EP2974107A1 - Method and apparatus to use more transmission opportunities in a distributed network topology with limited harq processes - Google Patents
Method and apparatus to use more transmission opportunities in a distributed network topology with limited harq processesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2974107A1 EP2974107A1 EP14768240.5A EP14768240A EP2974107A1 EP 2974107 A1 EP2974107 A1 EP 2974107A1 EP 14768240 A EP14768240 A EP 14768240A EP 2974107 A1 EP2974107 A1 EP 2974107A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- block
- downlink
- ack
- transmission
- nack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1829—Arrangements specially adapted for the receiver end
- H04L1/1861—Physical mapping arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1812—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1812—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
- H04L1/1819—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ] with retransmission of additional or different redundancy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1822—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems involving configuration of automatic repeat request [ARQ] with parallel processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
- H04L1/1887—Scheduling and prioritising arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
- H04W72/21—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the uplink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards the network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
- H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the field of cellular communications, and more particularly to methods and apparatus to use more transmission opportunities in a distributed network topology with backhaul delays among network components and Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) processes.
- HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
- the digital information is often grouped in blocks or packets.
- the successful reception of a block of data can be detected by the receiver by using for example a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).
- CRC cyclic redundancy check
- the unsuccessful reception of a block can in some situations or systems be ignored by the receiver.
- the receiver may inform the transmitter of the result of the reception of a block, using for example an
- ACK/NACK ACK/NACK
- TM transparent mode
- UM unacknowledged mode
- AM acknowledged mode
- a layered system includes for example layer 1 (LI), layer 2 (L2) and layer 3 (L3). Both L2 and L3 use retransmission protocols.
- the L2 receiver responds to the L2 transmitter with an AC /NACK at the successful/unsuccessful reception of an L2 block.
- the L3 receiver responds to the L3 transmitter with an ACK NACK at the
- an L2 block can carry multiple L3 blocks or only a part of one L3 block.
- this disclosure applies to examples in which the lowest level retransmission protocol (e.g. the L2 retransmission protocol) uses Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) with soft combining as well as to other examples.
- HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
- the disclosure is described in conjunction with an example in which L2 uses a HARQ protocol with soft combining.
- the disclosure is described in conjunction with an example in which the next layer above L2 that uses a retransmission protocol is 13. This choice matches the LTE retransmission protocol, where L2 (MAC) uses HARQ with soft combining and L3 (RLC) uses retransmissions for data in AM.
- L2 MAC
- RLC L3
- the receiver L2 responds with an ACK/NACK a known time delay after the transmission of the L2 block.
- the UE should respond with an ACK/NACK (on PUCCH or on PUSCH) 4 sub-frames after the transmission of the corresponding transport block.
- ACK/NACK on PUCCH or on PUSCH
- the eNodeB should respond with an ACK/NACK (explicitly on PHICH or implicitly on PDCCH) 4 sub-frames after the transmission of the corresponding L2 transport block.
- ACK/NACK acknowledgly on PHICH or implicitly on PDCCH
- the ACK/NACK time delay after the transmission of the corresponding transport block depends on the TDD uplink/downlink configuration. Since the configuration is known, the time delay can also be deduced.
- the receiver L2 If the receiver L2 responds with a NACK, i.e. the L2 block was incorrectly received, then the receiver keeps the soft bits of the incorrectly received block in its soft bit memory.
- the stored soft bits can be softly combined with a subsequent retransmission to improve the probability of a successful reception. e. If the L2 block was correctly received, there is no need to keep the corresponding soft bits in the memory.
- a transmission of an L2 block is connected to one HARQ process.
- Retransmissions of an L2 block needs to be done using the same HARQ process as the first transmission of the block.
- the receiver keeps a soft bit memory buffer for each HARQ process.
- a retransmission on a HARQ process is softly combined in the receiver with the soft bits in the memory buffer for the same HARQ process.
- the different HARQ processes can be distinguished through different HARQ process indices.
- the L2 transmitter may transmit a new L2 block on a HARQ process when
- the L2 receiver may let the soft bits of a new L2 block overwrite the soft bits of the previous L2 block of the same HARQ process.
- multiple blocks e.g. L2 blocks
- L2 blocks can be transmitted from a transmitter to a receiver at the same time, with the receiver responding with multiple corresponding ACK/NACKs, or a combination thereof.
- these multiple blocks and corresponding multiple ACK/NACKs are connected to the same HARQ process, and the individual blocks could be seen as connected to sub-processes of the HARQ process.
- these multiple blocks and corresponding multiple ACK/NACKs are connected to the same HARQ process, and the individual blocks could be seen as connected to sub-processes of the HARQ process.
- ACK/NACKs (or a combination thereof) are connected to different HARQ processes. Both these cases are covered by this disclosure. However, for simplicity and readability, the case with a single block per HARQ process and time is described herein.
- the ACK/NACKs of multiple HARQ processes are bundled into a single ACK/NACK.
- the receiver of a bundled ACK/NACK can draw some conclusions of the ACK/NACKs of the individual HARQ processes from the bundled ACK/NACK, and thereby request or choose retransmission or not.
- a finite amount of time is required between successive transmit- ACK/NACK- transmit or retransmit cycles. During this time, a HARQ process is not used for another transmission, since this would risk overwriting the soft bits in the HARQ process memory buffer. Therefore, in order to enable the continuous transmission of data blocks, multiple HARQ processes are needed, that can run in parallel.
- FDD LTE for example, both the downlink and the uplink provides 8 HARQ processes per UE.
- Base stations and UEs each include at least one transmitter and at least one receiver. Additionally, base stations include a scheduler for scheduling downlink transmissions.
- the downlink transmitter, uplink receiver and downlink scheduler are all located in the base station.
- the downlink receiver and the uplink transmitter are located in the UE.
- the downlink transmitter, uplink receiver and downlink scheduler are all co-located in one place.
- the downlink transmitter may be located in a node in one physical location
- the uplink (ACK NACK) receiver may be located in another node in another physical location
- the scheduler may be located in a third node in a third physical location, with these nodes being connected with non-ideal backhaul. Since the nodes are not co-located, there can be a significant backhaul delay between the reception of an ACK NACK in the uplink receiver and the time the ACK/NACK can be used in the downlink scheduling. Similarly, there can be a significant backhaul delay between the downlink scheduling and the actual downlink transmission based on the scheduling.
- the downlink transmitter may not be ready to transmit the next block or retransmit the prior block when in the transmission interval allocated to the process. Instead, the downlink transmitter will have to wait until a subsequent transmission interval before performing the transmission or
- Embodiments of the present invention solves a problem that occurs when the downlink transmitter, uplink receiver and downlink scheduler of in a radio network are non-co- located, with backhaul delay between these devices. In this case, with limited HARQ processes, it may not be possible to use all transmission opportunities, thereby reducing the maximum data rate between the downlink transmitter and the user equipment and the system efficiency.. [0012]
- the disclosure addresses this shortcoming and provides a method and system for using more transmission opportunities in a distributed network topology with limited HARQ processes.
- data transmissions are scheduled even though the ACK/NACK of the previous transmission on the scheduled HARQ process is not yet known to the transmitter. If the ACK NACK turns out to be a NACK, this is solved by retransmitting the lost block in a new block, without soft combining, so that a higher layer retransmission can be avoided.
- Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of a distributed topology cellular
- Figure 2 is signaling and processing diagram of an embodiment of a HARQ process, in a cellular network with minimal backhaul delays.
- Figure 3 is signaling and processing diagram of an embodiment of a HARQ process, in a distributed network topology with substantial backhaul delays.
- Figure 4 is a flowchart of an embodiment of scheduling processing according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an embodiment of response processing according to the present disclosure. Detailed Description Of Exemplary Embodiments
- Distributed topology network 100 comprises a large cell 101 and at least two small cells 103 and 105.
- Large cell 101 includes a large cell base station 107.
- Small cells 103 and 105 each include a small cell base station 109 and 111, respectively.
- Cells 101, 103 and 105 comprise nodes of distributed topology network 100.
- Base stations 107 - 111 are interconnected by backhauls 115 - 119.
- base stations 107 and 109 are connected to each other by backhaul 115 and base stations 107 and 111 are connected by backhaul 117.
- a mobile terminal or user equipment (UE) 113 is located in cells 101 and 103.
- Each base station 107, 109 and 111 may include a downlink transmitter, a downlink scheduler and an uplink receiver (not shown in Figure 1).
- the downlink (DL) transmitter, DL scheduler and uplink (UL) receiver functions for the session with UE 113 are distributed across distributed topology network 100.
- base station 107 provides the DL transmitter
- base station 109 provides the UL transmitter
- base station 111 provides the DL scheduler.
- the downlink transmitter may be located in multiple nodes in multiple physical locations, for example if coordinated multi-point (CoMP) with joint transmission is used. In one embodiment, these nodes or a subset thereof may be connected with non-ideal backhaul.
- CoMP coordinated multi-point
- the uplink receiver may be located in multiple nodes in multiple physical locations, for example if coordinated multi-point (CoMP) with joint reception is used. In one embodiment, these nodes or a subset thereof may be connected with non-ideal backhaul. In some embodiments, the scheduler may be located in a multiple nodes in multiple physical locations. In one embodiment, these nodes or a subset thereof may be connected with non-ideal backhaul. In some embodiments, for different UEs, different functions may be located in different nodes. For instance, the downlink to one UE may be transmitted from a different node than the downlink to another UE.
- CoMP coordinated multi-point
- FIG. 2 illustrates the situation where the DL transmitter, DL scheduler and UL receiver are all co-located in the same base station 201.
- Base station 201 transmits to UE 203 a new L2 block, as indicated at 205.
- UE 203 stores soft bits in its memory buffer, as indicated at process block 207, and decodes the new L2 block, as indicated at process block 209.
- UE 203 transmits back to base station 201 either an ACK response or a NACK response, as indicated at 211.
- the DL scheduler of base station 201 schedules either a retransmission of the prior L2 block or a new L2 block, based up whether it received an ACK or a NACK, as indicated at process block 213.
- the transmitter of base station 201 then transmits to UE 203 the scheduling decision and the previous or the new L2 block, as indicated at 215.
- the time elapsed between the transmission of the new L2 block, at 205, and the receipt of the previous or new L2 block, at 215, constitutes the normal round trip time, which in LIE is five to eight sub-frames.
- UE 203 If UE 203 receives a new L2 block, UE 203 stores the new L2 block in its memory buffer; if UE 203 receives a retransmitted prior L2 block, UE 203 softly combines the retransmission with the soft bits stored in its memory buffer, all as indicated at process block 217.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the situation where a DL transmitter 301 is located at a first physical location (Node A), a UL receiver 303 is located at a second physical location (Node B), and a DL scheduler is located at a third physical location (Node C).
- DL transmitter 301 transmits to UE 307 a new L2 block, as indicated at 309.
- UE 307 stores soft bits in its memory buffer, as indicated at process block 311, and decodes the new L2 block, as indicated at process block 313.
- UE 307 transmits to UL receiver 303 either an ACK response or a NACK response, as indicated at 315.
- UL receiver 303 transmits the ACK or NACK to DL scheduler 305 over a low speed backhaul, as indicated at 317.
- DL scheduler 305 schedules either a retransmission of the prior L2 block or a new L2 block, based up whether it received an ACK or a NACK, as indicated at process block 319.
- DL scheduler 319 then transmits to UE to DL transmitter 301 the scheduling decision over a low speed backhaul, as indicated at 321.
- DL transmitter 301 then transmits to UE 307 the scheduling decision and the previous or the new L2 block, as indicated at 323.
- the time elapsed between the transmission of the new L2 block, at 309, and the receipt of the previous or new L2 block, at 323, constitutes the normal round trip time plus the backhaul delay
- the actual amount of the backhaul may be as much as twenty sub-frames. If UE 307 receives a new L2 block, UE 307 stores the new L2 block in its memory buffer; if UE 307 receives a retransmitted prior L2 block, UE 307 softly combines the retransmission with the soft bits stored in its memory buffer, all as indicated at process block 325.
- the backhaul delays that the distributed network topology introduces thus cause the HARQ process roundtrip time to increase, compared to when the network functions were co- located without significant internal delays.
- the increased HARQ process roundtrip time can result in that a single UE cannot be scheduled continuously, i.e. for each consecutive transmission opportunity, since the number of HARQ processes is fixed and limited. This reduces the maximum data rate of the UE.
- the distributed network topology is such that a retransmission on a HARQ process can occur at the earliest 20 sub-frames after the first transmission, due to backhaul delays between some of the distributed network functions.
- the UE can be scheduled in only 8 of 20 sub-frames (40%), since there are 8 DL HARQ processes in LTE.
- the UE can be scheduled in only 8 of 20 sub-frames (40%), since there are 8 DL HARQ processes in LTE.
- the UE can be scheduled in only 8 of 20 sub-frames (40%), since there are 8 DL HARQ processes in LTE.
- the UE cannot be scheduled continuously, another UE may be scheduled, since the HARQ processes are per UE.
- all time-frequency resources may be used anyway.
- a HARQ process is considered available for scheduling, if the scheduler knows the result of the previous transmission, i.e. if it resulted in an ACK or in a NACK. If it was a NACK, a retransmission can be scheduled and if it was an ACK, a new L2 block of data can be scheduled for transmission without risking overwriting soft bits of a previous transmission that could be used for soft combining.
- a new L2 block can be scheduled for transmission anyway, on a HARQ process that is not available. If possible, the scheduler selects an unavailable HARQ process for which the previous block carried L3 traffic that does not require the delivery of each L3 block (e.g. unacknowledged mode traffic in LTE RLC).
- the scheduled new data transmission advantageously avoids any risk of interfering with the decoding of the previous L2 block on the same HARQ process. For example, if the UE has already started to transmit the ACK/NACK, then it is clear that the decoding of the previous L2 block has already been finished.
- the DL transmitter will learn of the result of the previous L2 block on HARQ process 0. If the L2 block decoding result was an ACK, then it did not matter that the soft bits in the memory buffer were (or will be, if the transmission has not occurred yet) overwritten by the new transmission. On the other hand, if the L2 block decoding result was a NACK, then the soft bits of the unsuccessfully received L2 block were (or will be) overwritten by the new transmission. Therefore, a retransmission with soft combining is no longer possible.
- the unsuccessfully received L2 block is called a lost block. If the lost block carried traffic that requires delivery of each L3 block (e.g. acknowledged mode traffic in LTE RLC), then the lost block is advantageously retransmitted.
- the lost block may be transmitted again as one or several new L2 blocks, without involving L3 retransmissions, in some embodiments.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an embodiment of scheduling processing according to the present disclosure.
- the scheduling process waits at decision block 401 for a time to schedule a new transmission to a UE.
- the scheduling process determines, at decision block 403, if any of the UE's HARQ processes are available for scheduling.
- a UE HARQ process is considered available for scheduling, if the scheduler knows the result of the previous transmission, i.e. if it resulted in an ACK or in a NACK. If it was a.
- a retransmission can be scheduled and if it was an ACK, a new block of data can be scheduled for transmission without risking overwriting soft bits of a previous transmission that could be used for soft combining.
- the scheduling process selects an available HARQ process, at block 405, and transmits a new block, a lost block or a combination thereof using the selected HARQ process, at block 409. The scheduling process then marks the selected HARQ process as unavailable, if not already so marked, at block 411, and returns to decision block 401 to for a time to schedule a new transmission to a UE.
- the scheduling process selects a HARQ process that is not available, as indicated generally at block 407.
- the scheduling process selects an unavailable HARQ process for which the previous block carried L3 traffic that does not require the delivery of each L3 block (e.g. unacknowledged mode traffic in LTE RLC). This may reduce the negative impact of the transmission using an unavailable HARQ process in the case that the reception of the previous was unsuccessful (NACK).
- the scheduled new data transmission advantageously avoids any risk of interfering with the decoding of the previous L2 block on the same HARQ process.
- the scheduling process continues to block 409, as described above.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an embodiment of response processing according to the present disclosure.
- the process receives a response (i.e., an ACK or a NACK) for a block X transmitted to a UE corresponding to the UE's HARQ process (HP) Y, which is in an unavailable state, as indicated at block 501.
- a response i.e., an ACK or a NACK
- the response process determines, at decision block 503, if the response is an ACK or a NACK. If the response is an ACK, which indicates that block X was successfully received, the response process determines, at decision block 505, if any block since block X was transmitted using HP Y.
- the response process determines, at decision block 509, if any block since block X was transmitted using HP Y. If it is determined that no block since block X was transmitted using HP Y, block X may be retransmitted on HP Y, with soft combining, as indicated at block 511, since the soft bits for block X are intact in the UE, and processing ends.. If it is determined that a block was transmitted using HP Y since block X, this indicates that block X has been lost since the soft bits for block X in the UE are likely to have been overwritten by the new block. In this case, block X may be retransmitted on any HARQ process without soft combining with the previous transmission of block X on HP Y, as indicated at block 513, and processing according to Figure 5 ends.
- module refers to software that is executed by one or more processors, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein. Additionally, for purpose of discussion, the various modules are described as discrete modules; however, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that performs the associated functions according embodiments of the invention.
- one or more of the functions described in this document may be performed by means of computer program code that is stored in a "computer program product”, “computer-readable medium”, and the like, which is used herein to generally refer to media such as, memory storage devices, or storage unit.
- a "computer program product”, “computer-readable medium”, and the like which is used herein to generally refer to media such as, memory storage devices, or storage unit.
- Such instructions may be referred to as "computer program code” (which may be grouped in the form of computer programs or other groupings), which when executed, enable the computing system to perform the desired operations.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US201361784682P | 2013-03-14 | 2013-03-14 | |
PCT/US2014/029188 WO2014153125A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-03-14 | Method and apparatus to use more transmission opportunities in a distributed network topology with limited harq processes |
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EP2974107A1 true EP2974107A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
EP2974107A4 EP2974107A4 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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EP14768240.5A Withdrawn EP2974107A4 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-03-14 | Method and apparatus to use more transmission opportunities in a distributed network topology with limited harq processes |
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US (1) | US20160218837A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2974107A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6374945B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105284070A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014153125A1 (en) |
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US9025478B2 (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2015-05-05 | Google Technology Holdings LLC | Self-interference handling in a wireless communication terminal supporting carrier aggregation |
US20140269629A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Retransmission timer in a high speed data network |
-
2014
- 2014-03-14 US US14/844,975 patent/US20160218837A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-03-14 CN CN201480027275.2A patent/CN105284070A/en active Pending
- 2014-03-14 EP EP14768240.5A patent/EP2974107A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-03-14 JP JP2016503006A patent/JP6374945B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-03-14 WO PCT/US2014/029188 patent/WO2014153125A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
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JP2016518749A (en) | 2016-06-23 |
CN105284070A (en) | 2016-01-27 |
EP2974107A4 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
WO2014153125A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
US20160218837A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
JP6374945B2 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
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