EP2971505A2

EP2971505A2 - Method for producing a tubbing having a thermoplastic barrier layer

Info

Publication number: EP2971505A2
Application number: EP14708043.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Martin Linnenbrink; Martin Demmig; Josef Von Rotz; Christoph FÄH
Original assignee: Sika Technology AG
Current assignee: Sika Technology AG
Priority date: 2013-03-12
Filing date: 2014-03-06
Publication date: 2016-01-20
Also published as: CN105074130A; WO2014139853A2; US20160010456A1; JP2016510094A; WO2014139853A3

Abstract

The invention relates fundamentally to a method for producing a tubbing made of concrete for lining a tunnel, particularly a traffic tunnel, wherein the tubbing (1) has a convexly curved outer surface (2) and a concavely curved inner surface (3) opposite the outer surface (2). The method comprises the steps: a) placing a membrane (4) having a dispersion adhesive layer (5) and a thermoplastic barrier layer (6) onto the outer surface (2) and additionally onto at least one of the sides of the outer side surfaces (7, 8) of the tubbing facing the outer surface (2), wherein the dispersion adhesive layer (5) faces the tubbing (1); b) supplying heat, thus melting the dispersion adhesive layer (5); and c) cooling the dispersion adhesive layer (5), thus forming an adhesive bond between the membrane (4) and the tubbing (1).

Description

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A TÜBBING WITH THERMOPLASTIC COATING

Technical area

The present invention relates to a process for producing a

Tubes made of concrete for lining a tunnel, in particular a traffic tunnel.

State of the art

Although applicable to any field of construction, the present

Invention and the problem underlying hereafter explained in more detail with reference to a traffic tunnel.

In mechanical tunneling with the technology of shield tunneling, steel-reinforced precast concrete elements are often used for the inner shell. These prefabricated concrete parts, known in the jargon as prefabricated concrete parts, are prefabricated in prefabricated concrete plants, temporarily stored until the required concrete strength is achieved, and then placed in the tunnel tube for installation as required. There they are taken up by a Tübbingversetzeinrichtung, the so-called "erector" in the protection of the shield of the tunnel boring machine and assembled into a tubbing ring. After the tunnel boring machine has been propelled by hydraulic presses against the recently installed segments, a new tubbing ring is installed in the shield's protection. In this way, the machine "tubbing around tubbing ring" works through the ground, the remaining between tunnel (tubbing ring) and bottom annular gap is continuously filled with mortar to z. B. Prevent subsidence.

Not only classic traffic tunnels, but also, in the presence of special geological conditions, so-called supply or disposal tunnels for households, commerce or industry, especially in the form of large-diameter manifolds for the central transport of sewage or fresh water or as a cable tunnel for receiving High-voltage power lines, are manufactured according to pre-formed segmental construction in segmental lining method. However, in all these areas of application, whether to ensure proper hygienic drinking water quality or to prevent dysfunctions due to the penetration of moisture into the electrical lines, increased demands are placed on the impermeability and durability of the tubbing lining of the tunnel.

For this reason, a separate second operation for the final sealing of the outer tunnel facing the concave-curved outer surfaces of the tubbing was usually required during tunneling and / or the establishment of an additional second tubbing ring.

In a method described in JP H03-212600, among other things pressure-sensitive adhesives based on rubber / asphalt mixtures are used for the production of tubbing elements provided with polymer cladding. A disadvantage of these adhesives, however, is the flow occurring over a relatively long period of time, which can lead to delamination of the polymer covering from the concrete surface. If water penetrates into these cavities and the tunnel wall is exposed to temperatures below the freezing point, the tubbing element may subsequently be damaged.

In the method described in JP 2002-294015, a waterproof membrane of ethylene vinyl acetate having various contents of vinyl acetate is bonded to the concrete surface of a tubbing. This is done by pouring the liquid concrete to the membrane, resulting in partial hydrolysis of the vinyl acetate units in the polymer due to the basicity of the liquid concrete. The vinyl alcohol units thus released subsequently cause the membrane to adhere to the concrete. A disadvantage of this procedure, however, is the limitation to the use of the special ethylene-vinyl acetate mixture which does not have suitable sealing properties for all applications. In addition, the must Membrane be brought into contact with liquid concrete, so that the membrane can be damaged during subsequent storage and transport of the tubbing. Due to their size, segmental rings in the production process require a large amount of space during the individual process steps, in particular if they require interim storage. A shortening of the manufacturing process, in particular of storage times, is therefore of great interest.

Presentation of the invention

The object of the present invention is therefore to improve the production of tubbings in such a way that they are protected and sealed against moisture which is located on the outside of the tubbing ring and at the same time ensure a rapid production process, in particular with short intermediate storage times.

According to the invention this is achieved by the features of the first claim.

The core of the invention is a method for producing a tubbing made of concrete for covering a tunnel, in particular a traffic tunnel, wherein the tubbing 1 has a convex-curved outer surface 2 and the outer surface 2 opposite concave-curved inner surface 3 comprising the steps a) laying a membrane 4 having a

Dispersion adhesive layer 5 and a thermoplastic

Schott layer 6 on the outer surface 2 and further at least partially on at least one, in particular all, the outer surface

2 facing sides of the outer side surfaces (7, 8) of the tubbing, wherein the dispersion adhesive layer 5 faces the tubbing 1; b) supplying heat while melting the

Dispersion adhesive layer 5;

c) cooling the dispersion adhesive layer 5 to form a

Adhesive bond between the membrane 4 and the tubbing 1.

The tubbing has a ring segment-shaped structure with a concavely curved inner surface, which is directed to the tunnel interior in the installed state, and an opposite, convexly curved outer surface, which is directed to the surrounding soil in the installed state. Connected laterally these two surfaces are four further surfaces, two longitudinal side surfaces which rest in the installed state on the corresponding longitudinal side surfaces of the adjacent tubbing of the same tubbing ring, and two end faces which rest in the installed state on the corresponding end faces of the adjacent tubbing of an adjacent tubbing ring.

The method can be advantageously further developed by the membrane is first attached to the outer surface, preferably glued, that the

Membrane has at least one over the convex outer surface of the tubing protruding edge, and the dispersion adhesive layer

subsequently, in the region of the protruding edge of the membrane after step c), if appropriate, by melting with heat and to form an adhesive bond between membrane (4) and

Outer side surface of the tubbing or the membrane of an adjacent tubbing is cooled.

By virtue of the tubbings produced in the method according to the invention, no separate second operation is required for the final sealing of the concave-curved outer surfaces of the tubbings facing the exterior of the tunnel. Also eliminates a possible second tubbing ring. Furthermore, tubbings with smaller wall thicknesses can be used / manufactured, as they are far superior to conventional tubbings in terms of waterproofness and resistance to corrosive groundwater. Both leads to a reduction of the space requirement of the tunnel wall and thereby to an interior gain and to a reduction of the required building material. Furthermore, the tubbings produced according to the invention permit the use of alternative, less watertight and less corrosion-resistant types of concrete. Furthermore, segmental rings made of segments, which were produced in the process according to the invention, have excellent rear-run safety and tightness.

It has been found that by using a dispersion adhesive layer to form an adhesive bond between the membrane and the tubbing, high forces can already be transferred between the bonded substrate after a few minutes. Thus, for example, the grippers used in the precast concrete plant (usually vacuum gripper) can move the tubbing shortly after cooling the dispersion adhesive layer. This rapid strength build-up is advantageous in that no mechanical fixation means such as clamps or the like are required for the bonding. Furthermore, this allows a rapid manufacturing process with short storage times. Furthermore, after bonding of the outer surface by the application of heat, a deep drawing of the membrane over the outer side surfaces is made possible, whereby the need for welding the membrane at the boundary of two outer side surfaces is avoided.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Further aspects of the invention are the subject of further independent claims.

Short description of the drawing

In the following, embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a lateral cross section through a tubbing. FIG. 2 shows a further lateral cross section through a tubbing.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show steps a) and b) of the method.

Only the elements essential for the immediate understanding of the invention are shown.

Way to carry out the invention

FIG. 1 shows a lateral cross section through a tubing produced according to the invention.

The tubbing 1 is provided on its convex-curved outer surface 2 with a membrane 4.

The membrane comprises a dispersion adhesive layer 5 and a thermoplastic Schott layer 6, the dispersion adhesive layer 5 facing the tubbing 1.

The membrane is arranged over a partial area preferably on at least one, particularly preferably all sides of the outer side surfaces (longitudinal side surfaces 7 and front side surfaces 8) facing the outer surface. In Figure 1, the two longitudinal side surfaces 7 are shown. However, although not preferred, the membrane may extend over the entire outside surfaces 7 and 8 as well. As a result, inter alia, an excellent bond of the dispersion adhesive layer, and thus the membrane, ensured with the tubbing and a high rear safety. Furthermore, the enlargement of the contact surface of the contacting membranes, in relation to, for example, a membrane which lacks an arrangement on all sides of the outer side facing the outer surface, achieves a higher sealing effect at joints between two segments. The use of a reversibly softenable dispersion adhesive thus allows an overlapping sealing of the outer surface and the outer side surfaces of the tubbing. This seal can be completed very quickly, because after fixing the membrane on the Convex outer surface must be maintained only a short time until the adhesive has solidified sufficiently. Subsequently, the sealing of the outer side surfaces can be carried out, wherein, if necessary, the dispersion adhesive in the region of the edge can be remelted by supplying heat.

In addition, the protruding edge of the membrane can also be glued to the membrane of an adjacent tubbing, which also leads to an improved sealing effect.

In addition, it is possible to bond the outer and side surfaces in a continuous process with the membrane, in which between the bonding of the outer surface and the side surfaces with the membrane is not awaited until solidification of the adhesive bond between the outer surface and the membrane.

Preferably, the dispersion adhesive layer is fully bonded to the outer surface 2, in particular glued, which leads to an improvement in the rear safety.

In order to be as suitable as a thermoplastic Schott layer 6, it should be as waterproof as possible and even under prolonged influence of water or moisture, do not decompose or be mechanically damaged. In particular, such materials are suitable as the thermoplastic Schott layer, as they are already used in the prior art for sealing purposes in building construction and civil engineering.

It is advantageous if the thermoplastic Schott layer is made of a material having a softening point of more than 110 ° C, preferably between 140 ° C and 170 ° C. The thermoplastic Schott layer should advantageously have an at least low degree of elasticity, for example, caused by differences in temperature caused by expansion differences between the thermoplastic Schott layer and tubbing To be able to bridge stresses without damaging or cracking the thermoplastic Schott layer and impairing the sealing function of the Schott layer. The thermoplastic bulkhead preferably comprises a material selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamides (PA), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), chlorosulfonated polyethylene and thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO).

Particularly preferably, the thermoplastic Schott layer contains polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Preferably, the thermoplastic Schott layer consists of more than 50 wt .-%, particularly preferably more than 80 wt .-%, of the aforementioned materials. In addition, the thermoplastic Schott layer additives and

Processing agents, such as fillers, UV and heat stabilizers, plasticizers, lubricants, biocides, flame retardants, antioxidants, pigments, e.g.

Titanium dioxide or carbon black, and dyes. Such films, despite the fact that they are not 100% thermoplastic, are referred to as films of the particular material, i. that films made of PVC and these additives are referred to as PVC films or flexible PVC films, even though they are not 100% PVC or

Soft PVC exist. As a flexible polyvinyl chloride-based thermoplastic Schottschicht particular a customary for the field of waterproofing of buildings PVC film, in particular a soft PVC film is suitable. Such PVC films contain in particular plasticizers, typically phthalate plasticizers. In order to be able to be used as a Schott layer in practice, it is important that these PVC films are flexible. The use of rigid PVC films would lead to the fact that when bending or bending of the film, as they occur during application of the film but also in use, for example by temperature fluctuations, mechanical loads, such as when walking on or driving on the film break or at least tear, whereby the sealing function could not be guaranteed.

In addition, it is almost inevitable in practice that the sealing film in roll form must be delivered to the construction site. However, a rigid PVC can not be rolled.

A particularly suitable PVC film is that from Sika AG,

Switzerland, offered product Sikaplan® WP 1 100-21 HL.

The thermoplastic Schott layer advantageously has a layer thickness in the millimeter range, typically between 0.2 and 15 mm, preferably between 1 and 2 mm. Preferably, the thermoplastic Schott layer

6 to be flexible, i. flexible, sheet-like foils. Thermoplastic Schott layers are produced, for example, by calendering or extrusion. Typically, a membrane 4 is made by preferably applying the dispersion adhesive composition to the thermoplastic bulkhead layer at room temperature and venting or drying by applying heat to form the dispersion adhesive layer 5. The application is preferably carried out by knife coating, spraying,

Brushing, stamping, rolling on, pouring on, brushing, rolling, dipping or extruding. Preferably, a dispersion adhesive layer 5 is obtained, which is tack-free at 25 ° C.

Preferably, a membrane is obtained which can be lengthened, cut off, rolled up or processed further directly as required.

The tubbing preferably has a the outer side surfaces (7, 8) circumferential sealing groove 10, in which a sealing body 1 1 is arranged, as can be seen in Figure 2. The sealing groove is formed in the tubbing and is located therein, typically pressed, a sealing body. The sealing body 1 1 is typically a hollow body. As a material for the sealing body in particular materials are suitable, which are known as sealing materials for sealing rings and / or water-swellable materials. The term "water-swellable materials" in the present document means materials which on contact with water increase their volume to a multiple, typically between 200 and 1000% of the original volume In addition to increasing the volume, certain water-swellable materials can also react chemically with water of such water-swellable materials are polyurethane-based bulking agents, in particular silane-modified polymers which cure by moisture into an elastic product Another example of such swelling agents is bentonite-butyl rubbers or the acrylic acid grouped together under the name "superabsorbent polymers" (SAP) -based polymers, typically copolymers of acrylic acid and sodium acrylate, for example from BASF SE, Germany.

Particularly preferably, the sealing body 1 1 consists of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM).

This is advantageous because it creates another barrier to penetrating water at the joints between two tubbings, thus achieving a higher sealing effect. The tubbing preferably has a sealing coating 12 between the outer surface 2 and the hot-melt adhesive layer 5, as can be seen in FIG. 2 and FIG. The sealing coating is selected from the group consisting of methacrylate resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane, preferably in the form of a dispersion adhesive, and polyurea. Particularly preferred as a sealing coating is epoxy resin. If the coating consists of a dispersion adhesive, it may be the same adhesive that forms the dispersion adhesive layer 5 or a dispersion adhesive different therefrom.

Such a sealing coating 12 is advantageous in that thereby the tubbing is protected from the ingress of moisture. This further enhances the sealing effect of the tubbing. Further, in the manufacture of the tubbing, a large loss of moisture during the curing of the green body can be prevented. The sealing coating 12 is typically applied by spraying or brushing on the tubbing. Further, it is advantageous that the sealing coating 12 is at least partially disposed on all outer side surfaces 7, 8, in particular on the area between the outer surface 2 and the seal groove 10. As sealing body 1 1 are all materials in question, which are suitable, the passage of liquids, especially water, to reduce or prevent.

Preferably, the sealing body is made of a thermoplastic or a thermoplastic elastomer. Thermoplastic elastomers have the advantage that the sealing body by a good elasticity against horizontal and vertical displacements, in particular shifts due to mechanical stresses in the building, features. A good elasticity of the seal body prevents cracking or detachment of the seal body and thus a failure of the seal.

Thermoplastic elastomers in this document are understood as meaning plastics which combine the mechanical properties of vulcanized elastomers with the processability of thermoplastics. Typically, such thermoplastic elastomers are block copolymers with hard and soft segments or so-called polymer alloys with correspondingly thermoplastic and elastomeric constituents.

Further advantageous materials for sealing bodies are materials which are selected from the group consisting of acrylate compounds, polyurethane polymers, silane-terminated polymers and polyolefins.

As "room temperature" is understood in the present document, a temperature of 25 ° C.

Under "melt" or "melting" is in the present

Document the heating of the dispersion adhesive composition to a temperature which is above the so-called crossover temperature ("T _{c / OSSOve /} -") and which is below the softening point, measured by the ring & ball method according to DIN EN 1238. The crossover Temperature, often referred to as the yield point, represents the temperature at which the curves of the loss modulus and storage modulus, measured by means of DTMA (Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis), intersect DTMA measurements using the following DTMA measurement parameters:

Device: Anton Paar MCR 300 SN 616966

Software US V2.3

Stamp: 25 mm plate (smooth surface) Measuring gap: (Sample thickness) l mnn

Temperature ramp: 200 ° C - 90 ° C at -1 ° C / min

Frequency of oscillation: 1 Hz

Amplitude gamma: 1% (corresponds to 0.8 mrad)

Melting typically occurs at a temperature that is substantially, i. at least 20 ° C, in particular at least 30 ° C, preferably at least 40 ° C, below the softening point. Preferably, the dispersion adhesive layer 5 is a non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition.

As a "non-reactive" dispersion adhesive composition, this document is directed to a dispersion adhesive composition that does not have polymers that react chemically with each other or with air at room temperature Such non-reactive dispersion adhesive compositions have, in particular, no isocyanate or alkoxysilane or epoxy or (meth) acrylate groups Thus, the non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition contains, in particular, no epoxides, in particular no epoxy-solid resins.

Furthermore, non-reactive dispersion adhesive compositions are present as dispersions. A "dispersion" is a heterogeneous mixture of at least two substances which do not dissolve or hardly dissolve or chemically combine with one another, and have two phases In the context of this invention, such dispersions are heterogeneous mixtures of a solid (suspension) or a liquid (Emulsion) understood in another liquid.

The liquid phase of the dispersion is preferably a solvent, in particular an organic solvent with a boiling point

Standard pressure of lower than 120 ° C, preferably lower than 90 ° C, or water. Preferably, the liquid phase is water. Therefore, the non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition is preferably an aqueous dispersion. Preferably, the dispersion adhesive composition has a liquid phase and a solid phase.

Since the composition is in the form of a dispersion, it goes without saying that, in this connection, such a solvent is not able to completely dissolve the solid phase of the solid phase or the second liquid. Most preferably, the liquid phase is water.

On the one hand non-reactive dispersion adhesive compositions based on polyesterpolyol-based polyurethane dispersions and, on the other hand, dispersions which contain copolymers of free-radical polymerization of at least two different monomers which contain at least one, preferably one unsaturated C =C double bond, have been obtained. shown.

Polyesterpolyol-based polyurethanes are preferably prepared from the reaction of polyisocyanates and preferably polyester polyols solid at room temperature. Polyester polyols in turn are obtained by polycondensation of hydroxycarboxylic acids or the polycondensation of aliphatic and / or aromatic polycarboxylic acids with dihydric or polyhydric alcohols, preferably short-chain polyols, preferably diols or triols having a molecular weight of less than 250 g / mol, in particular less than 150 g / mol, or polyether polyols and dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic anhydrides prepared in such a suitable stoichiometry that the reaction products have hydroxyl groups, and thus represent polyester polyols. Particularly preferred polyester polyols are condenser products of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol,

Propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5

Pentanediol, 3-methyl-1, 5-hexanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 8-octanediol, 1, 10-decanediol, 1, 12-dodecanediol, glycerol, 1, 1, 1-trimethylolpropane with organic di- ors Tricarboxylic acids, especially dicarboxylic acids, or their anhydrides or esters such as, for example, succinic, glutaric, adipic, trimethyladipic, suberic, azelaic, sebacic, maleic, fumaric, phthalic, phthalic, isophthalic, terephthalic, trimellitic and trimellitic anhydrides.

Particularly suitable monomers for the preparation of copolymers are selected from the group consisting of (meth) acrylic acid,

(Meth) acrylic acid esters, (meth) acrylic acid amides, ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, butadiene, isoprene, styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl esters and allyl ethers. Such copolymers are especially prepared by free radical emulsion or solvent polymerization. Due to the reaction mechanism, the polymerization takes place via the double bonds. Therefore, the copolymers also no longer have (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic ester or (meth) acrylamide groups.

As particularly preferred as such copolymers

Ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers.

Preferably, the non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition is or contains a polyurethane dispersion, in particular polyester dispersion based on a polyurethane polyol. Such a

Dispersion adhesive is available, for example, under the trade name SikaTherm®-4100 from Sika. It has been found to be particularly suitable for the non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition to be a polyurethane dispersion, more particularly a polyesterpolyol-based polyurethane dispersion, and at least one copolymer obtained from the free-radical polymerization of at least two monomers having at least one, preferably one, unsaturated C =C double bond an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, wherein the weight ratio between polyurethane dispersion and copolymer of at least two monomers having a C CC unsaturated double bond is 100: 0-30: 70, especially 50/50. The proportion of polyesterpolyol-based polyurethane and copolymer obtained from the radical polymerization of at least two monomers having at least one, preferably one, unsaturated C = C double bond in the weight of the total non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition preferably between 30 and 70 wt .-%, in particular between 50 and 40% by weight.

The non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition preferably has a liquid phase and a solid phase.

In particular, the solid phase comprises a polymer which is solid at room temperature. It is further preferred that the solid of the non-reactive

Dispersion adhesive composition has a melting temperature of 60-120 ° C, in particular from 70-90 ° C.

Examples of polymers which are solid at room temperature are the already mentioned and preferred polyester-polyol-based polyurethanes and copolymers which are obtained from the radical polymerization of at least two monomers having at least one, preferably one, unsaturated C =C double bond. The non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition is

preferably an aqueous dispersion.

In such an aqueous dispersion, the water content by weight of the entire non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition is preferably from 30 to 70% by weight, more preferably from 40 to 60% by weight. The solid or second liquid phase and the liquid phase are prepared in a conventional manner in the production. Particular preference is given to an in situ preparation, ie precursors which lead to the solid phase or second liquid phase are added to the liquid phase with intensive stirring and reacted with one another. A very suitable method for this is the emulsion polymerization of

at least two monomers having an unsaturated C = C double bond in the liquid phase, which can lead directly to a desired dispersion. It is also sometimes advantageous to have two or more already

Dispersions mix dispersions present together.

The preparation of such non-reactive dispersion adhesive compositions is carried out in a manner known to the person skilled in the art. In order to obtain the best possible dispersions, it is preferred that in the

Production of high-speed mixer, in particular rotor-stator dispersants, are used.

Furthermore, the non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition can have further constituents. Particularly suitable as further constituents are constituents which are selected from the group comprising plasticizers, adhesion promoters, UV absorbers, UV and heat stabilizers, optical brighteners, fungicides, pigments, dyes, fillers and drying agents.

The dispersion adhesive layer typically has one

Application weight of 50 to 1000 g / m ² , in particular from 200 to 800 g / m ² , preferably 200 to 400 g / m ² , on. The layer thickness of

Hotmelt adhesive layer is preferably between 50 and 500 microns, in particular between 100 and 300 microns. The non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition can be applied over the entire surface, in a raster or with a special pattern. Subsequently, the non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition is flashed off. It will be one with a ventilated one

Dispersion adhesive layer 5 provided membrane 4 is formed, which is tack-free at room temperature. The venting causes the solvent or water to volatilize. The so-called flash off time, i. that time which elapses from application of the non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition until the composition is dry, i. is tack-free, is preferably 10 to 240 minutes, especially 30 to 90 minutes.

The bleeding can be accelerated by a bleeding agent. For example, a blower, in particular an air blower, preferably with heated air, or an IR radiation source can serve as the venting means. The venting can be carried out at room temperature or at slightly elevated temperature, in particular at a temperature below 60 ° C.

The thus prepared dispersion-coated with adhesive dispersion membrane (4) can now be cut to length as required, cut off, rolled up or further processed directly. The rolls with the coated membranes can now be stored or transported as needed.

The membrane is preferably produced in one

industrial process in a film factory and the coated membrane arrives at the construction site preferably in the form of coated membrane from a roll used. This is advantageous in that venting does not have to be done on-site, which, if the dispersion adhesive composition is solvent-based, is workhygienic, safety and ecotoxicologically advantageous because the

Evaporating solvents can be trapped in a film factory easier and more efficient and thus prevents the solvents get into the environment or can ignite. In addition, there is no need to wait at the construction site until the dispersion composition has evaporated, thus allowing a much faster work on the construction site. Due to the property that the flashed dispersion adhesive composition is tack-free, the coated film can be easily rolled up and stored as a roll to save space and transport and rewind if necessary. Preferably, individual layers on the roll do not stick together, i. Preferably, in the, especially long, storage does not block the role. However, in certain-not preferred cases, blocking may be indicated by hanging up

Release paper, in particular a siliconized release paper, on the coated membrane before rolling completely prevent.

The membrane is on the surface of the tubbing due to the tackiness of the flashed dispersion adhesive composition

displaceable. Due to the weight of the adhesive-coated membrane, however, a certain minimum force is required for this displacement. This is advantageous because it is an unwanted

Moving can be prevented. Thus, for example, at

sloping surfaces largely prevented unwanted slipping or blowing away by low winds. The minimum force necessary for displacement can be adjusted on the one hand with the choice of additives (for example fillers) or the film thickness or on the other hand the surface structure of the flashed dispersion adhesive composition can decisively influence the static friction. Thus, for example, the static friction can be increased by a rough adhesive surface, which is, for example, the result of a non-uniform adhesive application or a raster-moderate adhesive application.

The method according to the invention comprises the step a) placing a membrane 4 having a

Dispersion adhesive layer 5 and a thermoplastic Schott layer 6 on the outer surface 2 and further on at least the outer surface 2 facing sides of the outer side surfaces 7, 8 of the tubbing, wherein the dispersion adhesive layer 5 the

Tubing 1 faces.

Preferably, the membrane 4 is placed on all the outer surface 2 facing sides of the outer side surfaces 7, 8 of the tubbing.

In a further step b) of the process, heat is supplied, so that the dispersion adhesive layer 5 melts.

Preferably, in step b) heat is applied such that the temperature of the hotmelt adhesive layer 5 does not exceed a temperature which is at least 20 ° C, preferably at least 30 ° C, more preferably at least 40 ° C below the melting point, i. below the softening point, the dispersion adhesive layer. The feeding of the heat in step b) may preferably take place during the

Laying the membrane 4 in step a), in particular in the gap 13 formed during the laying between the dispersion adhesive layer 5 and the tubbing 1, take place. In a further embodiment, in step b) the feeding of

Heat on the dispersion of the adhesive layer 5 opposite side of the membrane 4 and is on the thermoplastic Schott layer 6 on the

Dispersion adhesive layer 5 transferred. Preferably, the membrane 4 is deep-drawn after gluing the outer surface 2 by re-applying heat at least partially over the outer side surfaces.

This creates a continuous surfaces / edges composite. The supply of heat can be done by hot air, flame, induction or dielectric heating. The heat is preferably supplied in such a way that the heat does not exert too great a negative or negative thermal stress on the dispersion adhesive layer 5, the thermoplastic bulkhead layer 6 or the outer surface 2, or the sides of the outer side surfaces 7, 8 facing the outer surface 7, 8 of the tubbing.

As the dispersion adhesive composition melts, the dispersion adhesive composition becomes at least partially flowable, thereby ensuring intimate contact with the surface of the tubbing. The contact of the dispersion adhesive composition with the surface of the tubbings can be improved with pressure, which is applied for example via a roller, which is preferred in the context of the invention. The heating of the adhesive is carried out in particular to a

Adhesive temperature of 60 to 120 ° C, preferably 70 to 90 ° C.

In a step c) downstream of the step c) is the

Dispersion adhesive layer 5 is cooled to form an adhesive bond between the membrane 4 and the tubbing 1. This cooling is done

typically without further aids. In certain cases, however, it may be appropriate and advantageous if the tubbing is to be loaded or committed already after a particularly short time to accelerate the cooling. This can be done, for example, by cooling by a cooling means, for example by a blower, in particular an air blower, the membrane or the tubbing.

The supply of heat while melting the

Dispersion adhesive layer 5 in step b) can be carried out such that

in a step, the membrane 4 is placed only on the outer surface 2 and the steps b) and c) are carried out, and thereafter

in a further step, the membrane 4 on all the

Outside surface facing sides of the outer side surfaces 7, 8 is placed and steps b) and c) are performed. In such a method, the use of a non-reactive dispersion adhesive composition is particularly advantageous because it can be repeatedly melted and cooled again and still the adhesive bond between the membrane and the tubbing is guaranteed. For example, if, during the joining of the outer surface, areas of the dispersion adhesive layer are melted when heat is applied, which in the further step come to lie on a side of the outer side faces 7, 8 facing the outer surface and are connected thereto.

Furthermore, it may be advantageous, inter alia, if the membrane 4, which is placed on the outer surface 2 and the membrane 4, which on all of the outer surface facing sides of the

Outside surfaces 7, 8 is applied to two separate membranes. However, these must be so interconnected, in particular welded or glued, that the waterproofness is guaranteed.

Furthermore, it may be particularly advantageous if it is in the membrane 4, which is placed on the outer surface 2 and the membrane 4, which on all of the outer surface facing sides of the

Outside surfaces 7, 8 is placed to one and the same membrane acts. Further, it may be advantageous if before and / or during the

Cooling the dispersion adhesive layer in step c), in particular between step b) and c), the membrane is pressed onto the tubbing, in particular with a roller or a roller. FIGS. 3 and 4 show steps a) and b) of the method.

FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment. Here, in step a), the membrane 4 is placed on the outer surface 2 of the tubbing, the dispersion adhesive layer 5 facing the tubbing 1. Especially when the dispersion adhesive layer is tack-free

Dispersion adhesive layer is this can be moved on the outer surface, whereby, for example, a final positioning of the membrane is made possible.

Furthermore, FIG. 3 shows a variant of step b). Here, the supply of heat in step b) takes place during the laying of the

Dispersion adhesive layer in step a) in the during the application between the dispersion adhesive layer and the outer surface, respectively

Outer side surfaces, the gap formed by the tubbing 13. Due to the heat, the dispersion adhesive composition melts. As a result, the dispersion adhesive composition becomes soft or slightly sticky and can bond to the tubbing. In the subsequent step c), the dispersion adhesive composition is cooled again, whereby an adhesive bond between the membrane and the tubbing takes place.

FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment. Here, the

Heat by means of a heat source 14 in step b) on the

Dispersion adhesive layer 5 opposite side of the membrane 4 and is fed through the thermoplastic Schott layer 6 on the

Dispersion adhesive layer 5 transferred. As a result of the heat, the dispersion adhesive layer 5 is melted. As a result, the dispersion adhesive composition becomes at least partially fluid and is capable of melting

Contact the tubing. In the subsequent step c), the dispersion adhesive composition is cooled again, whereby an adhesive bond between the membrane and tubbing takes place.

The tubbing is preferably suitable for use in tunnels with a diameter of 0.5-50 m.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a building, in particular a tunnel, comprising a tubbing according to the invention. Examples

In the following, the invention will also be illustrated by way of examples.

A tunnel membrane Sikaplan® WP 1 100-21 HL, available from Sika AG, Switzerland, was coated with a non-reactive polyurethane dispersion adhesive SikaTherm®-4100 (non-reactive polyurethane dispersion adhesive), available from Sika Automotive GmbH, Germany, with the aid of a doctor blade. The coating weight of SikaTherm®-4100 was 250 g / m ² . SikaTherm®-4100 has a crossover temperature, determined by DTMA according to the method as described above, of about 1 10 ° C. The resulting membrane was heated at 80 ° C for 10 minutes in a Mathys oven. Subsequently, the coated membranes were applied by applying heat between the plate and membrane (Leister Fön (Electron), 500 ° C) on an optionally pretreated garden plate (conventional concrete walkway slab).

In a first sample, the garden plate was also coated with SikaTherm®-4100 using a roller (application weight 250 g / m ² ), and flashed for 30 minutes at 23 ° C.

In a second sample, the garden plate was coated as in the first sample but dried at 70 ° C for 10 minutes.

For the third sample, the dispersion adhesive was applied to the plate and membrane with a toothed spatula. The plate and membrane were then dried at 70 ° C for 30 min. The fourth sample was prepared analogously to the first sample, but without the dispersion adhesive being applied to the garden plate. The fifth sample was prepared analogously to the second sample. However, the bonding was carried out by applying the heat to the side of the membrane facing away from the adhesive layer. After cooling each sample for 1-2 minutes, very good strength could be observed by hand.

Of the samples 1 to 3, the peel and adhesive (in each case 90 ° peel angle) was determined in addition, for which the specimens were initially stored for 7 days at 23 ° C.

The peeling pull was determined on the basis of DIN EN 1372.

The following changes have been made to this standard: Instead of a fiber cement board, a garden tile made of concrete

used. The samples are not tested in a roller peel test.

Instead, the membrane was glued over the entire surface using heat on a garden plate with the dimensions 20x40 cm. Subsequently, parallel to the width with a carpet knife in each case a strip with the

Dimensions 5x20 cm cut out. The strip was placed in the middle of the tensile testing machine and the garden plate was attached. Subsequently, the force was determined with which the strip can be pulled off at an angle of 90 °. The values given in Table 1 are averages of five individual measurements. The Haftzug was determined in accordance with the SIA 271. Compared to this standard, the following changes have been made:

As a substrate, a garden plate with the masses 20x40 cm concrete was used. On this plate, the membrane was adhered to the entire surface using heat. Subsequently, a test puncher with a diameter of 50 mm was attached to the membrane with the aid of a superglue. After curing of the adhesive, the test value is determined at a take-off speed of 100 mm / min. The results of these measurements are shown in the following Table 1:

Table 1 :

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 tubbing

2 convex-curved outer surface

3 concave-curved inner surface

4 membrane

5 Dispersion adhesive layer

6 thermoplastic Schott layer

7 longitudinal side surface

8 front side surface

10 the outer side surfaces frame-shaped circumferential sealing groove

1 1 sealing body

12 sealing coating

13 gap

14 heat source

Claims

claims

Method for producing a tubbing made of concrete for lining a tunnel, in particular a traffic tunnel, wherein the tubbing

(1) a convex-curved outer surface (2) and one of the outer surface

(2) has opposite concave-domed inner surface (3) comprising the steps

a) placing a membrane (4) having a

Dispersion adhesive layer (5) and a thermoplastic

Schottschicht (6) on the outer surface (2) and further at least partially on at least one, in particular all, the outer surface (2) facing sides of the outer side surfaces (7, 8) of

Tubbing, the dispersion adhesive layer (5) facing the tubbing (1);

b) supplying heat while melting the

Dispersion adhesive layer (5);

c) cooling the dispersion adhesive layer (5) to form an adhesive bond between the membrane (4) and the tubbing (1).

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane is first attached to the outer surface, preferably glued, that the membrane has at least one protruding beyond the convex outer surface of the tubbing edge, and then the dispersion adhesive layer in the

protruding edge of the membrane after step c)

optionally melted by supplying heat and to form an adhesive bond between the membrane (4) and the

Outside surface of the tubbing or the membrane of a

is cooled adjacent to the tubbing.

A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tubbing a the outer side surfaces (7, 8) encircling Sealing groove (10), in which a sealing body (1 1) is arranged.

Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the bulkhead layer (6) partially, in particular up to the sealing groove (10), on all of the outer surface (2) facing sides of

Outside surfaces (7, 8) of the tubbing is placed.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized

characterized in that the thermoplastic Schott layer (6)

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) contains.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubbing between the outer surface (2) and the dispersion adhesive layer (5) has a sealing coating (12), wherein the sealing coating is selected from the group consisting of methacrylate resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, Polyurethane, preferably in the form of a dispersion adhesive, and polyurea.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealing coating (12) is further arranged at least partially on all outer side surfaces (7, 8).

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispersion adhesive in the dispersion adhesive layer (5) is a

Polyurethane dispersion adhesive, which is preferably an aqueous dispersion is.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispersion adhesive layer (5) comprises a copolymer which consists of the radical polymerization of at least two monomers having at least one, preferably one,

unsaturated C = C double bond is obtained, preferably one

Ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that the dispersion adhesive layer (5) has a

Dispersion adhesive comprises, which has a melting temperature in the range of 60 to 120 ° C, in particular from 70 to 90 ° C. 1 1. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that the dispersion adhesive layer (5) is a

Coating weight of 50 to 1000 g / m ² , in particular from 200 to 400 g / m ² , has. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step b) the supply of heat during the application of the membrane (4) in step a), in particular during the laying between the dispersion adhesive layer (5) and the

Tübbing (1) formed gap (13), takes place.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1- -1, characterized in that in step b) the supply of heat to the

Dispersion adhesive layer (5) opposite side of the membrane (4) and is transmitted via the thermoplastic Schott layer (6) on the dispersion adhesive layer (5), and preferably the

Membrane (4) after bonding the outer surface (2) by re-applying heat at least partially deep drawn over the outer side surfaces, so that a continuous surfaces / edges composite arises.

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step b) the supply of heat takes place such that the dispersion adhesive layer (5) does not have a temperature which is at least 20 ° C, preferably at least 30 ° C, below the melting point of the dispersion adhesive layer (5).

Building, in particular a tunnel, containing a tubbing obtained from a method according to one of claims 1-14.