EP2989329A1

EP2989329A1 - Method for assessing a wear state of a module of a turbomachine, module, and turbomachine

Info

Publication number: EP2989329A1
Application number: EP14721302.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Frank May; Simon Gassmann
Original assignee: Sulzer Pumpen AG
Current assignee: Sulzer Management AG
Priority date: 2013-04-26
Filing date: 2014-04-25
Publication date: 2016-03-02
Also published as: CN105283671B; AU2014259373B2; RU2015147851A; CA2899842C; BR112015024263A2; RU2673968C2; SG11201505880PA; US10444118B2; CN105283671A; AU2014259373A1; MX361171B; CA2899842A1; US20160084734A1; WO2014174097A1; KR20160002686A; MX2015014435A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for assessing a wear state of a module (1, 11, 111, 112) of a turbomachine, in particular a bearing arrangement (11, 111, 112) of a pump or turbine, wherein a mechanical interrogating signal (21) with a predefinable signal shape is generated by means of a signal transmitter (2) in order to determine a wear characteristic variable, and a response signal (31) which is generated from the interrogating signal (21) is detected by way of a sensor (3) which is in contact with the module (1, 11, 111, 112). According to the invention, the response signal (31) is modified depending on a variation in a physical operating variable of the module (1, 11, 111, 112) according to a characteristic pattern, the wear characteristic variable is determined from the modification of the response signal (31), and the wear state is assessed using the wear characteristic variable. Moreover, the invention relates to a module (1, 11, 111, 112) of a turbomachine having a signal transmitter (2) and a sensor (3), and to a turbomachine having a module (1, 11, 111, 112) of this type.

Description

Method for assessing a state of wear of an assembly of a turbomachine, assembly, and turbomachine

The invention relates to a method for assessing a state of wear of an assembly of a turbomachine, in particular a bearing assembly of a pump or turbine, an assembly of a turbomachine, and a turbomachine, in particular pump or turbine according to the preamble of the independent claims 1, 11, and 15.

Bearings are used wherever forces acting in certain directions have to be compensated or movements of an object in undesired directions have to be prevented. at

Turbomachines, such as pumps or turbines, are used in assemblies with rotating components essentially two types of bearings, namely so-called radial and thrust bearings. The bearings commonly used in turbomachines are, depending on the specific application, very often extremely complex assemblies subcomponents in operation

different, more or less strong Verschleissmechanismen are exposed. This applies to both radial and thrust bearings. In particular, but not only, mechanical seals and their individual parts are thus wearing parts that fail sooner or later. To delay this as possible and thus to realize the longest possible service life before maintenance or replacement of the bearings or their components, such as seals, is necessary, a whole series of very different measures are known in the art, the expert in itself knows.

To accommodate radial forces are in addition to the radial bearings, which in the simplest case can simply consist of a bearing saddle and a rotatable shaft, the shaft often, but not necessary, can still be sealed with a shaft seal, for example, against an external atmosphere to Recording axial forces often also so-called axial Kippsegmentlager used, the structure of the prior art has long been well known. The general design principle provides that several in one axial Kippsegmentlager

Bearing segments are arranged in the form of an annular array on a mostly metallic carrier body about a bearing axis and are flooded in the operating state with a circulating fluid as a lubricant. The bearing segments as such consist, depending on the application, of a metal, plastic, etc. and often have the shape of a trapezoidal cuboid, on whose side facing the carrier body there is a tilting element on which the bearing segment is mounted. On the side facing away from the carrier body of the bearing segments is a track disc, with which the axial forces of the shaft are transmitted to the bearing, whereby corresponding pressure loads on the

Bearing segments act. This construction principle will be explained in more detail later with reference to FIGS. 3a and 3b.

When the track disc begins to rotate, the fluid shears between the track disc and the bearing segments and the track disc slides over the bearing segments. The formation of a wedge-shaped hydrodynamic lubricant film, which is an essential component in the operation of the axial bearing assembly, leads to a tilting of each bearing segment, since they are supported on a tilting element. Particularly critical operating ranges for the axial tilting pad bearings are the start-up and stopping phases, for example in the case of pumps, since in some cases very high axial forces act here. In these phases, the hydrodynamic

Lubricant film not yet fully formed, so that the disc and bearing segment directly, without significant hydrodynamic lubrication touch and it comes to wear. In general, the bearing segments are loosely and discreetly mounted with respect to the carrier body to avoid misalignment and to adapt the tilting of the bearing segments, which is caused by the formation of the hydrodynamic lubricant film, to the rotating shaft. The loose mount is in principle limited by the fact that the bearing segments are to be held within the assembly when the shaft is not rotating, so for example by the bearing segments are connected to each other by a flexible network or fastened by means of a fastener in a groove on the support body are.

Depending on the environment of use, in some cases fluids with a low viscosity are used, for example a water-based lubricant or an oil mixture. In this case, the wear of the bearing segments is not a continuous process, but it comes at high pressure loads often within seconds to damage or destruction of the bearing segments. Such bearings, as well as the radial bearings, of course, are always subject to constant wear and tear, which, without sudden catastrophic effects, ultimately leads to the bearing or parts thereof having to be repaired or replaced. In summary, it can thus be stated that, in particular, the rotating components, or those components which are in contact with rotating parts, are wear parts which sooner or later fail. In order for such a failure does not occur completely surprising and thus possibly even worse damage to other components of the corresponding machine caused, it is important even before the final failure of such Verschleissteils information about the

To obtain wear state of a corresponding assembly, so that the wear condition can be reliably assessed long before the final failure of the assembly and possibly preventive measures can be taken.

So far, only very inadequate methods are known from the prior art for the state of wear of assemblies of

Turbomachines, for example, bearings or bearing seals or bearing shafts of pumps or turbines, or axial

To monitor and assess Kippsegmentlagern in the operating condition.

For example, it is known for seals of radial bearings, a

To observe leakage flow at the seal, which can give some insight into the state of wear of the seal or the corresponding bearing. Often it is not possible to observe the leakage flow during operation of the machine or the information obtained by observing the leakage flow are too vague and indefinite to obtain reliable information about the state of wear of the corresponding components. It is also known in principle, both in radial and axial

For example, store the temperature of involved component components or bearing fluids, such as, e.g. to monitor the temperature of oil in the

Operating condition with the parts to be monitored for wear in

Touch comes. This can be done with thermocouples or with electrical resistance thermometers reasonably reliable and allows in principle a good monitoring and assessment of a

Wear state of the module of interest. However, these methods are usually suitable only for laboratory and test purposes, as the

Temperature sensors cumbersome, often need to be placed in very inaccessible places. In addition, those of such

Temperature sensors generated measurement signals are connected via electrical lines with appropriate measuring and Auswerteinstrumenten, so that the use of the aforementioned temperature sensor for use under normal operating conditions in the area prohibits in most cases, as the skilled person is immediately clear.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a reliable method for

Assessment of a wear condition of an assembly of a

To provide turbomachine, which avoids the problems known from the prior art and is particularly suitable for use under ordinary operating conditions in the field or in the field, including outside the laboratory for everyday use. Moreover, it is an object of the invention to propose a correspondingly modified assembly of a turbomachine, as well as a

Turbomachine, in particular pump or turbine, with such a modified assembly. In particular, the invention is intended to provide a method and apparatus such that even under extreme operating conditions, such as e.g. at a pump that is deep below the

Sea level is installed, reliable monitoring of the

Wear condition is possible.

The objects of the invention which solve this object are characterized by the features of the independent claims 1, 11, and 15.

The dependent claims relate to particularly advantageous

Embodiments of the invention. The invention relates to a method for assessing a state of wear of an assembly of a turbomachine, in particular bearing arrangement of a pump or turbine, wherein for determining a Verschleisskenngrosse by means of a signal generator, a mechanical interrogation signal is generated with a predetermined waveform, and with a standing in contact with the module sensor generated from the query signal

Response signal is detected. According to the invention, the response signal is changed according to a variation of a physical operating variable of the assembly according to a characteristic pattern, from

Change of the response signal, the Verschleisskenngrosse is determined, and the state of wear is determined using the

Rated wear rating.

Thus, according to the invention, the state of wear of the assembly is not reduced, as known in the art, e.g. with a conventional temperature sensor, such as a thermocouple or a

Resistance thermometer assessed. Rather, a signal generator is used, which generates a mechanical interrogation signal from the one

Response signal is generated, wherein the response signal is changed in response to the state of wear of the assembly in a characteristic manner. The response signal is then detected by the sensor, so that finally from the characteristic pattern change, which has the response signal compared to the interrogation signal, the Verschleisskenngrosse can be determined and so the state of wear of the module or its components or sub-components can be assessed. Specific examples of sensors used according to the invention are also known per se to the person skilled in the art under the term SAW sensor (surface acoustic wave sensor) or also under the German-language abbreviation SAW sensor (surface wave sensor). Such sensors are preferably made on the basis of a piezoelectric or piezoresistive material, which, as is well known to the skilled person, when exposed to mechanical stresses, such as elongation, compression, pressure, force, torque, etc. due to its special crystalline structure

can generate corresponding electrical signals. That means one

mechanical stress, which is subjected to a piezoelectric crystal, for example, changes its electrical polarization or

Load shifting. Conversely, an electric field applied to the crystal causes a mechanical distortion in it.

Due to these properties, piezoelectric materials are also suitable for temperature measurement or for a suitable calibration

Determination of temperature changes. An enormous advantage of such SAW sensors, which are constructed of piezoelectric materials, is, inter alia, that they can be made relatively small, often in dimensions of a few millimeters or even smaller. Since the piezoelectric effect is ultimately due to polarization phenomena in the crystal lattice, such a sensor module can be operated and read out with the application of minimal electrical energy, since the main effect, namely the change in polarization or

Charge shift in the crystal by applying a mechanical

Stress or the expansion phenomena of the crystal lattice when creating an external electric field almost completely de-energized take place and thus consume almost no electrical energy.

Therefore, it is possible to control such sensor modules both wirelessly by means of an electromagnetic wave via a suitable antenna and to operate and read again wirelessly via an antenna. This has the enormous advantage that such sensors do not necessarily have to be wired and thus even completely problem-free even in rotating

Components can be installed. Of course, the sensor modules can also be wired in special cases. At the same time, such sensor modules are robust, extremely durable and hardly prone to error, and are also commercially available at very favorable prices from a large number of manufacturers.

To evaluate a state of wear of an assembly of a

Turbomachine, in particular for assessing the state of wear of a bearing assembly or for assessing the state of wear of components or subcomponents, such as, inter alia, seals on bearing assemblies, the monitoring of the temperature or the temporal change in temperature in the operating state has to be particularly reliable and easy to handle Measured variable exposed.

Other prominent representatives of assembly components, which of course are also covered by the invention, are e.g.

Mechanical seals, sealing gaps and other components or subcomponents known to those skilled in the art which are at risk of wear and therefore must be monitored

Namely, if the temperature, preferably monitored as a function of time at appropriate locations in the assembly, on the one hand slowly developing damage, for example, on a bearing or on a seal of the bearing or other component or

Subcomponent of the camp are detected and monitored very early. If such temperature profiles are suitably calibrated to the relevant parameters, for example, a repair or replacement of the bearing can be carried out very early, before the corresponding component finally fails. But also very spontaneous, possibly catastrophic

Damage can be detected almost immediately in its occurrence, so that a corresponding machine, for example, immediately shut down or can be reduced in their performance before worse and more damage to the corresponding machine can occur. In this case, the skilled person readily understands that automatic readout of the sensor units used, the monitoring can be automated especially easily, so that, for example, a corresponding message can be triggered when maintenance or repair is necessary or in the worst case, of course, an emergency shutdown or to be initiated automatically.

It is easily possible by placing a plurality of

Sensor units at different locations on or in the assembly also different components or subcomponents of the assembly

simultaneously and independently of each other, whereby a possibly occurring error or alarming Verschleissereignis can also be located very reliable, so that ultimately the maintenance and repair costs can be significantly reduced, because the location of the fault or wear event, for example. automatically by one

determined program-controlled machine and a

Maintenance team, and even the extent of the fault or wear and tear can be communicated to the maintenance team, so that the right and necessary measures can be taken immediately, without wasting time on troubleshooting. Thus, assemblies placed in very inaccessible places in the machine or machines installed in very inaccessible places, e.g. deep under the sea surface, comfortably, possibly with the appropriate network technology, even online monitored by a central maintenance center. In an embodiment of a method according to the invention which is particularly important in practice, the signal transmitter and the sensor are integrated in a sensor module, as a result of which the entire space occupied by the sensor

Signaling device and the sensor together occupy particularly good can be minimized, so that the entire sensor module is particularly space-saving and also very easy to install on the module to be monitored.

It is also possible that the signal generator additionally, i. at the same time also used as a sensor for detecting the response signal, which allows a further miniaturization of the sensor module. A special one

Embodiment of such a sensor module will be described below in more detail with reference to FIG. 1 b.

As already mentioned, the interrogation signal is particularly preferably transmitted to the signal generator wirelessly from a suitable signal source, e.g. transmitted by radio on a suitable carrier frequency, of course, the response signal can be transmitted according wirelessly to an evaluation unit for evaluation and determination of the wear condition.

As already described in detail above, the signal transmitter and / or the sensor and / or the sensor module are made at least partially from a suitable piezoelectric or piezoresistive material, in particular from a piezoelectric or piezoresistive single crystal.

In this case, the physical operating variable, which is monitored by the sensor module and from which finally the wear characteristic variable is derived, from which the wear state can be detected, can be any suitable physical variable that corresponds to the wear state in

In particular, there is a pressure, a force, a torque, a rotational speed, a flow of a fluid medium, very particularly preferably a temperature and / or a spatial or temporal distribution of these quantities.

In particular, but not only, if the module to be monitored is a component or a sub-component of a bearing, the signal transmitter and / or the sensor and / or the sensor can be used Sensor module are particularly advantageously provided in a rotating component or sub-component of the module and / or on a stationary component or sub-component of the module.

The inventive method is basically suitable for assessing the state of wear of any assembly of a turbomachine, but is in practice very particularly advantageous for assessing a wear condition of a bearing assembly of a

Turbomachine used, wherein the bearing assembly particularly preferably a mechanical shaft bearing comprising a in a

stationary bearing saddle arranged rotatable shaft is, or else an axial Kippsegmentlager comprising a in a carrier body

arranged tilting element may be with a plurality of segmental bodies.

Preferably, the inventive method for assessing the state of wear in a bearing assembly comprising a

Mechanical seal and an axial Kippsegmentlager with a arranged in a carrier body bearing segment, in particular comprising a tilting element with a segment body used.

With such arrangements comprising a mechanical seal and an axial tilting pad bearing temperature peaks may occur, which are detected almost immediately in their emergence, so that a corresponding machine, for example, immediately shut down or can be reduced in their performance before worse and possibly additional damage to the corresponding machine may occur. Such temperature peaks usually do not occur, for example when using rolling bearings.

As already mentioned, the monitoring and evaluation of the state of wear can also be fully or partially automated, so that the turbomachine can be controlled and / or regulated in accordance with the response signal.

The present invention further relates to an assembly of a

Turbomachine, in particular a bearing assembly of a pump or a turbine, with which assembly can perform the method of the invention. In this case, to determine a Verschleisskenngrösse on the module, a signal generator for generating a mechanical

Interrogation signal, and a standing in contact with the module sensor for detecting a response signal generated from the interrogation signal

provided so that a change of the response signal

Abrasion characteristic is determinable, and the state of wear can be assessed using the Verschleisskenngrösse.

Preferably, but not necessary, in an assembly according to the invention, the signal transmitter and / or the sensor and / or the sensor module is provided in a rotating and / or stationary subcomponent of the assembly, wherein in practice the assembly often has a

Bearing arrangement in the form of a mechanical shaft bearing comprising a arranged in a stationary bearing saddle rotatable shaft, wherein the signal generator and / or the sensor and / or the sensor module

is provided for example on the rotatable shaft and / or on a bearing component of the stationary bearing saddle.

In another preferred exemplary embodiment, the assembly is a bearing arrangement in the form of an axial tilting pad bearing comprising a bearing segment arranged in a carrier body, wherein the signal transmitter and / or the sensor and / or the sensor module on the carrier body and / or on the tilting element and / or on a segment body of Tilting element is provided.

Preferably, the assembly comprises a bearing assembly with a

Mechanical seal and an axial tilting pad bearing with one in one Carrier body arranged bearing segment, wherein the bearing segment in particular comprises a tilting element with a segment body.

Moreover, the invention also relates to a turbomachine,

in particular a pump or a turbine with an assembly according to the present invention, so that the state of wear of an assembly of the turbomachine can be assessed according to a method of the invention, in particular in the operating state.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Shown schematically are: FIG. 1 a a simple schematic embodiment of a

Sensor module for carrying out the method according to the invention;

Fig. 1b an embodiment of a wireless coupled

Sensor module; FIG. 2 shows a mechanical shaft bearing according to the invention; FIG.

FIG. 3a shows an axial tilting pad bearing according to the invention; FIG.

FIG. 3b shows a carrier body of the tilting pad bearing of FIG. 3a.

With reference to FIGS. 1 a and 1 b, a simple one is intended to illustrate the functional principle of a sensor module suitable for the invention

Schematic embodiment of a sensor module will be explained briefly.

Sensor modules according to FIG. 1 a and FIG. 1 b for carrying out a

inventive method are as such from the prior art, for example, under the keyword SAW sensors (Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor) or under the German name SAW sensors (Surface wave sensors) known per se and as such not directly the subject of the present invention.

The sensor module S according to the very simple and highly schematically illustrated embodiment according to FIG. 1a comprises a piezoelectric based signal generator 2, which in the operating state, a mechanical interrogation signal 21 in the form of a mechanical

Surface wave generated with a predetermined waveform on the sensor module S. The piezoelectric signal generator 2 is fed by the signal source 200 with a corresponding electrical or electromagnetic signal. The interrogation signal 21 runs as a mechanical surface wave on the surface F of the sensor module S to the sensor 3. For example, due to a change in temperature, which has acted on the sensor module S, because, for example due to wear, the friction in a bearing assembly 1 1, 1 1 1, 1 12 has increased, to which the sensor module S is attached, the sensor module S undergoes a small change in length due to thermal expansion. As a result, the sensor module S is mechanically no longer resonantly tuned to the surface wave of the interrogation signal, whereby the response signal 31 generated by the sensor 3 via the piezoelectric effect or inverse piezoelectric effect with respect to the interrogation signal 21 follows a characteristic pattern depends on the type and degree of mechanical detuning, is changed. The response signal 31 is from the sensor 3 a

Evaluation unit 300 is supplied, with which then from the change of the response signal 31, possibly with the aid of previously

carried out calibration measurements, a Verschleisskenngrösse can be determined, and the state of wear using the

Abrasion characteristic can be assessed.

1 b shows an exemplary embodiment of a sensor module S in which the signal generator 2 simultaneously operates as a sensor 3. In the example of FIG. 1 b, the interrogation signal 21 is fed wirelessly via a radio link in the form of an oscillating electromagnetic wave into an antenna T of the sensor module S and fed to the piezoelectric signal generator 2. The piezoelectric signal generator 2 generates via the piezoelectric effect or the inverse piezoelectric effect, a mechanical surface wave that passes over the surface F of the sensor module S, at least partially reflected at the reflection centers RZ and is mirrored back to the signal generator 2, the signal generator now taking advantage of the piezoelectric effect or the inverse

piezoelectric effect as a sensor 3 operates and feeds the response signal 31 again in the antenna T, which transmits the characteristically modified response signal 31 wirelessly to an evaluation unit, in turn, the wear condition can be determined or assessed.

The principle of operation of SAW or SAW sensors, which was only sketched above, is the expert in all its different variants

well-known and can also be read in more detail in the relevant literature.

Fig. 2 shows a highly schematic representation of a known per se

Assembly 1 as a bearing assembly 1 1, here in the form of a

inventive mechanical shaft bearing 1 1 1 is executed, and in the example, two sensor modules S are provided. One of the

Sensor module S is provided in the static, non-rotating bearing saddle 1 1 1 1, while a second sensor module S in the operating state about the shaft axis A rotating shaft 1 1 12 is placed. By the

Use of two or even more sensor modules S according to FIG. 2, which are provided at different locations of the assembly 1, preferably simultaneously in rotating and non-rotating components, is, as described above in detail, inter alia a particularly reliable

Determination of the wear condition possible and also the location of the occurring wear phenomena reliable and timely detectable. Fig. 3a finally shows an inventive axial

Kippsegmentlager 1 12 a turbomachine, which is here in particular a pump. The tilting pad bearing 1 12 differs from the axial tilting pad bearings known from the prior art substantially in that in the tilting pad bearing 1 12 shown here on static and rotating components of the tilting pad bearing 1 12 sensor modules S are provided.

The axial tilting pad bearing 1 12 of FIG. 3 a comprises a carrier body 1 122 with tilting elements 1 121. On the pump shaft 1 1 12, in the

Operating state rotated about the shaft axis A, are a total of two

Carrier body 1 122 so concentrically about the pump shaft 1 1 12th

arranged that the tilting elements 1 121 and on the

Tilting elements 1 121 provided segment body 1 123 of the two

Carrier body 1 122 opposite. Between the two carrier bodies 1 122, a track disc SP is arranged, which transmits the axial pressure load in a conventional manner to the segment body 1 123.

Fig. 3b shows for clarity one of the two support body 1 122 of the axial tilting pad bearing 1 12 of FIG. 3a in more detail in detail. The segment bodies 1 123 are fastened by means of a fastening means B,

For example, by means of a nut which holds the segment body 1 123 in a groove N at an outer edge of the segment body 1 123, the carrier body 1 122 movably supported.

According to the present invention are in the special

Embodiment of Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b, a plurality of sensor modules S provided, which, as can be seen, both on the rotating in the operating state pump shaft 1 1 12, and on the wheel disc SP and in the present example even in addition to three segment bodies 1 123 are provided at the same distance, so that occurring

Wear phenomena optimal and timely detectable and also in the Tilting pad bearings 1 12 are localized. The sensor modules S are preferred, but not necessary, in the corresponding component

incorporated, e.g. provided in a corresponding recess or e.g. also poured into the material of the component, so that the

Sensor modules S do not interfere with the interaction of the components involved in the operating state.

It is understood that all embodiments of the invention described in the context of this application are to be understood by way of example only and by way of example and that the invention is particularly, but not exclusively, all

suitable combinations of the described embodiments includes, as well as simple developments of the invention, which also give the expert without further inventive step also informal.

Claims

Patent claims

Method for assessing a wear condition of an assembly (1, 1 1, 1 1 1, 1 12) of a turbomachine, in particular a bearing arrangement (1 1, 1 1 1, 1 12) of a pump or turbine, wherein a wear parameter is determined by means of a signal transmitter ( 2) a mechanical interrogation signal (21) is generated with a predeterminable signal form, and a response signal generated from the interrogation signal (21) with a sensor (3) in contact with the module (1, 1 1, 1 1 1, 1 12). (31) is detected, characterized in that the response signal (31) is changed according to a characteristic pattern depending on a variation of a physical operating variable of the assembly (1, 1 1, 1 1 1, 1 12), from the change in the response signal (31) the

Wear parameter is determined, and the state of wear is assessed using the wear parameter.

Method according to claim 1, wherein the signal transmitter (2) and the sensor (3) are integrated in a sensor module (S).

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Signal transmitter

(2) additionally as a sensor

(3) is used to detect the response signal.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Query signal (21) to the signal transmitter (2) wirelessly from a signal source (200) is transmitted and / or the response signal (31) is transmitted wirelessly to an evaluation unit (300).

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Signal generator (2) and / or the sensor (3) and / or the sensor module (S) comprise a piezoelectric material, in particular a piezoelectric single crystal.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

physical operating variable is a temperature, a pressure, a force, a torque, a speed, a flow of a fluid medium and / or a spatial or temporal distribution of these variables.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Signal generator (2) and / or the sensor (3) and / or the sensor module (S) is provided in a rotating subcomponent of the assembly and / or on a stationary subcomponent of the assembly (1, 1 1, 1 1 1, 1 12). .

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Bearing arrangement (1 1) is a mechanical shaft bearing (1 1 1) comprising a rotatable shaft (1 1 12) arranged in a stationary bearing saddle (1 1 1 1).

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Bearing arrangement (1 1) is an axial tilting segment bearing (1 12) comprising a tilting element (1 121) with a segment body (1 123) arranged in a support body (1 122).

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Turbomachine (1) is controlled and / or regulated using the response signal (31).

1 1 . Assembly of a turbomachine, in particular bearing arrangement (1 1, 1 1 1, 1 12) of a pump or turbine, for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that to determine a wear parameter on the assembly

Signal generator (2) is provided for generating a mechanical interrogation signal (21), and a sensor (3) in contact with the assembly is provided for detecting a signal generated from the interrogation signal (21).

Response signal is provided, so that a change in the

Response signal (31) a wear parameter can be determined, and the state of wear can be assessed using the wear parameter.

12. Assembly according to claim 1 1, wherein the signal generator (2) and / or the sensor (3) and / or the sensor module (S) is provided in a rotating and / or on a stationary subcomponent of the assembly.

13. Assembly according to one of claims 1 1 or 12, wherein the assembly comprises a bearing arrangement (1 1) in the form of a mechanical shaft bearing (1 1 1) in a stationary bearing saddle (1 1 1 1).

arranged rotatable shaft (1 1 12), wherein the signal generator (2) and / or the sensor (3) and / or the sensor module (S) on the rotatable shaft (1 1 12) and / or on a bearing component of the stationary bearing saddle (1 1 1 1) is provided.

14. Assembly according to one of claims 1 1 to 13, wherein the assembly is a bearing arrangement (1 1) in the form of an axial tilting segment bearing (1 12) comprising a bearing segment (1 121) arranged in a support body (1 122), wherein the signal generator (2) and/or the sensor (3) and/or the sensor module (S) on the support body (1 122) and/or on the tilting element (1 121) and/or on a segment body (1 123) of the tilting element (1 121) is provided.

15. Turbomachine, in particular a pump or turbine with a

Assembly according to one of claims 1 1 to 14 for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 10.