EP2989411B1 - Panzerung - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2989411B1
EP2989411B1 EP14787976.1A EP14787976A EP2989411B1 EP 2989411 B1 EP2989411 B1 EP 2989411B1 EP 14787976 A EP14787976 A EP 14787976A EP 2989411 B1 EP2989411 B1 EP 2989411B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armour
particles
matrix
macroscopic
macroscopic particles
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EP14787976.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2989411A4 (de
EP2989411A1 (de
Inventor
Lester Frank WALTERS
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from AU2013901435A external-priority patent/AU2013901435A0/en
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Publication of EP2989411A4 publication Critical patent/EP2989411A4/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0492—Layered armour containing hard elements, e.g. plates, spheres, rods, separated from each other, the elements being connected to a further flexible layer or being embedded in a plastics or an elastomer matrix
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to armour.
  • Armour is commonly used in military and civil applications to protect an underlying object such as a structure or person from an incoming projectile.
  • Armour may be in the form of armour plates which are located on or incorporated within the structure such as a vehicle or located within clothing worn by the person.
  • armour plates which include a composite matrix material supported by a backing plate.
  • the composite matrix material includes a layer or multiple layers of hard ceramic spheres set in a polyurethane foam material.
  • the hard ceramic spheres When impacted by a projectile the hard ceramic spheres deflect the projectile and also undergo limited movement within the polyurethane foam material. This movement results in some of the kinetic energy of the projectile being transferred to the composite matrix. Accordingly, the energy of the projectile is at least partially dissipated within the composite matrix which assists to protect the underlying object from the projectile.
  • a disadvantage of the above described armour plate configuration is that during the impact of the projectile there is limited interaction between the hard ceramic spheres, the polyurethane foam material and the backing plate. As such, the effectiveness of the armour plate configuration to dissipate, absorb and redirect energy of the projectile is limited.
  • US 4,179,979 discloses another armour system in the form of a plate including ceramic spheres are oriented in regular grids with orienting sheets and set within a polymer matrix.
  • a backing plate supports the matrix including the spheres and the orienting sheets.
  • the ceramic spheres are disclosed as including larger spheres having a diameter of about 13 mm (1/2 inch) and smaller spheres having a diameter about half of the larger spheres.
  • the smaller and larger spheres are arranged with a single one of the single smaller spheres is located in gaps formed by the adjacent layers of larger spheres.
  • the below described invention seeks to improve or overcome one or more of the above identified disadvantages and/or at least provide a useful alternative to known composite armour.
  • an impact absorbing material or armour including an impact absorption layer supported by a backing, the impact absorption layer including a plurality of substantially rigid macroscopic particles arranged in a spaced relationship relative to one another and a matrix interposed between the macroscopic particles, wherein the matrix is impregnated with substantially rigid microscopic particles.
  • an impact absorbing material or armour for dissipating energy associated with an impacting projectile
  • the armour including an impact absorption layer supported by a backing, the impact absorption layer including a plurality of macroscopic particles arranged in a spaced relationship relative to one another; and an at least partially flexible matrix interposed between the plurality of macroscopic particles wherein the matrix is impregnated with substantially rigid microscopic particles which are substantially encapsulated by the matrix so as to flexibly locate the microscopic particles between the macroscopic particles such that movement of at least one of the macroscopic particles by the impacting projectile is at least partially transferred to an adjacent at least one of the microscopic particles thereby assisting to dissipate the impact energy.
  • the microscopic particles are spherical.
  • the microscopic particles have a diameter in the range of 5nm to 1mm.
  • the microscopic particles are formed from a ceramic material.
  • the ceramic materials include at least one of glass, silicon, fumed silica, alumina and kaolin clay.
  • the matrix is composed of between about 10% and 100% microscopic particles.
  • the matrix includes a polymer material impregnated with the microscopic particles.
  • the polymer material is at least one of a flexible or semi-flexible polymer adapted to retain the macroscopic particles and the microscopic particles.
  • the polymer material is at least one of flexible epoxy resin, polyethylene, polypropylene and silicon rubber.
  • the macroscopic particles are spherical.
  • the diameter of the macroscopic particles is between about 1 mm and 100 mm.
  • the spacing between the macroscopic particles is between about 0.5 mm and 20 mm.
  • multiple layers of macroscopic particles are provided, each layer being spaced apart from one another and being substantially encapsulated by the matrix.
  • the size of the macroscopic particles in each layer is substantially similar.
  • the sizes of the macroscopic particles in adjacent layers are of a different size.
  • armour an impact or energy absorbing material or armour system 10, referred to hereafter as "armour", for protecting an underlying object from a ballistic projectile.
  • the armour 10 including an impact absorption layer 12 supported by a backing 14.
  • the backing 14 includes bounding walls or sides 15 so as to form a recess 17 in which the impact absorption layer 12 is located and substantially housed.
  • the bounding walls 15 contain and protect the impact absorption layer 12.
  • the impact absorption layer 12 is arranged to face the direction of a potential incoming projectile and the backing 14 is generally located toward, abutted against or incorporated within an object to be protected such as a person, a vehicle or the like.
  • the impact absorption layer 12 includes a plurality of substantially rigid macroscopic particles 16 arranged in a spaced relationship relative to one another and a matrix material 18 interposed between the macroscopic particles 16.
  • the matrix material 18 is impregnated with substantially rigid microscopic particles 20 such that the microscopic particles 20 are distributed throughout the matrix material 18 and are located between and around the macroscopic particles 16.
  • the macroscopic particles 16 are shown as being regularly-shaped, more specifically, spherical in shape.
  • the diameter of the macroscopic particles 16 may be in the range of about 1 mm to 100 mm, and in some examples, in the range of about 4 mm to 20 mm.
  • the size of the macroscopic particles 16 will be dictated by the physical size of the incoming projectiles likely to be encountered by the armour 10. For example, larger projectiles will dictate larger macroscopic particles 16 to aid in energy absorption.
  • the macroscopic particles 16 will be constructed of a hard, impact resistant material which typically would be a ceramic such as silicon nitride.
  • the macroscopic particles 16 may be spherical ceramic ball bearings.
  • the macroscopic particles 16 may be provided in layers in which each layer has a plurality of the macroscopic particles 16 in a generally planar alignment with one another and the backing 14. Typically, there would be more than one layer of macroscopic particles 16 to facilitate absorption and redirection of impact energy. However, a single layer may also be used in the simplest example of the armour 10.
  • the armour 10 may include any number of layers, for example, another example of the armour system may include 5 layers.
  • the macroscopic particles 16 are also positioned and sized in such a way as to minimise the likelihood of a projectile directly encountering the backing plate 14 or matrix 18 without coming into contact with the macroscopic particles 16.
  • each layer of macroscopic particles 16 may be geometrically offset or staggered relative one another. This provides an increased plan form surface area covered by the macroscopic particles 16 as may be best appreciated from Figure 2 .
  • each of the macroscopic particles 16 in the outer layer 22 are spaced apart by distance "A” from the neighbouring macroscopic particles 16.
  • each of the macroscopic particles 16 in the inner layer 24 are spaced apart by distance "B” from the neighbouring macroscopic particles 16.
  • each of the outer layer 22 and the inner layer 24 are also spaced apart by distance "C".
  • the distances "A, B, C” are shown to be the same. However, each of these distances may be varied.
  • the distances "A, B, C” may each be in the range of about 0.5 mm to 20 mm, and in some examples, in the range of about 0.5mm to 2mm.
  • each of the layers 22, 24 includes macroscopic particles 16 arrange in a predetermined and regular arrangement or grid defined by the distances "A, B, C".
  • the macroscopic particles 16 in each individual layer may be of similar size. However, adjacent layers may include macroscopic particles 16 of differing sizes.
  • the inner layer 24 may include macroscopic particles 16 having a diameter of 8mm and the outer layer 22 may include macroscopic particles 16 having a diameter of 4mm.
  • the outer layer 22 of macroscopic particles 16 may be partially exposed to aid in physical deformation of a softer incoming projectile.
  • the outer layer 22 of macroscopic particles 16 may also be covered by a cover or bounding plate (not shown) to prevent damage or loss of the outer layer 22 of macroscopic particles 16 due to disintegration under repeated impact.
  • the bounding plate may be made of a lightweight plastic or a metallic sheet.
  • a material that may be employed in the bounding plate may be a polycarbonate plastic.
  • the matrix 18 includes a polymer material 26 and the microscopic particles 20 are impregnated within and distributed within the polymer material 26 of the matrix 18.
  • the polymer 26 may be flexible or semi-flexible polymer or a similar material with elastomeric binding properties.
  • the polymer 26 may be a tough polymer having a Young's modulus which can vary from 0.001GPa to 2GPa.
  • the polymer material 26 may include or be entirely composed of at least one of flexible epoxy resin, polyethylene, polypropylene or silicon rubber.
  • the polymer may be rubberised material.
  • the macroscopic particles 16 are set within the matrix 18 such that the matrix fills all of the gaps between and substantially encapsulates the macroscopic particles 16. Accordingly, each of the layers 22, 24 are spaced apart from one another and are substantially encapsulated by the matrix 18.
  • the matrix 18 may also be utilised to bond the macroscopic particles 16 to the backing 14.
  • each of the layers 22, 24 may be formed independently as single-macrosphere layers or sheets which can then be glued together (while maintaining the correct orientation of macrospheres 16 from layer to layer).
  • the layer of macrospheres may be held in place by structures within a flat mold (not shown) and the matrix 18, (which may be provided in the form of an NSL-8 material as described below with reference to Figure 9 ) may be poured or injected into the mold forming one layer when cured.
  • the matrix 18, which may be provided in the form of an NSL-8 material as described below with reference to Figure 9
  • individual sheets may be glued together, for example, using the NSL-8 material.
  • two or more layers of macrospheres can be held in the correct grid arrangement by a mold (not shown) and the matrix 18, which may in some examples be the NSL-8 material, may be injected into the mold under pressure forming one continuous, multi-layer sheet. These sheets of macrospheres may then be glued on to the backing plate 14.
  • the matrix 18 includes a high volume of the microscopic particles 20.
  • the volume of the matrix 18 occupied by the microscopic particles 20 may vary from about 10% to 100%, and in other examples, the volume occupied by the microscopic particles 20 may vary from 10% to 60%.
  • the size of the microscopic particles 20 may vary from 5nm to 1 mm microscopic particles 20 may be regularly shaped particles, more specifically, spheres such as glass or silicon microspheres or nanospheres.
  • the microscopic particles 20 may take the form of other regularly shaped objects such as microscopic plates, for example, kaolin clay platelets.
  • other regularly shaped objects may be introduced into the matrix 18 to increase its physical integrity and aid in energy dissipation. These objects may take the form of short fibres.
  • An example of the armour 10 may also contain short aramid, carbon or glass fibres within the matrix 18.
  • the backing 14 is the final component of the armour 10 to encounter incoming impact energy or force.
  • the backing 14 is constructed of materials which provide a high degree of resistance to impact.
  • the material employed in the backing 14 must be capable of momentary deformation and recovery under impact.
  • the backing 14 may be in the form of a backing plate constructed of a material with high toughness and resistance to impact damage.
  • the backing 14 may be constructed of high-density plastic such as polycarbonate plastic, steel, aluminium or titanium.
  • the backing 14 may be constructed of a single, uniform plate of material such as a composite plate of fibre cloth set in a rigid or flexible binder or may take the form of a composite sandwich of plastic or metal plates and sheets of fibre cloth set in a polymer binder as is further detailed in Figures 3a and 3b .
  • the backing 14 may also be constructed as a composite sandwich including one or more layers of microscopic tubes 32 (otherwise know as microtubes or nanotubes) sandwiched between the sheets or plates 30 and 31.
  • the microscopic tubes 32 may be air-filled or filled with a fluid.
  • the plates 30, 31 may be formed from plastic such as polycarbonate sheets or metal and the small tubes 32 are set between the plates 30, 31 under pressure. These tubes 32 may take the form of glass-fibre tubes or carbon nanotubes set in a binding adhesive between the plates 30, 31. As an alternative to the tubes 32, the backing 14 may incorporate aramid fibre sheets set in a binding adhesive between the plates 30, 31.
  • arrow "D" illustrates the momentary deformation of the surface plate 30 which may occur when a projectile impacts the armour 10.
  • the deformation of the surface plate 30 is communicated to the tubes 32 which in turn deform in response to the movement of the surface plate 30.
  • the deformation of the surface plate 30 is not directly experienced by the lower plate 31 or other parts of the backing 14 which can be a source of backing plate critical failure.
  • the deformation of the hollow tubes 32 causes compression and movement of air or fluid within the tubes 32 which consumes a percentage of the incoming energy associated with the impacting projectile.
  • the tubes 32 also experience a recovery force due to their elastic nature and this is communicated to the front plate 30 which assists the shape recovery of the front plate 30.
  • the backing 14 may be constructed of a semi-flexible elastomeric material or as a segmented or reticulated arrangement of rigid metal or plastic plates.
  • the flexible backing in combination with the flexible impact absorption layer 12 provides a flexible example of the armour 10.
  • the armour 10 includes a combination of rigid and flexible components that work together as a system to absorb, dissipate or redirect the energy associated with an incoming ballistic projectile.
  • the armour 10 is shown with an impacting projectile 40 normal to the armour 10 surface.
  • the arrows "E" shown in the Figures provide indicative representations of the pathways of energy and force dissipation likely to be encountered during impact of the projectile.
  • the macroscopic particles 16 are initially impacted by the projectile 40 and undergo constrained movement within the flexible or semi-flexible matrix 18.
  • the backing 14 supports and contains the macroscopic particles 16 and the flexible matrix 18.
  • the backing 14 provides a final impacting structure to stop the projectile 40.
  • the armour 10 provides three main components which function together as a system for absorbing, dissipating or redirecting the energy associated with the incoming ballistic projectile 40.
  • the three main components are: the macroscopic particles 16, the flexible or semi-flexible matrix 18 and the backing 14.
  • the hardness of the macroscopic particles 16 act to deform the relatively soft metallic projectile due to the velocity and kinetic energy of the impact. This primary deformation of the projectile increases its surface area thus decreases its penetrative potential. Due to the increased surface area of the deformed projectile, the likelihood of it encountering and interacting with more macroscopic particles 16 is increased.
  • the mass of the impact system increases, thereby decreasing the velocity and hence the kinetic energy of the projectile 40.
  • the macroscopic particles 16 directed toward the backing 14 are predominantly at an angle to the backing surface less than 90 degrees. It is also noted that due to the physical properties chosen for the backing 14, impact at less than 90 degrees is far more likely to cause a deflection of the incoming energy or force thus minimising the likelihood of penetration.
  • the matrix 18 There are two mechanisms of energy dissipation within the matrix 18.
  • the first mechanism of the matrix 18 relates to the conservation of momentum whereby an impulse of energy caused by an impact event has the effect of producing a shock-wave that travels through a medium and causes damage to that medium. As the shock wave travels through the matrix 18, the shock wave encounters more and more microscopic particles 20 which are located within the matrix 18.
  • the microscopic particles 20 are forced into constrained motion within the polymer material 26 of the matrix 18. This motion of the microscopic particles 20 incorporates their mass, momentum and inertia into the system of impact. This has the effect of dampening the motion and absorbing the energy of the shock wave in motion and heat.
  • the second mechanism of the matrix 18, relates to the inertia linkage for the microscopic particles 20 as is shown in Figure 6 also referred to as instantaneous force chains.
  • the left hand macroscopic particle 16 undergoes an initial impulse in direction "F" of the right hand macroscopic particle 16.
  • the matrix 18, more specifically, the microscopic particles 20 located within the polymer material 26, provide elastic linkages or "pathways” also referred to as instantaneous force chains, shown as "H" to transfer energy between the microscopic particles 20 and ultimately the macroscopic particles 16.
  • the matrix 18 absorbs at least a portion of the energy associated with the initial impulse such that the right hand macroscopic particle 16 undergoes a reduced impulse relative to the left hand macroscopic particle 16 in direction "G".
  • the energy dissipation in the matrix 18 includes: instantaneous force chain interactions between adjacent microscopic particles 20; redistribution of vectors into a random cloud or mass of the microscopic particles 20; and the mass of the microscopic particles 20 which undergo constrained movement to dissipate energy via heat.
  • an analogy may be drawn wherein the matrix 18, in particular the interaction of the microscopic particles 20 within the polymer 26, are considered to behave as a multitude of small, interconnected inflexible levers 50 linked by flexible elbows 52.
  • the levers 50 and elbows 52 providing an analogous linkage between impact receiving structures which in this example include plates 54, 56 and 58.
  • the impulse is a rapid short event and the levers 50 inhibit the elbows 52 from rotating, more of the impulse is transferred from plate 54 to plates 56 and 58.
  • the inertia of the levers 50 can be overcome and the levers 50 will merely rotate about the elbows 52 which results in very little of the impulse being transferred from the plate 54 to plates 56 and 58.
  • the initial impulse is spread over a larger surface area.
  • two plates 56, 58 are affected by the impulse received by the first plate 54 which dissipates and propagates the force to a larger area.
  • the third major component for energy dissipation is provided by the backing 14.
  • the backing 14, in particular the materials and construction selected for the backing 14 as has been described above, are adapted to momentarily deform under stress and recover without critical failure.
  • the backing 14 represents a large surface for final energy dissipation. This large surface area is made accessible for energy dissipation by the interaction of the macroscopic particles 16 and the microscopic particles 20 set within the matrix 18.
  • System 1 is a simplified example of the reactive armour system 10 as substantially hereinbefore described and like numerals are used to denote like parts. Accordingly, System 1 includes three major elements being: the macrospheres 16a, 16b and 16c held in a regular grid but not in direct contact with each other or the backing plate; a flexible rubberised matrix 18 containing microspheres 20 and also holding the macropsheres 16a, 16b and 16c in a regular grid; and a backing plate 14.
  • the diameter, D 1 , of the macrospheres 16a, 16b and 16c is 10mm
  • the distance, D 2 , between the macrospheres is 1mm
  • the distance, D 3 between the outer edge of the macrospheres 16b, 16c and an edge of the model is 5mm
  • the overall width, D 4 is 31 mm.
  • the distance, D 5 is about 9.5mm and the distance D6 is 6mm.
  • System 2 is shown in Figure 8b , and comprises only hard macrospheres 16a, 16b and 16c held in a regular grid in direct contact with each other and with the backing plate 20. Accordingly, the primary difference between System 1 and System 2, is that System 1 includes spacing between the macrospheres and the backing 14, and the matrix 18 including microspheres 20 held by a rubberised material.
  • the diameter, D 1 , of the macrospheres 16a, 16b and 16c is 10mm, and the macrospheres 16b and 16c are arranged to directly abut the backing plate 14.
  • the angle, A 1 is 40 degrees and as such the angle between the points of contact with the backing plate 14 and impact force, F 0 , is 20 degrees.
  • NSL-8 is a flexible epoxy material having microparticles that may be used as a binder material.
  • the NSL-8 material was developed by and may be obtained from Thermal Mitigation Technologies of Louisiana, USA.
  • the NSL-8 material is used to approximate the behaviour of the matrix material 18 in System 1.
  • the NSL-8 material is used in this example due to the availability of the material data.
  • matrix materials 18 other than the NSL-8 material may also be utilised.
  • the experimental model for System 1 was developed around the approximation of the matrix material (being a flexible epoxy or rubberised material impregnated with microspheres) behaving similarly to a granular material when impacted.
  • This approximation has been used because granular materials approach the behaviour of a rubberised solid due to interactions between the individual particles often referred to as instantaneous force chains (as for example shown in Figures 7a and 7b ).
  • the approximation of the matrix material being modelled as a granular material may be considered a conservative approximation for the behaviour the actual matrix material as the flexible polymer, being a rubber like or rubberised material, may absorb further impact energy in comparison to a purely granular material.
  • the assumption of a loose granular material has been applied whereby the interactions between the elements, in this instance the macrospheres 16a, 16b and 16c, are modelled as instantaneous force chains or linkages between the elements.
  • the instantaneous force chains or linkages are provided with material properties, in this example for the NSL-8 material, such as a Young's Modulus so as to a least partially account the energy transfer and distribution of such a material between the macrospheres 16a, 16b and 16c.
  • System 1 may be modelled in accordance with the following equation:
  • Equation 1 utilises t ⁇ r 2 and r > 0.
  • Equation 1 utilises t ⁇ r 2 and r > 0.
  • the experimental model example for System 2 is derived from a simple vector diagram. Since the macrospheres (16a, 16b and 16c) are in direct contact with each other and the backing plate, at the instant of force application, force will be communicated directly through the macrospheres into the backing plate. There are no intervening mechanisms which might further dissipate this force. Due to the two pathways presented by the macrosphere arrangement chosen for the model of System 2, the force is effectively split in two (aside from the small components that are lost due to being at right angles to the axis of the backing plate).
  • Equation 2 Force Model for System 2.
  • the impulse force will first be encountered by the primary sphere, 16a. Under this impulse force, it will generate a force distribution within the matrix 18 which is felt in part by the two back macrospheres 16b, 16c and a proportion of which is felt by the backing plate 14. The two back macrospheres 16b, 16c will in turn generate their own force distributions within the matrix 18 due to the force exerted on them by the first macrosphere 16a. These secondary force distributions will be felt along with the remnant of the first macrosphere force distribution by the backing plate 14.
  • the first macrosphere 16a will react with constrained movement within the flexible matrix 18 due to the unity force acting on it. i.e. It will experience an acceleration due to the impulse force (F) but will also experience a deceleration due to the resistance of the flexible matrix 18.
  • the first macrosphere 16a will produce forces similar in magnitude and direction to the forces produced by a static force pressing down on a flexible half-solid by a submerged, inflexible sphere.
  • the force acting on the plane which fully intersects the two remaining macrospheres 16b, 16c will be calculated.
  • the resultant force acting on the remaining two macrospheres 16b, 16c will become the sum of the forces contained in the plane cut that intersect the macrospheres 16b, 16c.
  • the remaining two macrospheres 16b, 16c will be stimulated into movement in the same way as the first macrosphere 16a and will in turn produce their own force distribution pattern in the matrix.
  • the force felt by the two back macrospheres 16b, 16c will be subtracted from the primary force exerted by the first macrosphere 16a.
  • the resultant force distribution felt by the backing plate 14 will be the sum of the forces exerted by all the macrospheres 16a, 16b, 16c. This resultant force distribution is plotted in Figure 10a .
  • System 2 is comprised of rigid spheres 16a, 16b, 16c in contact with each other and with the backing plate 14. Accordingly, compression of the macrospheres 16a, 16b, 16c and the backing plate 20 is not considered in this model and the force distribution becomes quite simple.
  • the incoming unity force is communicated instantaneously to the backing plate via the contact points between the macrospheres and the backing plate.
  • the force vectors normal to the backing plate may appear in two locations at the contact points between the back two macrospheres and the backing plate. These two force "spikes" are plotted on a graph for comparison with the resultant force distribution graph produced for System 1. This resultant force distribution is plotted in Figure 10b .
  • System 2 produces two discrete, discontinuous force spikes at the points of contact between the macrospheres and the backing plate.
  • the magnitude of the force spikes for System 2 is 0.45N which is over 4 times the force produced by System 1.
  • System 1 is better able to distribute the impact force and reduce the point force load on the backing plate and as such System 1, which is representative, of the armour 10 according to the invention described herein may provide advantageous impact absorbing properties, shielding and protection in comparison to previously known systems, which may function in a similar manner to that modelled above in relation to System 2.
  • the above described impact absorbing material provided in the form of an armour plate system provides a rigid or semi-rigid plate of any shape and size which can be deployed to protect personnel, property or vehicles which are subject to projectile attack.
  • the armour material or armour plate system may take a number of physical configurations and may be deployed or arranged as an armour plates or other structure having continuous, unbroken armoured surface or as a series of discrete, interlocked or segmented pieces forming a semi-flexible whole (scale armour). When formed as scale armour, the armour system may be utilised as or for producing personal body armour for use by military or law-enforcement personnel.
  • the armour plate system described herein may be formed as a stand alone armour plate or panel, or incorporated within another structure such as a side wall of a vehicle or clothing.
  • the material and armour system described herein includes a number of interacting components or sub-systems which interact with one another to deflect, dissipate and absorb energy associated with an impacting projectile such as a bullet.
  • these components or sub-systems include the macroscopic particles, the matrix which includes the polymer impregnated with the microscopic particles and the backing.
  • the hard macroscopic particles undergo constrained motion within the matrix.
  • the microscopic particles set within the polymer of the matrix also undergo constrained motion and dissipate the impact throughout the energy absorption layer and the backing.
  • the backing also interacts with the matrix and hence the macroscopic particles so as to absorb energy from and physically restrain or contain the energy absorption layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Panzerung (10) zum Dissipieren von Energie im Zusammenhang mit einem aufprallenden Projektil, wobei die Panzerung (10) eine Aufprallabsorptionsschicht (12) umfasst, die durch einen Rücken (14) gestützt wird, wobei die Aufprallabsorptionsschicht (12) umfasst:
    eine Mehrzahl von im Wesentlichen starren makroskopischen Partikeln (16), die in einem regelmäßigen Raster in einer beabstandeten Beziehung zueinander angeordnet sind; und
    eine wenigstens teilweise flexible Matrix (18), die zwischen der Mehrzahl von makroskopischen Partikeln (16) angeordnet ist;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Matrix (18) von im Wesentlichen starren mikroskopischen Partikeln (20) durchsetzt ist, die im Wesentlichen von der Matrix (18) eingekapselt sind, so dass sie eine Zufallswolke der mikroskopischen Partikel (20) flexibel zwischen jedem der makroskopischen Partikel (16) anordnen, so dass eine Bewegung wenigstens eines der makroskopischen Partikel (16) durch das aufprallende Projektil mittels der mikroskopischen Partikel (20) der Zufallswolke wenigstens teilweise zu wenigstens einem der benachbarten makroskopischen Partikel (16) übertragen wird, wodurch dazu beigetragen wird, die Aufprallenergie zu dissipieren.
  2. Panzerung (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die mikroskopischen Partikel (20) kugelförmig sind.
  3. Panzerung (10) nach Anspruch 2, wobei die mikroskopischen Partikel (20) einen Durchmesser im Bereich von ungefähr 5 nm bis 1 mm aufweisen.
  4. Panzerung (10) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die mikroskopischen Partikel (20) aus einem Keramikmaterial gebildet sind.
  5. Panzerung (10) nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Keramikmaterialien wenigstens eines aus Glas, Silikon, pyrogene Kieselsäure, Aluminiumoxid und Kaolin umfassen.
  6. Panzerung (10) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Matrix (18) aus zwischen ungefähr 10% und 100% mikroskopischen Partikeln (20) zusammengesetzt ist.
  7. Panzerung (10) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Matrix (18) ein von den mikroskopischen Partikeln (20) durchsetztes Polymermaterial umfasst.
  8. Panzerung (10) nach Anspruch 7, wobei das Polymermaterial (26) wenigstens eines aus flexiblem oder halbflexiblem Polymer ist, welches dazu ausgebildet ist, die makroskopischen Partikel (16) und die mikroskopischen Partikel (20) zu halten.
  9. Panzerung (10) nach Anspruch 8, wobei das Polymermaterial (26) wenigstens eines aus flexiblem Epoxyharz, Polyethylen, Polypropylen und Silikonkautschuk ist.
  10. Panzerung (10) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die makroskopischen Partikel (20) kugelförmig sind.
  11. Panzerung (10) nach Anspruch 10, wobei der Durchmesser der makroskopischen Partikel (16) zwischen ungefähr 1 mm und 100 mm liegt.
  12. Panzerung (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 10 oder 11, wobei der Abstand zwischen den makroskopischen Partikeln (16) zwischen ungefähr 0,5 mm und 20 mm liegt.
  13. Panzerung (10) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei mehrere Schichten (22, 24) makroskopischer Partikel (16) vorgesehen sind, wobei jede Schicht (22, 24) zueinander beabstandet ist und im Wesentlichen durch die Matrix (18) eingekapselt ist.
  14. Panzerung (10) nach Anspruch 13, wobei die Größe der makroskopischen Partikel (16) in jeder Schicht (22, 24) im Wesentlichen ähnlich ist.
  15. Panzerung (10) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Mehrzahl der makroskopischen Partikel (16) in dem regelmäßigen Raster angeordnet ist und durch die Matrix (18) im Wesentlichen an Ort und Stelle gehalten wird.
EP14787976.1A 2013-04-24 2014-04-17 Panzerung Not-in-force EP2989411B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2013901435A AU2013901435A0 (en) 2013-04-24 Armour
PCT/AU2014/000448 WO2014172744A1 (en) 2013-04-24 2014-04-17 Armour

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EP2989411A1 EP2989411A1 (de) 2016-03-02
EP2989411A4 EP2989411A4 (de) 2016-04-20
EP2989411B1 true EP2989411B1 (de) 2018-05-30

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US10704866B2 (en) * 2016-09-15 2020-07-07 Honeywell International Inc. High kinetic energy absorption with low back face deformation ballistic composites
US11331545B2 (en) 2018-09-14 2022-05-17 Timothy W. Markison Force focusing golf club
TR202008319A1 (tr) 2020-05-29 2021-12-21 Tusaş Türk Havacilik Ve Uzay Sanayi̇i̇ Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ Bir zırh sistemi.
IL282038B2 (en) * 2021-03-22 2023-05-01 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd Subtle reactive protective armor

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Publication number Publication date
EP2989411A4 (de) 2016-04-20
AU2014256839A1 (en) 2015-08-06
WO2014172744A1 (en) 2014-10-30
EP2989411A1 (de) 2016-03-02
US20150377593A1 (en) 2015-12-31
AU2014256839B2 (en) 2018-04-26

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