplifiant la conception du composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence, en réduisant le nombre de pièces et de matériaux à intégrer dans ce composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence. Le nombre des câbles coaxiaux 44 utilisés dépendent du nombre d'éléments rayonnants 42. La section des torons composant les câbles de pontage 45, et donc l'impact visuel résultant, en seront affectés. Afin de limiter ces effets, on peut réduire le diamètre des câbles coaxiaux et/ou de ne plus alimenter les éléments rayonnants 42 de manière individuelle mais par paire ou groupe de plusieurs éléments rayonnants en y associant des diviseurs de puissance. Un tel système d'antennes est particulièrement adapté à une utilisation en centre-ville pour laquelle le bilan impact visuel/accessibilité/performances est positif.This arrangement also directly improves the visual integration of the antenna system by simplifying the design of the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function, by reducing the number of parts and materials to be integrated into this component housing the radiofrequency radiation function. The number of coaxial cables 44 used depend on the number of radiating elements 42. The section of the strands making up the bridging cables 45, and therefore the resulting visual impact, will be affected. In order to limit these effects, it is possible to reduce the diameter of the coaxial cables and / or to no longer supply the radiating elements 42 individually but in pairs or groups of several radiating elements by associating power dividers therewith. Such an antenna system is particularly suitable for use in town centers for which the visual impact / accessibility / performance balance is positive.

La figure 5 illustre schématiquement en coupe transversale un câble de pontage 50 qui possède une configuration multibrin. Le câble de pontage 50 comporte plusieurs brins 51 qui peuvent correspondre aux prolongements des lignes d'alimentation individuelle des éléments rayonnants. Les brins 51 sont nécessaires pour relier les éléments rayonnants au composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique placé à distance, par exemple à proximité de la station de base BTS. A titre d'exemple, dans le cas d'un câble coaxial de référence RG402 selon la norme NF C 93-550, chaque brin 51 de structure coaxiale comporte un conducteur central ayant un diamètre d d'environ 3,9 mm. Le câble de pontage 50 alimentant huit éléments rayonnants (ou groupes d'éléments rayonnants) a ici un diamètre extérieur D d'environ 12,89 mm. Cette valeur est du même ordre de grandeur que le diamètre d'un câble coaxial standard (e.g. type ½"de diamètre ∼ 13,8 mm) habituellement utilisé pour l'alimentation électrique des antennes-panneaux.The figure 5 schematically illustrates in cross section a jumper cable 50 which has a multi-strand configuration. The bridging cable 50 comprises several strands 51 which may correspond to the extensions of the individual supply lines of the radiating elements. The strands 51 are necessary to connect the radiating elements to the component housing the power supply function placed remotely, for example near the base station BTS. By way of example, in the case of a coaxial cable of reference RG402 according to standard NF C 93-550, each strand 51 of coaxial structure comprises a central conductor having a diameter d of approximately 3.9 mm. The bridging cable 50 supplying eight radiating elements (or groups of radiating elements) here has an outside diameter D of approximately 12.89 mm. This value is of the same order of magnitude as the diameter of a standard coaxial cable (eg ½ "type of diameter ∼ 13.8 mm) usually used for the power supply of panel antennas.

Le système d'antennes qui vient d'être décrit permet donc de

  • simplifier la conception et l'assemblage en réduisant le nombre de pièces et de matériau utilisé,
  • réduire le coût de réalisation du système d'antennes par l'utilisation de pièces plus petites et moins chères,
  • réduire le poids et le volume total du composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence.
The antenna system which has just been described therefore makes it possible to
  • simplify design and assembly by reducing the number of parts and materials used,
  • reduce the cost of building the antenna system by using smaller and cheaper parts,
  • reduce the total weight and volume of the component housing the radio frequency radiation function.

La réduction du poids total du composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence permet d'envisager la possibilité d'aller jusqu'à supprimer les renforts périphériques, par exemple en réalisant d'une seule pièce, ayant une surface conductrice transparente (film d'ITO ou toile conductrice), le radôme et le réflecteur.The reduction in the total weight of the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function makes it possible to consider the possibility of going so far as to eliminate the peripheral reinforcements, for example by producing in one piece, having a transparent conductive surface (ITO film or conductive fabric), the radome and the reflector.

Un moindre poids du composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence autorise aussi l'installation du système d'antennes dans des emplacements où la configuration actuellement connue ne le permettrait pas : le poids du système d'antennes par rapport à la force du vent peut être un facteur limitant pour l'installation sur certains mâts, pylônes ou tours. Dans une telle situation, il n'est pas possible d'envisager l'échange d'un système d'antennes installé par un système d'antennes plus volumineux ou plus lourd. La séparation physique et l'éloignement entre le composant abritant la fonction de rayonnement radiofréquence et le composant abritant la fonction d'alimentation électrique introduit une amélioration de l'ensemble des aspects du système d'antenne.A lower weight of the component housing the radiofrequency radiation function also allows the installation of the antenna system in locations where the currently known configuration would not allow it: the weight of the antenna system in relation to the force of the wind may be a limiting factor for installation on certain masts, pylons or towers. In such a situation, it is not possible to envisage the exchange of an antenna system installed by a larger or heavier antenna system. The physical separation and distance between the component housing the radio frequency radiation function and the component housing the power supply function introduces an improvement in all aspects of the antenna system.

Bien entendu, la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits, mais elle est susceptible de nombreuses variantes accessibles à l'homme de l'art sans que l'on s'écarte de l'invention. Cette solution a été décrite pour un système d'antenne comprenant une antenne-panneau monobande à inclinaison électrique variable VET comportant des éléments rayonnants à double polarisation croisée +45°/-45°. Néanmoins il est clair pour l'homme du métier que cette solution est applicable à un système d'antennes comportant tout autre type d'antenne, notamment une antenne multibande, une antenne à éléments rayonnants de type « patch », une antenne intégrant des systèmes passifs et actifs, etc...Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but it is susceptible of numerous variants accessible to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. This solution has been described for an antenna system comprising a single-band panel antenna with variable electrical inclination VET comprising radiating elements with double cross-polarization + 45 ° / -45 °. However, it is clear to those skilled in the art that this solution is applicable to an antenna system comprising any other type of antenna, in particular a multiband antenna, an antenna with radiating elements of the “patch” type, an antenna integrating systems. liabilities and assets, etc ...

Claims (3)

  1. An antenna system including:
    - at least one component accommodating the radiofrequency radiation function comprising a mechanical structure configured to be installed on a support and aligned radiating elements (22) provided with at least one individual supply line (23A, 23B), and
    - at least one component accommodating the power supply function of the radiating elements,
    wherein
    the component accommodating the radiofrequency radiation function and the component accommodating the power supply function are electrically connected by at least one multistrand jumper cable, each strand being connected to an individual supply line (23A, 23B),
    the component accommodating the radiofrequency radiation function and the component accommodating the power supply function are physically separate and remote, and
    the component accommodating the radiofrequency radiation function is of the optically quasi-transparent type and configured so as to pass visible light in a proportion of at least 80%;
    said antenna system being characterized in that
    the component accommodating the radiofrequency radiation function further comprises transverse and longitudinal partitions (26, 27) having a conductive surface consisting of a transparent conductive oxide deposited on a support made of transparent material, the aligned radiating elements (22) being separated from each other by the transverse partitions (26) and framed by the longitudinal partitions (27) participating in the formation of the radiation pattern of the antenna system.
  2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the supply line and the strand are coaxial cables.
  3. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the component accommodating the power supply function is placed in the vicinity of a base station.
EP14306461.6A 2014-09-23 2014-09-23 Optically quasi-transparent antenna system Active EP3001499B1 (en)

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CN115360519B (en) * 2022-07-29 2024-02-06 西安电子科技大学 High-light-transmittance reflective array antenna based on micro-metal wire structure

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JPH11122023A (en) * 1997-10-16 1999-04-30 Ntt Kansai Personal Tsushinmo Kk Window glass antenna
US6933891B2 (en) * 2002-01-29 2005-08-23 Calamp Corp. High-efficiency transparent microwave antennas
FR2984613B1 (en) * 2011-12-20 2015-05-15 Bouygues Telecom Sa OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT PRINTED ANTENNA AND OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT ANTENNA NETWORK
FR2993102B1 (en) * 2012-07-06 2014-08-08 Bouygues Telecom Sa OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT ANTENNA SYSTEM WITH INTERCHANGEABLE RADIANT STRUCTURE

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