EP2984441A1 - Tamping cartridge for mining - Google Patents

Tamping cartridge for mining

Info

Publication number
EP2984441A1
EP2984441A1 EP13724022.2A EP13724022A EP2984441A1 EP 2984441 A1 EP2984441 A1 EP 2984441A1 EP 13724022 A EP13724022 A EP 13724022A EP 2984441 A1 EP2984441 A1 EP 2984441A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tamping
plastic
cartridge
mining
properties
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13724022.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2984441B1 (en
Inventor
Kamil GÓRSKI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Przedsiebiorstwo Produkcyino Handlowo Usluzgowe
Original Assignee
Przedsiebiorstwo Produkcyino Handlowo Usluzgowe
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Przedsiebiorstwo Produkcyino Handlowo Usluzgowe filed Critical Przedsiebiorstwo Produkcyino Handlowo Usluzgowe
Publication of EP2984441A1 publication Critical patent/EP2984441A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2984441B1 publication Critical patent/EP2984441B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F42D1/20—Tamping cartridges, i.e. cartridges containing tamping material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F42D1/24—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor characterised by the tamping material

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a tamping cartridge used for packing shot holes, particularly in mining.
  • Known tamping cartridges used for packing shot holes and fixing explosives in shot holes drilled in rock mass, and also for securing explosives against displacement and slipping out have the form of cylindrical and tightly closed containers enclosed in a sheath, with the inside filled in with a mineral plastic material, for example clay, sand, water or a mixture of binding and/or plasticizing and gelling agents.
  • a mineral plastic material for example clay, sand, water or a mixture of binding and/or plasticizing and gelling agents.
  • Polish patent no. PL130369 a tamping cartridge for blocking the position of an explosive in a shot hole, having a fully metallic structure, with a radially and axially displaceable side wall, with displacement achieved by means of slideably interconnected conical elements and identical rings forming a bellows structure.
  • Polish patent no. PL175961 a tamping cartridge in the form of a tube made of formed plastic mass containing a mixture of magnesium, calcium oxide, silicon oxide and plasticizing and gelling agents, enclosed in a thin flexible sheath.
  • Tamping cartridges described by way of examples are used mainly in mining of minerals by blasting, as this is where relatively short holes are drilled in longwall, where an explosive is placed and blocked effectively by a tamping cartridge to prevent material ejection through this hole during an explosion.
  • Problems occur when very long (several or dozen meter long) holes are made in roofs or longwalls in order to decompress and relax rock mass in the conditions posing a risk of rockburst, roof fall, methane explosion or in order to loosen compact or unmineable rock.
  • tamping cartridges as described in patent document PL 175961 are used.
  • using such cartridges is always connected with difficult movement of these cartridges along the long hole until they reach an explosive at its bottom. While moving and ramming such a cartridge, it often gets damaged or torn even before reaching an explosive, thus creating a blockage.
  • a tamping cartridge structure for sealing especially long shot holes in the form of a long tubular shape enclosed in an external sheath filled in with plastic material, e.g. clay, sand, water or a mixture of binding and plasticizing and gelling agent, where the external sheath of the cartridge is composed of multiple layers and consists of, consecutively from the outside, a first paper layer, advantageously normal sulfite paper, class III of a grammage of up to 90g/m 2 and a thickness of up to 0.2 mm, a second glue layer, a third antistatic polyethylene foil layer of a thickness of 0.1 to 0.3 mm and stretchability of 150% to 250%, favorably 200%, a fourth glue layer and a fifth paper layer.
  • a foil layer can be replaced with barrier paper saturated with moisture impervious material, and additionally, there can be an additional sixth layer of glue and a seventh layer of paper in between the fourth and the fifth layer.
  • Tamping cartridges for fixing blasting explosives are filled in with a plastic material, physical and usage properties of which are adjustable to a broad extent. Given the fact that a tamping cartridge must be characterized by appropriate stiffness and elasticity, specific deformability, moderate load flow properties having a decisive impact on retaining a cartridge shape in a shot hole, shot hole filling and no tendency for displacement with simultaneous deformability while fixing in a shot hole, it has been found that for practical reasons tamping cartridges filled in with a material having specific rheological properties are particularly favorable. Such rheological properties as load flow, plasticity and elasticity make it possible to explicitly define the consistency and usage properties of mineral materials used as fillers for tamping cartridges. These properties, to a large extent, depend on multiple factors such as filler grain distribution and specific filler fractions content, and also moisture content.
  • Liquidity index (l L ) is a measure of plastic properties of a mineral filler of a tamping cartridge, indicating how much moisture is absorbed by this material while transforming from semi-solid to liquid state, that is it defines a moisture range in which said material has plastic properties.
  • Liquid limit (w L ) represents moisture of a plastic mineral filler of a tamping cartridge, at the boundary between soft and liquid state. It is assumed that liquid limit represents water content of material at which a groove made in a paste of this soil and put in the cup of the Casagrande's liquid limit device closes the flow at the length of 10 mm and height of 1 mm in 25 blows in the measurement conditions as defined in Polish standard PN-88/B-04481.
  • Plastic limit (W P ) stands for the value of stress at which irreversible plastic deformations occur. It is a measure of moisture content of a material at the boundary between semi-solid and stiff state. With this moisture, a thread made of this material, while rolling on the palm, breaks after reaching a diameter of 3 mm or, when lifted by one end, breaks apart.
  • the area between elastic limit and plastic limit represents an area of partial elasticity (or partial plasticity). Plastic limit is often connected with material strength.
  • Plasticity index (l L ) is a measure of plastic properties of a mineral filler of a tamping cartridge, indicating how much moisture is absorbed by this material while transforming from semi-solid to liquid state, so it defines a moisture range in which said material has plastic properties.
  • the present invention refers to a tamping cartridge in the form of a cylinder or a cone with an external, at least single-layer closed sheath filled in with a mass of moist fine mineral plastic material, with 67 % to 99 % by weight of a grain fraction from 0.5 um to 5 mm, up to 11% by weight of grain fraction of over 5 mm and a natural moisture (W n ) from 3% to 63 %, and liquidity index (l L ) not higher than 0.300 and plasticity index (l P ) from 20% to 25 %.
  • a tamping cartridge according to the invention shows stability in mining conditions and is to be used for securing blasting explosives in shot holes characterized by large inclination.
  • Embodiments show the properties of fine plastic mineral material being a filler for tamping cartridges according to the invention. ⁇
  • Moisture content was determined according to item 5.1 of Polish standard PN88/B-04481.
  • Plastic limits W p and liquid limits W L were defined according to items 5.5 and 5.6. of said standard, respectively.
  • specimens comprised fine plastic mineral material being a filler for tamping cartridges according to the invention.
  • the table 1 shows properties of different types of fine plastic mineral material used as a filler for tamping cartridges according to the invention.
  • Test tamping cartridges according to the invention were filled in with a plastic material having the properties as shown in the table, and then were subjected to usage tests in mining conditions. As a result of tests, all tamping cartridges for mining showed favorable usage properties comprising appropriate deformability without damage, fill capacity and fitting into a shot hole and capability of retaining position in shot holes of a significant inclination of up to 75°.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention refers to a tamping cartridge used for packing shot holes, particularly in mining. Tamping cartridge has a form of a cylinder or a cone with an external, at least single-layer closed sheath filled in with a mass of moist fine mineral plastic material, which material contains from 67 % to 99 % by weight of a grain fraction from 0.5 um to 5 mm, up to 11% by weight of grain fraction of over 5 mm and has a natural moisture (Wn) from 3% to 63 %, and liquidity index (lL) not higher than 0.300 and plasticity index (lP) from 20% to 25 %.

Description

Tamping cartridge for mining
The present invention refers to a tamping cartridge used for packing shot holes, particularly in mining.
Known tamping cartridges used for packing shot holes and fixing explosives in shot holes drilled in rock mass, and also for securing explosives against displacement and slipping out, have the form of cylindrical and tightly closed containers enclosed in a sheath, with the inside filled in with a mineral plastic material, for example clay, sand, water or a mixture of binding and/or plasticizing and gelling agents. Development of mining technology, and specifically development of precision blasting works, where branched and significantly long holes are used in difficult mining conditions and at high humidity, requires the use of safe, effective, efficient and economical shooting materials.
There is known from Polish patent no. PL130369 a tamping cartridge for blocking the position of an explosive in a shot hole, having a fully metallic structure, with a radially and axially displaceable side wall, with displacement achieved by means of slideably interconnected conical elements and identical rings forming a bellows structure.
There is also known from Polish patent no. PL175961 a tamping cartridge in the form of a tube made of formed plastic mass containing a mixture of magnesium, calcium oxide, silicon oxide and plasticizing and gelling agents, enclosed in a thin flexible sheath.
Tamping cartridges described by way of examples are used mainly in mining of minerals by blasting, as this is where relatively short holes are drilled in longwall, where an explosive is placed and blocked effectively by a tamping cartridge to prevent material ejection through this hole during an explosion. Problems occur when very long (several or dozen meter long) holes are made in roofs or longwalls in order to decompress and relax rock mass in the conditions posing a risk of rockburst, roof fall, methane explosion or in order to loosen compact or unmineable rock. In such cases tamping cartridges as described in patent document PL 175961 are used. However, using such cartridges is always connected with difficult movement of these cartridges along the long hole until they reach an explosive at its bottom. While moving and ramming such a cartridge, it often gets damaged or torn even before reaching an explosive, thus creating a blockage.
There is known from the Polish patent application P.386649 a tamping cartridge structure for sealing especially long shot holes, in the form of a long tubular shape enclosed in an external sheath filled in with plastic material, e.g. clay, sand, water or a mixture of binding and plasticizing and gelling agent, where the external sheath of the cartridge is composed of multiple layers and consists of, consecutively from the outside, a first paper layer, advantageously normal sulfite paper, class III of a grammage of up to 90g/m2 and a thickness of up to 0.2 mm, a second glue layer, a third antistatic polyethylene foil layer of a thickness of 0.1 to 0.3 mm and stretchability of 150% to 250%, favorably 200%, a fourth glue layer and a fifth paper layer. In this known design, a foil layer can be replaced with barrier paper saturated with moisture impervious material, and additionally, there can be an additional sixth layer of glue and a seventh layer of paper in between the fourth and the fifth layer.
There is also known from patent document GB2035519B a tamping insert for keeping explosives in place in drilled shot holes, used not only in underground mining, having a plastic sheath, filled in with finely crushed material and peripherally closed, wherein this sheath is a mixture of polyethylene in 25%-75% and 75% - 25% by weight of thermoplastic rubber, and has a wall thickness of 40 to 80 μηη, and a finely crushed material fills it in tightly and is either rammed or pressed.
In the prior art, there are also known blasting explosives which can block themselves in shot holes.
There is known from Canadian patent document, CA1106234 (Al), an explosive structure having the form of a tubular sheath containing a blasting explosive with a spirally wound strip of material forming a flexible sheath, wherein the edges thereof do not overlap. This structure is capable of self-adaptation after being inserted into a shot hole, and then self-blocking in a shot hole by slight loosening of a winding. There is known from South African patent document, ZA7701974, a tubular sheath containing a blasting explosive, with unsealed lap sections. When inserted into a shot hole a cartridge is under such pressure that its structure expands and it can be firmly blocked in a shot hole.
Tamping cartridges for fixing blasting explosives are filled in with a plastic material, physical and usage properties of which are adjustable to a broad extent. Given the fact that a tamping cartridge must be characterized by appropriate stiffness and elasticity, specific deformability, moderate load flow properties having a decisive impact on retaining a cartridge shape in a shot hole, shot hole filling and no tendency for displacement with simultaneous deformability while fixing in a shot hole, it has been found that for practical reasons tamping cartridges filled in with a material having specific rheological properties are particularly favorable. Such rheological properties as load flow, plasticity and elasticity make it possible to explicitly define the consistency and usage properties of mineral materials used as fillers for tamping cartridges. These properties, to a large extent, depend on multiple factors such as filler grain distribution and specific filler fractions content, and also moisture content.
As a plastic filler material used in a tamping cartridge similar to soil and its properties are soil-like, a measurement technique specified in Polish standard PN- 88/B-04481 has been used to determine its plastic state. With the above assumption, the state of a plastic mineral filler for a tamping cartridge for mining is measured by liquidity index lL , calculated according to the following formula:
_ W„ + Wp where:
lL - liquidity index (absolute number),
wn - natural moisture [% or absolute number],
wp - plastic limit [% or absolute number],
wL - liquid limit [% or absolute number], wherein
Liquidity index (lL) is a measure of plastic properties of a mineral filler of a tamping cartridge, indicating how much moisture is absorbed by this material while transforming from semi-solid to liquid state, that is it defines a moisture range in which said material has plastic properties. The higher liquidity index, the . more plastic a material is.
Liquid limit (wL) represents moisture of a plastic mineral filler of a tamping cartridge, at the boundary between soft and liquid state. It is assumed that liquid limit represents water content of material at which a groove made in a paste of this soil and put in the cup of the Casagrande's liquid limit device closes the flow at the length of 10 mm and height of 1 mm in 25 blows in the measurement conditions as defined in Polish standard PN-88/B-04481.
Plastic limit (WP) stands for the value of stress at which irreversible plastic deformations occur. It is a measure of moisture content of a material at the boundary between semi-solid and stiff state. With this moisture, a thread made of this material, while rolling on the palm, breaks after reaching a diameter of 3 mm or, when lifted by one end, breaks apart.
The area between elastic limit and plastic limit represents an area of partial elasticity (or partial plasticity). Plastic limit is often connected with material strength.
Plasticity index (lp ) is a measure of material cohesion calculated as follows: lP= WL - Wp
Plasticity index (lL) is a measure of plastic properties of a mineral filler of a tamping cartridge, indicating how much moisture is absorbed by this material while transforming from semi-solid to liquid state, so it defines a moisture range in which said material has plastic properties.
A mineral plastic material of variable composition, grain distribution and water content, used as a filler for selected tamping cartridges, which in empirical tests showed the most favorable usage properties such as capability of filling in shot holes, retaining dimensions and shape, staying in holes of significant inclination and stiffness making it possible to insert them into a shot hole, was subjected to sieve analysis used to determine the distribution of grain diameters and share of specific fractions. Then, said materials were tested for state in order to measure moisture content and plastic limit Wp and liquid limit WL. The analysis of the results of this search made it possible to determine the ranges of physical parameters that should characterize a mineral plastic material to be used as a filler in tamping cartridges for mining, showing optimum usage properties in shot holes of different inclinations.
The present invention refers to a tamping cartridge in the form of a cylinder or a cone with an external, at least single-layer closed sheath filled in with a mass of moist fine mineral plastic material, with 67 % to 99 % by weight of a grain fraction from 0.5 um to 5 mm, up to 11% by weight of grain fraction of over 5 mm and a natural moisture (Wn) from 3% to 63 %, and liquidity index (lL) not higher than 0.300 and plasticity index (lP) from 20% to 25 %.
A tamping cartridge according to the invention shows stability in mining conditions and is to be used for securing blasting explosives in shot holes characterized by large inclination.
The inventions is presented by way of embodiments, which in no way whatsoever limit the scope of invention.
Embodiments show the properties of fine plastic mineral material being a filler for tamping cartridges according to the invention. δ
Measurement of properties including sieve analysis and determination of grain fractions, determination of moisture W, plastic limit Wp, liquid limit WL and liquidity index lL and plasticity index lP followed Polish standard no. PN88/B-04481 "Building soil - Tests of soil specimens".
Sieve analysis and determination of grain diameters distribution were performed according to Polish standard PIM88/B-04481 item 4.1 using a set of sieves according to Polish standard PN-80/M-94008.
Moisture content was determined according to item 5.1 of Polish standard PN88/B-04481.
Plastic limits Wp and liquid limits WL were defined according to items 5.5 and 5.6. of said standard, respectively.
For tests, specimens comprised fine plastic mineral material being a filler for tamping cartridges according to the invention.
The table 1 shows properties of different types of fine plastic mineral material used as a filler for tamping cartridges according to the invention.
Table 1
Test tamping cartridges according to the invention were filled in with a plastic material having the properties as shown in the table, and then were subjected to usage tests in mining conditions. As a result of tests, all tamping cartridges for mining showed favorable usage properties comprising appropriate deformability without damage, fill capacity and fitting into a shot hole and capability of retaining position in shot holes of a significant inclination of up to 75°.

Claims

Patent claim
Tamping cartridge in the form of a cylinder or a cone with an external, at least single-layer closed sheath filled in with a mass of moist fine mineral plastic material, characterized in that mineral plastic material contains from 67 % to 99 % by weight of a grain fraction from 0.5 um to 5 mm, up to 11% by weight of grain fraction of over 5 mm and has a natural moisture (W„) from 3% to 63 %, and liquidity index (I.) not higher than 0.300 and plasticity index (lP) from 20% to 25 %.
EP13724022.2A 2013-04-10 2013-04-10 Tamping cartridge for mining Active EP2984441B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/PL2013/000047 WO2014168495A1 (en) 2013-04-10 2013-04-10 Tamping cartridge for mining

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2984441A1 true EP2984441A1 (en) 2016-02-17
EP2984441B1 EP2984441B1 (en) 2017-03-15

Family

ID=48468740

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13724022.2A Active EP2984441B1 (en) 2013-04-10 2013-04-10 Tamping cartridge for mining

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2984441B1 (en)
PL (1) PL2984441T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2014168495A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4052939A (en) 1976-04-01 1977-10-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Tampable chub cartridge
ZA774217B (en) 1977-07-14 1979-02-28 Aeci Ltd Tamping cartridge
DE2851764A1 (en) * 1978-11-30 1980-06-12 Kalk Chemische Fabrik Gmbh TRIM CARTRIDGE AND METHOD FOR PUTTING EXPLOSIVE CHARGES IN DRILL HOLES
BE887123A (en) 1981-01-19 1981-07-20 Bourguignonne Plastique CARTRIDGE FOR STUFFING MINE HOLES
PL175961B1 (en) 1995-04-01 1999-03-31 Przed Explominex Sp Z Oo Wadding for use in mine shooting and method of making same
PL211146B1 (en) 2008-12-01 2012-04-30 Gorski Kamil Mining stemming for the sealing of blast-holes, preferably the long holes

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2014168495A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014168495A1 (en) 2014-10-16
EP2984441B1 (en) 2017-03-15
PL2984441T3 (en) 2017-07-31

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