EP2994714A1 - Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique amélioré - Google Patents
Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique amélioréInfo
- Publication number
- EP2994714A1 EP2994714A1 EP14722651.8A EP14722651A EP2994714A1 EP 2994714 A1 EP2994714 A1 EP 2994714A1 EP 14722651 A EP14722651 A EP 14722651A EP 2994714 A1 EP2994714 A1 EP 2994714A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal plate
- pyrotechnic
- laser
- laser radiation
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- YSIBQULRFXITSW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-2-[(e)-2-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)ethenyl]benzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1\C=C\C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O YSIBQULRFXITSW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000026 Pentaerythritol tetranitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004321 pentaerithrityl tetranitrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005747 fulminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002316 fumigant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004905 tetrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 tracers Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/113—Initiators therefor activated by optical means, e.g. laser, flashlight
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of pyrotechnic initiators, whose initiation (or initiation) is triggered by a light energy. These initiators are also known as opto-pyrotechnic initiators.
- the invention finds application in all the fields where the pyrotechnic initiators are used, in particular in the spatial and aeronautical fields as actuators, in safety equipment (valves, cutters, etc.), etc.
- the pyrotechnic initiators comprise, in a cavity, a pyrotechnic charge, which is in intimate contact with a means of ignition of this charge.
- the pyrotechnic charge may be, optionally, an explosive composition or a pyrotechnic composition.
- the initiator is usually called detonator; in the second case, the initiator is generally called igniter.
- the ignition means is a heating resistor consisting of an element (wire or layer) of electrically conductive material, connected to an electric generator. When a current flows through it, the element heats up by the Joule effect and this heat is transmitted by thermal conduction to the pyrotechnic chain which is in contact with the element.
- electrical pyrotechnic initiator one can for example cite the document [1].
- the initiation of the pyrotechnic charge is not done electrically, but optically, making the opto-pyrotechnic initiators insensitive to electromagnetic disturbances.
- the opto-pyrotechnic initiators comprise a pyrotechnic charge disposed in a cavity, a source of laser radiation and an optical fiber for guiding the laser radiation from the source to the load.
- the solution proposed in document [2] consists in doping optically a pyrotechnic charge by introducing a powder of a metallic material, thus making the modified charge able to absorb the laser radiation and to heat up to reach its critical temperature. ignition.
- the invention therefore aims to at least partially overcome the disadvantages mentioned above, relating to the achievements of the prior art.
- the subject of the invention is an optical initiator of a pyrotechnic charge, comprising:
- a body having a cavity, in which the pyrotechnic charge is located, and a means for igniting this charge by absorption of a laser radiation, said ignition means being placed in contact with the charge;
- an optical fiber for guiding laser radiation from the source to the ignition means
- the ignition means is a metal plate, the metal plate and the laser radiation source being adapted so that laser radiation from the laser radiation source is absorbed by the metal plate and converted into thermal energy. , so that the thermal conduction of this thermal energy from the metal plate to the pyrotechnic charge causes the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge.
- the metal plate will absorb the laser radiation, convert the light energy of this absorbed radiation into thermal energy, and communicate this thermal energy to the pyrotechnic charge by thermal conduction.
- the light energy of a laser is used which is deposited in the metal plate which is made of an absorbent material at the wavelength of the laser, which causes a very fast rise to high temperature of the metal plate which, being in contact with the pyrotechnic charge, causes the ignition of the charge.
- the opto-pyrotechnic initiator object of the invention is particularly advantageous in that it combines the advantages of electrical initiators and initiators optical prior art, without their disadvantages, namely that the initiator according to the invention is insensitive to electromagnetic variations, as well as thermal variations.
- the ignition means of the pyrotechnic charge namely the metal plate absorbing laser radiation, is pyrotechnically inert.
- the pyrotechnic charge which, unlike the prior art, does not need to be optically doped, it is little or not sensitive to laser radiation. It is therefore possible to use the same pyrotechnic charges as those commonly used in electrical initiators.
- the metal plate as a means of igniting the pyrotechnic charge gives a narrow selectivity to the radiation capable of initiating the initiator, since it absorbs only the laser radiation, and specifically only in the wavelength ranges absorbable by the metal or metal alloy constituting the metal plate. The safety of the initiator is thus improved.
- the initiator according to the invention can either initiate an explosive, or initiate a powder or a propellant, or finally initiate a pyrotechnic charge (smoke, etc.).
- the pyrotechnic charge may be a pyrotechnic composition (the opto-pyrotechnic initiator object of the invention then forming an igniter) or an explosive composition (the initiator then being a detonator).
- the pyrotechnic compositions may for example be chosen from illuminating compositions, tracers, fumigants, etc.
- the explosive compositions may be, for example, primary explosives such as azides, fulminates, tetrazines, etc., secondary explosives such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), hexanitrostilbene (HNS), etc.
- primary explosives such as azides, fulminates, tetrazines, etc.
- secondary explosives such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), hexanitrostilbene (HNS), etc.
- the metal plate has a plurality of perforations.
- the perforations are arranged periodically, to define, in the metal plate, a plurality of identical elements interconnected by bridges. The objective of this periodic perforation is to reduce the size of the metal plate (target) that the laser must heat by isolating elements (sub-targets) between which the thermal conduction is minimized by bridges whose role is to ensure the structuring and cohesion of all the sub-targets into a single entity.
- the interest of the sub-targets is to reduce the metal mass to be heated and, consequently, to reduce the heating time and therefore increase the ignition dynamics of the pyrotechnic charge.
- the periodic perforation further has the advantage that any misalignment of the focal spot of the laser beam on the metal plate does not significantly affect the heat transfer. .
- the bridges reduce the thermal conduction between the elements (sub-targets).
- the bridges have a width that is significantly smaller than the largest dimension of the perforations.
- the perforations are located at the vertices of contiguous hexagons, preferably arranged so as to form a honeycomb pattern.
- a honeycomb pattern is that this particular geometry makes it possible to optimize the size of the sub-targets and therefore to optimize the overall efficiency of the target.
- the metal plate is the means for igniting the pyrotechnic charge by absorption of the laser radiation, it is obvious that the metal or the metal alloy forming the plate must be absorbing at the wavelength of the laser.
- the metal plate is made of a metal chosen from platinum, gold, tungsten or an alloy of at least two of these metals. More generally, one will choose heavy metals for which the specific heat and the density have a benefit for warming of the target and for which the absorptivity of the radiations is more favorable than for the other metals, in particular in the UV. This is why it is preferred to avoid using iron and aluminum because they do not have good absorptivity characteristics.
- the optical initiator further comprises a focusing optics of the laser radiation, which is interposed between a first end of the optical fiber and the ignition means, the other end of the optical fiber being connected to the radiation source.
- this focusing optics being selected from a spherical lens and a cylindrical lens (bar).
- the plate has a thickness of between 0.02 mm and 0.1 mm, the fineness of the plate to reduce the mass of metal to be heated and thus to obtain a faster temperature variation.
- the plate has a diameter of the order of three millimeters corresponding approximately to the size of the primary explosive plug.
- the plate is covered with a dichroic coating.
- a dichroic coating This makes it possible to improve the absorption of the laser radiation by the plate by maximizing the absorptivity of the metal plate to the laser radiation of the laser source and by limiting the reflectivity of the metal plate, which ultimately makes it possible to increase the efficiency energy transfer from the laser source to the metal plate, and from the metal plate to the pyrotechnic charge.
- the dichroic coating of the metal plate can be obtained by vapor deposition of one or more suitable metals on the part of the plate exposed to the laser beam (for example metals having a laser radiation absorption coefficient greater than that of the metal plate).
- the laser source and the optical fiber are the same as those commonly used in optical initiators of the prior art.
- the laser source may be a laser diode, this type of source having the advantage of being very compact.
- the laser source can emit in the infrared (that is to say in the range from 1000 ⁇ to 700 nm), but it is preferable to use a laser source emitting ultraviolet radiation (that is to say in the range of 400 nm to 200 nm), UV radiation is generally better absorbed by metals than IR radiation.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an optical initiator according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents a front view of a multi-perforated plate, according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a front view of a multi-perforated plate, according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- an initiator 1 which comprises a body 2 provided with a cavity 3, which are disposed a pyrotechnic charge 4 and a metal plate 5, placed in contact with the load.
- An optical fiber 6 guides a laser beam from a laser source (not shown) to the metal plate 5.
- a tip 7 serves as a support for the optical fiber 6 and thus makes it possible to place one end 8 of the optical fiber in contact with the metal plate 5, the other end 9 being connected to the laser source.
- the tip here has a thread facilitating its connection with the body 2.
- the initiator can be used to form a pyrotechnic chain, the body of the initiator then forming the first stage of the chain, the second, third, etc. stages of the pyrotechnic chain comprising charges. pyrotechnics less and less sensitive and more and more energetic than the charge of the initiator.
- the metal plate does not need to be large. In fact, it is preferable that the plate is small in order to accelerate its heating by the laser beam. However, it is preferable that the size of the plate is large enough that the alignment of the laser beam on the plate is easy. Similarly, the thicker the plate is, the faster this thickness is heated by the laser beam and the less easily manipulated plate. In the end, the choice of the dimensions of the metal plate is a compromise between the speed of heating the metal plate, the ease of alignment of the laser beam and the ease of handling of the metal plate. For example, for a laser beam having a laser spot of 1 mm in diameter, it will be possible to choose a metal plate having the shape of a pellet of about 3 mm in diameter and a thickness of about eighty hundredths of a millimeter.
- the thickness of the metal plate also depends on the power of the laser source that is used.
- the metal plate has multiple perforations arranged periodically. Two examples of possible perforation geometries are illustrated in Figures 2 and 3.
- the metal plate 5 is a circular pellet
- the perforations 10 are circular and identical, and are located at the vertices of contiguous hexagons forming a honeycomb structure. This produces identical elements 11 interconnected by bridges 12 or ligaments of material.
- the central spot 13 represents a circular focal spot, which can for example be obtained using a spherical lens.
- FIG. 3 Another possible architecture of the perforations is shown in FIG. 3, in which, unlike FIG. 2, the perforations 10 have a shape resulting from the intersection of three branches, each branch following the direction of a wall of hexagon.
- the central bar 14 represents the zone of impact of the laser on the plate, which is here a rectangular focal spot obtainable by passing the laser beam through a cylindrical lens, for example.
- the perforations can be obtained by laser machining or by photoengraving the metal plate. It should be noted that the circular shape of the perforations in FIG. 2 is easier to make than the perforations of FIG.
- the objective of the perforation of the plate is to reduce the surface of the plate that the laser beam must heat by isolating elements 11 between which the thermal conduction is minimized by bridges 12 whose role is to ensure the structuring and cohesion of all elements 11 in a single plate 5.
- the interest of the elements 11 thus obtained in the plate 5 is to reduce the metal mass to be heated and, therefore, to reduce the heating time and therefore increase the firing dynamics of the pyrotechnic charge in contact with the plate 5.
- the multiplicity of elements 11 which are heated also increases the number of grains of the powder, which constitutes the pyrotechnic charge, which are brought to the ignition temperature that is, the temperature at which they react.
- the pyrotechnic initiation of the pyrotechnic charge is thus less punctual and more homogeneous, which increases the priming reliability and reduces the risk of long fire.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1354195A FR3005500B1 (fr) | 2013-05-07 | 2013-05-07 | Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique ameliore |
PCT/EP2014/059261 WO2014180860A1 (fr) | 2013-05-07 | 2014-05-06 | Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique ameliore |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2994714A1 true EP2994714A1 (fr) | 2016-03-16 |
EP2994714B1 EP2994714B1 (fr) | 2017-10-18 |
Family
ID=49274745
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14722651.8A Not-in-force EP2994714B1 (fr) | 2013-05-07 | 2014-05-06 | Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique amélioré |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9970737B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2994714B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6382954B2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK2994714T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2656689T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3005500B1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO2994714T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2014180860A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3799055A (en) * | 1970-01-21 | 1974-03-26 | C Irish | Electrical initiator |
US3812783A (en) * | 1972-08-03 | 1974-05-28 | Nasa | Optically detonated explosive device |
FR2615609B1 (fr) * | 1987-05-20 | 1991-12-20 | Aerospatiale | Dispositif d'amorcage photopyrotechnique et chaine photopyrotechnique utilisant ce dispositif |
US4917014A (en) * | 1989-04-24 | 1990-04-17 | Kms Fusion, Inc. | Laser ignition of explosives |
AU7278991A (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1991-09-19 | Johnson, Richard John | Electro-optical detonator |
DE19719273A1 (de) * | 1996-08-02 | 1998-02-05 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Laserinitiiertes simultanes Anzündsystem |
FR2831659B1 (fr) * | 2001-10-26 | 2004-04-09 | Saint Louis Inst | Detonateur optique basse energie |
FR2888234B1 (fr) * | 2005-07-05 | 2008-05-02 | Saint Louis Inst | Composition energetique dopee optiquement |
JP2009008325A (ja) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-15 | Ihi Aerospace Co Ltd | 爆発物の処理方法 |
US7938065B2 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2011-05-10 | Amish Desai | Efficient exploding foil initiator and process for making same |
FR2973498B1 (fr) | 2011-04-04 | 2013-04-05 | Nexter Munitions | Inflammateur, composant pyrotechnique et procede de fabrication d'un tel composant pyrotechnique |
-
2013
- 2013-05-07 FR FR1354195A patent/FR3005500B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-05-06 DK DK14722651.8T patent/DK2994714T3/da active
- 2014-05-06 EP EP14722651.8A patent/EP2994714B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2014-05-06 ES ES14722651.8T patent/ES2656689T3/es active Active
- 2014-05-06 WO PCT/EP2014/059261 patent/WO2014180860A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2014-05-06 JP JP2016512349A patent/JP6382954B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-05-06 US US14/889,638 patent/US9970737B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-05-06 NO NO14722651A patent/NO2994714T3/no unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2014180860A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3005500A1 (fr) | 2014-11-14 |
JP6382954B2 (ja) | 2018-08-29 |
US20160091287A1 (en) | 2016-03-31 |
EP2994714B1 (fr) | 2017-10-18 |
WO2014180860A1 (fr) | 2014-11-13 |
NO2994714T3 (fr) | 2018-03-17 |
ES2656689T3 (es) | 2018-02-28 |
FR3005500B1 (fr) | 2017-12-22 |
US9970737B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
JP2016524685A (ja) | 2016-08-18 |
DK2994714T3 (da) | 2018-01-29 |
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