EP2986718A1 - Mutants thermosensibles de virus influenza - Google Patents
Mutants thermosensibles de virus influenzaInfo
- Publication number
- EP2986718A1 EP2986718A1 EP14723482.7A EP14723482A EP2986718A1 EP 2986718 A1 EP2986718 A1 EP 2986718A1 EP 14723482 A EP14723482 A EP 14723482A EP 2986718 A1 EP2986718 A1 EP 2986718A1
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- Prior art keywords
- influenza
- amino acid
- mutation
- virus
- protein
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to thermosensitive mutants of influenza virus.
- Influenza viruses influenza agents are among the major respiratory pathogens of humans and animals. There are three types of influenza viruses: A, B and C, the first two, and in particular influenza A being the most important from the point of view of human pathology, because of its frequency and the potential gravity of the associated pathologies.
- Influenza viruses belong to the family of
- Orthomyxoviridae They have a segmented negative single-stranded RNA genome, consisting of 8 segments in influenza A and B, and 7 segments in influenza C.
- segments 1, 2, and 3 respectively encode 3 subunits of the dependent RNA RNA polymerase: the 2 acid subunits PB2 and PB1, and the acid subunit AP;
- segment 4 encodes one of 2 surface glycoproteins, 1 hemagglutinin HA;
- segment 5 codes for NP nucleoprotein, which associates with viral RNAs to form the nucleocapsid;
- segment 6 codes for the other surface glycoprotein, neuraminidase NA;
- Segment 7 codes for M1 and M2 template proteins, and Segment 8 for NSI and NS2 nonstructural proteins.
- HE hemagglutinin esterase
- the most commonly marketed type of vaccine is the inactivated vaccine, based on viruses grown on embryonated chicken eggs, and then chemically inactivated. More recently, live attenuated vaccines have been developed from donor viral strains presenting mutations that attenuate their pathogenicity.
- the vaccine strains are so-called "reassortant" viruses, whose 6 internal genes are those of the donor strain, and the 2 genes ⁇ and NA are those of the viral strain against which it is desired to induce protection.
- Live attenuated vaccines which are administered intranasally, have the advantage of simulating the natural infection, and allow to induce a local and systemic immune response.
- Attenuated live vaccines were initially developed from so-called “cold-adapted” donor strains, obtained by a series of passages in culture at 25 ° C. The resulting mutants were found to have a particular phenotype, associating cold adaptation (CA) for: “cold adaptation”, thermosensitivity (ts), and attenuation of virulence (att).
- CA associating cold adaptation
- Thermosensitivity is a very interesting feature for obtaining live attenuated vaccines. Indeed, heat-sensitive mutants are able to multiply normally at temperatures corresponding to those found in the upper respiratory tract of infected animals (usually 30 to 33 ° C depending on the temperature of the inhaled air), and thus allow initiation of a mucosal and serum immune response; on the other hand, their thermosensitivity limits their replication in the lower respiratory tract and the lungs.
- thermosensitivity limits their replication in the lower respiratory tract and the lungs.
- CA A / Ann Arbor / 6/60 strain or the ACB / Ann Arbor / 1 / ⁇ strain which are used as donor strains in the attenuated FluMist TM vaccine: the first of these strains.
- thermosensitivity and / or attenuation of its pathogenicity JIN et al., Virology, 306, 18-24, 2003
- the introduction of these mutations into the A / Puerto Rico / 8/34 strain genome has resulted in the thermosensitive phenotype of the caA / Ann Arbor / 6/60 strain (JIN et al., Journal of Virology).
- thermosensitive mutants are also very useful tools for the study of the viral cycle.
- the study of a thermosensitive mutant in the protein Non-structural NSI has shown that this protein was involved in a late event of viral morphogenesis (GARAIGORTA et al., J Virol, 79, 15246-57, 2005).
- GAAAIGORTA et al. J Virol, 79, 15246-57, 2005.
- thermosensitive mutation in the NP nucleoprotein has made it possible to identify the role played by NP in the formation of infectious particles (NOTON et al., J Virol, 83, 562-71, 2009).
- the inventors have undertaken the identification of other mutations that can confer a thermosensitive phenotype on influenza viruses, and have particularly focused on the viral polymerase, and in particular the PA subunit.
- the influenza virus-dependent RNA polymerase RNA is a heterotrimer consisting of an acid subunit, PA, and two basic subunits, PB1 and PB2 (for review, see BOIVIN et al., J Biol Chem, 285). , 28411-7, 2010). These subunits are encoded by the three longest segments of the viral genome. In combination with the NP and NS2 proteins (ROBB et al., J Gen Virol, 90, 1398-407, 2009), these three subunits provide transcription and replication of the viral genome.
- PB1 which is coded by segment 2 constitutes the catalytic subunit of the polymerase, and contains the characteristic motifs of the dependent RNA polymerase RNAs (POCH et al., EMBO J, 8, 3867-74, 1989, MULLER et al. - J Gen Virol, 75 (Pt 6), 1345-52, 1994).
- Two minor segment 2 translation products have also been described: one resulting from an internal initiation codon, and producing an N-terminal truncated PBl form, and the other resulting from a frame shift. reading and producing a form called PB1-F2 which is associated with the virulence of certain strains (WISE et al., J.
- the PB2 subunit, encoded by segment 1 is involved in capping at the 5 'end of host cell messenger RNAs (BLAAS et al., Nucleic Acids Res, 10, 4803-12, 1982, Olmanen et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 78, 7355-9, 1981). This cap will then be cleaved to be used as a primer to initiate the synthesis of viral RNAs.
- the subunit PA encoded by segment 3, is 716 amino acids in length in influenza A, 726 amino acids in influenza B, 709 amino acids in influenza C; it contains two structurally well-defined domains: an N-terminal domain (amino acids 1-196 in influenza A, 1-195 in influenza B, 1-178 in influenza C) and a C-terminal domain (amino acids 258-716 in influenza A, 255-726 in influenza B, 239-709 in influenza C). These two domains are separated by a hinge region of 60 amino acids.
- the N-terminal domain of the PA subunit is related to the PD- (D / E) XK nuclease family (DIAS et al., Nature, 458, 914-8, 2009, YUAN et al., Nature, 458).
- the C-terminal domain binds to the first 15 residues of the PB1 subunit, and is assumed to be involved in the transcription of viral RNA: it has been observed that a substitution in this domain (His ⁇ "Ala at position 510 of PA) strongly inhibited this transcription, without affecting viral replication (FODOR et al., J Virol , 76, 8989-9001, 2002).
- Segment 3 contains a second open reading frame accessible by ribosomal shift (JAGGER et al., Science, 337, 199-204, 2012).
- the resulting translation product, called PA-X contains the endonuclease domain, followed by a C-terminal domain of 61 residues, encoded by the ORF X, and intervenes in the repression of the expression of the genes of the cell. host.
- ORF X overlaps with a large part of the reading frame coding for the hinge separating the endonuclease domain from the PB1 binding domain of PA.
- frame 0 corresponds to PA protein, and frame 1 to PA-X;
- the complete polypeptide sequences of the PA subunits of influenza A virus (strain A / WSN / 1933 (H1N1); GenBank ACF54605.1), B (B strain / Ann Arbor / 1/1986; GenBank ABF21265 .1), and C (strain C / Ann Arbor / 1/50, GenBank YP ___ Q89654.1) are respectively represented in the attached sequence listing under the numbers SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, and 3. Sequences of the regions hinges shown in Figure 1 correspond respectively to amino acids 197-257 of SEQ ID NO: 1, amino acids 196-254 of SEQ ID NO: 2, and amino acids 179-238 of SEQ ID NO: 3.
- influenza virus polymerase mutations conferring a heat-sensitive phenotype have been identified at the PB1 and PB2 subunits.
- PA subunit in addition to the V431M mutation, located in the PB1 binding domain in the B / Ann Arbor / 1/66 strain, two other mutations conferring a heat-sensitive phenotype have recently been identified in influenza A: one (L226P) is located in the hinge region (KAWAGUCHI et al., J Virol, 79, 732-44, 2005), and the other (F35S) in the endonuclease domain (ZHANG et al., Virology Journal, 9, 97, 2012).
- the inventors have now made various synthetic mutations in the influenza genes, all localized in a flexible region of the corresponding protein, such as for example the region 197-225 in influenza A (corresponding to region 196-222 of the subtype).
- PA unit in influenza B, and in the region of PA subunit 179-205 in influenza C) conferring on the viral strains that carry them a thermosensitive phenotype.
- a synthetic mutation as opposed to a natural or induced mutation, is defined herein as a mutation not previously identified in a thermosensitive strain of influenza virus.
- a region that does not have a stable secondary structure is defined as a flexible region of a protein.
- This region can be defined from the atomic structure of the protein, when it has been characterized.
- the structure of the influenza NP protein strain A / WSN / 1933 (H1N1) ⁇ is described in Ye et al., Nature, 444, 1078-1082, 2006).
- the atomic structure of the protein is not known, it is possible to determine the secondary structure of the protein or of a region of this protein by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, the analysis of circular dichroism.
- a heat-sensitive mutant of an influenza virus is defined here as a mutant whose maximum permissive temperature (that is, the temperature up to which it can normally replicate) is lower than that of the wild-type virus of which it is from. Below the maximum permissive temperature, this thermosensitive mutant has a replication similar to that of the wild virus from which it is derived; above the maximum permissive temperature, its replication is reduced by at least 2 times, preferably at least 5 times, advantageously at least 10 times, and quite preferably at least 100 times compared to the wild virus from which it is derived.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore a method for preparing a thermosensitive mutant of an influenza virus, characterized in that at least one synthetic mutation is introduced into a region of a gene of said virus corresponding to a flexible region. of the protein encoded by said gene, and said mutation generating a thermosensitive mutant of said virus.
- one or more mutations are introduced into one or more regions of one or more genes of said influenza virus, preferably said mutations induce the substitution or the deletion of an amino acid.
- said mutation (s) are introduced into any viral protein (PA, PB1, PB2, HA, NA, HE, NP, Ml, M2, NSI, NS2).
- the mutation or mutations are localized in a gene coding for a protein associated with the replicative complex, that is to say the PA, PB1, PB2 or NP protein, preferably the protein. PA or NP.
- the mutation (s) in the PA gene are preferably localized in the region of the gene coding for the PA protein corresponding to the region 197-257 of the influenza A virus PA protein.
- the mutation (s) in the coding gene. for the PA subunit of the polymerase of said virus are located in the region of said gene coding for the region of the PA subunit corresponding to the region 197-225 of the PA subunit of influenza A.
- said mutation (s) are chosen from: a mutation resulting in the substitution of the amino acid corresponding to position 210 of the PA subunit of influenza A, by an amino acid other than a threonine, preferably an amino acid chosen from proline, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine and arginine and most preferably by proline;
- Influenza A PA with an amino acid other than an arginine or a lysine, preferably an amino acid selected from proline, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and most preferably proline;
- a mutation resulting in the substitution of the amino acid corresponding to position 216 of the PA subunit of influenza A, by an amino acid other than an asparagine or an aspartic acid preferably an amino acid chosen from proline, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, lysine and arginine, and most preferably proline;
- this amino acid will be chosen from alanine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, valine, tryptophan, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine.
- influenza A among proline, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, and the like; tyrosine in the case of influenza B; and among alanine, proline, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, tryptophan, and tyrosine in the case of influenza C; most preferably it will be alanine in the case of influenza A, proline in the case of influenza B, and alanine or proline in the case of influenza VS ;
- this amino acid will be chosen from proline, alanine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, valine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine and arginine in the case of influenza A; among proline, alanine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophan, and tyrosine in the case of influenza B; and among alanine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine
- Influenza A PA by an amino acid other than a phenylalanine, preferably an amino acid selected from alanine, proline, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine, and most preferably alanine or proline.
- an amino acid other than a phenylalanine preferably an amino acid selected from alanine, proline, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine, and most preferably alanine or proline.
- a mutation resulting in the substitution of the amino acid corresponding to the position 225 of the PA subunit of influenza A, by an amino acid other than a serine in the case of influenza A, an asparagine in the case influenza B, and threonine in the case of influenza C preferably an amino acid selected from alanine, proline, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, arginine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, valine, and tryptophan in the case of influenza A; among alanine, proline, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, arginine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, valine, and the like.
- tryptophan in the case of influenza B and among alanine, proline, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine and arginine in the case of influenza C, and all preferably by alanine or proline.
- 208, 209, 210, 213, 216, 219, 221, 222, 223 and 225 of the PA subunit of influenza A polymerase are respectively located at positions 204, 205, 206, 207, 210, 213, 216 , 218, 219, 220 and 222 of the PA subunit of polymerase of influenza B virus, and positions 187, 188, 189, 190, 193, 196, 199, 201, 202, 203 and 205 of the influenza C virus polymerase.
- Particularly preferred mutations in the PA gene are those inducing the substitution of at least one of the amino acids corresponding to positions 210, 216, 219, 221, 222, 223 and 225 and most preferably at least one of the amino acids corresponding to positions 216 and 219 of said PA subunit in influenza A.
- Other particularly preferred mutations in the PA gene are those inducing the deletion of at least one of the amino acids corresponding to the positions 207, 208, 209 or 210 of the influenza A protein PA,
- the mutation (s) in the NP gene are preferably localized in the region of the gene coding for the NP protein corresponding to region 73 to 92, 203 to 212, 230 and 231, 297 to 301, 429 to 436 or 490 to 498 of the NP protein of the influenza A virus.
- said mutations are localized in one of said regions of the gene coding for the NP protein of an influenza A virus or in the region of the gene encoding the NP protein of a virus.
- influenza B corresponding to the region 203 to 212 of the NP protein of influenza A.
- Preferred mutations in the NP gene are those that induce the deletion or substitution of at least one of the amino acids corresponding to position 205, 206, 209, 210 or 211 of the influenza A NP protein.
- the substitution is for example, the replacement of the amino acid at position 206 or 210 with an alanine or a proline, preferably a proline.
- the substitution is the replacement of the amino acid at position 205, 209 or 211 by a proline.
- Amino acids corresponding to positions 73 to 92, 203 to 212, 230 and 231, 297 to 301, 429 to 436 and 490 to 498 of the NP protein of influenza A are respectively located at positions 125 to 147, 264 to 270, 288 and 289, 454 to 457, 485 to 492, 553 to 560 of the NP protein of influenza B virus, and positions 66 to 87, 207 to 216, 234 and 235, 409 to 412, 440 to 447, 530 to 537 of the NP protein of influenza C.
- substitutions or a deletion in said virus are advantageously introduced, such as, for example, the substitutions D216P and T210P or one of the deletions d207, d208, d209 or d210 in PA.
- the mutation is chosen so that to obtain the desired codon substitution, several nucleotides of said codon are changed. It is also possible to introduce several mutations, one of which is a deletion to reduce the frequency of revertants.
- One or more of the mutations according to the invention described above can optionally be combined with other mutations, in order to further improve the phenotypic properties of the mutated virus in the context of a vaccine use. for example in order to increase its thermosensitivity and / or to increase the attenuation of its virulence.
- These mutations can be localized in other regions of the PA subunit, and / or in one or more of the other viral proteins, in particular PB1, PB2, NP or NSI.
- a mutation according to the invention may be introduced into the genome of an influenza A or B strain, preferably an attenuated strain, such as strain A / Ann Arbor / 6/60, or B / Ann Arbor. / 1/66 mentioned above.
- the mutations according to the invention can not generally be combined with certain additional mutations called reversion that have been identified by the inventors. Indeed, these mutations of reversion compensate the phenotypic effects of the mutations according to the invention, and therefore result in the total or partial restoration of a wild type phenotype.
- one of these mutations localized on the codon 377 of the PA gene induces the substitution of a glutamic acid with lysine in the interaction domain of PA to PB1 and the other localized on codon 20 of the PA gene induces the substitution of an alanine for threonine in the endonuclease of PA;
- thermosensitive virus having the T210P substitution is localized on the codon 287 of the PB1 gene, and induces the substitution of an arginine for methionine; in the thermosensitive mutant D216P, this R287M substitution induces only a partial reversion to the wild-type phenotype.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out using conventional techniques for producing recombinant influenza virus by reverse genetics. These techniques are well known in themselves to those skilled in the art (see for example (NEUMANN & KAWAOKA, Virology, 287, 243-50, 2001, FODOR et al., Journal of Virology, 73, 9679-82, 1999, JACKSON et al., Journal of General Virology, 92, 1-17, 2011; NEUMANN et al., Influenza Virus: Methods and Protocols, 865, 193-206, 2012; ZHOU & WENTWORTH, Methods Mol Biol, 865, 175-92, 2012; LeGoff et al., PLoS One., 2012, 7 (8) e37095).
- the subject of the present invention is also the mutant recombinant influenza viruses obtained by a process according to the invention. These viruses are characterized in that they contain at least one mutation according to the invention as defined above, in particular a mutation in the gene encoding the PA subunit of the polymerase. Mutant recombinant influenza viruses according to the invention can be used in particular as donor strains for obtaining live attenuated influenza vaccines. The reassortant viruses obtained from these donor strains, as well as live attenuated vaccines containing these reassortant viruses are also part of the subject of the present invention.
- the viral strains A / WSN / 1933 (H1N1) and A (H1N1) pdm09 were used as a carrier to carry out the mutations in PA.
- DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium
- FCS fetal calf serum
- Plasmids mutated in the PA or NP gene were constructed using the "QuickChange mutagenesis kit” (Stratagene) kit to mutate the codons of the flexible regions of the corresponding protein. The introduced mutations were confirmed by sequencing the generated plasmids.
- the plasmid pPolI-WSN-NA-luciferase produces an RNA similar to the viral RNA of segment 6, in which the region coding for neuraminidase is replaced by the coding sequence for firefly luciferase.
- the viruses used were generated by reverse genetics.
- the mutants from strain A / WSN / 1933 (H1N1) were generated from plasmids carrying the 8 genomic segments of strain A / WSN / 1933 (H1N1), and 4 plasmids encoding the 4 proteins of the replication (PA, PB1, PB2 and NP), using the protocol described by (FODOR et al., Journal of Virology, 73, 9679-82, 1999). These plasmids were used to transfect co-cultures of 293T and MDCK cells. 48 hours after transfection, viruses were harvested, and used to inoculate MDCK cells for viral stock production.
- Mutants from strain A (H1N1) pdm09 were generated using the reverse genetics system of influenza A (H1N1) virus pdm09 described in LeGoff et al., PLoS One, 2012, 7 (8): e37095.
- the PA genes of the obtained viruses were sequenced to confirm the presence of the desired mutations and the absence of undesired mutations. Viral replication trials:
- MDCK cells were infected at 33 ° C, 37 ° C and 39.5 ° C, with the wild-type WSN virus or each of the PA mutants, at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01.
- culture supernatants were harvested, and viral titer was determined on MDCK cell plates.
- 293T cells grown in P96 plate wells were transfected with plasmids derived from the plasmid pcDNA3 (Invitrogen) and expressing the PB1, PB2, NP and PA proteins (wild type or mutants) and the plasmid pPolI-WSN-NA
- the amounts of plasmid for transfection were 50 ⁇ g / well for pcDNA3-PA and pcDNA3-PA mutated, pcDNA3-PBl and pcDNA3-PB2, 85 ⁇ g / well for pcDNA-NP and 133 ⁇ g / well for pPolI.
- the plasmid pRSV- ⁇ -Gal (Promega) was cotransfected (50 ⁇ g / well) and the assay of ⁇ -Gal activity used as internal control and normalization of transfection efficiency.
- As a negative control the 293T cells were transfected with the same plasmids, with the exception of that expressing PA. After transfection, the cells were incubated at 33 ° C. or 39.5 ° C. for 48 h and then lysed. and luciferase activity in the lysate was measured in the presence of luciferin, luciferase substrate, using a TECAN luminometer, following the manufacturer's instructions.
- the mice were euthanized and their blood drawn.
- Influenza A specific antibodies were tested by ELISA in the individual sera of mice infected with the mutant viruses Influenza A virus antigen (200 ng per well in 100 ⁇ l of 0.1 M carbonate / bicarbonate buffer pH 9.5) was deposited in titration microplates (Immulon 2HB, Thermolabsystems), then the plates were incubated overnight at 4 ° C. Plates were washed five times with 0.05% Tween® 20 PBS between each step of the assay. After the antigen adsorption step, the residual protein binding sites were saturated with PBS-T-FCS buffer. (5% FCS in PBS 0.05% Tween® 20) for one hour at 37 ° C.
- the samples were successively diluted 3: 3 in PBS-T-FCS buffer starting with a 1:30 dilution and then distributed into the plates which were incubated for 2 h at 37 ° C.
- Antigen-bound antibodies were detected using horseradish peroxidade-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgH + L antibody (PARIS, Ing / mL) incubated for 1 hr at 37 ° C.
- the TMB substrate (Kirkegaard & Perry Laboratories Inc.) was added for 10 minutes, then the reaction was stopped by the addition of 1M phosphoric acid. Absorbance was measured at 450 nm with an ELISA plate reader (Dynex, MRX Revelation).
- Mutant viruses with or without modifications of the ribosomal reading frame shift pattern, were thus generated.
- the 3 mutants defined by substitutions and remaining could not be produced, suggesting that the corresponding mutations (L214P, S218P, and E237P) are lethal to the virus.
- Deletion mutants with a deletion at position 205, 206, 211 and 212 could not be produced, suggesting that the corresponding mutations (d205, d206, d211 and d212) are lethal to the virus.
- substitution mutations performed are shown in Figure 2A.
- the amino acid sequence of the hinge domain of influenza A PA, and the residues conserved between viruses A, B, and C are indicated.
- the positions chosen for the substitution mutations are indicated by dark gray squares.
- Substitutions conferring a thermosensitive phenotype are indicated by a light gray square.
- Substitutions that did not allow the production of viruses are indicated by a black square, and substitutions that do not confer a thermosensitive phenotype on the viruses produced are indicated by a white square.
- mutants d207, d208, d209 and d210 are illustrated in Figure 2C.
- Mutants d207, d208, d209 and d210 show marked thermosensitivity. These deletion mutants have more pronounced lytic activity at 33 ° C than at 37 ° C and 39.5 ° C.
- thermosensitivity of mutants MDCK viral replication assays were performed at 37 ° C and 39.5 ° C for T210P, K213P, D216P, F223P, L226P and E227P viruses, as well as at 33 ° C. ° C, 37 ° C and 39.5 ° C for viruses L219P and d209.
- Viral production in Plate Forming Units (PFU) / ml was quantified at different times after infection (MOI 0.01). The results are illustrated in Figure 3 (A: T210P virus, K213P, D216P, F223P, L226P and E227P; B; L219P virus) and Figure 4 (d209).
- All the mutants have at 37 ° C replication kinetics similar to that of the wild-type WSN, except for the mutant F223P and L219P whose replication appears slowed down. At 39.5 ° C, replication is slowed for all mutants, except for E227P, relative to wild-type virus. This inhibition of the replication appears moderate for K213P and L226P for which 56 hours after infection is observed a virus titre equivalent to that observed with the wild-type virus. On the other hand, it is important for T210P, D216P and d209, and even a complete block of replication is observed in the case of mutants F223P and L219P.
- thermosensitive phenotype appears much more marked in the case of proline substitutions than in the case of alanine substitutions.
- thermosensitive phenotype can also be obtained with deletions of a codon.
- EXAMPLE 2 POLYMERASE ACTIVITY OF REPLICATION COMPLEXES CONTAINING A MUTED PA PROTEIN
- luciferase production reflects the transcription and replication activity of the replication complex formed by these proteins.
- FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 These results represent the mean luciferase activity (+/- standard deviation), measured on 3 experiments, and normalized with respect to the ⁇ -galactosidase activity.
- Mutants carrying proline substitution always show greater effects on the replicative capacity as their counterparts substituted with alanine. Almost all mutations have a lesser effect at 33 ° C than at 37 ° C and 39.5 ° C, suggesting that the conformation of the PA hinge region influences polymerase activity. In contrast to all other proline-substituted mutants, the E227P mutant shows similar activity at 33 ° C, 37 ° C and 39.5 ° C, consistent with the lack of heat sensitivity of the virus carrying the same mutation.
- thermosensitive viral phenotype 210P, 213P, 216P, 221A, 222P, 223P, 226P, d207, d208, d209 and d210
- d207, d208, d209 and d210 show an effective polymerase activity at 33 ° C, and a lower activity at 39.5. ° C, and even at 37 ° C.
- the d207 mutation induces a thermosensitive viral phenotype and shows a very low polymerase activity at 33 ° C, as well as at 37 ° C and 39.5 ° C.
- mutant viruses The pathogenicity of mutant viruses relative to wild-type virus was evaluated in mice, following intranasal administration of the tested viruses, by monitoring the weight curve and predicting mortality.
- the WSN virus induces marked weight loss while the two mutant viruses cause no weight loss.
- the L219P mutant still has no effect on the weight of the infected animals.
- the WSN and D216P viruses induced rapid weight loss and the L219P mutant had transient weight loss.
- the lethal dose (LD 50), based on the prediction of death or survival of the animals, is estimated at 3.5 (in log of plaque units) for the wild-type virus,> 6 for the mutant L219P, and 5.5 for D216P.
- thermosensitive phenotype is accompanied by an attenuation of the pathogenicity, particularly important in the case of the L219P virus.
- thermosensitive phenotype (ts) of the mutations identified can be expressed in another genetic background
- the D216P mutation was introduced into the genomic segment PA of the A (H1N1) pdmO9 virus, using a reverse genetics system previously described. (LeGoff et al., PLoS One, 2012, 7 (8): e370952012).
- a mutant virus carrying the D216P mutation was produced (HINlp (2009) -D216P). Cell culture replication properties of the mutant virus were examined by plate titration of MDCK cells. The results obtained are illustrated in FIG. 8.
- the D216P mutation induces an ts phenotype in the A (H1N1) pdm09 virus.
- HINlp (2009) -D216P virus does not lyse or lyse MDCK cells at 37 ° C and 39.5 ° C, it has a lytic efficiency comparable to that of wild-type virus HlNlp (2009) at 33 ° C. vs. These results demonstrate that this ts character can be expressed on other strains than the WSN virus.
- EXAMPLE 5 INDUCTION OF ANTI-INFLUENZA ANTIBODIES BY MUTANT VIRUSES
- thermosensitive mutants D216P and L219P are highly attenuated and capable of inducing an effective antibody response.
- EXAMPLE 6 CORRELATION BETWEEN THE THERMOSENSITIVE PHENOTYPE OF MUTANTS OF INFLUENZA AND THE INTRODUCTION OF MUTATION IN A FLEXIBLE DOMAIN OF AN INFLUENZA PROTEIN
- thermosensitive mutant virus The correlation between the introduction of a mutation in a flexible zone of an influenza protein and the obtaining of a thermosensitive mutant virus has been studied on two different proteins of influenza, PA and NP.
- influenza A / WSN / 1933 (H1N1) influenza PA protein (amino acids 197 to 256) was expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity, according to standard protocols for the expression and purification of recombinant proteins. in E. coli.
- the secondary structure of this region has been analyzed in circular dichroism. The spectrum obtained shows the absence of stable secondary structure on this segment (FIG. 10).
- NP domains of the NP protein have been identified from the atomic structure of the previously described WSN NP protein (Ye et al., Nature, 444, 1078-82, 2006). NP domains appeared unstructured in the crystal: the positions of residues 73 to 92, 203 to 212, 230 and 231, 297 to 301, 429 to 436 and 490 to 498 are not defined. Substitutions for alanine codons were made on residues 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 209, 210 and 211, as described in Example 1. Mutant viruses could be isolated for mutations 205, 206, 209, 210 and 211. Mutant viruses D203A, R204A and W207A could not be produced.
- the cell culture replication properties of the mutant viruses that could be obtained were examined by MDCK cell plate titration.
- Two mutants, F206A and E210A have an ts phenotype. The results are illustrated in Figure 11.
- the F206A and E210A mutations induce a ts phenotype in the WSN virus.
- the NP-F206A and NP-E2101A viruses do not lyse or lyse MDCK cells at 39.5 ° C, they have a lytic efficiency comparable to WN wild-type virus at 33 ° C.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR1353543A FR3004726A1 (fr) | 2013-04-18 | 2013-04-18 | Mutants thermosensibles de virus influenza |
| PCT/IB2014/060840 WO2014170878A1 (fr) | 2013-04-18 | 2014-04-18 | Mutants thermosensibles de virus influenza |
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