EP2968049B1 - Système de suspension et de fixation corporelle et maillot à pression différentielle pour dispositifs de support du poids corporel - Google Patents

Système de suspension et de fixation corporelle et maillot à pression différentielle pour dispositifs de support du poids corporel Download PDF

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EP2968049B1
EP2968049B1 EP14762800.2A EP14762800A EP2968049B1 EP 2968049 B1 EP2968049 B1 EP 2968049B1 EP 14762800 A EP14762800 A EP 14762800A EP 2968049 B1 EP2968049 B1 EP 2968049B1
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Prior art keywords
suit
pressure
band
force
mammal
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2968049A2 (fr
EP2968049A4 (fr
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Douglas E. Johnson
John A. Hauck
Odd Osland
Mark T. Johnson
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Lite Run Inc
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Lite Run Inc
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Priority claimed from US13/839,204 external-priority patent/US9561149B2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H3/00—Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk about
    • A61H3/008—Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk about using suspension devices for supporting the body in an upright walking or standing position, e.g. harnesses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H3/00—Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk about
    • A61H3/04—Wheeled walking aids for patients or disabled persons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H9/00—Pneumatic or hydraulic massage
    • A61H9/005—Pneumatic massage
    • A61H9/0078—Pneumatic massage with intermittent or alternately inflated bladders or cuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/00181—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices comprising additional means assisting the user to overcome part of the resisting force, i.e. assisted-active exercising
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/0064—Attachments on the trainee preventing falling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H1/00—Apparatus for passive exercising; Vibrating apparatus; Chiropractic devices, e.g. body impacting devices, external devices for briefly extending or aligning unbroken bones
    • A61H1/02—Stretching or bending or torsioning apparatus for exercising
    • A61H1/0237—Stretching or bending or torsioning apparatus for exercising for the lower limbs
    • A61H1/024—Knee
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H1/00—Apparatus for passive exercising; Vibrating apparatus; Chiropractic devices, e.g. body impacting devices, external devices for briefly extending or aligning unbroken bones
    • A61H1/02—Stretching or bending or torsioning apparatus for exercising
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    • A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
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    • A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
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    • A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
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    • A61H2201/1602—Physical interface with patient kind of interface, e.g. head rest, knee support or lumbar support
    • A61H2201/1628—Pelvis
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
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    • A61H2201/164—Feet or leg, e.g. pedal
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    • A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/16—Physical interface with patient
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    • A61H2201/165—Wearable interfaces
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/50—Control means thereof
    • A61H2201/5058—Sensors or detectors
    • A61H2201/5071—Pressure sensors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2203/00—Additional characteristics concerning the patient
    • A61H2203/03—Additional characteristics concerning the patient especially adapted for animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2205/00—Devices for specific parts of the body
    • A61H2205/08—Trunk
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2205/00—Devices for specific parts of the body
    • A61H2205/10—Leg
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61H2209/00—Devices for avoiding blood stagnation, e.g. Deep Vein Thrombosis [DVT] devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H3/00—Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk about
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B22/00—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for conditioning the cardio-vascular system, for training agility or co-ordination of movements
    • A63B2022/0094—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for conditioning the cardio-vascular system, for training agility or co-ordination of movements for active rehabilitation, e.g. slow motion devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B22/00—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for conditioning the cardio-vascular system, for training agility or co-ordination of movements
    • A63B22/02—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for conditioning the cardio-vascular system, for training agility or co-ordination of movements with movable endless bands, e.g. treadmills
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B22/00—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for conditioning the cardio-vascular system, for training agility or co-ordination of movements
    • A63B22/20—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for conditioning the cardio-vascular system, for training agility or co-ordination of movements using rollers, wheels, castors or the like, e.g. gliding means, to be moved over the floor or other surface, e.g. guide tracks, during exercising
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2208/00—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player
    • A63B2208/05—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player the user being at least partly surrounded by a pressure different from the atmospheric pressure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2208/00—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player
    • A63B2208/14—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player specially adapted for animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/16—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for cycling, i.e. arrangements on or for real bicycles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/0009—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00 for handicapped persons

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the motion and physical health of the mammalian body, and more specifically to portable systems for assisting humans or other animals to medically rehabilitate or train specific body parts through the application to such body parts of differential pressure.
  • Vertebrate animals feature a flexible, bony skeletal framework that provides the body shape, protects vital organs, and enables the body to move.
  • the human skeleton comprises approximately 206 separate bones. These bones meet at joints, the majority of which are freely movable.
  • the skeleton also contains cartilage for elasticity, and muscular ligaments consisting of strong strips of fibrous connective tissue for holding the bones together at their joints.
  • the femur, fibula, tibia, and metatarsal bones of the legs and feet support the body and therefore bear its weight.
  • Muscles associated with the ilium, pubis, ischium, patella, tarsal, and phalanges bones provide the necessary bending of the hips, knees, ankles, and toes that are essential for humans to walk, run, climb, and engage in other locomotion activities.
  • the humerus, ulna and radius bones and metacarpal and phalanges bones form the arms and hands, respectively.
  • Muscles associated with the clavicle, scapula, and carpals enable the arm to bend or flex at the shoulder or elbow, and the hand to flex at the wrist and fingers, which is useful for lifting, carrying, and manipulating objects.
  • Exoskeletons entail external support systems made from strong materials like metal or plastic composite fibers shaped for supporting proper posture of the human body.
  • Honda Motor Co. has employed "walking assist devices" for its automotive factory workers to support bodyweight for reducing the load on assembly line workers' legs while they walk, move up and down stairs, and engage a semi-crouching position throughout a work shift.
  • the U.S. military has experimented with exoskeletons for its soldiers to enable them to carry heavy equipment packs and weapons.
  • the body must be connected to the exoskeleton at the limbs and other parts by means of straps and other mechanical attachment devices.
  • the exoskeleton's motor must be regulated by various sensors and controls, and driven by hydraulics, pneumatics, springs, or other motorized mechanical systems. These can be cumbersome and expensive systems that do not necessarily reduce the stress on the body caused by gravity.
  • NSA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,133,339 issued to Whalen et al.
  • the differential pressure is applied to the lower half of the person's body that is sealed within a fixed chamber to create a force that partially counteracts the gravitational force on the body.
  • a treadmill contained within the sealed chamber allows the person to exercise.
  • this Whalen system requires a large, immobile pressure chamber containing a treadmill. Such a system is expensive and requires cumbersome entry and exit by the person. It will not enable the person any other means of exercise besides the treadmill.
  • Pressurized bodysuits have also been used within the industry for several different applications.
  • U.S. Published Application 2002/0116741 filed by Young discloses a bodysuit with integral supports and internal air bladders that are filled with pressurized air. This air pressure exerts force against the muscles of a person wearing the suit to tone them during daily activities.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,460,195 issued to Wang illustrates exercise shorts with buckled belts, air bags, and a vibrator that directs pulses of pressurized air to the body to work off fat and lift the hips.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,589,366 issued to Feather teaches exercise pants from which air is evacuated, so that the pants cling to the body of an exerciser to cause sweating, thereby leading to weight loss.
  • the U.S. military has also employed pressurized suits of various designs for protecting fighter pilots from debilitating external G-forces. Due to rapid changes in speed and direction, the fighter pilot's body undergoes very high accelerations. This normally forces the pilot's oxygen-laden blood away from the portion of the circulatory system between the heart, lungs and brain, pooling instead toward the blood vessels of the lower extremities. As a result, the pilot can lose situational awareness and spatial orientation. A pilot's bodysuit pressurized against the blood vessels of the legs can force the oxygen-laden blood back to the head and torso of the pilot. See U.S. Patent Nos. 2,762,047 issued to Flagg et al. ; 5,537,686 issued to Krutz, Jr. et al.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,997,465 issued to Savage et al. discloses a pants bodysuit made from metal or polymer "memory material" that is heated by electrical current to form around the body, and then cooled to apply pressure for treating this G-forces phenomenon.
  • Pressurized bodysuits have been used previously for other purposes, such as splinting leg fractures, stopping bleeding from wounds, treating shock, and supporting the posture of partially paralyzed patients. See, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 3,823,711 issued to Hatton ; 3,823,712 issued to Morel ; 4,039,039 issued to Gottfried ; and 5,478,310 issue to Dyson-Cartwell et al. Bodysuits can also have air between the suit and the body evacuated by vacuum to draw the suit into close contact with the body. See U.S. Patent Nos. 4,230,114 issued to Feather ; 4,421,109 issued to Thornton ; and 4,959,047 issued to Tripp, Jr . See also U.S. Published Application 2006/0135889 filed by Egli .
  • Such pressurized body suits have not previously been used to rehabilitate skeletal joint injuries or minimize conditions that cause erectile dysfunction. Moreover, they have typically been used only in stationary situations like a sitting pilot due to the problem of air pressure forcing the body suit off the lower torso. In some applications like weight-loss patients, suspender straps have been required to overcome this downwards migration of the bodysuit pants.
  • a pressurized bodysuit that can be used to apply localized differential pressure to a lower or upper body part for injury rehabilitation or minimization, coupled with an external support or pressure condition control system would be beneficial, particularly due to its portable nature.
  • Such a pressurized body suit system could be worn by a patient, athlete, or other person within a variety of settings to perform a variety of different functions.
  • Ambulatory assist devices such as walkers, rollators, are used to assist elderly or physically-impaired people undergoing rehabilitation, or people suffering from gait and balance problems due to strokes, Parkinson's and other neurological disorders. These devices are used to provide balance and some measure of body weight support often by the person using their arms and hands. Use of these devices requires the disabled person raise himself from a sitting position to a standing position in order to use the device to ambulate. However, physically impaired people often lack the strength and or balance in order to raise themselves from a sitting to a standing position without assistance. This prevents people from independently using ambulatory assist devices. Also providing personnel for assistance entails additional costs for rehabilitation institutions or in providing home care.
  • Walkers that incorporate a means for assisting a seated person to stand are commercially available or otherwise known in the art.
  • U.S. Patent 7363931 which provides lifting arms to assist in standing.
  • One commercially available device is "The New Lift Walker” available from newliftwalker.com. It incorporates a harness and arm supports and a pneumatic lift device to assist in raising a person from a seated to a standing position. These devices generally lack having a body weight support capability. Instead the person is able to provide some body weight support using their arms and hands as supports.
  • Some mobility assist devices utilize a harness to provide body weight support.
  • harness systems have the drawbacks we have described earlier. There is a need for improved mobility assist devices that provide both improved means of body weight support and a means for assisting a person to raise himself from a seated to a standing position.
  • the wheeled support aid with lift mechanism may utilize electric or pneumatic power sources or both.
  • the current body weight support method utilizes an overhead harness support mechanism for which commercial systems are available.
  • One harness system is exemplified by U.S. Patent No. 6,302,828 issued to Martin et al. Consisting of an overhead frame to which is connected a raiseable body harness, such a system supports a portion of a person's body weight as he, e.g., walks or runs on a treadmill in order to diminish downward forces on the body joints. Harnesses for body weight support attach upper torso and the pulling force on the body is directly upwards. This restricts the natural position of the body during running and walking to a forward leaning position.
  • harness systems pull the upper body directly upwards from the chest they are can provide too much stability for balance training.
  • Another issue with the harness based body weight support is that the harness supporting the subject decreases the need for natural associated postural adjustments (APAs) that are required for independent gait.
  • the main site for an active control of balance during gait is the step-to step mediolateral placement of the foot.
  • any mediolateral movement is restricted by a medially directed reaction force component that will help stabilize the body in the frontal plane and decrease or even eliminate the need for APAs making gait and balance training less effective.
  • the straps and attachment devices create localized pressure points and stresses on the body, and restrict the range of motion of the body and its limbs. In particular the straps around the thighs and groin interfere with the back and forth rotation of the legs.
  • a differential pressure body suit with external support against body suit migration is provided by the invention.
  • such body suit may comprise a close-fitting, multi-layered suit sealed against a person's skin to contain the differential pressure, or a looser-fitting space suit that bends at the joints with minimal force.
  • External support means include either fixed or movable mechanical supports attached to the body suit, extraordinary air pressure levels for making the body suit rigid, or exoskeletons attached to the body suit.
  • This differential pressure body suit provides a portable and convenient system for rehabilitating a skeletal joint injury or training for injury prevention or athletic performance.
  • the pressurization reduces the weight of the body to greater or lesser extents, and offloads the weight to the ground through the external support means.
  • the body suit is flexible and has joints that can flex with minimal force even under pressure.
  • a stand up walker for supporting body weight in a standing position is provided with a pair of upper lift arms pivotally mounted on a walker frame and having lift spring means mounted on the walker frame.
  • US 2012/238921 A1 discloses various embodiments of differential air pressure systems and methods of using and calibration such systems for individuals with impaired mobility.
  • the differential air pressure systems may comprise an access assist device configured to help a mobility impaired user to stand in a pressure chamber configured to apply a positive pressure on a portion of the user's body in the seals pressure chamber.
  • Harness systems use ropes straps and or cables to attach the harness system to the overhead counter-weight system.
  • a natural walking or running gait consists of body movements or rotations about various axes of the body. It is important that the connecting system not unduly restrict these movements. There is a need for body weight support systems that do not restrict natural body movements.
  • the present invention provides a lift-assisted mobility device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 2. Embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.
  • a differential pressure body suit with external support against body suit migration provides body weight support in a way that does not restrict one's natural body movements that occur while walking or running.
  • the disclosure is an improved system for a body weight support device for connecting a person's body to the weight off-loading components of the device (referred here to a constant-force adjustment mechanism) so as not to restrict natural body movements.
  • a body weight support device for connecting a person's body to the weight off-loading components of the device (referred here to a constant-force adjustment mechanism) so as not to restrict natural body movements.
  • such body suit may comprise a close-fitting, multi-layered suit sealed against a mammal's skin to contain the differential pressure, or a looser-fitting suit that bends at the mammal's joints with minimal force.
  • External support means include either fixed or movable mechanical supports attached to the body suit, extraordinary air pressure levels for making the body suit rigid, or exoskeletons attached to the body suit.
  • a cyclic control system can turn the differential pressure condition within the body suit on and off on a selective basis to accommodate the movement of the legs of the mammal.
  • This differential pressure body suit provides a portable and convenient system for rehabilitating a skeletal joint injury or training the mammal for injury prevention, athletic performance, or fat reduction, or assisting the mobility of the physically disabled.
  • the pressurization reduces the weight of the body to greater or lesser extents, and offloads the weight to the ground through the external support means.
  • the body suit is flexible and has joints that can flex with minimal force even under pressure.
  • the invention can also be used to assist the mobility for, e.g., the elderly or disabled people, who have common problems such as degenerative hips or knees by reducing the stress on their joints.
  • This includes a lift-assisted mobility device for enabling a person to stand from a sitting position with minimal effort and receive support while standing in a mobile environment.
  • the alternating pressure/depressurization cycle can provide medical benefits via the body suit similar to massage, or by enhancing venous return of blood to the heart for, e.g., people suffering from varicose veins or other vascular disorders.
  • the system can also facilitate proper posture, and avoid bed sores caused by prolonged horizontal contact by the body with the bed. This is not a purely mechanical system for supporting bodily motion, such as an exoskeleton. This invention is useful not only for humans, but also for other animals like dogs, cats, and horses.
  • a differential pressure body suit with external support against body suit migration is provided.
  • such body suit may comprise a close-fitting, multi-layered suit sealed against a mammal's skin to contain the differential pressure, or a looser-fitting space suit that bends at the mammal's joints with minimal force.
  • External support means include either fixed or movable mechanical supports attached to the body suit, extraordinary air pressure levels for making the body suit rigid, or exoskeletons attached to the body suit.
  • a cyclic control system can turn the differential pressure condition within the body suit on and off on a selective basis to accommodate the movement of the legs of the mammal.
  • This differential pressure body suit provides a portable and convenient system for rehabilitating a skeletal joint injury or training the mammal for injury prevention, athletic performance, or fat reduction, or assisting the mobility of the physically disabled.
  • the pressurization reduces the weight of the body to greater or lesser extents, and offloads the weight to the ground through the external support means.
  • the body suit is flexible and has joints that can flex with minimal force even under pressure.
  • the invention can also be used to assist the mobility for, e.g., the elderly or disabled people, who have common problems such as degenerative hips or knees by reducing the stress on their joints.
  • the alternating pressure/depressurization cycle can provide medical benefits via the body suit similar to massage, or by enhancing venous return of blood to the heart for, e.g., people suffering from varicose veins or other vascular disorders.
  • This is not a purely mechanical system for supporting bodily motion, such as an exoskeleton.
  • differential pressure means the difference in pressure conditions across opposite sides of the body suit, such as a positive pressure or negative (vacuum) pressure condition contained inside the suit, and an atmospheric pressure condition on the outside of the suit.
  • atmospheric pressure is equal to 101352.93 N/m 2 (14.7 Ibs/in2 ("psi")
  • the internal pressurized condition of the body suit is 108247.69 N/m 2 (15.7 psi)
  • the differential pressure applied by the body suit to the mammal wearing the body suit is 6894.76 N/m 2 (1.0 psi).
  • Such differential pressure can also be represented as ⁇ P within this application.
  • positive pressure means any pressure level in excess of atmospheric pressure.
  • negative pressure means any pressure level less than atmospheric pressure.
  • a vacuum is an example of such a negative pressure. Partial vacuums are also covered by this invention.
  • body portion means any part of the body to which the differential pressure condition is applied by the body suit. Examples include, without limitation, feet, legs, knees, hips, shoulders, arms, elbows, torso, and the back.
  • body suit means a single or multi-layered, close-fitting or loose-fitting suit capable of containing a positive or vacuum pressure condition that covers a predetermined body portion. Examples include, without limitation, trunks, shorts, full-length pants, such pants that cover the feet, shirts, and chest or arm segments.
  • the suit is provided with a means for creating the positive or negative (vacuum) pressure condition within the suit. Such a means may be a port connected to an air pressure control system.
  • pressure-tight means with respect to the body suit that the material forming such body suit is capable of containing a positive or negative pressure condition without substantial diminishment over a time period that is relevant to the usage of the body suit.
  • pressure tightness does not require an absolute absence of any loss of pressure or vacuum, nor does it require maintenance of the positive pressure or vacuum condition within the suit for a time period greater than the time interval during which the suit is worn for an exercise or therapeutic treatment session, or beyond which such positive pressure or vacuum condition can reasonably be replenished within such exercise or therapeutic session.
  • mammal means any of a class of higher vertebrates comprising humans and all other animals that nourish their young with milk secreted by mammary glands, and have the skin usually more or less covered with hair.
  • animals include, without limitation, horses, dogs, and cats.
  • a human runner will be used as an exemplary mammal for purposes of describing the assisted motion system of the present invention. It is important to appreciate, however, that any other type of mammal for any other kind of exercise, life activity, or rehabilitative activity is covered by this application, as well.
  • the assisted motion system 10 of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1 .
  • this system is portable, thereby enabling the runner 12 to enjoy exercising outdoors on the road or a trail.
  • the runner wears a differential pressurized pant suit 14 that extends downwardly from the runner's waist 16 and covers the feet 18.
  • the runner's legs 20 are depicted inside the differential pressurized suit 14 in broken lines 22.
  • the differential pressurized suit 14 is constructed of air-tight material, and affords easy movement by the body and limbs of runner 12 while running.
  • the suit 14 is sealed against the body at the waist 16.
  • air pressure condition P above atmospheric pressure P atm is added to the volumetric region 24 defined between the runner's legs 20 and the suit 14, a differential pressure condition ⁇ P is created in which the runner's lower body portion contained within the suit 14 experiences a higher pressure condition than the runner's upper body 26, which only experiences P atm .
  • Due to this pressure differential ⁇ P an upwards force is exerted on the runner 12 by the higher air pressure contained inside the suit 14, thereby acting to diminish the weight of the runner's body.
  • Runner 12 thereby experiences a reduced weight on his feet, knees, legs, and lower body when he runs in this differential pressurized suit 14, compared with if he ran without the suit.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the various vector forces on the runner's body.
  • the runner 12 and the differential pressurized suit 14 are depicted separately in Figs. 2a and 2b , respectively, for ease of understanding.
  • the force from gravity exerted on the runner's body mass is shown as F g .
  • the suit 14 is sealed to the runner's body at the waist 16, and pressurized to pressure P to create the differential pressure condition ⁇ P between the upper and lower bodies.
  • the cross-sectional area of the body at waist 16 is depicted as area A w .
  • the positive pressure P is directed against the body and legs 20.
  • the differential pressure condition ⁇ P results in an upwards-directed resultant force F b on the body located at the centroid 17 of cross-sectional area A w .
  • Fb ⁇ P ⁇ A w
  • Figure 2b illustrates the various vector forces on the suit 14.
  • the cross-sectional area of the suit at waist 16 is depicted as A s .
  • a s should approximate A w .
  • the positive pressure differential ⁇ P also results in a downwards directed force F s on the suit 14.
  • a suit pressurized to a pressure differential ⁇ P of 0.5 psi having a cross-sectional waist area A s of 100 square inches is subject to a 50 lb downwards force.
  • external support 26 constitutes a frame 28 that is operatively connected to wheels 30.
  • the suit is attached to the frame 28 at attachment points 29.
  • the supported differential pressurized suit 14 is able to diminish the weight of the runner's body without contacting the body.
  • the support structure prevents force F s from pulling the differential pressurized suit 14 off runner 12.
  • runner 12 can go anywhere with the motion-assisted system 10, instead of being confined to a stationary or pressure chambers as with prior art systems.
  • differential pressurized suit 14 is shown in greater detail in Figs. 3-4 . Close fitting suits provide the advantage of greater mobility for runner 12. Suit 14 is constructed from at least three layers of material. Figure 3 shows a cut-away view of the suit illustrating its different layers.
  • the fabric for this air-tight layer which is closest to the body may be formed from any pressure-tight material that is also sufficiently flexible to afford mobility by the runner. Examples include, without limitation, latex rubber, neoprene, and air-tight elastic fabrics like latex-coated Lycra. This fabric should be sufficiently thin and elastic to provide comfort without restriction.
  • suit 14 is about 0.0508 - 1.016 mm (0.002 - 0.040 inch) thick, more preferably about 0.127 - 0.381 mm (0.005 - 0.015 inch) thick, still more preferably about 0.254 mm (0.010 inch) thick.
  • the elasticity of the material can be expressed by spring rate, which is the force necessary to double a 25.4 mm thick (one-inch-thick) strip of fabric.
  • this spring rate should be about 90.72 - 907.18 g (0.2 - 2.0 lbs), more preferably about 226.80 - 680.39 g (0.5 - 1.5 lbs), still more preferably about 453.6 g (1.0 lb).
  • Two outer layers 36 and 38 of the differential pressurized suit 14 composition prevent the suit from expanding due to the force applied by positive pressure P, while maintaining the shape of the suit to fit closely to the body.
  • This close fit provides for ease of mobility of the body and its limbs 20. It also prevents the legs of the suit from contacting each other during the running motion. Moreover, this close fit of the suit reduces the volume of pressurized air or other suitable gas in contact with the body joints in order to facilitate bending of the legs.
  • the fabric for these first and second outer layers 36 and 38 should be composed of mesh, netting, or other suitable fabric.
  • Suitable mesh material is available from Apex Mills Corporation of Inwood, New York. This mesh or netting is constructed to mostly be non-extending along one axis, and elastic or extensible along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis.
  • Exemplary mesh materials include, without limitation, nylon-Lycra that can be knit or braided, or a monofilament like nylon or Dacron.
  • the first outer layer 36 serves to prevent the suit 14 from expanding circumferentially.
  • the circumferential direction of expansion is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the legs and body fabric.
  • the fabric is oriented so that its non-extending axis follows this direction.
  • the fabric can be more specifically oriented so that its non-extending axis follows lines on the body in which the skin does not stretch or extend during bending or other movement. These lines are known within the industry as "lines-of-non-extension.” Lines of non-extension run both parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the legs and body. This first layer of fabric preferably would follow the perpendicular lines of non-extension.
  • the second outer layer 38 serves to prevent the suit 14 from expanding longitudinally under pressure.
  • This fabric layer is oriented, so that its axis of non-extension generally follows lines that are generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the legs and body.
  • the fabric can be more specifically oriented in this direction to follow longitudinal lines on the body in which the skin does not stretch or extend during bending or other movement.
  • This second outer fabric layer 38 which is mostly non-extensible in the vertical direction of an upright body effectively carries the vertical downward load on the suit resulting from the positive pressure differential.
  • Differential pressurized suit 14 may also feature additional layers of nylon 40 between the body 20 and the air-tight inner layer 30, and 42 and 44 between the inner 30 and first outer layer 36, and two outer layers 36 and 38, respectively, in order to enable the suit and layers to slip relative to one another on the body to improve the runner's mobility.
  • Air-tight zippers 46 positioned along the suit 14 near its waist 16 and feet 18 portions allow for easy entry and removal of the suit.
  • Such air-tight zippers are available from YKK (U.S.A.) Inc. of Marietta, Georgia.
  • the suit 14 may feature an inner vent layer 48 that provides airflow and moisture control. In other embodiments these layers can be separately combined into a single layer that provides the same basic functioning as for the separate layers described above.
  • a band 54 serves to attach the suit 14 to the supporting structure 28.
  • This band is attached to the supporting structure with a fitting 29, such as a threaded collar receiving threaded ends extending from support structure 28.
  • the band should conform to the generally elliptical shape of waist cross-section A w that surrounds the suit 14 at the waist 16.
  • This band serves an additional purpose of containing the outward pressure force in order to enhance the radial inward force as the suit is filled with pressure. This assures that the suit will conform closely to the body at the waist 16.
  • the band 54 may be made from any suitable material that is strong enough to contain this outwardly-directed force, including metal, plastic, or composites. It may be made moldable to the general shape of the runner's waist, using a thermoset plastic material. The band 54 may alternatively be formed from a strong, flexible fabric, such as nylon. The suit 14 may be attached and detached from the band 54, using a Velcro fastening system. Other mechanical fastening systems such as straps, snaps, or hooks engaging eyelets may also be utilized. Alternatively, the band can constitute an integral part of the suit. The band may be in two pieces hinged and fitted with a locking clasp to allow for easy entry.
  • the suit covers the entire lower legs and feet, so that the entire lower body below the waist is airtight.
  • a seal 40 is connected to the waist of suit 14 with an airtight connection, so that air pressure cannot escape between the suit and the seal. While the seal 40 may be positioned at the waist area, it may also be located lower, below the hips, or somewhere in between.
  • the seal 40 constitutes an airtight band of material that fits tightly over the body. As shown more clearly in Fig. 6 , it is attached to the suit 14 at 55.
  • This seal 40 is preferably constructed of elastic neoprene, or any other airtight material, such as rubber, latex, or a rubber-coated Lycra. Suitable latex rubber sheeting is available from Rubber Cal of Santa Ana, California.
  • the seal should be sufficiently wide across the waist area of the suit to provide for a sufficient airtight closure.
  • the circumference of the seal 40 should be less than the unstretched circumference of the body part that is circumscribed by the seal, so that when the seal 40 is secured around the body part (in this case, the waist area), a positive pressure is applied by the seal to the underlying skin.
  • the suit 14 and associated seal 40 Combined with the air at pressure P that is introduced into the suit 14 within the volume between the suit's airtight inner layer 30 and the runner's body skin, the suit 14 and associated seal 40 maintain a relatively airtight seal in order to confine the volume of air pressure P inside the suit.
  • the seal 40 is sufficiently airtight that it provides enough sealing force to maintain the air pressure inside the suit using the air control system.
  • FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of a waist seal for suit 14.
  • the waist seal can comprise an airtight pair of shorts 53 that are connected to the interior of the suit.
  • Such shorts can be tight-fitting, airproof neoprene compression shorts that provide a tight fit against the body.
  • These shorts can be connected to the suit at the waist by means of an airproof zipper.
  • the shorts can also consist of a tight-fitting, breathable fabric that has a band of airproof latex or rubber coating at the top or bottom portion to provide the airproof seal against the body.
  • the seal can consist of an inflatable air tube seal 50, as shown in Fig. 8 .
  • This inflatable tube seal circumscribes the waist, and is attached via an airtight connection to the exterior of the suit. When inflated with air, the tube seal 50 expands and applies an inwardly directed force to the waist to compress it against the skin to confine the air pressure P condition inside the suit.
  • suit 14 when suit 14 is pressurized, it maintains a shape close to the body, while affording mobility of the body and limbs.
  • a port 56 is provided in the suit to allow for pressurizing and depressurizing the suit.
  • An air control system 58 connected to an associated pressurized air source 59 maintains the positive pressure condition P inside the suit.
  • the air control system 58 may also control the humidity and temperature levels existing inside the suit.
  • the suit may be statically pressurized once, and then worn by the person without the control system 58. When operating in this manner, the seal 40 maintains the pressure condition for the duration of the time period that the suit is worn.
  • the suit may be worn for time periods ranging between minutes for brief exercises to days for medical rehabilitation.
  • pressurized air to fill the suit
  • pressurized gases include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and argon.
  • gases must be non-toxic and not harmful to body skin, or else an inner layer must be worn between the gas and the skin to protect the skin and body.
  • the differential pressurized suit 52 shown in Fig. 9 comprises a full-length pair of pants which also completely cover the feet. Airtight zippers 60 assist entry into the waist region of the pants. Airtight zippers 62 do the same for ankle regions. Finally, airtight zippers 64 allow the foot portion 66 of the suit 52 to be attached to the pants portion 68 after the feet are inserted through the pant legs.
  • a differential pressurize suit 70 is depicted in Fig. 10 .
  • the suit extends from the waist 72 to the ankles 74 without covering the feet, and is sealed at the ankle.
  • the waist seal is as described above, and may include a rigid band 54 surrounding an air bladder.
  • the ankle seals 76 are shown in greater detail in Fig. 11 , and comprise a sleeve seal 41 connected inside the suit leg 70 that is constructed of elastic neoprene, or another airtight elastic material, such as rubber, latex, or a rubber-coated Lycra.
  • the sleeve seal 41 can be a tight-fitting, airproof neoprene compression sleeve that provides a tight fit over the ankle and lower calf.
  • the sleeve seal 41 should be long enough to provide for a sufficiently airtight closure between the seal and the body skin.
  • the unstretched circumference of the ankle sleeve seal 41 should be less than the circumference of the ankle and lower calf, so that when the sleeve seal 41 is secured around the ankle, a positive pressure is applied by the seal to the underlying skin by the elastic tension of the seals. In this manner, when the suit is pressurized with air to pressure condition P, the pressurized air is substantially contained within the suit 70.
  • suit 70 By having suit 70 end at the ankles, motion by the foot will not be impaired by the foot portion of the suit.
  • the suit 70 may also be put on more easily.
  • the wearer may wear normal-sized shoes.
  • a w is the cross-sectional area of the waist.
  • a a is the cross-sectional area of each ankle.
  • Fig. 12 Another embodiment of differential pressurized suit 80 is shown in Fig. 12 .
  • suit 80 extends to just above the knee. It is sealed at the waist 82 and at the knees 84.
  • the waist seal 86 is as describe above.
  • the knee seals 88 are shown in greater detail in Fig. 13 .
  • the sleeve seal 81 is an airtight sleeve connected to the interior of the suit 80 that fits tightly over the lower thigh. The sleeve seal should be long enough to provide for a sufficiently airtight closure.
  • the circumference of the knee sleeve seal 81 should be less than the unstretched circumference of the lower thigh, so that when the seal 81 is secured around the knee, a positive pressure is applied by the seal to the underlying skin.
  • This sleeve seal 81 is preferably constructed of elastic neoprene, or any other air-tight material, such as rubber, latex, or rubber-coated Lycra.
  • An advantage provided by this suit 80 is that the runner's knee and lower leg are free to move without any restriction posed by suit 80. This suit 80 is also easier to put on and take off.
  • a k ⁇ P is the difference in pressure between pressure condition P contained inside the suit 80 and atmospheric pressure P atm existing outside the suit 80.
  • a w is the cross-sectional area of the waist.
  • a K is the cross-sectional area of the spot on each leg just above the knee where seals 88 engage the leg.
  • the pressurized air is contained within the body suit by means of an air-tight bladder 29 illustrated in an expanded view of the layers of the suit.
  • the bladder consists of an airproof inner layer 31 and outer layer 33. The two layers are joined at the top and bottom of the suit to form an air-tight bladder.
  • This bladder is essentially two identical air-proof layers, nested one inside the other, and sealed together at the top waist area and bottom of each leg of the suit.
  • the inner layer presses against the skin and the outer layer presses against the outer constraining layers 36 and 38.
  • a frontal view of the bladder 29 is shown in Fig. 15 .
  • a side view of the bladder is shown in Fig. 16 .
  • the bladder 29 contains air at pressure condition P.
  • the bladder may be used for the various embodiments of the pressure suits described herein, including a bladder that extends from the waist to around the foot, a bladder that extends from the waist to the ankle, and a bladder that extends from the waist to above the knee.
  • Fig. 17 of differential pressurized suit 90 This embodiment consists of an independent suit 92 and 93 for each leg, having leg openings 94 near the upper thigh.
  • the upper thigh seals 95 can extend diagonally from the upper thigh at the groin on the inner side of the leg to the hip on the outer side of the leg. At is the cross-sectional area of the spot on each leg at the upper thigh where seals 95 engage the leg.
  • Each leg suit 92, 93 covers the entire lower leg and foot, so that the entire leg below the thigh seal 95 is airtight.
  • the leg suits are attached by means of straps 96 to a rigid band 98 that is provided near the waist. This band may alternatively constitute a strong, flexible fabric.
  • the band 98 is then attached to a supporting structure (not shown).
  • the leg suits may be attached directly to the support frame by means of straps 96.
  • the positive pressure differential ⁇ P contained in the leg suits 92, 93 results in an upwards-directed resultant force F b applied to the body located at the centroid 97 of the cross-sectional area A t .
  • F b 2 ⁇ P ⁇ A t
  • ⁇ P the difference in pressure between the positive pressure P condition inside the suit and atmospheric pressure P atm outside the suit.
  • a w is the cross-sectional area of the waist region. At is the cross-sectional area of each upper thigh region.
  • the various configurations of suits described above provide high to lower amounts of upwards force F b on the body, depending upon the location of the seals.
  • their body anatomy is such that A a ⁇ A K .
  • the independent leg suits 92, 93 also provide for a higher to lower amount of upwards force on the body.
  • pressurized gases like air have been discussed as the pressurizing medium for the differential pressurized suit 14
  • positive pressure applied against a body and its limbs can be created by other means.
  • a fabric or elastic material 102 circumferentially kept under tension around a leg 104 can be employed, as depicted in Fig. 18 .
  • the material 102 exerts a tension Tc that creates an inwardly-directed radial force Fr on the body that is normal to the surface of the leg.
  • the effect of this force within this circumferential tension system 100 is similar to the effect of positive pressure developed by air pressure -- i.e., a net upwards force is created on the body.
  • an elastic material can provide this circumferential tension.
  • the "suit" is constructed by a multitude of windings of an elastic material that is perpendicular in direction to the axis of the leg 104, and non-extensional in the longitudinal direction of the leg.
  • the suit is sized to be smaller than the body, so that a tension is developed when the suit is put on.
  • the suit can be placed under tension through the use of zippers, or by cinching up the suit via lacing, tied in a knot after it is put on.
  • Suits of this circumferential tension embodiment 100 may be similar in degree of coverage, as discussed above -- e.g., waist-to-above-the-knee, waist-to-ankle, waist-to-around-foot; upper thigh/hip-to-above-knee; upper thigh/hip-to-above-ankle; upper thigh/hip-to-around-foot.
  • An air bladder 106 positioned under a portion of the wrap 102 against the leg 104 may be utilized to create further tension inside the suit 100.
  • This air bladder should have a small width, and extend longitudinally along the body under the wrap 102.
  • the bladder 106 is inflated with a gas like pressurized air, the wrap 102 is placed under tension.
  • only a small amount of air is required to create the positive pressure on the body, because the wrap 102, itself, also contributes positive pressure via the tension.
  • the wrap material can allow for breathability and the transfer of moisture away from the body.
  • Shaped memory alloys like nickel titanium or shaped polymers may likewise be used to provide the tension in a circumferentially-tensioned pressure suit.
  • An electric current can be applied to cause the material to change in shape to conform to the underlying body's shape, and create circumferential tension.
  • Shaped memory alloys or polymers can be woven into fabric that the suit is constructed of.
  • a looser-fitting suit 110 may also be employed, as shown in Fig. 19 .
  • the legs of the suit 110 may extend downwardly to just above the knee, above the ankle, or cover the entire foot, as described above.
  • Seals 112 can be provided around the waist and at the bottom edges of the suit if the suit does not extend around the feet. Exemplary locations include: upper seals 112 at the waist or upper-thigh-to-hip; lower seals at above the knee or above the ankle.
  • Mobility of the body 114 and lower legs 116 is provided by constant volume joints positioned at the waist 118, knee 120, and ankles 122, respectively, of the suit 110.
  • W work
  • P the constant pressure
  • ⁇ V the change in volume.
  • a constant-volume joint allows the cross-sectional area of the joint of the suit to maintain a constant volume of pressurized air P during bending of the body, so that the work, and thus the force, required to bend the joint is minimized.
  • the constant volume joints consist of baffles and tensioning straps along the sides of the joint to prevent the baffles from extending.
  • Other types of constant-volume joints known in the prior art, such as "Space Suit Mobility Joints described in U.S. Patent No. 4,151,612 , and which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, may also be utilized.
  • the suit shown in Fig. 19 has constant volume joints positioned at the waist-through-the-hip section and at the knee.
  • a constant volume joint at the knee 120 allows the leg to bend and move at the knee with the motion of walking or running without the need for undue force.
  • An airproof boot 124 is worn and the constant volume joint 122 is utilized to allow for mobility.
  • Pressurized gas 126 such as air
  • a person wearing the suit 110 may exercise on a treadmill 127, but portable pressurized gas systems are also possible.
  • a rubberized nylon can be utilized to construct a single-layer suit. This can be sewn into the appropriate shape using a standard sewing machine.
  • Thigh seals can be made from a commercially-purchased neoprene compression sleeve. Compression sleeves are available from Advanced Brace of Irving, Texas. Neoprene compression shorts are available from the same supplier. The compression sleeve can be sewn interior to the pant around the thigh opening, and made airtight with seam sealer in the form of Seam Lock sold by REI, Inc. of Sumner, Washington to make the seam airtight.
  • a shorts-type waist seal can be constructed by sewing the waist area to the outer rubberized nylon suit, and sealing the seams to make it airtight.
  • a compression sleeve may be connected to the rubberized nylon exterior suit, by placing each over an appropriate diameter steel band, and then clamping together the two layers of material with another outer ring.
  • a standard air intake fitting can be installed in the pants to provide a port for pressurizing the suit.
  • FIG. 1 Another important aspect of the assisted motion system 10 of Fig. 1 is the external support structure 26 that is necessary for preventing the downwardly directed force F s on the suit created by the positive pressure differential ⁇ P, from forcing the suit down and off the runner's body.
  • the embodiment of external support structure 26 constitutes a frame 28 and wheels 30 for providing complete mobility to runner 12.
  • Such support structures should be designed for the specific range of body motions that the person wearing the suit plans to carry out.
  • a wheeled frame structure 130 for supporting a differential pressurized suit 132 worn by a person 134 who is running.
  • this suit 132 supported by the wheeled frame 130 during his running routine, he experiences less weight on his feet, knees, legs, and lower body, because a portion of his body weight has been offloaded by the upwards force F b on the body created by the positive pressure differential ⁇ P of the pressurized suit 132.
  • the downward force F s on the suit also caused by the positive pressure differential ⁇ P is transmitted to the support structure 130, and from the support structure to the ground.
  • the frame 130 shown in Fig. 20 has a construction similar to a bicycle: a wheel in the front 136 and one in the back 138.
  • the runner 134 is positioned midway between the wheels, and the space between the wheels is sufficient to avoid contact with the runner's legs.
  • the rotational momentum of the wheels stabilizes the frame during motion, as with a bicycle.
  • the frame 130 wraps around the runner 134 at the waist/hip level 140. Note the absence of a seat, pedals, sprocket and chain that are normal to a bicycle.
  • the frame 130 is designed so that the runner 134 can swing his arms and hands when running.
  • the pressurized suit 132 as described in other examples, will create a force along the vertical axis of pushing the body up, with the reaction force being that of pushing the suit down.
  • the latter is countered in this embodiment by offloading this downward reaction force to the 'bike' frame 130, thereby effectively delivering part of the runner's weight to the bike frame and thus to the ground through the wheels.
  • a mechanism 144 allows for both rotational and angular pivoting of the runner's torso during the motion of running.
  • the mechanism simply consists of a flexible pleated material 140 surrounding the region about the waist of the pressure suit, which may bend and twist with the movement of the runner's torso.
  • Other mechanical mechanisms for this purpose may also be utilized.
  • the running support frame 130 has a mechanism 146 for steering the bike.
  • the movable front wheel 136 is steered in a similar fashion to a bicycle, except instead of long handlebars, cables 148 and a small steering wheel 150 are used employing well-known mechanical methods to implement steering.
  • a handlebar is brought back in reach of one or both arms of the runner.
  • a centering spring holds the bike true, or non-turning until the runner applies force to the steering handle bar. This allows periods of running without active steering.
  • a third steering embodiment uses a stepper motor in the steering column powered by an embedded rechargeable battery.
  • the steering is controlled by the motor via a wireless handheld glove actuator that provides motion commands to the motor using well-known wireless and motion control methods. This permits the runner to freely swing his arms in a natural running motion, and still retain full-time steering control.
  • a fourth steering embodiment positions the hub of the wheel backwards or forwards of the vertical axis of steering to provide automatic steering.
  • the running support frame 130 may also have standard bicycle brakes which are operated by a hand lever using well-known means, or by the handheld remote control method that may actuate electric powered brakes.
  • An optional constant force extension mechanism may be used that provides a constant upwards force on the pressure suit allowing it to move vertically with the vertical motion of the runner's body.
  • the constant force of the mechanism is adjustable so that the upwards force on the mechanism is equal to the downwards force of the suit under pressure.
  • the suit can thus float vertically up and down with the motion of the runner's torso, while maintaining an essentially constant upward force on the suit.
  • a range of motion of 0-7 inches is provided to accommodate various runners, with 3 to 4 inches being a typical vertical displacement in running motion.
  • Different frames sizes may be provided to fit different sized runners.
  • the vertical position of the rotational and angular pivoting mechanisms and the constant force may be adjustable to accommodate different body heights.
  • An alternative embodiment to the foregoing bicycle-like running support structure 130 is a cart-like structure with four wheels, arranged as pairs of wheels lateral to the left and right sides of the runner, as shown in Fig. 21 .
  • the frame 160 is connected to each wheel 162 lateral to the runner, leaving a clear path to the front and back of the runner.
  • the front wheels operate independently and are implemented as turnable castors 163 to accommodate steering.
  • the rear wheels also rotate independently, but are fixed on their vertical axis.
  • the axle shafts 164 provide a rigid connection to the interface member 166 for the pressure suit 168.
  • a portion of the runner's weight is off-loaded via the pressure suit 168, and transmitted to the frame, axle shafts 164, and ultimately the ground 172. Steering is accomplished passively in that the cart simply follows direction changes engendered by the runner's change in direction, which translates twist through the frame to the front wheel castor mechanisms in a manner similar to steering a shopping cart.
  • Yet another example may be that of a tricycle, where a pair of wheels front-left and front-right of the runner are connected to the frame as in the four-wheeled cart, and a third free wheel and a single free turning rear wheel confers stability to the system.
  • a pair of wheels front-left and front-right of the runner are connected to the frame as in the four-wheeled cart, and a third free wheel and a single free turning rear wheel confers stability to the system.
  • Figure 22 shows another embodiment of the support structure consisting of a stationary supporting frame 180 positioned over a treadmill 182.
  • the frame 180 provides support for the pressure suit 184 worn by the runner 186.
  • Any of the aforementioned pressure suit embodiments may be utilized for this static support structure 180.
  • Fig. 22 depicts a pressure suit 184 that ends above the ankles.
  • the only difference between this static support structure 180 and the aforementioned wheeled support structures 130 and 160 is that the reaction force that is subtracted from the runner's weight is offloaded from the runner to a rigid fixed structure, the treadmill frame, instead of a mobile structure.
  • a rigid waist loop supporting member 188 wraps around the runner's body and connects to the pressure suit 184 at the waist.
  • a horizontal longitudinal sliding rod 190 connects to each end of the frame and slides through the fittings 192.
  • the sliding longitudinal rod allows for longitudinal movement of the runner in the front to back direction on the track 182.
  • the fittings 192 are attached at the middle of each of two sliding horizontal lateral rods 194. These sliding lateral rods allow for lateral movement of the runner on the track in the side-to-side direction.
  • the lateral sliding rods 194 slide through fittings 196 that are fixed atop constant-force pneumatic springs 198.
  • these springs provide a constant force to support the vertical downwards loads from the suit and sliding rods, and allow for vertical motion of the runner 186.
  • the springs may be constant-force mechanical springs, as is known in the art.
  • the springs may also be mechanical or pneumatic springs that are not constant force.
  • the springs are connected to vertical rigid members 200 that connect to the base of the treadmill.
  • the constant-force air cylinders are each set such that the total force equals the desired weight to be subtracted.
  • Air cylinder actuators are available from Bimba Manufacturing Company of Monee, Illinois.
  • the runner steps up on a small support about one foot above the surface of the treadmill, and clips into the hooks on the air cylinder apparatus. Once this is done, the pants 184 may be pressurized. By standing on a scale, the pressure may be set to subtract the desired weight.
  • a specific calculated pressure P applied to the pants 184 will yield a specific weight subtraction.
  • the desired weight subtraction set via the pressure P, and the counter force supplied by the air cylinders 198 can be approximately matched.
  • a control system can apply the correct calculated pressure to the constant force springs 198.
  • a runner could move vertically from 1 to 7 inches, typically 3 or 4 inches, vertically relative to the running surface.
  • the function of the air cylinders 198 is to maintain a constant offloading of the reaction force dynamically, in response to this vertical displacement during running.
  • the supporting structure component may be directly incorporated into the pressure suit so that both the supporting frame and the pressure suit and body have the same movements. In this manner the disclosure provides for a wide range of movements and exercises over a variety of terrains.
  • the supporting frame is a rigid exoskeleton structure 232 made of lightweight rods and joints that is attached to the outside of the pressurized suit 234.
  • the rigid frame and joints of the exoskeleton 232 provide the necessary support for the downward force of the pressurized suit 234.
  • the downward force of the suit F d is equal to the upward force F u at the attachment point to the top of the exoskeleton.
  • the exoskeleton has matching supports on the inside and the outside of the legs.
  • the embodiment 240 shown in Fig. 29 is the same as that shown in Fig. 28 , with the exception that the rigid exoskeleton 242 is built into the fabric of the suit.
  • the exoskeleton 242 comprises a number of relatively strong thin vertical rods 244 that have a flexible joint at the knee.
  • the rods are integrated into the air-tight fabric that comprises the suit 234 as described earlier, and terminate uniformly at an ankle ring 246 that in turn conducts the force to the exterior of the boot structure and thus to the ground.
  • the rods 244 may be layered over the suit and suitably attached at a multitude of points.
  • the rods generally follow the longitudinal lines of non-extension of the lower body and legs.
  • the rods 244 are comprised of a suitable lightweight, but strong material such as aluminum or a composite material.
  • the internal exoskeleton 242 supports the legs of the pressurized suit 234. It is depicted inside only one leg in Fig. 18 for ease of understanding.
  • Another type of supporting device for the assisted motion system 10 utilizes the air pressure of the pressurized suit to support the runner. In this case, no supporting frame is required.
  • the column of pressurized air contained in the leg units is capable of supporting a load equal to the differential pressure ⁇ P times the cross-sectional area of the leg unit A u .
  • the body suit 252 consists of tubular units 254 around each leg.
  • the leg units have an equivalent or slightly increasing cross-sectional area from the top to the bottom. This shape of the tubular units 254 results in no vertical downwards force being imparted on the exterior of the tube by the internal pressure of the unit.
  • the units are sealed at the bottom around the foot.
  • the units are sealed at the top against the thigh by seals 256, as described previously.
  • the units are sized, so that the column of pressurized air can support the weight of the body that is supported by the internal differential pressure ⁇ P.
  • the load supported by each unit is equal to the cross-sectional area of the unit Au times the differential pressure ⁇ P.
  • the positive pressure differential ⁇ P in the leg unit results in an upwards-directed resultant force F b on the body located at the centroid of the cross-sectional area A u of each leg unit.
  • the tubular units may be shaped into forms that enable the motion of the person wearing the suit 252, and provide for a more compact design.
  • the tubular units may be elliptical with the longer axis aligned with the forwards-backwards axis of motion.
  • the shape of the cross-sectional area can vary moving up and down the leg.
  • the lower cross-sectional area can be shaped more like the lower leg and foot.
  • the upper cross-sectional area can be shaped like the thigh. This provides for a streamlined form, which does not interfere with the running motion.
  • the tubular unit may have a separate outer pressurized chamber that provides the support.
  • This chamber can have a higher pressure than required for providing support to the body to enable supporting a higher load with less of a cross-sectional area for the tubular unit.
  • the unit may also have separate smaller pressurized tubular units which support the load. Such an embodiment provides a more compact form closer fitting to the body.
  • a powered exoskeleton consists primarily of a skeleton-like framework worn by a person and a power supply that supplies at least part of the activation-energy for limb movement.
  • a powered exoskeleton is attached at specific localized points of the body through mechanical means. These local mechanical pressure contact points on the body are deleterious.
  • differential pressure to support the body allows for the coupling of the exoskeleton to the body to be distributed over a large body surface.
  • supported differential pressure can be utilized to un-weight other areas of the body. For example, by creating a pressure differential between the narrower waist or lower pelvis of a seated person using a supported differential upper body pressure suit, the person's upper body weight can be unweighted. This could be used to reduce pressure on the lower back and spine for people with lower back pain, degenerative or ruptured disks, etc.
  • the differential pressurized suit 325 shown in Fig. 34 comprises a full-length suit which extend to the chest area just below the arms. This embodiment of the suit completely covers the feet, legs, and lower body. Alternatively, the suit may extend to the ankles, knees, or upper thigh.
  • the suit is sealed at the chest. The seal may constitute any of the sealing methods previously discussed, including a neoprene band, an inflatable tube, or an inflatable bladder.
  • the suit is connected to a rigid band 326.
  • the band serves to attach the suit 14 to the supporting structure 327 which in this embodiment is a chair. The connection is such that the person may easily engage or disengage from the chair.
  • the band 326 conforms to the generally elliptical shape of the chest cross-section.
  • the band and connection to the supporting structure are sufficient to support the downward force of the pressurized suit.
  • Air-tight zippers (not shown) assist entry into the full length pressure suit.
  • the suit can connect and disconnect to connection valve 329 on the chair when the person sits down or gets up from the chair.
  • the connection valve 329 is connected to a pressure control system 328 that can pressurize and depressurize the suit, as needed.
  • a challenge posed by the pressurized suit is proper management of the balance between the downwards force of the suit and the upwards force applied by the previously described constant-force adjustment mechanism, support structure, or other offloading means.
  • the forces must be balanced when the suit is pressurized or depressurized. If the force developed by the downwards force of the suit and the counter force applied by the constant-force adjustment mechanism are not applied simultaneously, the result will be imbalance of the downwards force of the suit and the upwards force of the offloading means.
  • the air pressure is applied first, the unopposed downward force will drive the suit downwards.
  • the upward counter tension force is applied first, then the suit will be pulled upwards. If however, the two forces are applied so as to continuously counter-balance each other, then the suit will remain in its correct position on the person's body.
  • a method for smoothly applying the pressure and the offloading counter force to the person wearing the pressurized suit will be described.
  • the application to pressure pants is used for exemplary purposes only, for a similar system may be applied to the other examples, including the suit using negative differential pressure.
  • the preferred method of an adjustable, but approximately constant-force spring will be described. Following that, a mechanism to create a set point for a control algorithm will be described.
  • the stretch cord will be stretched to twice its length, or four feet of displacement. Note that the 76.2 mm ((3 inch) (0.25 feet)) vertical displacement of the person during running will cause 11.12 N (2.5 pounds of force) loss on each cord at the peak height, for a total of 2.27 kg (5 pounds), which meets the preferred minimum variation.
  • a pressurized pants implementation is shown depicting the stretch cord connected to the runner's left side.
  • the right side cord is omitted for the sake of clarity.
  • the cord 800 clips onto the pants on one end, and it goes up over a pulley 801 mounted above the person over the treadmill apparatus.
  • an electronic load cell 805 capable of measuring the desired tension for 0 to 222.41 N (50 pounds), and on the other side of the load cell 805 is a non-extensible cable 806 of about four feet in length, but wrapped around a windup pulley 807.
  • the windup pulley 807 is motor driven with a stepper or servo motor under system microprocessor control.
  • a secondary cord 810 In parallel with the primary stretch cord 800 is a secondary cord 810 whose purpose is essentially for measurement and control.
  • Cord 810 terminates at a fixed location 811 near pulley 801, and its initial section is a short spring 812 with a spring constant of one pound per foot, followed by an inline control load cell 813, a non-extensible cord section 814, and a hand-operated ratcheting pulley 815 mechanism.
  • the lower end of 815 terminates in a non-extensible rope 816 that attaches to the pants.
  • the input controller keypad and display 817 contains a microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor receives digitally converted inputs from the load cells 805 and 813 and the pants pressure sensor 818.
  • the microprocessor in addition to standard I/O functionality for the treadmill, also controls the pants pressurizing valve and a counter tensioning windup motor.
  • the individual When ready begins with a START command to the input control pad 817.
  • the system instructs the user to tension ratcheting pulley 815 until the 1 pound set point (plus/minus a suitable tolerance) is attained.
  • a READY status is reported on the display, and the user stops manually tensioning.
  • the primary tension cable 800 is tensioned via actuating the windup pulley 807 until a slight decrease in the control load cell is detected, and then it is paused at this setting.
  • the user then enters on the keypad 817 a target body weight to be offloaded by the system.
  • the air flow is initiated to generate pressure within the suit and the measurement from load cell 813 is monitored in the control software.
  • incremental tension is applied by turning windup pulley 807 again to maintain the set point on the control load cell 813 at one pound.
  • an increment of airflow may be applied through air inlet hose 819, followed by incremental counter tension by actuating windup pulley 807 so as to maintain the one-pound set point on the control load cell.
  • this back and forth iteration may proceed until the desired target weight is achieved on load cell 805, or the maximum system allowed pressure is reached as reported by pressure sensor 818.
  • More sophisticated control algorithms may also be used for purposes of this elastic suspension system, such as a proportional-integral-derivative (PID).
  • PID proportional-integral-derivative
  • the key aspect is that the control parameter as reported by load cell 813 is increased by the air pressure system, whereas it is decreased by the counter tension mechanism, and the control algorithm operates on both systems to maintain the desired set point of the control parameter.
  • the system may not need to monitor and perform further adjustments.
  • Another method for pressurizing the pants and applying the counter force incrementally may be performed as follows, again referring to Fig. 41 . This method does not rely upon secondary load cell 813, or an associated secondary cable and tensioning device.
  • the user begins by entering on keypad 817 a target weight to be offloaded by the system. At this point, the airflow is initiated to generate pressure within the pants, and the measurement from load cell 805 is monitored in the control software. The pressurized air is allowed to flow into the pants until load cell 805 registers a small suitable increment, nominally one pound. Then pressurized airflow is stopped, and the counter tensioning is applied by turning windup pulley 807 until an additional pound is registered on load cell 805 (now two pounds total).
  • a further use for a mobile pressurized suit is as a support aid that can be used to assist the mobility of elderly or physically-impaired people undergoing rehabilitation, particularly those recuperating from leg or back injuries.
  • the four-wheeled cart-like support structure 900 of Fig. 42 is utilized as a wheeled walker, commonly called a "Rollator.”
  • the above-described wheeled walker is also advantageous for those impaired persons with limited or no use of their hands and arms.
  • the support aid provides the necessary support for that person instead of him having to resort to his arms and hands leaning on a conventional walker.
  • the support aid's frame 902 and front wheels 903 and rear wheels 904 are designed and sized so that the mobile unit has the functionality of standard wheeled walkers.
  • the front wheels turn and pivot to allow for easy turning. All four wheels may also turn and pivot.
  • the wheels 903 and 904 are at least seven inches in diameter -- preferably eight inches -- to ensure better reliability.
  • a three-wheeled walker may also be utilized.
  • the wheeled support aid may utilize tubular seats, back seats, and baskets with spacers and cushions.
  • the wheeled support aid can be incorporated with hand-operated brake levers 905 and brakes 910.
  • the brakes on the wheeled support aid may constitute locking brakes to allow the person to stand while supported in a stationary position. Other means of braking may be provided for those with limited use of their arms and hands.
  • the wheeled support aid can be designed to enable greater range for rotating the body from side to side to enable the person in the wheeled support aid to turn from side to side and stand facing one side or the other, or even the back. It may also have a seat that will allow for resting.
  • the wheeled support aid will have adjustable height.
  • the wheeled support aid may also be designed with a folding mechanism for compact storage.
  • the wheeled support aid can feature hand supports for assisting the entry and exit from the support aid.
  • the wheeled support aid can be constructed from light-weight materials such as aluminum or composites.
  • the pressure-assisted wheeled support aid may preferably use tubular seats, back seats and baskets with spacers and cushions.
  • the wheeled support aid can be equipped with a source of pressurized air to control pressurization of the suit, and means for balancing the downwards force of the suit automatically as the pressure is adjusted.
  • the impaired person 911 wears a pressurized suit 907 that attaches to the frame of the walker at attachment points 907.
  • the various attachment methods previously described may be utilized.
  • the previously described constant-force adjustment mechanisms may also be incorporated.
  • the pressurized suit 901 described earlier can be utilized with this wheeled support aid.
  • the suit can be customized for easy entry and exit by physically impaired persons.
  • the pressure suit can have extra long zippers 908 and an easy entry supporting ring which makes the suit easy to put on for a physically impaired person.
  • the pressurized suit of the present disclosure can also be used with beneficial results by a person looking to lose weight. In order to burn fat through physical exercise, the medical community advises that the person's heart rate needs to be maintained within a specified range, usually lower than the heart rage for cardio training.
  • the pressurized suit of the present disclosure when properly used, enables the person to reach an elevated level of physical exercise with a significantly reduced heart rate. This should make it easier for that person to maintain her heart rate within the prescribed range for fat burning, and enhance the likelihood of achieving her weight reduction goal.
  • Figure 41b shows a body weight support device for a person (2001) walking or running on a treadmill.
  • the person (2001) wears a lower body suit (2002).
  • the suit may be a differential pressure suit as previously described in this application.
  • the suit may be a non-pressurized suit, or a harness.
  • a rigid band (2003) encircles the lower body at approximately the waist.
  • Pulleys (2004) are connected to the band at intervals around the band.
  • Another set of pulleys (2005) is connected to a lower body suit at intervals.
  • a cord (2006) runs through the pulleys on the band and the pulleys on the suit. The cord alternates passing through a pulley on the band and a pulley on the suit.
  • the ends of the cord are connected together so that it forms a continuous loop around the waist through all the pulleys.
  • the cord and pulleys thus connect and transfer mechanical load from the suit to the rigid band.
  • a suspension mechanism (2007) attaches to the band (2003) at its lower end (2002) and attaches to a cable (2008) at its upper end.
  • the cable (2007) is connected to a constant-force adjustment mechanism (2009) as previously described in this Application.
  • the disclosure provides body weight support in a way that does not restrict one's natural body movements that occur while walking or running.
  • the disclosure is an improved system for a body weight support device for connecting a person's body to the weight off-loading components of the device (referred herein to a constant-force adjustment mechanism) so as not to restrict natural body movements.
  • a body weight support device for connecting a person's body to the weight off-loading components of the device (referred herein to a constant-force adjustment mechanism) so as not to restrict natural body movements.
  • a person's hips and lower body rotates back and forth about this axis when walking or running as the leg and hips are moved forward at the start of a gait cycle and backwards at the end of the cycle.
  • the medio-lateral (i.e. side to side) axis (2011) is shown in Fig. 43 .
  • a person's body rotates about this axis as the person leans forward from a stationary standing position to run or walk, the degree of lean or rotation depending on the persons running style and speed.
  • the anteroposterior axis (i.e. front to back) axis (2012) is shown in Fig. 44 .
  • the hips and lower body move up and down about this axis.
  • the legs rotate back and forth about a medio-lateral axis through the hip joints as shown in Fig. 45 .
  • the present disclosure provides a means for supporting body weight without restricting body movement and rotation about these four axes of rotation.
  • a rigid band (2003) positioned about the waist of a person at approximately at the waist level.
  • the band is substantially rigid in the vertical direction to support the body weight that is offloaded.
  • the band is a curved rigid aluminum strip 25.4 mm (1 inch) wide and 3.175 mm (1/8 inch) thick.
  • the band may also be constructed to be flexible in the horizontal plane so as to be compliant and flexible around the waist, while rigid in the vertical direction to support the weight offloaded.
  • Such a band can be constructed of multiple thin strips to provide flexibility.
  • the band is constructed from 3 stainless steel strips 25.4 mm (1 inch) wide and 0.79375 mm (1/32 inch) thick that are bound together.
  • Pulleys (2004) are attached to the band at spaced intervals.
  • Another group of pulleys (2005) are attached to a suit at spaced intervals.
  • a rigid supporting bar (2014) is sewn into a sleeve in the suit and the pulley is attached to it to provide for an even distribution of stress across the fabric of the suit.
  • a cord (2006) runs through the pulleys alternating between the pulleys on the body suit and the pulleys on the band. The ends of the cord are joined so that it forms a continuous loop around the body and through the pulleys.
  • the vertical distance between band and the pulleys attached to the suit is approximately 4 inches, however it may be more or less than this.
  • the attachment pegs on the sides (2015) provide a means for connecting the band to a supporting mechanism.
  • Figure. 47 shows a top down cross sectional view of the band (2003) and pulley attachment system.
  • the cross-section of the body at the waist (2016) has a roughly oval shape.
  • the band is approximately oval in shape.
  • the band is a continuous loop. It may also be hinged and fixed with a clasp to allow for easier doffing and donning.
  • Pulleys (2004) are attached to the band at spaced intervals.
  • eight pulleys are attached to the band.
  • 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 pulleys are attached.
  • Another group of pulleys (2005) are attached to a suit at spaced intervals.
  • Each pulley attached to the lower body suit is positioned at approximately a midpoint between the pulleys on either side of it on the band.
  • Each pulley attached to the body suit (2005) is positioned to be at the middle between the pulleys on the band on either side of it (2004).
  • the cord (2006) may also pass through several band pulleys in a row to maintain clearances of the cord and pulleys and the body during body movements.
  • the cord may be comprised of either a low stretch material such as nylon or elastic material such as stretch cord.
  • Figure 48 shows a top view of the band and pulley attachment system when the lower body and hips have rotated counter-clockwise and the band has remained stationary.
  • the pulleys on the body suit move along the connecting cord so that their positions change relative to the pulleys on the band.
  • each pulley on the body suit (2005) has moved along the cord to a new position so that it is closer to the pulley (2004) on the band in the direction of rotation and further from the pulley (2004) on the band that it is away from the direction of rotation.
  • Figure 49 shows a top view of an embodiment of band and pulley attachment system in which curved linear bearings (2005a) are incorporated at the attachment points at the end.
  • the band in this embodiment is circular in shape.
  • the band is constructed with grooves that match with the curved linear bearing (2005a).
  • This design allows for free rotation of the band about the superior-inferior axis (i.e. vertical axis) of the person.
  • Other mechanisms that provide for rotary motion such as curved linear rails might also be utilized.
  • Eight pulley's (2004) are attached to the band at spaced intervals.
  • the pulleys are attached at the bottom of the band so as to not interfere with bearings.
  • the housing for the curved linear bearings goes over the top of the band.
  • Another group of eight of pulleys (2004) are attached to a suit at spaced intervals. Other numbers of pulleys may also be used such as 4 or 6 or 10 or 12.
  • Figures 50 and 51 show the adjustments of the system to the motion of the leg about the hip during a running stride.
  • the legs swing back and forth about a medio lateral axis through the hip joints as shown previously in Fig. 45 .
  • Figure 50 shows the start of a gait cycle as the left leg is placed forward.
  • the lengths of the cords connecting the band pulleys to the suit pulleys are denoted as left-front-cord-lengths (2016) and left-rear-cord lengths (2019).
  • the left-front-cord-lengths shorten and the left-back-cord-lengths lengthen.
  • Figure 51 shows the change in cord lengths of the cords connecting to the left leg as the leg has moved backward. As the left leg is moves backwards at the end of the stride the left-front-cord-lengths lengthen and the left-back-cord-lengths shorten. The tension in the cord remains the same throughout the gait cycle so that the system provides body weight support without constraining the back and forth movement of the legs about the hips.
  • FIG. 52 shows the components of one embodiment of suspension apparatus (2005) which connects the rigid waist band (2003) to the counter force system (2009).
  • a rigid bar (2020) generally in the shape of an inverted L is connected to a cable (2025) that is connected to a counter-force adjustment system (2009). The connection between the cable and bar is made with bearing (2024) to allow for rotation.
  • a C-shaped horizontal support bar (2023) is attached to the vertical bar (2020) at a pivot bearing (2022).
  • the rigid waist band (2003) is attached to the c-shaped horizontal support bar at pivot points (2027) on each side.
  • the attachment mechanism can be either a manually opened and closed latch or automatic coupling latch such that the band is easily attached or detached from the c-shaped horizontal support bar.
  • the latch can be such that the pivot features of the attachment are maintained.
  • the rigid band is attached directly to a constant-force adjustment system.
  • the cord (2006) in Fig. 46 is made of an elastic material such as a stretch cord.
  • the cord itself becomes the constant force adjustment system due to its elesticity.
  • the length and tension of the elastic cord may be adjusted to provide various amounts of counter force.
  • the tension in the elastic cord is adjusted by raising or lowering the height of the band in relation to the person's body. As the height of the band is increased the tension in the elastic cord increases and the amount of body weight that is supported increases.
  • the elastic band provides a relatively constant force within the range of vertical up and down movement of a person walking or running.
  • the above described suspension apparatus provides for unrestricted movement of a person about the various axes rotation of the body, as described above.
  • the upper end of the bar (2021) and the cable (2017) are aligned with the superior-inferior (i.e. vertical) axis (2010) of the person.
  • the cable and bar (2016) are free to rotate about this axis as the person's body rotates. This allows for unrestricted body and hip rotation about the superior-inferior (i.e. vertical) axis (2010) of the person.
  • the pivot attachment point (2022) between the vertical L-shaped support bar (2020) and the horizontal c-shaped support bar (2023) allows the c-shaped support bar (2023) to pivot about the anteroposterior (front to back) axis (2012) of the person. This allows for unrestricted back and forth rotation about the anteroposterior (front to back) axis (2012) of the person.
  • the pivot bearing attachment (2027) between the horizontal c-shaped support bar (2023) and the band (2003) allows the band (2003) to pivot about the medio-lateral (i.e. side-to-side) axis (2011) of the person in the device which allows for unrestricted rotation of the person.
  • the suspension mechanism (2005) provides a means for supporting body weight without restricting body movement and rotation about the superior-inferior, anteroposterior and medio-lateral axes of rotation.
  • both the band pulley system and the suspension mechanism provide for unrestricted movement of the body during walking and running. They both provide a means for enabling unrestricted body movement in a body weight support device.
  • Figure 53 shows another example in which the rigid band and pulley system is attached to a leg harness on the lower body rather than a pressurized suit.
  • This embodiment shows the rigid band body weight support device in which the device is connected to a leg harness (2028) consisting of webbing straps that are attached to the person's legs.
  • a suitable harness is constructed from nylon webbing. Velcro closures and nylon straps and buckles allow the harness to be adjusted to fit different body sizes.
  • the harness may have padding and rigid or semi rigid areas to provide additional comfort.
  • the rigid band and pulley and system are the same as previously described and shown in Fig. 46 .
  • the pulleys (2005) are attached to a harness at spaced intervals.
  • Pulleys (2004) are attached to the rigid band (2003) at spaced intervals.
  • a cord (2006) runs through the pulleys.
  • the device provides for unrestricted body movements along all body axes of rotation as previously described improving on existing harness systems.
  • the rigid band and pulley system is used with a mobile device such as a walker as a support aid that can be used to assist the mobility of elderly or physically-impaired people undergoing rehabilitation, particularly those recuperating from leg or back injuries.
  • a mobile walker to provide body weight support using differential pressure suit is previously described in this application.
  • Another use of the rigid band and pulley system on a mobile device is to provide stability for walking. If a person becomes unstable or loses balance the pulleys and band inherently provide a counter force as the person tilts from vertical. The pulleys and band make it difficult or even impossible to fall. Falls are a major source of injury and death to the elderly and disabled population.
  • the above-described wheeled walker is also advantageous for those impaired persons with limited or no use of their hands and arms because it does not require the use of their hands and arms for support as is necessary with a traditional walker.
  • the support aid provides the necessary support and stability for that person instead of him having to resort to his arms and hands leaning on a conventional walker.
  • the support aid may also be used to provide body weight support while both walking and running. It is an improved system for rehabilitating a skeletal joint injury or training for injury prevention, athletic performance, or fat reduction, or assisting the mobility of the physically disabled.
  • Figure 54 shows an embodiment of the rigid band and pulley system used to provide body weight support on a powered four-wheeled support structure 800 of Fig. 54 is utilized as a wheeled walker, commonly called a "Rollator.”
  • This support aid utilizes a pressure suit (801) worn by a person, a powered air pressure source, and a powered constant-force adjustment mechanism.
  • Various embodiments of the pressurized suit 801 described earlier can be utilized with this wheeled support aid.
  • the suit can be customized for easy entry and exit by physically impaired persons.
  • a rigid band (813) encircles the lower body at approximately the waist.
  • Pulleys (806) are connected to the band at intervals around the band.
  • Other similar pulleys (815) are connected to a lower body suit at intervals.
  • a cord (6) runs through the pulleys on the band and the pulleys on the suit.
  • the cord alternates passing through a pulley on the band and a pulley on the suit.
  • the ends of the cord are connected together so that it forms a continuous loop around the waist through all the pulleys.
  • the cord and pulleys thus connect the suit to the rigid band.
  • the band is connected to a constant-force adjusting mechanism (822) on each side of the support device.
  • the band is attached to the constant-force adjustment mechanism using an attachment latch.
  • the attachment latch can be either a manually opened and closed latch or automatic coupling latch such that the band is easily attached or detached from the c-shaped horizontal support bar.
  • the latch can be such that the band may rotate or pivot about the attachment point.
  • a constant-force adjustment mechanism 822 is attached to each side of the wheeled support aid.
  • the constant-force adjustment mechanism control system and user interface may be similar to the constant-force adjustment mechanism previously described in this application.
  • compression springs 823 are utilized to provide the constant force.
  • Other mechanisms that provide a relatively constant force such as constant force air springs might also be utilized in place of the compression springs.
  • a mobile support aid utilizing the band and pulley system and pressurized pants is shown depicting the compression springs connected to the person's left side.
  • an electronic load cell (824) capable of measuring the desired compression from 0 to 444.82 N (100 pounds)
  • a gear motor (825) and displacement shaft (826).
  • the motor has a displacement encoder that is fed to the system microcontroller, along with the load cell information.
  • the user selects two parameters from the input box (817) rotary dials (818): desired un-weighting level in pounds and a setting that relates to the cross sectional area of the individual.
  • this dial is labeled a 'comfort' setting, and individual users select a value that they determine in practice gives them a balance between the net downward force supplied by the pants air pressure, and the upward force on the pants supplied by the counter-tensioning system.
  • a higher 'comfort' number will yield a higher pressure for a given un-weighting value, and would be necessary for thinner individuals.
  • a lower 'comfort' number would yield lower pressure for a given un-weighting value and would be needed for larger individuals.
  • the unweighting is not realized all at once, but can only happen as fast as the pants become pressurized, which in the described system requires on the order of 10 to 20 seconds.
  • the counter-tensioning value supplied by engaging the gear motor to begin compressing the compression springs, is developed at a rate such that the above equation is maintained dynamically, within a 22.24 N (5 pound) limit.
  • the load cells and pants pressure are read every 50 milliseconds, and if the above equation, due to increasing pressure can support a further increment of unweighting, the gear motor is engaged for a short increment.
  • Air flow continues until the desired target air pressure is reached, and every few milliseconds further force is applied to the springs such that when the air pressure target is reached, the counter-tensioning value is simultaneously reached.
  • the same lock step algorithm is engaged if the un-weighting set value is changed, or dropped to zero.
  • a further enhancing mechanism particularly for disabled individuals desiring to walk in the system is power assisted wheels.
  • a phenomenon when one is greatly un-weighted by the disclosed walker system, is that one has less 'leaning' ability to nudge the walker into motion, simply because one effectively weighs less. Normal individuals can easily overcome this by pushing with their arms and legs, but the addition of power-assisted wheels are a useful enhancement for frail or rehabilitating individuals.
  • the mechanism is realized by an electric motor and clutch on each of the front two wheels that supply a significant fraction of the force necessary to overcome friction and roll the walker.
  • the motor need not run full time but is engaged with a hand switch on the walker to conserve battery power.
  • This also serves as an optional braking mechanism, in that if the engagement switch is released, the wheels may brake.
  • the clutch mechanism allows users to exceed or overdrive the force supplied by the motor to the extent that they are capable of exceeding the very minimal startup speed supplied by the wheel motors.
  • Figure 55 shows an embodiment of the rigid band and pulley system used to provide body weight support on a non-powered manually operated four-wheeled support structure (900) is utilized as a wheeled walker, commonly called a "Rollator.”
  • a leg harness (916) is worn by the person (911) in this embodiment. In other embodiments a pressurized or non-pressurized suit may be utilized.
  • the harness consists of bands (916) on the legs of the person (911) and is constructed as described previously.
  • the rigid band and pulley system (906) attaches to a harness (916) on the legs of the person (916).
  • This particular embodiment of a wheeled support aid does not require a powered source for pressurized air or a powered constant-force adjustment mechanism.
  • a non-powered mobile support aid Some advantages of a non-powered mobile support aid are to provide stability and body weight support are lighter weight, ease of use and lower cost.
  • an elastic cord (914) that runs through the pulleys attached to the band and harness is utilized as a constant force adjustment system. The tension in the cord is manually adjusted by raising or lowering the rigid band.
  • Hydraulic cylinders 920 are attached to each side of the wheeled support aid.
  • the rod end of the hydraulic cylinder is attached to the band by an attachment latch.
  • the attachment latch can be either a manually opened and closed latch or automatic coupling latch such that the band is easily attached or detached from the c-shaped horizontal support bar.
  • the latch can be such that the band may rotate or pivot about the attachment point.
  • the band is raised or lowered by turning a crank (918) that operated a hydraulic pump (917).
  • the pump is connected to the hydraulic cylinder by a hydraulic line (919).
  • Other mechanical means of raising and lowering the band might also be utilized in other embodiments.
  • the tension in the band might also be adjusted by lengthening or shorting the elastic cord which runs through the pulleys.
  • the ends of the elastic cord may be connected to each other by a means which allows for easy adjustment.
  • the walker may also be utilized in a mode without a constant-force adjustment mechanism by utilizing a non-elastic cord.
  • Both the powered and non-powered mobile support aids that utilize the band and pulley suspension system can utilize a pressurized suit, a non-pressurized suit or a harness.
  • the powered mobile support aid's frame 802 and front wheels 803 and rear wheels 804 are designed and sized so that the mobile unit has the functionality of standard wheeled walkers.
  • the non-powered mobile support aid's frame 902 and front wheels 903 and rear wheels 904 are designed and sized so that the mobile unit has the functionality of standard wheeled walkers.
  • the front wheels turn and pivot to allow for easy turning. All four wheels may also turn and pivot.
  • the wheels 903 and 904 are at least seven inches in diameter -- preferably eight inches -- to ensure better reliability.
  • wheels may also be utilized including configurations with three, five, six or more as in known in the art.
  • the wheels may be combinations of fixed or pivot wheels and may be of different sizes and configurations as is known in the art.
  • the number, size, type and configuration of wheels provides for various handling, maneuverability and stability characteristics required for various therapeutic uses.
  • the wheels may be connected to a steering mechanism, so the person or a person assisting him may manually steer the wheeled support aid.
  • the wheeled support aid may utilize tubular seats, back seats, and baskets with spacers and cushions.
  • the powered wheeled support aid can be incorporated with hand-operated brake levers (805) and brakes (810).
  • the non-powered wheeled support aid can be incorporated with hand-operated brake levers (905) and brakes (910).
  • the brakes on the wheeled support aid may constitute locking brakes to allow the person to stand while supported in a stationary position. Other means of braking may be provided for those with limited use of their arms and hands.
  • the wheeled support aid can be designed to enable greater range for rotating the body from side to side to enable the person in the wheeled support aid to turn from side to side and stand facing one side or the other, or even the back. It may also have a seat that will allow for resting.
  • the wheeled support aid can have adjustable height mechanism to accommodate various sizes of persons.
  • the wheeled support aid may also be designed with a folding mechanism for compact storage.
  • the wheeled support aid can feature hand supports for assisting the entry and exit from the support aid.
  • the wheeled support aid can be constructed from light-weight materials such as aluminum or composites.
  • the wheeled support aid may preferably use tubular seats, back seats and baskets with spacers and cushions.
  • Figure 56 shows a body weight support device for a person (1001) walking or running on a treadmill wherein the constant-force adjustment mechanism supports the person from the base of a treadmill rather than overhead. Supporting from the base provides advantages over supporting from overhead, as previously described. It provides for a low profile, lower cost frame that is particularly suitable for home use.
  • the person (1001) wears a lower body suit (1002).
  • the suit may be a differential pressure suit as previously described in this application.
  • the suit may be a non-pressurized suit, or a harness.
  • a rigid band (1003) encircles the lower body at approximately the waist. Pulleys (1004) are connected to the band at intervals around the band.
  • a cord (1006) runs through the pulleys on the band and the pulleys on the suit.
  • the cord alternates passing through a pulley on the band and a pulley on the suit.
  • the ends of the cord are connected together so that it forms a continuous loop around the waist through the all pulleys.
  • the cord and pulleys thus connect the suit to the rigid band.
  • the band incorporates a curved linear bearing (1009) for enabling rotary motion of the band at the attachment point to provide additional freedom of rotation as described previously.
  • a constant-force adjustment mechanism (1022) attaches to the curved linear bearing (1009).
  • the constant-force adjustment mechanism (1022) is attached at each side of the treadmill.
  • the constant-force adjustment mechanism control system and user interface similar to the constant-force adjustment mechanism previously described in this application.
  • compression springs (1023) are utilized to provide the constant force.
  • Other mechanisms that provide a relatively constant force such as constant force air springs might also be utilized in place of the compression springs.
  • an electronic load cell (1030) capable of measuring the desired compression from 0 to 100 pounds.
  • Mounted on the bottom side of the compression spring is a gear motor (1031) and displacement shaft (1032). The motor has a displacement encoder that is fed to the system microcontroller, along with the load cell information.
  • the enclosure (1010) contains an air pressure source, air regulator and microcontroller running control software.
  • a cable 1033 connects the load cell to the enclosure .
  • An air hose (1034) delivers pressurized air to the suit.
  • the software is programmed to deliver a specified air pressure to support unweighting, as well as a control signal to the motors (1031) to displace the compression springs (1023) to a specified level as measured by the load cell (1030).
  • An air line (1011) connects the air pressure source to the pants.
  • the constant force control mechanism is the same as described previously for the powered mobile device.
  • An air-tight inner bladder 1141 maintains the positive pressure P condition inside the suit against the person's body skin 1134.
  • the bladder consists of two layers, an inner layer 1131 and an outer layer 1131b.
  • the fabric for the bladder may be formed from any pressure-tight material that is also sufficiently flexible to afford mobility by the person.
  • the fabric consists of a material that is air impermeable and moisture vapor permeable.
  • An example bladder fabric is TC92 a 4-way stretch polyurethane coated fabric available from Dartex coatings 22 Steel Street, PO Box 70 RI.
  • the bladder may also be constructed to have holes 1139 that are permeable to air on the inner side next to the skin.
  • the bladder may also be constructed to have sections of another material 1140 that are permeable to air on the inner side next to the skin. This allows for air to circulate between the bladder and the skin.
  • a continuous supply of pressurized air can be supplied from a pressure source and pressure control system as described in this application.
  • the pressure system can be sized to provide the required amount of airflow to maintain cooling.
  • Outer layers 1136 and 1138 of the differential pressurized suit 14 composition prevent the suit from expanding due to the force applied by positive pressure P, while maintaining the shape of the suit to fit closely to the body.
  • the bladder can be sized to the same size as the outer constraining layers 1136 and 1138 or it maybe sized to be smaller or larger than the outer constraining layers.
  • the bladder can be sized to extend various lengths up the waist of the suit, so that positive pressure is applied only in sections that the bladder extends to beneath the constraining layers.
  • the bladder can extend upwards from the legs just to the hips, or just to approximately the pelvic area, or all the way to the waist.
  • the bladder may be patterned so that it conforms to zippers incorporated into the suit.
  • the bladder may be constructed from identically sized sections of fabric, so that one section forms an inner layer 1131 and one section forms the outer layer 1131b or the bladder.
  • the bladder may be constructed by sewing the sections together with a heat sealing film at the seams to make an airproof seam.
  • One heat seal film is Bemis 3218 adhesive film available from Bemis 100 Ayer Rd - Shirley, MA 01464 USA.
  • the fabric for these first and second outer constraining layers 1136 and 1138 should be composed two way stretch fabric.
  • This type of fabric is constructed to mostly be non-extending along one axis, and elastic or extensible along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis.
  • Exemplary two way stretch materials include, without limitation, nylon-Lycra that can be knit or braided, or a monofilament like nylon or Dacron. Two-way stretch fabrics are available from Shoeller Textile USA of Seattle, Washington.
  • the fabric can be more specifically oriented so that its non-extending axis follows lines on the body in which the skin does not stretch or extend during bending or other movement. These lines are known within the industry as "lines-of-non-extension.” The concept of lines of non-extension is described in a published technical report: THE USE OF LINES OF NONEXTENSION TO IMPROVE MOBILITY IN FULL-PRESSURE SUITS, ARTHUR S. IBEIALL, RAND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, AMRL-TR-64-118. AMRL-TR-64-118 . Lines-of-non-extension are directions on the skin of the body in which the skin does not stretch or extend.
  • FIG. 58 A picture from the report which maps the lines of non-extension on a mannequin is shown in Fig. 58 .
  • One set runs roughly perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body, the second set runs roughly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body.
  • the constructions of the two outside layers 1136 and 1138 are such that the stretch and non-stretch directions of the fabric are mapped into the lines-of-non-extension as best as possible. This is accomplished by constructing the suit of multiple sections of two-way stretch fabric in a pattern which maps the non-stretch direction of the individual fabric sections onto the lines of non-extension as best possible.
  • a pattern 1201 for the first outer layer 1136 is shown in Fig. 59 .
  • the arrows indicate the direction of stretch.
  • the individual sections of fabric are indicated by the sections, for example 1202, shown in the pattern.
  • Lines indicate where seams are sewn between the pieces.
  • the individual layers are sewn together at the seams and the outer edges are sewn together to form a suit.
  • the same method is applied to the outer layer 1138.
  • the first outer layer 1136, second outer layer 1138, and sealed bladder are sewn together to form a single lower body suit.
  • Zippers may be incorporated in the design to facilitate donning and doffing of the suit. In particular zippers may be incorporated from crotch area (to the waist) and at the calves as in common in pants and close fitting tights designs.
  • the first outer layer 1136 serves to prevent the suit from expanding, generally circumferentially, due to pressure inside the suit.
  • the second outer layer 1138 prevents the suit from expanding, generally, longitudinally
  • the suit also can incorporate sections of four-way stretch fabric as necessary in areas that require stretch in both directions. Where appropriate in sections of the body which do not stretch as much, such as the thigh area or lower calves, cloth, mesh, or net material that is non-extendible along both axes may be used.
  • FIG. 60 A drawing of a runner 1301 using a body weight support system 1303 on a treadmill 1303 wearing the differential pressure suit 1302 described in this embodiment is shown in Fig. 60 .
  • the body weight system support system 1303 includes a supporting frame 1304, a base 1305, a rigid band 1306, and means for attaching the band to the suit 1307.
  • a feature of this embodiment of the body weight support system is that the stationary frame has a much lower profile than the overhead support system described previously. This makes this design particularly suitable for in home use.
  • This design of body weight support system can also incorporate the band and pulley system described herein, and the constant force adjustment systems described earlier and shown in Fig. 54 .
  • the constant force adjustment system and pressurization system described for the mobile support aid may be incorporated into a frame system similar to that which is mounted on the floor and having a frame that extends to the waist.
  • the suit may also be used in conjunction with the other stationary frame and mobile systems described in this application.
  • the differential pressure suit on the runner 1301 shown in Fig. 60 shows the suit constructed of sections of two-way stretch fabric as described previously.
  • the suit 1302 is attached to the rigid band by attachment cords 1309.
  • Suitable rigid support stays 1307 are sewn into the suit to evenly distribute the load from the pressurized suit.
  • sections of fabric or a system of suspension cords may be utilized to attach the suit to the frame.
  • the suit 1302 shown in Fig. 60 has a lacing system 1308.
  • the lacing system facilitates closely fitting the suit to various body shapes and sizes.
  • the lacing system has unique features that enable it to work for long lengths including the length of the entire suit.
  • the lacing system consists of low friction components. Nylon coated boot hooks are used in the lacing system. Military spec known as "Nato Hooks" are utilized for the low friction hooks. Low friction high strength cords are utilized.
  • Exemplary line is Laser Pro Gold 136.08 Kg (300 lb) test line available from The Kite Shop at.thekiteshoppe.com.
  • the suit is described above as having multiple layers of fabric including air impermeable and two way stretch fabrics orientated and located as described, the functions of these various layers can be combined into fewer layers of fabric so that at a minimum the suit is comprised of a single layer of fabric with the functionality of the layers combined.
  • two-way stretch fabrics that is also air impermeable and or water vapor permeable can be utilized to both contain pressurized air and constrain the suit as a single function.
  • two or more layers of fabric can be laminated together so that the fabric consists of a single layer with the functionality of the individual layers.
  • a rigid band is constructed from curved rigid aluminum strip 25.4 mm (1 inch) wide and 3.175 mm (1/8 inch) thick.
  • the band is oval in shape.
  • Pulleys are attached to the band as follows. Two pulleys are attached at the front and back mid-points of the band, two pulleys are attached at the midpoints at the side in the configuration shown in Fig. 47 . Two additional pulleys, now shown, are attached at the right and left sides of each band. One of the pulleys is attached frontwards on the band from the midpoint pulley on each side, and another pulley is attached rearwards from the midpoint pulley on each side.
  • rigid supporting bars (2014) are constructed of 1/8" thick 3 ⁇ 4" wide aluminum bars are inserted into sleeves sewn into the pants as shown in Figure 46 .
  • a cord made from a low stretch material run alternatively through band pulleys and the suit pulleys and tied in a knot. The cord is adjusted so that the pulleys attached to the pants are 4 inches below the waist.
  • One half inch diameter pegs are bolted to the band at the midpoint on each side to serve as attachment pegs to the horizontal C-shaped section of the suspension apparatus.
  • a shaped horizontal component (2023) of the suspension apparatus is formed from aluminum stock as shown in Fig. 52 . The radius of curvature is the same as that of the band.
  • One half inch wide slots are milled at the attachment point 2027 (see Fig. 52 ).
  • the band is attached to the C-shaped horizontal component by fitting the pegs of the band into the slots.
  • a delrin block is machined to slide over the slot and hold the peg of band in place.
  • An L-shaped vertical component (2020) of the suspension apparatus is formed from 1 inch diameter, aluminum tubing, as shown in Fig. 52 .
  • a bearing (2022) is fitted to the bottom of the L-shaped vertical component shown in Fig. 52 .
  • a rotating bearing (2024) is fitted at the top (see Fig. 52 ), which is attached to cable. The cable attaches to a constant force adjustment system as previously described in this application.
  • Example 2 Powered Mobile Support Device
  • a mobile 'walker' device has been constructed using the concepts illustrated in Fig. 54 .
  • a standard commercially available rollator frame was used as a mechanical base.
  • Compression springs (Century Spring) that yield about 50 pounds for 6 inches of compression were used, one on each side as per the Fig. 54 .
  • Gear motors that displace the springs were used.
  • the pressure pants, band and pulley attachment mechanism as described in Example 1 were employed identically in this design, except that the band is pushed up with the compression spring mechanism, instead of pulled up or tensioned with the over-hanging suspension system.
  • a 24 lead acid battery source is used to power a portable air pump (Thomas), an air regulator (Bellofram), the gear motor, load cell and pressure sensors, and an electronics PLC controller (Galil Inc).
  • the present invention provides a lift-assisted mobility device that provides both body weight support and lift assistance. It functions to off-load a portion or all of the person's body weight in order to make it easier for him to rise from a sitting position to a standing position.
  • the lift-assisted mobility device 1401 utilizes a constant-force adjustment mechanism 1406.
  • This mechanism provides a counter-force to support the vertical downwards load from a differential pressure suit as previously described.
  • the constant-force adjustment mechanism control system and user interface may be similar to the constant-force adjustment mechanisms previously described in this Application.
  • the constant-force adjustment mechanism 1406 is an air cylinder.
  • An air cylinder provides both a constant force and a sufficient range of travel to accommodate the vertical displacement involved in moving from a sitting to a standing position.
  • the constant-force adjustment mechanism may utilize air springs or mechanical springs, as is known in the art.
  • the constant-force adjustment mechanism may also be mechanical springs or pneumatic springs, air cylinders, or air springs that are not constant force.
  • the constant-force adjustment mechanism may consist of a compression spring, electronic load cell, gear motor and displacement shaft as previously described.
  • a vertical shaft 1407 extends from the constant-force adjustment mechanism. The vertical shaft of the constant force adjustment mechanism 1406 is sufficiently long to provide a constant load as the person rises from a sitting position to a standing position.
  • a support frame 1402 extends from the base of the device 1403 on the right side of the device.
  • the left side of the device is open and without a supporting frame member to enable the base 1403 to fit under a chair or bed.
  • a handrail 1404 is provided.
  • the lift-assisted mobility device 1401 is accompanied by wheels 1412 and brakes 1411 that are hand-operated and may be power assisted.
  • the brakes may be operated using the hand brake levers 1405, or from the control panel 1410. The brakes may also be used to lock the wheels to stabilize the lifted assisted mobility aid.
  • the base 1403 houses a power supply, compressed air supply, batteries and controls (all not shown).
  • a latch 1408 is connected to the end of a horizontal support bar 1409 that extends from the top end of the vertical shaft 1407.
  • the latch 1408 couples with a rigid band and pulley system 1503, as shown in Fig. 62 .
  • the construction and function of the band and pulley system are as previously described in this application.
  • the latch 1408 is an electro-mechanical latch. It can also be a manually-operated latch.
  • the latch can be electronically coupled and decoupled via the control system. In an emergency, the person can be quickly detached from the device. It has an electronic interconnect sensor so that the device can be enabled only when the connection is secure. A manual lease is also provided.
  • the attachment latch also contains a coupling for an air supply hose.
  • An air supply hose (not shown) and electronic connections (not shown) are integrated internally in the horizontal bar 1409, vertical shaft 1408, constant force mechanism 1406 and extend to the air supply and controls in the base 1403.
  • An air connection (not shown) in the latch couples with an air connection of the rigid band and pulley system (also not shown).
  • Figure 62 shows a seated person 1501 wearing a differential pressure suit 1502 connected to a band and pulley system 1503.
  • the band and pulley system and suit are integrated together as a single garment so that a person is able to simple doff or don the entire unit. They maybe also separate components which can be attached together as needed. Coverings may be applied so that the band and pulleys so the mechanisms are not obtrusive and don't interfere with doffing and donning.
  • the differential pressurized suit 1502 shown in Fig. 62 comprises a full-length lower body suit that extends from the waist to above the ankles.
  • the suit is sealed at ankles and the waist.
  • the suit may extend from the waist to cover the feet, or only extend from the waist to the knees, or upper thigh as described in this Application.
  • the seal may constitute any of the sealing methods described in this Application, including a neoprene band, an inflatable tube, or an inflatable bladder.
  • the rigid band has a coupler 1504 which mates with the latch mechanism 1408 on the lift assisted mobility device 1401.
  • An air hose 1505 is connected to the coupler 1504 and the differential pressure suit 1502.
  • the band and pulley system of the lift-assisted mobility device may be attached to a leg harness 916 as shown in Fig. 55 .
  • the harness consists of bands (916) on the legs of the person (911) and is constructed as described previously.
  • the rigid band and pulley system (906) attaches to a harness (916) on the legs of the person (916).
  • a non-pressurized suit may be utilized.
  • the non-pressurized suit can be constructed as previously described for pressurized suits with the exception that seals and air supply and connections are not provided or necessary. These embodiments are generally utilized where a lesser amount of body weight support is needed.
  • Figure 63 shows the lift-assisted mobility device 1601 in place adjacent to and connected to the band pulley system and differential pressure suit of a person seated on a chair 1605.
  • the vertical shaft 1607 and horizontal bar 1608 are at a low position, so that the level of the latch 1606 is at the level of the band and pulley system.
  • the person or a therapist may use the control panel 1609 to activate the device and set the amount of body weight support.
  • a control system as previously described in this Application provides the correct air pressure to the pants, and operates the constant-force adjustment mechanism to off-load the selected amount of body weight support. Once the system has reached the selected level of body weight support, the person may then stand easily with reduced or even minimal effort, and without needing the assistance of a caregiver. Once standing, the person may then use the device as mobility assist device with body weight support.
  • Figure 64 shows the person 1701 having moved to a standing position.
  • the person's center of mass is approximately at the position of the latch 1704.
  • the center of mass moves both vertically and horizontally.
  • the device accommodates this motion, while providing a constant uplifting force to unweight the person.
  • the arrows in the drawing show the directions of travel of various components.
  • First the vertical shaft moves upwards as the person rises as shown by Arrow A.
  • the constant-force adjustment mechanism 1705 moves the vertical shaft upwards and provides a constant force.
  • the entire device also moves forwards horizontally as indicated by Arrow B.
  • the wheels allow the unit to move horizontally as the person stands up. This horizontal motion of the device allows the device to stay centered with the center of mass of the person providing safety and preventing falls. The person is able to safely rise to a standing position with minimal effort and immediately began walking with reduced weight.
  • FIG. 65 A means of mounting a mobile support device (walker) on a stationary treadmill frame is shown in Fig. 65 .
  • a mobile support device walker
  • FIG. 65 A means of mounting a mobile support device (walker) on a stationary treadmill frame is shown in Fig. 65 .
  • the patient 1801 is shown using a walker 1802 situated in a mount 1803 on a treadmill 1812.
  • the mount consists of an incline platform 1804 section utilized to roll the walker up onto the horizontal frame 1805 section of the mount.
  • the horizontal frame sections rest on each side of the treadmill 1812 on the solid portion of the treadmill 1812 that is separate from the moving track 1911 shown in Fig. 66 .
  • FIG. 66 A rear view of the treadmill-walker system is shown in Fig. 66 .
  • the horizontal frame section 1908 has u-shaped channels 1905 that are located at the left and right sides of the treadmill on the surface that is separate from the moving track 1911.
  • the u-shaped channels 1905 serve as tracks that the wheels 1906 travel in, thereby preventing lateral movement of the walker.
  • Cross pins 1907 are placed across the channels 1906 once the walker is in place, behind the rear wheels 1906 and in front of the front wheels (not shown) to prevent any forward or backward movement of the walker 1902.
  • Clamp member 1809 shown Fig. 65 connects from the treadmill mount to a cross member of the walker, and prevents any vertical movement of the walker, thereby enhancing stability.
  • the walker 1802 is fixed in place, and the patient 1801 is engaged in the walker 1802 as previously described in this Application.
  • the patient 1801 may then be unweighted as previously disclosed, and may walk at the desired treadmill speed as required for therapy.

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Claims (8)

  1. Dispositif de mobilité à assistance au levage (1401) pour aider à déplacer ou à soutenir le corps d'un mammifère ayant un poids corporel passant d'une position assise à une position debout, ce dispositif comprenant :
    (a) un maillot étanche à la pression (1502) conçu pour être porté sur au moins une partie du corps du mammifère, ayant au moins une ouverture pour insérer la partie de corps dans le maillot (1502) ;
    (b) un moyen pour fournir un joint étanche à la pression connecté à côté de l'ouverture du maillot (1502) pour une mise en prise fonctionnelle de la surface de partie de corps du mammifère ;
    (c) un moyen d'entrée dans le maillot pour l'introduction d'au moins une source de pression positive ou de vide à l'intérieur du maillot (1502) entre le corps de mammifère et le maillot pour y créer une condition de pression différentielle entre la condition de pression positive ou de vide à l'intérieur du maillot (1502) et une condition de pression existant à l'extérieur du maillot (1502) ;
    (d) un dispositif d'assistance au levage relié au maillot (1502) pour contrecarrer une force descendante appliquée au maillot (1502) lorsqu'il est placé dans la condition de pression différentielle, comprenant un système de réglage à force constante (1406) qui lève le maillot (1502) verticalement lorsque le mammifère se lève de la position assise à la position debout ;
    (e) moyennant quoi la pression différentielle exerce une force ascendante sur la partie de corps pour décharger une partie souhaitée du poids corporel sur le dispositif d'assistance au levage, le mammifère pouvant alors se tenir debout facilement avec un effort réduit et se déplacer avec un support de poids corporel.
  2. Procédé pour aider à déplacer ou à soutenir le corps d'un mammifère ayant un poids corporel passant d'une position assise à une position debout, ce procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    (a) fournir un maillot étanche à la pression (1502) conçu pour être porté sur au moins une partie du corps du mammifère, ayant au moins une ouverture pour insérer la partie de corps dans le maillot (1502) ;
    (b) fournir un moyen pour fournir un joint étanche à la pression connecté à côté de l'ouverture du maillot (1502) pour une mise en prise fonctionnelle de la surface de partie de corps du mammifère ;
    (c) fournir un moyen d'entrée dans le maillot (1502) pour l'introduction d'au moins une source de pression positive ou de vide à l'intérieur du maillot (1502) entre le corps de mammifère et le maillot (1502) pour y créer une condition de pression différentielle entre la condition de pression positive ou de vide à l'intérieur du maillot et une condition de pression existant à l'extérieur du maillot ;
    (d) fournir un dispositif d'assistance au levage relié au maillot pour contrecarrer une force descendante appliquée au maillot lorsqu'il est placé dans la condition de pression différentielle, comprenant un système de réglage à force constante (1406) qui lève le maillot (1502) verticalement lorsque le mammifère se lève de la position assise à la position debout ;
    (e) moyennant quoi la pression différentielle exerce une force ascendante sur la partie de corps pour décharger une partie souhaitée du poids corporel sur le dispositif d'assistance au levage, le mammifère pouvant alors se tenir debout facilement avec un effort réduit et se déplacer avec un support de poids corporel.
  3. Dispositif de mobilité à assistance au levage selon la revendication 1, le système de réglage à force constante comprenant un vérin pneumatique, un ressort pneumatique, un ressort mécanique ou un câble élastique.
  4. Dispositif de mobilité à assistance au levage selon la revendication 1 comprenant en outre au moins deux roues pour permettre au mammifère de se déplacer davantage une fois en position debout.
  5. Dispositif de mobilité à assistance au levage selon la revendication 1, le moyen de joint étanche à la pression comprenant un manchon élastique étanche à l'air, une bande étanche à l'air, un short étanche à l'air fixé à l'intérieur du maillot étanche à la pression à proximité d'un emplacement d'étanchéité, ou une vessie d'air.
  6. Dispositif de mobilité à assistance au levage selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre une bande de taille située au moins partiellement autour du torse du mammifère et reliée fonctionnellement au maillot au moyen d'au moins un ensemble corde et poulie pour fournir une plus grande liberté de mouvement latérale et rotative au mammifère portant le maillot étanche à la pression.
  7. Dispositif de mobilité à assistance au levage selon la revendication 6 comprenant en outre un mécanisme de verrouillage pour relier de manière libérable la bande de taille au système de réglage à force constante.
  8. Dispositif de mobilité à assistance au levage selon la revendication 7, le mécanisme de verrouillage étant un verrou électromécanique ou un raccord pneumatique intégré dans le mécanisme de verrouillage.
EP14762800.2A 2013-03-15 2014-03-14 Système de suspension et de fixation corporelle et maillot à pression différentielle pour dispositifs de support du poids corporel Active EP2968049B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/839,204 US9561149B2 (en) 2008-01-07 2013-03-15 Suspension and body attachment system and differential pressure suit for body weight support devices
PCT/US2014/028448 WO2014144158A2 (fr) 2008-01-07 2014-03-14 Système de suspension et de fixation corporelle et maillot à pression différentielle pour dispositifs de support du poids corporel

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CN109275590A (zh) * 2017-07-19 2019-01-29 长沙市公安局刑事侦查支队 一种训犬器
CN107468488B (zh) * 2017-08-05 2019-11-05 瑞安市嘉盛机械有限公司 步行助力装置
KR102449705B1 (ko) * 2017-08-23 2022-09-30 삼성전자주식회사 운동 보조 장치
CN110882133B (zh) * 2018-09-07 2022-06-17 北京大艾机器人科技有限公司 用于外骨骼机器人的平衡辅助装置及方法
JP7251439B2 (ja) * 2019-10-16 2023-04-04 トヨタ自動車株式会社 歩行訓練システム、装具、及び作動方法
US11872433B2 (en) 2020-12-01 2024-01-16 Boost Treadmills, LLC Unweighting enclosure, system and method for an exercise device
US20230115873A1 (en) 2021-10-12 2023-04-13 Boost Treadmills, LLC DAP Platform, Integrated Lifts, System and Related Devices and Methods
CN114802831B (zh) * 2022-02-09 2024-06-28 东华大学 一种宇航服的上肢限位机构
CN116687390B (zh) * 2023-04-03 2024-06-04 宁波浙鼎教育科技有限公司 一种基于智能运动鞋分析的用户减脂效果估测方法及系统

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CN105579014A (zh) 2016-05-11
EP2968049A2 (fr) 2016-01-20
EP2968049A4 (fr) 2016-12-07

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