EP2966355B1 - A preheater assembly, a cylinder head, a piston engine, and an aircraft - Google Patents

A preheater assembly, a cylinder head, a piston engine, and an aircraft Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2966355B1
EP2966355B1 EP15172122.2A EP15172122A EP2966355B1 EP 2966355 B1 EP2966355 B1 EP 2966355B1 EP 15172122 A EP15172122 A EP 15172122A EP 2966355 B1 EP2966355 B1 EP 2966355B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheath
cylinder head
thread
end zone
glow plug
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP15172122.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2966355A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre-Julien Hubert
Romain Clair
Christian Mercier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Helicopters SAS
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Airbus Helicopters SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2966355A1 publication Critical patent/EP2966355A1/en
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Publication of EP2966355B1 publication Critical patent/EP2966355B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a preheating assembly, a cylinder head equipped with this assembly, a piston engine equipped with such a cylinder head and an aircraft.
  • the invention is therefore in the restricted technical field of preheating devices of a piston engine, and in particular a diesel engine. More particularly, the invention is in the technical field of aircraft equipped with a compression ignition piston engine.
  • an aircraft may comprise at least one rotor to at least partially ensure its lift and / or propulsion.
  • This rotor is then rotated by a power plant comprising at least one motor.
  • This engine can be a piston engine.
  • a piston engine usually comprises a motor unit accommodating one cylinder per piston, each piston sliding in a cylinder. Each cylinder is then closed by a cylinder head.
  • the operation of a diesel engine is based on the self-ignition of a fuel in a combustion chamber filled with compressed air at a high temperature. As a result, the air must reach a minimum temperature at the end of compression to cause ignition of the fuel.
  • a diesel engine may include a preheating system.
  • Water heating systems are designed to completely heat an engine.
  • Another system is to implement a glow plug per cylinder.
  • a glow plug comprises successively a connection tip, a body and a heating pencil.
  • a heating filament is further inserted into the pencil by being connected to the connection tip.
  • the glow plug passes through the cylinder head to open into the combustion chamber.
  • the body of the glow plug thus has a thread screwed to a thread of the cylinder head.
  • the body has a conical seat pressed against a conical seat of the cylinder head to ensure the tightness of the assembly.
  • the heating rod is advantageously positioned at least partially in the combustion chamber so as to be impacted by the flow of fuel injected into the combustion chamber.
  • connection tip An electric current is then applied to the connection tip to heat the glow plug rod through the heating filament.
  • the pencil generates the creation of a hot spot in the combustion chamber allowing the ignition of the mixture of air and fuel. Therefore, the glow plug allows the cold start of a diesel piston engine.
  • the implementation of a glow plug avoids the arrangement of a complex and bulky heating system.
  • a cylinder head is also equipped with intake and exhaust gas valves, as well as fuel injectors.
  • the location of the thread of a given glow plug can make its arrangement in a cylinder head difficult.
  • a manufacturer can then consider developing a new candle adapted to the new cylinder head.
  • the development of a new candle is particularly expensive. This development is all the more expensive in the context of an aircraft to the extent that an aircraft and in particular a rotorcraft is generally produced in small quantities compared to the number of copies produced for an automobile for example.
  • the present invention is then to go against this prejudice by proposing an alternative preheating assembly.
  • the invention relates to a preheating assembly of a piston engine of an aircraft, the arrangement of such a piston engine on an aircraft giving rise to specific difficulties.
  • a preheating assembly is intended for a piston engine cylinder head, this preheating assembly being provided with a glow plug having successively a connecting end then a body and a heating pencil, the body having an end lower part forming a first conical seat and an upper end comprising a first thread.
  • This preheating assembly comprises a hollow sleeve extending longitudinally from a lower extremal zone to an upper extremal zone, said sleeve extending radially from an inner surface delimiting a cavity towards an external surface, said glow plug being inserted into said cavity, said pencil protruding from said sheath through the lower extremal zone, the inner surface of the sheath having in the upper extremal zone a second thread engaged with the first thread of the glow plug, the inner surface of the sheath having in the lower extremity zone a first conical seat bearing against the first conical seat of the glow plug, the outer surface of the lower end zone having a third thread adapted to be screwed to a fourth thread of a cylinder head and a second conical seat intended for to be in support against a second if of a breech.
  • This preheating assembly therefore comprises a glow plug and a sleeve, this glow plug can be a conventional candle commercially available.
  • a candle is arranged directly in a cylinder head. This simple arrangement of a Glow plug can be tricky or impossible. The state of the art then tends to encourage the skilled person either to implement a heating system of another type, or to develop a new candle.
  • the invention goes against this prejudice by implementing a sleeve in which the candle is inserted.
  • the sheath is provided with a thread called “second thread” for screwing the candle into the sheath.
  • a support of the tapered seat of the candle called “first conical seat” against an inner conical seat of the sheath called “first conical seat” ensures sealing within the sheath.
  • a builder then adapts the position of the second thread and the first conical seat to the shape of the glow plug to use.
  • This glow plug can be a classic candle with a metal body and a metal or ceramic heating rod.
  • the sheath is screwed onto the lower part of the cylinder head on the side closest to the combustion chamber through a thread of the sleeve called "third thread".
  • the sleeve comprises a conical sealing surface for sealing between the cylinder head and the preheating assembly.
  • the preheating assembly forms a sealed assembly ensuring a seal to the combustion gases from the combustion chamber accommodating the glow plug.
  • This preheating assembly then represents a relatively simple assembly with reduced mass compared to preheating systems without glow plug.
  • this assembly allows the arrangement of a glow plug in a cylinder head not provided for this purpose.
  • a breech of a new type comprises a bottom flange for closing at least one cylinder.
  • the cylinder head further comprises an upper portion attached to the top of the lower sole.
  • Such a cylinder head makes it possible to use a bottom plate made of a material that is very resistant to temperature and a lightened upper part.
  • a standard candle may not be mounted directly in a relatively thin lower sole.
  • This preheating assembly may further include one or more additional features that follow.
  • the sleeve is for example made of steel to ensure good temperature insulation and good mechanical strength.
  • the sheath and / or the candle comprise a brake wire to optimize their fixation.
  • the mounting of the candle or sheath can thus be braked by a brake wire type device or equivalent.
  • the upper end zone of the sleeve may comprise a clamping means.
  • a clamping means may comprise a hexagonal head for example.
  • the invention is directed to a cylinder head for a piston engine for covering at least one cylinder.
  • This cylinder head has a lower soleplate for covering at least one cylinder of the engine and a top layer resting on the lower sole.
  • the cylinder head comprises at least one preheating assembly of the type described above, the lower soleplate having a lower through orifice intended to open onto a combustion chamber and said upper layer having a through upper orifice opening on a medium outside the cylinder head and on the lower orifice.
  • the sleeve is inserted into the lower orifice and the upper orifice, this sleeve being screwed to the lower sole, the third thread of the sleeve being screwed to a fourth thread of the lower sole and the second conical bearing surface of the sleeve bearing against a second seat of the lower flange, the pencil protruding from the cylinder head via the lower orifice of said lower flange.
  • the lower hole of the cylinder head is described as "through” to the extent that this hole passes right through the bottom flange according to its thickness.
  • the state of the art comprises a conventional cylinder head provided with a glow plug mounted directly in the cylinder head.
  • Such a candle does not seem to be able to be mounted in a cylinder head provided with a thin bottom sole surmounted by a top layer.
  • the upper layer may in particular comprise a material having a reduced mass, conducting the heat and able to be manufactured at a lower cost such as an aluminum alloy.
  • the lower sole may comprise a material that degrades little with temperature such as steel.
  • the invention makes it possible to remedy this by proposing a sheath that can be anchored in the bottom flange.
  • the seal between the preheating assembly and the cylinder head is made in the lower soleplate, which avoids a problem of gas leakage between the lower flange and the upper layer.
  • the cylinder head may comprise an O-ring arranged between the bottom flange and the upper layer, this O-ring being arranged around the sheath.
  • An O-ring is then optionally placed at the interface between the lower flange and the upper layer of the yoke around the sheath. This seal makes it possible to isolate the lower orifice and the upper orifice of water chambers for example. The O-ring thus prevents water leaks in the combustion chambers.
  • the yoke may have a clearance separating the upper layer of the sheath.
  • the sleeve passes through the upper layer of the cylinder head without requiring the use of sealing means, sealing being provided at the bottom sole.
  • this sheath is not in contact with the upper layer because of the presence of a clearance allowing the expansion of the sheath and / or the upper layer.
  • This game also limits the heat transfer from the glow plug to the upper layer.
  • the cylinder head having at least one air intake duct for conveying air to a combustion chamber and at least one gas exhaust duct for expelling gases from the combustion chamber. 'together Preheating is closer to the intake channel than the exhaust channel.
  • the mounting of the sheath and the glow plug is preferably performed on the side of the intake channels of the cylinder head, this side representing the less hot side of the cylinder head.
  • the invention is a piston engine provided with a motor unit housing at least one cylinder.
  • This engine then comprises at least one yoke of the type described above.
  • the invention is an aircraft equipped with such a motor.
  • the figure 1 presents a local cut of a motor 5 of an aircraft 1.
  • This engine 5 is a piston engine provided with an engine block 8. At least one cylinder 6 delimits a combustion chamber 7 within the engine block 8.
  • the engine 5 comprises at least one cylinder head 10 for closing off at least one cylinder 6.
  • this cylinder head 10 has air intake and exhaust gas channels that are not visible on the cylinder. figure 1 . These air intake and gas exhaust channels are in fluid communication with the combustion chamber 7.
  • This cylinder head is further provided with a lower soleplate 11 resting on a cylinder 6 to close the combustion chamber 7.
  • the cylinder head has an upper layer 12 which rests on the lower soleplate.
  • the lower flange 11 may have a thickness EP1 lower than the thickness EP2 of the upper layer.
  • the bottom flange 11 has a thickness of about one centimeter.
  • the lower sole 11 may comprise a material distinct from the material constituting the upper layer.
  • the cylinder head may comprise a preheating unit 20 per covered cylinder to create a hot spot in the combustion chamber 7.
  • This preheating unit 20 comprises a glow plug 30 and a sleeve 40.
  • the candle 30 is a conventional candle which has a connecting end 31, a body 32 and a pencil 33.
  • a heating filament extends for example in the pencil 33 to heat the pencil 33 and in particular the tip 38 of the pencil 33.
  • the body 32 can be decomposed into a lower end 34 located in the extension of the pencil 33, and an upper end 36 extended by the connection tip.
  • the spark plug has successively in a longitudinal direction X1 from the combustion chamber 7 to an external environment EXT located outside the engine: the rod 33, the lower end 34 of the body, the upper end 36 of the body and the connection tip.
  • the lower end 34 of the body has a conical bearing.
  • This conical bearing is called “first taper 35" to be individually identified.
  • this first conical bearing surface 35 is positioned at the interface between the body 32 and the pencil.
  • first thread 37 is downstream of the first conical bearing surface with respect to the longitudinal direction X1.
  • the preheating assembly comprises a hollow sleeve 40.
  • This sleeve 40 is thus interposed between the spark plug 30 and the cylinder head 10. Indeed, the spark plug 30 is screwed into the sleeve 40, this sleeve 40 being screwed into the cylinder head 10.
  • the sheath is provided with a casing extending in the longitudinal direction X1 of a lower extremal zone 41 towards an upper extremal zone 42.
  • lower extremal zone 41 the section of the sheath extending in the lower sole 11
  • zone upper extremal 42 the section of the sleeve extending into the upper layer 12 of the cylinder head.
  • the casing of the sleeve 40 extends radially from an inner surface 43 defining a cavity 60 to an outer surface 44 which is opposite the walls of the cylinder head.
  • the inner surface 43 of the sleeve 40 has a thread in the upper end zone 42. This thread is called “second thread 45" to be individually identified.
  • This inner surface 43 of the sheath 40 also has in the lower end zone 41 a first conical seat 46.
  • the first conical seat 46 is upstream of the second thread 45 with respect to the longitudinal direction X1.
  • outer surface 44 of the sheath has a thread at the lower end zone 41 of this sheath. This thread is called “third thread 47" to be individually identified.
  • the outer surface 44 has a tapered seat at the lower end zone 41.
  • This tapered seat is referred to as the "second taper seat 48" to be individually identified.
  • the first conical seat 35 of the candle is in sealing engagement against the first conical seat 46 of the sheath.
  • the pencil 33 of the candle partially projects from the sheath 40.
  • the operator screws the sheath into the breech.
  • the operator can first screw the sheath into the breech, then the candle into the sheath.
  • the upper end zone 42 of the sleeve advantageously comprises a clamping means 80.
  • the yoke comprises a lower orifice 13 passing through the lower flange 11.
  • This lower orifice 13 can be broken down into a first portion 13 'having a wide section to accommodate the sleeve 40 and a second portion 13 "having a restricted section for simply to be crossed by the pencil 33.
  • the yoke has an upper orifice 14 passing through the upper layer 12.
  • the upper orifice 12 opens on the one hand into the external medium EXT and into the lower orifice 13, this lower orifice 13 opening further into the combustion chamber 7.
  • the sleeve 40 passes entirely through the upper orifice 12 to be screwed into the lower soleplate 11. Indeed, the third thread 47 of the sleeve 40 is screwed to the fourth thread 15 of the lower soleplate 11. In addition, the second span conical 48 of the sleeve 40 bears against the second seat 16 of the lower sole 11.
  • the pencil 33 then protrudes from the bolt 10 via the lower orifice 13 of said lower flange 11.
  • the preheating assembly may comprise at least one brake wire for holding in position the spark plug 30 and / or the sheath.
  • a brake wire 76 makes it possible to fix the upper end zone 42 of the sheath to the breech and / or a brake wire 77 makes it possible to fix the spark plug to the breech.
  • Other means equivalent to the brake wire may be used such as a "net brake glue".
  • the cylinder head has a set of expansion simply called "game 90" between the upper layer 12 of the cylinder head and the sleeve 40.
  • a sheath induces the presence of a dead volume 200 in the lower orifice in fluid communication. with the combustion chamber 7. This dead volume is then located in the first portion 13 'of the lower orifice, being between the end of the sleeve and the second portion 13 "of the lower orifice.
  • the yoke 10 may comprise an O-ring 95.
  • This O-ring 95 is arranged between the bottom flange 11 and the upper layer 12.
  • this O-ring 95 is arranged around the sleeve 40.
  • the cylinder head may define at least one air intake duct 18 for conveying air to the combustion chamber 7, and at least one gas exhaust duct 19 for expelling the gases from the combustion chamber 7 after combustion.
  • the breech can accommodate an injector 100.
  • the preheating unit 20 is favorably closer to the air intake duct 18 than to the gas exhaust duct 19.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un ensemble de préchauffage, une culasse équipée de cet ensemble, un moteur à pistons équipé d'une telle culasse et un aéronef.The present invention relates to a preheating assembly, a cylinder head equipped with this assembly, a piston engine equipped with such a cylinder head and an aircraft.

L'invention se situe donc dans le domaine technique restreint des dispositifs de préchauffage d'un moteur à pistons, et notamment d'un moteur Diesel. Plus particulièrement, l'invention se situe dans le domaine technique des aéronefs équipés d'un moteur à pistons à allumage par compression.The invention is therefore in the restricted technical field of preheating devices of a piston engine, and in particular a diesel engine. More particularly, the invention is in the technical field of aircraft equipped with a compression ignition piston engine.

En particulier, un aéronef peut comprendre au moins un rotor pour assurer au moins partiellement sa sustentation et/ ou sa propulsion. Ce rotor est alors entraîné en rotation par une installation motrice comprenant au moins un moteur. Ce moteur peut être un moteur à pistons.In particular, an aircraft may comprise at least one rotor to at least partially ensure its lift and / or propulsion. This rotor is then rotated by a power plant comprising at least one motor. This engine can be a piston engine.

Un moteur à pistons comporte usuellement un bloc moteur accueillant un cylindre par piston, chaque piston coulissant dans un cylindre. Chaque cylindre est alors fermé par une culasse.A piston engine usually comprises a motor unit accommodating one cylinder per piston, each piston sliding in a cylinder. Each cylinder is then closed by a cylinder head.

Par ailleurs, le fonctionnement d'un moteur Diesel repose sur l'auto-inflammation d'un carburant dans une chambre de combustion remplie d'air comprimé à une température élevée. Par suite, l'air doit atteindre une température minimale en fin de compression pour provoquer l'inflammation du carburant.In addition, the operation of a diesel engine is based on the self-ignition of a fuel in a combustion chamber filled with compressed air at a high temperature. As a result, the air must reach a minimum temperature at the end of compression to cause ignition of the fuel.

Or, cette température minimale peut être difficile à atteindre lorsque le moteur est froid.However, this minimum temperature can be difficult to reach when the engine is cold.

Par suite, un moteur diesel peut comprendre un système de préchauffage.As a result, a diesel engine may include a preheating system.

Des systèmes de réchauffage par eau visent à réchauffer complètement un moteur.Water heating systems are designed to completely heat an engine.

Ces systèmes sont intéressants mais leur agencement dans un aéronef paraît délicat.These systems are interesting but their arrangement in an aircraft seems delicate.

D'autres systèmes de réchauffage visent à réchauffer les gaz avant leur admission dans une chambre de combustion.Other heating systems aim to heat the gases before they enter a combustion chamber.

Un autre système consiste à mettre en oeuvre une bougie de préchauffage par cylindre.Another system is to implement a glow plug per cylinder.

Une bougie de préchauffage comporte successivement un embout de connexion, un corps puis un crayon chauffant. Un filament de chauffage est de plus inséré dans le crayon en étant relié à l'embout de connexion.A glow plug comprises successively a connection tip, a body and a heating pencil. A heating filament is further inserted into the pencil by being connected to the connection tip.

Dès lors, la bougie de préchauffe traverse la culasse pour déboucher dans la chambre de combustion. Le corps de la bougie de préchauffage possède ainsi un filetage vissé à un filetage de la culasse. De plus, le corps comporte une portée conique plaquée contre un siège conique de la culasse pour garantir l'étanchéité de l'assemblage.Therefore, the glow plug passes through the cylinder head to open into the combustion chamber. The body of the glow plug thus has a thread screwed to a thread of the cylinder head. In addition, the body has a conical seat pressed against a conical seat of the cylinder head to ensure the tightness of the assembly.

Dès lors, le crayon chauffant est avantageusement positionné au moins partiellement dans la chambre de combustion de manière à être impacté par le flux de carburant injecté dans cette chambre de combustion.Therefore, the heating rod is advantageously positioned at least partially in the combustion chamber so as to be impacted by the flow of fuel injected into the combustion chamber.

Un courant électrique est alors appliqué à l'embout de connexion pour chauffer le crayon de la bougie de préchauffage au travers du filament de chauffage. Le crayon génère la création d'un point chaud dans la chambre de combustion permettant l'inflammation du mélange d'air et de carburant. Par conséquent, la bougie de préchauffage autorise le démarrage à froid d'un moteur à pistons Diesel.An electric current is then applied to the connection tip to heat the glow plug rod through the heating filament. The pencil generates the creation of a hot spot in the combustion chamber allowing the ignition of the mixture of air and fuel. Therefore, the glow plug allows the cold start of a diesel piston engine.

La mise en oeuvre d'une bougie de préchauffage évite l'agencement d'un système de réchauffage complexe et encombrant.The implementation of a glow plug avoids the arrangement of a complex and bulky heating system.

Néanmoins, une culasse est par ailleurs équipée de soupapes d'admission et d'échappement de gaz, ainsi que d'injecteurs de carburant.Nevertheless, a cylinder head is also equipped with intake and exhaust gas valves, as well as fuel injectors.

Par conséquent, l'espace disponible pour agencer une bougie de préchauffage peut s'avérer restreint.Therefore, the space available to arrange a glow plug can be limited.

L'emplacement du filetage d'une bougie de préchauffage donnée peut rendre délicat son agencement dans une culasse.The location of the thread of a given glow plug can make its arrangement in a cylinder head difficult.

Par suite, l'agencement d'une bougie de préchauffage existante peut s'avérer difficile sur une nouvelle culasse.As a result, the arrangement of an existing glow plug can be difficult on a new cylinder head.

Un constructeur peut alors envisager de développer une nouvelle bougie adaptée à la nouvelle culasse. Toutefois, le développement d'une nouvelle bougie s'avère particulièrement onéreux. Ce développement est d'autant plus onéreux dans le cadre d'un aéronef dans la mesure où un aéronef et notamment un giravion est généralement produit en faibles quantités comparées au nombre d'exemplaires produits pour une automobile par exemple.A manufacturer can then consider developing a new candle adapted to the new cylinder head. However, the development of a new candle is particularly expensive. This development is all the more expensive in the context of an aircraft to the extent that an aircraft and in particular a rotorcraft is generally produced in small quantities compared to the number of copies produced for an automobile for example.

Par suite, un constructeur d'aéronef tend à envisager l'implémentation d'autres systèmes de réchauffage.As a result, an aircraft manufacturer tends to consider the implementation of other heating systems.

La présente invention a alors pour objet d'aller à l'encontre de ce préjugé en proposant un ensemble de préchauffage alternatif.The present invention is then to go against this prejudice by proposing an alternative preheating assembly.

En particulier, l'invention vise un ensemble de préchauffage d'un moteur à pistons d'un aéronef, l'agencement d'un tel moteur à pistons sur un aéronef donnant lieu à des difficultés spécifiques.In particular, the invention relates to a preheating assembly of a piston engine of an aircraft, the arrangement of such a piston engine on an aircraft giving rise to specific difficulties.

Les documents FR 2 998 949 , DE 39 28 105 , FR 1 133 786 , BE 402 977 et FR 2 894 724 sont connus.The documents FR 2,998,949 , DE 39 28 105 , FR 1 133 786 , BE 402 977 and FR 2 894 724 are known.

Selon l'invention, un ensemble de préchauffage est destiné à une culasse de moteur à pistons, cet ensemble de préchauffage étant muni d'une bougie de préchauffage comportant successivement un embout de connexion puis un corps et un crayon chauffant, le corps présentant une extrémité inférieure formant une première portée conique et une extrémité supérieure comprenant un premier filetage.According to the invention, a preheating assembly is intended for a piston engine cylinder head, this preheating assembly being provided with a glow plug having successively a connecting end then a body and a heating pencil, the body having an end lower part forming a first conical seat and an upper end comprising a first thread.

Cet ensemble de préchauffage comprend un fourreau creux s'étendant longitudinalement d'une zone extrémale inférieure vers une zone extrémale supérieure, ledit fourreau s'étendant radialement d'une surface interne délimitant une cavité vers une surface externe, ladite bougie de préchauffage étant insérée dans ladite cavité, ledit crayon saillant dudit fourreau au travers de la zone extrémale inférieure, la surface interne du fourreau présentant dans la zone extrémale supérieure un deuxième filetage en prise avec le premier filetage de la bougie de préchauffage, la surface interne du fourreau présentant dans la zone extrémale inférieure un premier siège conique en appui contre la première portée conique de la bougie de préchauffage, la surface externe de la zone extrémale inférieure comportant un troisième filetage apte à être vissé à un quatrième filetage d'une culasse et une deuxième portée conique destinée à être en appui contre un deuxième siège d'une culasse .This preheating assembly comprises a hollow sleeve extending longitudinally from a lower extremal zone to an upper extremal zone, said sleeve extending radially from an inner surface delimiting a cavity towards an external surface, said glow plug being inserted into said cavity, said pencil protruding from said sheath through the lower extremal zone, the inner surface of the sheath having in the upper extremal zone a second thread engaged with the first thread of the glow plug, the inner surface of the sheath having in the lower extremity zone a first conical seat bearing against the first conical seat of the glow plug, the outer surface of the lower end zone having a third thread adapted to be screwed to a fourth thread of a cylinder head and a second conical seat intended for to be in support against a second if of a breech.

Cet ensemble de préchauffage comporte donc une bougie de préchauffage et un fourreau, cette bougie de préchauffage pouvant être une bougie usuelle disponible dans le commerce.This preheating assembly therefore comprises a glow plug and a sleeve, this glow plug can be a conventional candle commercially available.

Selon certains états de la technique, on agence une bougie directement dans une culasse. Cet agencement simple d'une bougie de préchauffage peut s'avérer délicat voire impossible. L'état de la technique tend alors à inciter l'homme du métier soit à mettre en oeuvre un système de réchauffage d'un autre type, soit à développer une nouvelle bougie.According to certain states of the art, a candle is arranged directly in a cylinder head. This simple arrangement of a Glow plug can be tricky or impossible. The state of the art then tends to encourage the skilled person either to implement a heating system of another type, or to develop a new candle.

L'invention va à l'encontre de ce préjugé en mettant en oeuvre un fourreau dans lequel la bougie est insérée.The invention goes against this prejudice by implementing a sleeve in which the candle is inserted.

Dès lors, le fourreau est muni d'un filetage dénommé « deuxième filetage » permettant de visser la bougie dans le fourreau. Un appui de la portée conique de la bougie dite « première portée conique » contre un siège conique interne du fourreau dénommé « premier siège conique » assure l'étanchéité au sein du fourreau.Therefore, the sheath is provided with a thread called "second thread" for screwing the candle into the sheath. A support of the tapered seat of the candle called "first conical seat" against an inner conical seat of the sheath called "first conical seat" ensures sealing within the sheath.

Un constructeur adapte alors la position du deuxième filetage et du premier siège conique à la forme de la bougie de préchauffage à utiliser. Cette bougie de préchauffage peut être une bougie classique munie d'un corps en métal et d'un crayon de chauffage en métal ou en céramique.A builder then adapts the position of the second thread and the first conical seat to the shape of the glow plug to use. This glow plug can be a classic candle with a metal body and a metal or ceramic heating rod.

En outre, le fourreau est vissé sur la partie basse de la culasse du coté le plus proche de la chambre de combustion par le biais d'un filetage du fourreau dénommé « troisième filetage ». De plus, le fourreau comprend une portée conique d'étanchéité pour assure l'étanchéité entre la culasse et l'ensemble de préchauffage.In addition, the sheath is screwed onto the lower part of the cylinder head on the side closest to the combustion chamber through a thread of the sleeve called "third thread". In addition, the sleeve comprises a conical sealing surface for sealing between the cylinder head and the preheating assembly.

Par conséquent, l'ensemble de préchauffage forme un ensemble étanche garantissant une étanchéité aux gaz de combustion provenant de la chambre de combustion accueillant la bougie de préchauffage.Therefore, the preheating assembly forms a sealed assembly ensuring a seal to the combustion gases from the combustion chamber accommodating the glow plug.

Cet ensemble de préchauffage représente alors un ensemble relativement simple présentant une masse réduite comparée à des systèmes de préchauffage dépourvus de bougie de préchauffage.This preheating assembly then represents a relatively simple assembly with reduced mass compared to preheating systems without glow plug.

De plus, cet ensemble permet l'agencement d'une bougie de préchauffage au sein d'une culasse non prévue à cet effet.In addition, this assembly allows the arrangement of a glow plug in a cylinder head not provided for this purpose.

En particulier, une culasse d'un nouveau type comporte une semelle inférieure pour obturer au moins un cylindre. La culasse comporte de plus une partie supérieure fixée sur le dessus de la semelle inférieure.In particular, a breech of a new type comprises a bottom flange for closing at least one cylinder. The cylinder head further comprises an upper portion attached to the top of the lower sole.

Une telle culasse permet de mettre en oeuvre une semelle inférieure réalisée à l'aide d'un matériau très résistant à la température et une partie supérieure allégée.Such a cylinder head makes it possible to use a bottom plate made of a material that is very resistant to temperature and a lightened upper part.

L'implantation d'une bougie standard passant à travers deux matériaux différents impose de résoudre des problèmes d'étanchéité délicats, auxquels répond l'ensemble de préchauffage selon l'invention.The implantation of a standard candle passing through two different materials requires solving delicate sealing problems, to which the preheating assembly according to the invention responds.

De plus, une bougie standard peut ne pas se monter directement dans une semelle inférieure relativement de faible épaisseur.In addition, a standard candle may not be mounted directly in a relatively thin lower sole.

La mise en oeuvre du fourreau selon l'invention permet de répondre à cette nouvelle problématique. Cette mise en oeuvre n'a rien d'évident car elle induit la création d'un léger volume mort additionnel en communication fluidique avec la chambre de combustion. Néanmoins, la demanderesse va à l'encontre des préjugés existants, les gains apportés par l'invention s'avérant plus importants que le désagrément généré par un tel volume mort.The implementation of the sheath according to the invention makes it possible to respond to this new problem. This implementation is not obvious because it induces the creation of a slight additional dead volume in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. Nevertheless, the plaintiff goes against existing prejudices, the gains brought by the invention being more important than the inconvenience generated by such a dead volume.

Cet ensemble de préchauffage peut de plus comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques additionnelles qui suivent.This preheating assembly may further include one or more additional features that follow.

Par exemple, cet ensemble comporte successivement selon une direction longitudinale :

  • une pointe du crayon,
  • le troisième filetage ménagé sur la surface externe de la zone extrémale inférieure du fourreau,
  • la deuxième portée conique de la surface externe de la zone extrémale inférieure du fourreau,
  • le premier siège conique de la surface interne de la zone extrémale inférieure du fourreau,
  • la première portée conique de la bougie en appui contre le premier siège conique,
  • le deuxième filetage de la surface interne de la zone extrémale supérieure du fourreau en prise avec le premier filetage de la bougie
For example, this set comprises successively in a longitudinal direction:
  • a tip of the pencil,
  • the third thread formed on the outer surface of the lower extremal zone of the sheath,
  • the second conical bearing surface of the outer surface of the lower extremal zone of the sheath,
  • the first conical seat of the inner surface of the lower extremal zone of the sheath,
  • the first conical seat of the candle resting against the first conical seat,
  • the second thread of the inner surface of the upper end zone of the sleeve engaged with the first thread of the candle

Par ailleurs, le fourreau est par exemple en acier pour assurer une bonne isolation en température et une bonne tenue mécanique.Furthermore, the sleeve is for example made of steel to ensure good temperature insulation and good mechanical strength.

Selon un autre aspect, le fourreau et/ou la bougie comportent un fil frein pour optimiser leur fixation.In another aspect, the sheath and / or the candle comprise a brake wire to optimize their fixation.

Le montage de la bougie ou du fourreau peut ainsi être freiné par un dispositif de type fil frein ou équivalent.The mounting of the candle or sheath can thus be braked by a brake wire type device or equivalent.

Par ailleurs, la zone extrémale supérieure du fourreau peut comporter un moyen de serrage. Un tel moyen de serrage peut comprendre une tête hexagonale par exemple.Furthermore, the upper end zone of the sleeve may comprise a clamping means. Such a clamping means may comprise a hexagonal head for example.

Outre un ensemble de préchauffage, l'invention vise une culasse destinée à un moteur à pistons pour recouvrir au moins un cylindre.In addition to a preheating assembly, the invention is directed to a cylinder head for a piston engine for covering at least one cylinder.

Cette culasse comporte une semelle inférieure destinée à recouvrir au moins un cylindre du moteur et une couche supérieure reposant sur la semelle inférieure. La culasse comporte au moins un ensemble de préchauffage du type décrit précédemment, la semelle inférieure comportant un orifice inférieur traversant destiné à déboucher sur une chambre de combustion et ladite couche supérieure comportant un orifice supérieur traversant débouchant sur un milieu extérieur à la culasse et sur l'orifice inférieur. Le fourreau est inséré dans l'orifice inférieur et l'orifice supérieur, ce fourreau étant vissé à la semelle inférieure, le troisième filetage du fourreau étant vissé à un quatrième filetage de la semelle inférieure et la deuxième portée conique du fourreau étant en appui contre un deuxième siège de la semelle inférieure, le crayon saillant de la culasse via l'orifice inférieur de ladite semelle inférieure.This cylinder head has a lower soleplate for covering at least one cylinder of the engine and a top layer resting on the lower sole. The cylinder head comprises at least one preheating assembly of the type described above, the lower soleplate having a lower through orifice intended to open onto a combustion chamber and said upper layer having a through upper orifice opening on a medium outside the cylinder head and on the lower orifice. The sleeve is inserted into the lower orifice and the upper orifice, this sleeve being screwed to the lower sole, the third thread of the sleeve being screwed to a fourth thread of the lower sole and the second conical bearing surface of the sleeve bearing against a second seat of the lower flange, the pencil protruding from the cylinder head via the lower orifice of said lower flange.

L'orifice inférieur de la culasse est qualifié de « traversant » dans le mesure où cet orifice traverse de part en part la semelle inférieure selon son épaisseur.The lower hole of the cylinder head is described as "through" to the extent that this hole passes right through the bottom flange according to its thickness.

L'état de la technique comprend une culasse classique munie d'une bougie de préchauffage montée directement dans la culasse.The state of the art comprises a conventional cylinder head provided with a glow plug mounted directly in the cylinder head.

Une telle bougie ne semble pas pouvoir être montée dans une culasse munie d'une semelle inférieure de faible épaisseur surmontée d'une couche supérieure. La couche supérieure peut notamment comprendre un matériau présentant une masse réduite, conduisant la chaleur et apte à être fabriqué à moindre coût tel qu'un alliage d'aluminium. La semelle inférieure peut comprendre un matériau se dégradant peu avec la température tel que l'acier.Such a candle does not seem to be able to be mounted in a cylinder head provided with a thin bottom sole surmounted by a top layer. The upper layer may in particular comprise a material having a reduced mass, conducting the heat and able to be manufactured at a lower cost such as an aluminum alloy. The lower sole may comprise a material that degrades little with temperature such as steel.

Une telle bougie du commerce serait en effet fixée à la couche supérieure de la culasse compte tenu de la position de son filetage. Un tel agencement s'avère impossible pour des raisons d'étanchéité, mais aussi de tenue mécanique du fait des caractéristiques mécaniques de la couche supérieure.Such a candle trade would indeed be attached to the upper layer of the cylinder head given the position of its thread. Such an arrangement proves impossible for reasons of sealing, but also of mechanical strength because of the mechanical characteristics of the upper layer.

L'invention permet d'y remédier en proposant un fourreau pouvant être ancré dans la semelle inférieure. L'étanchéité entre l'ensemble de préchauffage et la culasse est réalisée dans la semelle inférieure, ce qui évite un problème de fuite de gaz entre la semelle inférieure et la couche supérieure.The invention makes it possible to remedy this by proposing a sheath that can be anchored in the bottom flange. The seal between the preheating assembly and the cylinder head is made in the lower soleplate, which avoids a problem of gas leakage between the lower flange and the upper layer.

Par ailleurs, la culasse peut comporter un joint torique agencé entre la semelle inférieure et la couche supérieure, ce joint torique étant agencé autour du fourreau.Furthermore, the cylinder head may comprise an O-ring arranged between the bottom flange and the upper layer, this O-ring being arranged around the sheath.

Un joint torique est alors éventuellement placé à l'interface entre la semelle inférieure et la couche supérieure de la culasse autour du fourreau. Ce joint permet d'isoler l'orifice inférieur et l'orifice supérieur de chambres d'eau par exemple. Le joint torique permet ainsi d'éviter des fuites d'eau dans les chambres de combustion.An O-ring is then optionally placed at the interface between the lower flange and the upper layer of the yoke around the sheath. This seal makes it possible to isolate the lower orifice and the upper orifice of water chambers for example. The O-ring thus prevents water leaks in the combustion chambers.

Par ailleurs, la culasse peut présenter un jeu séparant la couche supérieure du fourreau.Moreover, the yoke may have a clearance separating the upper layer of the sheath.

Le fourreau traverse la couche supérieure de la culasse sans nécessiter l'emploi de moyens d'étanchéité, l'étanchéité étant assurée au niveau de la semelle inférieure.The sleeve passes through the upper layer of the cylinder head without requiring the use of sealing means, sealing being provided at the bottom sole.

De plus, ce fourreau n'est pas en contact avec la couche supérieure en raison de la présence d'un jeu permettant la dilatation du fourreau et/ou de la couche supérieure.In addition, this sheath is not in contact with the upper layer because of the presence of a clearance allowing the expansion of the sheath and / or the upper layer.

Ce jeu permet en outre de limiter le transfert de chaleur de la bougie de préchauffage vers la couche supérieure.This game also limits the heat transfer from the glow plug to the upper layer.

Par ailleurs, la culasse comportant au moins un canal d'admission d'air destiné à acheminer de l'air vers une chambre de combustion et au moins un canal d'échappement de gaz destiné à expulser des gaz de la chambre de combustion, l'ensemble de préchauffage est plus proche du canal d'admission que du canal d'échappement.Furthermore, the cylinder head having at least one air intake duct for conveying air to a combustion chamber and at least one gas exhaust duct for expelling gases from the combustion chamber. 'together Preheating is closer to the intake channel than the exhaust channel.

Le montage du fourreau et de la bougie de préchauffage est effectué de manière préférentielle du coté des canaux d'admission de la culasse, ce côté représentant le côté le moins chaud de la culasse.The mounting of the sheath and the glow plug is preferably performed on the side of the intake channels of the cylinder head, this side representing the less hot side of the cylinder head.

Outre une culasse, l'invention vise un moteur à pistons muni d'un bloc moteur logeant au moins un cylindre. Ce moteur comporte alors au moins une culasse du type décrit précédemment.In addition to a cylinder head, the invention is a piston engine provided with a motor unit housing at least one cylinder. This engine then comprises at least one yoke of the type described above.

Enfin, l'invention vise un aéronef muni d'un tel moteur.Finally, the invention is an aircraft equipped with such a motor.

L'invention et ses avantages apparaîtront avec plus de détails dans le cadre de la description qui suit avec des exemples donnés à titre illustratif en référence aux figures annexées qui représentent :

  • la figure 1, une vue présentant un ensemble de préchauffage agencé dans une culasse d'un moteur, et
  • la figure 2, un schéma explicitant le placement de l'ensemble de préchauffage par rapport à des canaux d'admission d'air et d'échappement de gaz.
The invention and its advantages will appear in more detail in the context of the description which follows with examples given by way of illustration with reference to the appended figures which represent:
  • the figure 1 a view showing a preheating unit arranged in a cylinder head of an engine, and
  • the figure 2 , a diagram explaining the placement of the preheating assembly with respect to air inlet and gas exhaust channels.

Les éléments présents dans plusieurs figures distinctes sont affectés d'une seule et même référence.The elements present in several separate figures are assigned a single reference.

La figure 1 présente une coupe locale d'un moteur 5 d'un aéronef 1.The figure 1 presents a local cut of a motor 5 of an aircraft 1.

Ce moteur 5 est un moteur à pistons pourvu d'un bloc moteur 8. Au moins un cylindre 6 délimite une chambre de combustion 7 au sein du bloc moteur 8.This engine 5 is a piston engine provided with an engine block 8. At least one cylinder 6 delimits a combustion chamber 7 within the engine block 8.

De plus, le moteur 5 comporte au moins une culasse 10 pour obturer au moins un cylindre 6. De manière usuelle, cette culasse 10 comporte des canaux d'admission d'air et d'échappement de gaz qui ne sont pas visibles sur la figure 1. Ces canaux d'admission d'air et d'échappement de gaz sont en communication fluidique avec la chambre de combustion 7.In addition, the engine 5 comprises at least one cylinder head 10 for closing off at least one cylinder 6. Usually, this cylinder head 10 has air intake and exhaust gas channels that are not visible on the cylinder. figure 1 . These air intake and gas exhaust channels are in fluid communication with the combustion chamber 7.

Cette culasse est en outre pourvue d'une semelle inférieure 11 reposant sur un cylindre 6 afin d'obturer la chambre de combustion 7. De plus, la culasse comporte une couche supérieure 12 qui repose sur la semelle inférieure.This cylinder head is further provided with a lower soleplate 11 resting on a cylinder 6 to close the combustion chamber 7. In addition, the cylinder head has an upper layer 12 which rests on the lower soleplate.

La semelle inférieure 11 peut avoir une épaisseur EP1 plus faible que l'épaisseur EP2 de la couche supérieure. A titre d'exemple, la semelle inférieure 11 a une épaisseur de l'ordre du centimètre.The lower flange 11 may have a thickness EP1 lower than the thickness EP2 of the upper layer. For example, the bottom flange 11 has a thickness of about one centimeter.

En outre, la semelle inférieure 11 peut comporter un matériau distinct du matériau constituant la couche supérieure.In addition, the lower sole 11 may comprise a material distinct from the material constituting the upper layer.

Par ailleurs, la culasse peut comporter un ensemble de préchauffage 20 par cylindre recouvert pour créer un point chaud dans la chambre de combustion 7.On the other hand, the cylinder head may comprise a preheating unit 20 per covered cylinder to create a hot spot in the combustion chamber 7.

Cet ensemble de préchauffage 20 comporte une bougie 30 de préchauffage et un fourreau 40.This preheating unit 20 comprises a glow plug 30 and a sleeve 40.

La bougie 30 est une bougie usuelle qui comporte un embout de connexion 31, un corps 32 et un crayon 33. Un filament chauffant s'étend par exemple dans le crayon 33 pour chauffer ce crayon 33 et en particulier la pointe 38 du crayon 33.The candle 30 is a conventional candle which has a connecting end 31, a body 32 and a pencil 33. A heating filament extends for example in the pencil 33 to heat the pencil 33 and in particular the tip 38 of the pencil 33.

Le corps 32 peut être décomposé en une extrémité inférieure 34 située dans le prolongement du crayon 33, et en une extrémité supérieure 36 prolongée par l'embout de connexion.The body 32 can be decomposed into a lower end 34 located in the extension of the pencil 33, and an upper end 36 extended by the connection tip.

Dès lors, la bougie présente successivement selon un sens longitudinal X1 allant de la chambre de combustion 7 vers un milieu extérieur EXT situé à l'extérieur du moteur : le crayon 33, l'extrémité inférieure 34 du corps, l'extrémité supérieur 36 du corps et l'embout de connexion.Therefore, the spark plug has successively in a longitudinal direction X1 from the combustion chamber 7 to an external environment EXT located outside the engine: the rod 33, the lower end 34 of the body, the upper end 36 of the body and the connection tip.

En outre, l'extrémité inférieure 34 du corps présente une portée conique. Cette portée conique est dénommée « première portée conique 35 » pour être individuellement identifiée. Par exemple, cette première portée conique 35 est positionnée à l'interface entre le corps 32 et le crayon.In addition, the lower end 34 of the body has a conical bearing. This conical bearing is called "first taper 35" to be individually identified. For example, this first conical bearing surface 35 is positioned at the interface between the body 32 and the pencil.

De plus, l'extrémité supérieure 36 du corps présente un filetage. Ce filetage est dénommé « premier filetage 37 » pour être individuellement identifié. Le premier filetage 37 est ainsi en aval de la première portée conique au regard du sens longitudinal X1.In addition, the upper end 36 of the body has a thread. This thread is called "first thread 37" to be individually identified. The first thread 37 is thus downstream of the first conical bearing surface with respect to the longitudinal direction X1.

On appelle donc « extrémité inférieure » l'extrémité du corps portant la première portée conique, et « extrémité supérieure » l'extrémité du corps portant le premier filetage.So called "lower end" the end of the body carrying the first tapered seat, and "upper end" the end of the body carrying the first thread.

Cette géométrie de la bougie ne permet pas son ancrage dans la semelle inférieure 11.This geometry of the candle does not allow its anchoring in the lower sole 11.

Dès lors, l'ensemble de préchauffage comporte un fourreau 40 creux. Ce fourreau 40 est ainsi interposé entre la bougie 30 et la culasse 10. En effet, la bougie 30 est vissée dans le fourreau 40, ce fourreau 40 étant vissé dans la culasse 10.Therefore, the preheating assembly comprises a hollow sleeve 40. This sleeve 40 is thus interposed between the spark plug 30 and the cylinder head 10. Indeed, the spark plug 30 is screwed into the sleeve 40, this sleeve 40 being screwed into the cylinder head 10.

A cet effet, le fourreau est muni d'une enveloppe s'étendant selon le sens longitudinal X1 d'une zone extrémale inférieure 41 vers une zone extrémale supérieure 42.For this purpose, the sheath is provided with a casing extending in the longitudinal direction X1 of a lower extremal zone 41 towards an upper extremal zone 42.

On appelle « zone extrémale inférieure 41 » le tronçon du fourreau s'étendant dans la semelle inférieure 11, et « zone extrémale supérieure 42 » le tronçon du fourreau s'étendant dans la couche supérieure 12 de la culasse.Is called "lower extremal zone 41" the section of the sheath extending in the lower sole 11, and "zone upper extremal 42 "the section of the sleeve extending into the upper layer 12 of the cylinder head.

De plus, l'enveloppe du fourreau 40 s'étend radialement d'une surface interne 43 délimitant une cavité 60 vers une surface externe 44 qui est en regard des parois de la culasse.In addition, the casing of the sleeve 40 extends radially from an inner surface 43 defining a cavity 60 to an outer surface 44 which is opposite the walls of the cylinder head.

Dès lors, la surface interne 43 du fourreau 40 comporte un filetage dans la zone extrémale supérieure 42. Ce filetage est dénommé « deuxième filetage 45 » pour être individuellement identifié.Therefore, the inner surface 43 of the sleeve 40 has a thread in the upper end zone 42. This thread is called "second thread 45" to be individually identified.

Cette surface interne 43 du fourreau 40 comporte par ailleurs dans la zone extrémale inférieure 41 un premier siège conique 46.This inner surface 43 of the sheath 40 also has in the lower end zone 41 a first conical seat 46.

Le premier siège conique 46 est en amont du deuxième filetage 45 au regard du sens longitudinal X1.The first conical seat 46 is upstream of the second thread 45 with respect to the longitudinal direction X1.

En outre, la surface externe 44 du fourreau présente un filetage au niveau de la zone extrémale inférieure 41 de ce fourreau. Ce filetage est dénommé « troisième filetage 47 » pour être individuellement identifié.In addition, the outer surface 44 of the sheath has a thread at the lower end zone 41 of this sheath. This thread is called "third thread 47" to be individually identified.

De plus, la surface externe 44 comporte une portée conique au niveau de la zone extrémale inférieure 41. Cette portée conique est dénommée « deuxième portée conique 48 » pour être individuellement identifiée.In addition, the outer surface 44 has a tapered seat at the lower end zone 41. This tapered seat is referred to as the "second taper seat 48" to be individually identified.

Par conséquent, un opérateur peut insérer la bougie 30 dans la cavité 60 du fourreau. Cet opérateur visse ainsi la bougie 30 dans le fourreau 40, le premier filetage 37 étant alors en prise avec le deuxième filetage 45.Therefore, an operator can insert the spark plug 30 into the cavity 60 of the sheath. This operator thus screws the spark plug 30 into the sleeve 40, the first thread 37 then being engaged with the second thread 45.

A l'issue de l'opération de vissage, la première portée conique 35 de la bougie est an appui étanche contre le premier siège conique 46 du fourreau.At the end of the screwing operation, the first conical seat 35 of the candle is in sealing engagement against the first conical seat 46 of the sheath.

De plus, le crayon 33 de la bougie saille partiellement du fourreau 40.In addition, the pencil 33 of the candle partially projects from the sheath 40.

Dès lors, l'opérateur visse le fourreau dans la culasse. Selon un procédé alternatif, l'opérateur peut visser en premier lieu le fourreau dans la culasse, puis la bougie dans le fourreau.From then on, the operator screws the sheath into the breech. According to an alternative method, the operator can first screw the sheath into the breech, then the candle into the sheath.

Pour faciliter le vissage du fourreau, la zone extrémale supérieure 42 du fourreau comporte favorablement un moyen de serrage 80.To facilitate the screwing of the sleeve, the upper end zone 42 of the sleeve advantageously comprises a clamping means 80.

En outre, la culasse comporte un orifice inférieur 13 traversant la semelle inférieure 11. Cet orifice inférieur 13 peut être décomposé en une première partie 13' présentant une section large pour accueillir le fourreau 40 et une deuxième partie 13" présentant une section restreinte pour simplement être traversée par le crayon 33.In addition, the yoke comprises a lower orifice 13 passing through the lower flange 11. This lower orifice 13 can be broken down into a first portion 13 'having a wide section to accommodate the sleeve 40 and a second portion 13 "having a restricted section for simply to be crossed by the pencil 33.

De plus, la culasse comporte un orifice supérieur 14 traversant la couche supérieure 12.In addition, the yoke has an upper orifice 14 passing through the upper layer 12.

Par suite, l'orifice supérieur 12 débouche d'une part dans le milieu extérieur EXT et dans l'orifice inférieur 13, cet orifice inférieur 13 débouchant en outre dans la chambre de combustion 7.As a result, the upper orifice 12 opens on the one hand into the external medium EXT and into the lower orifice 13, this lower orifice 13 opening further into the combustion chamber 7.

Par conséquent, le fourreau 40 traverse entièrement l'orifice supérieur 12 pour être vissé dans la semelle inférieure 11. En effet, le troisième filetage 47 du fourreau 40 est vissé au quatrième filetage 15 de la semelle inférieure 11. De plus, la deuxième portée conique 48 du fourreau 40 est en appui contre le deuxième siège 16 de la semelle inférieure 11.Therefore, the sleeve 40 passes entirely through the upper orifice 12 to be screwed into the lower soleplate 11. Indeed, the third thread 47 of the sleeve 40 is screwed to the fourth thread 15 of the lower soleplate 11. In addition, the second span conical 48 of the sleeve 40 bears against the second seat 16 of the lower sole 11.

Le crayon 33 saille alors de la culasse 10 via l'orifice inférieur 13 de ladite semelle inférieure 11.The pencil 33 then protrudes from the bolt 10 via the lower orifice 13 of said lower flange 11.

Selon le sens longitudinal X1, l'ensemble de préchauffage 20 comporte successivement :

  • la pointe 38 du crayon 33,
  • le troisième filetage 47 ménagé sur la surface externe 44 de la zone extrémale inférieure 41 du fourreau 40,
  • la deuxième portée conique 48 de la surface externe 44 de la zone extrémale inférieure 41 du fourreau 40,
  • le premier siège conique 46 de la surface interne 43 de la zone extrémale inférieure 41 du fourreau 40,
  • la première portée conique 35 de la bougie 30 en appui contre le premier siège conique 46,
  • le deuxième filetage 45 de la surface interne 43 de la zone extrémale supérieure 42 du fourreau 40 en prise avec le premier filetage 37 de la bougie 30 de préchauffage.
In the longitudinal direction X1, the preheating assembly 20 comprises successively:
  • the tip 38 of the pencil 33,
  • the third thread 47 formed on the outer surface 44 of the lower end zone 41 of the sleeve 40,
  • the second conical bearing surface 48 of the outer surface 44 of the lower end zone 41 of the sheath 40,
  • the first conical seat 46 of the inner surface 43 of the lower end zone 41 of the sleeve 40,
  • the first conical bearing surface 35 of the spark plug 30 bearing against the first conical seat 46,
  • the second thread 45 of the inner surface 43 of the upper end zone 42 of the sheath 40 in engagement with the first thread 37 of the glow plug 30.

Par ailleurs, l'ensemble de préchauffage peut comprendre au moins un fil frein pour maintenir en position la bougie 30 et/ ou le fourreau.Furthermore, the preheating assembly may comprise at least one brake wire for holding in position the spark plug 30 and / or the sheath.

Par exemple, un fil frein 76 permet de fixer la zone extrémale supérieure 42 du fourreau à la culasse et/ou un fil frein 77 permet de fixer la bougie à la culasse. D'autres moyens équivalents au fil frein peuvent être utilisés tels qu'une « colle frein filet ».For example, a brake wire 76 makes it possible to fix the upper end zone 42 of the sheath to the breech and / or a brake wire 77 makes it possible to fix the spark plug to the breech. Other means equivalent to the brake wire may be used such as a "net brake glue".

Par ailleurs, la culasse comporte un jeu de dilatation dénommé plus simplement « jeu 90 » entre la couche supérieure 12 de la culasse et le fourreau 40.Furthermore, the cylinder head has a set of expansion simply called "game 90" between the upper layer 12 of the cylinder head and the sleeve 40.

De même, l'agencement d'un fourreau induit la présence d'un volume mort 200 dans l'orifice inférieur en communication fluidique avec la chambre de combustion 7. Ce volume mort est alors localisé dans la première partie 13' de l'orifice inférieur, en étant compris entre le bout du fourreau et la deuxième partie 13" de cet orifice inférieur.Likewise, the arrangement of a sheath induces the presence of a dead volume 200 in the lower orifice in fluid communication. with the combustion chamber 7. This dead volume is then located in the first portion 13 'of the lower orifice, being between the end of the sleeve and the second portion 13 "of the lower orifice.

En outre, la culasse 10 peut comporter un joint torique 95. Ce joint torique 95 est agencé entre la semelle inférieure 11 et la couche supérieure 12. De plus, ce joint torique 95 est agencé autour du fourreau 40.In addition, the yoke 10 may comprise an O-ring 95. This O-ring 95 is arranged between the bottom flange 11 and the upper layer 12. In addition, this O-ring 95 is arranged around the sleeve 40.

En référence à la figure 2, la culasse peut délimiter au moins un canal d'admission d'air 18 pour acheminer de l'air vers la chambre de combustion 7, et au moins un canal d'échappement de gaz 19 pour expulser les gaz de la chambre de combustion 7 après la combustion. De plus la culasse peut accueillir un injecteur 100.With reference to the figure 2 , the cylinder head may define at least one air intake duct 18 for conveying air to the combustion chamber 7, and at least one gas exhaust duct 19 for expelling the gases from the combustion chamber 7 after combustion. In addition the breech can accommodate an injector 100.

Dès lors, l'ensemble 20 de préchauffage est favorablement plus proche du canal d'admission d'air 18 que du canal d'échappement de gaz 19.Therefore, the preheating unit 20 is favorably closer to the air intake duct 18 than to the gas exhaust duct 19.

Naturellement, la présente invention est sujette à de nombreuses variations quant à sa mise en oeuvre. On comprend bien qu'il n'est pas concevable d'identifier de manière exhaustive tous les modes possibles. Il est bien sûr envisageable de remplacer un moyen décrit par un moyen équivalent sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention telle que définie par les revendications.Naturally, the present invention is subject to many variations as to its implementation. It is understandable that it is not conceivable to exhaustively identify all the possible modes. It is of course conceivable to replace a means described by equivalent means without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims.

Claims (12)

  1. A preheating assembly (20) intended for a cylinder head (10) for a piston engine (5), said preheating assembly (20) being provided with a glow plug (30) comprising in succession a connecting end piece (31), then a body (32) and a heating rod (33), said body (32) having a lower end (34) forming a first conical bearing surface (35) and an upper end (36) comprising a first thread (37),
    characterised in that said preheating assembly (20) comprises a hollow sheath (40) extending longitudinally from a lower end zone (41) towards an upper end zone (42), said sheath (40) extending radially from an inner surface (43) defining a cavity (60) towards an outer surface (44), said glow plug (30) being inserted into said cavity (60), said rod (33) projecting from said sheath (40) through the lower end zone (41), the inner surface (43) of the sheath (40) having in the upper end zone (42) a second thread (45) engaged with the first thread (37) of the glow plug (30), the inner surface (43) of the sheath (40) having in the lower end zone (41) a first conical seat (46) bearing against the first conical bearing surface (35) of the glow plug (30), the outer surface (44) of the lower end zone (41) comprising a third thread (47) suitable for being screwed to a fourth thread (15) of a cylinder head (10) and a second conical bearing surface (48) intended to bear against a second seat (16) of a cylinder head (10).
  2. An assembly according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that said assembly (20) comprises in succession in a longitudinal direction:
    - a tip (38) of the rod (33),
    - the third thread (47) formed on the outer surface (44) of the lower end zone (41) of the sheath (40),
    - the second conical bearing surface (48) of the outer surface (44) of the lower end zone (41) of the sheath (40),
    - the first conical seat (46) of the inner surface (43) of the lower end zone (41) of the sheath (40),
    - the first conical bearing surface (35) of the plug (30) bearing against the first conical seat (46),
    - the second thread (45) of the inner surface (43) of the upper end zone (42) of the sheath (40) engaged with the first thread (37) of the glow plug (30).
  3. An assembly according to any one of Claims 1 to 2,
    characterised in that said sheath (40) is made of steel.
  4. An assembly according to any one of Claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that said sheath (40) comprises a lock wire (76).
  5. An assembly according to any one of Claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that said glow plug (30) comprises a lock wire (77).
  6. An assembly according to any one of Claims 1 to 5,
    characterised in that said upper end zone (42) of the sheath comprises a clamping means (80).
  7. A cylinder head (10) intended for a piston engine (5) for covering at least one cylinder (6),
    characterised in that said cylinder head (10) comprises a lower plate (11) intended to cover at least one cylinder (6) of said engine (5) and an upper layer (12) resting on the lower plate (11), said cylinder head (10) comprising at least one preheating assembly (20) according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, said lower plate (11) comprising a lower through orifice (13) intended to open into a combustion chamber (7) and said upper layer (12) comprising an upper through orifice (14) opening into a medium (EXT) external to the cylinder head (10) and into the lower orifice (13), said sheath (40) being inserted into said lower orifice (13) and said upper orifce (14), said sheath (40) being screwed to the lower plate (11), said third thread (47) of the sheath (40) being screwed to a fourth thread (15) of the lower plate (11) and said second conical bearing surface (48) of the sheath (40) bearing against a second seat (16) of the lower plate (11), said rod (33) projecting from said cylinder head (10) via the lower orifice (13) of said lower plate (11).
  8. A cylinder head according to Claim 7,
    characterised in that said cylinder head (10) has a clearance (90) which separates said upper layer (12) from said sheath (40).
  9. A cylinder head according to any one of Claims 7 to 8,
    characterised in that said cylinder head (10) comprises an O-ring (95) arranged between the lower plate (11) and said upper layer (12), said O-ring (95) being arranged around said sheath (40).
  10. A cylinder head according to any one of Claims 7 to 9,
    characterised in that, said cylinder head (10) comprising at least one air intake duct (18) intended to supply air to a combustion chamber (7), and at least one gas exhaust duct (19) intended to expel gases from the combustion chamber (7), said preheating assembly (20) is closer to said air intake duct (18) than to the gas exhaust duct (19).
  11. A piston engine provided with an engine block housing at least one cylinder,
    characterised in that said engine (5) comprises at least one cylinder head (10) according to any one of Claims 7 to 10 for covering at least one cylinder (6).
  12. An aircraft (1),
    characterised in that said aircraft (1) comprises at least one engine (5) according to Claim 11.
EP15172122.2A 2014-07-09 2015-06-15 A preheater assembly, a cylinder head, a piston engine, and an aircraft Active EP2966355B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1401536A FR3023604B1 (en) 2014-07-09 2014-07-09 PREHEATING ASSEMBLY, CYLINDER HEAD, PISTON ENGINE AND AIRCRAFT

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2966355A1 EP2966355A1 (en) 2016-01-13
EP2966355B1 true EP2966355B1 (en) 2016-11-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15172122.2A Active EP2966355B1 (en) 2014-07-09 2015-06-15 A preheater assembly, a cylinder head, a piston engine, and an aircraft

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US9593661B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2966355B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2894922C (en)
FR (1) FR3023604B1 (en)
PL (1) PL2966355T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109098910A (en) * 2018-09-07 2018-12-28 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 A kind of auxiliary system starting method and apparatus

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE402977A (en) *
FR1133786A (en) * 1954-10-29 1957-04-02 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Improvements to incandescent spark plugs for internal combustion engines
DE3928105A1 (en) * 1988-09-03 1990-03-15 Volkswagen Ag Glow-plug for injector jet - has separate threaded sleeve with integral power leads
JP3911930B2 (en) * 1999-10-28 2007-05-09 株式会社デンソー Glow plug with combustion pressure sensor
US7115836B2 (en) * 2004-06-29 2006-10-03 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Glow plug
DE102005021229A1 (en) * 2005-05-09 2006-11-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glow plug with combustion chamber pressure sensor
FR2894724B1 (en) * 2005-12-08 2008-02-29 Renault Sas DEVICE FOR THE ANGULAR INDEXATION OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE CANDLE
FR2948420B1 (en) * 2009-07-24 2012-02-17 Alain Maurice Ange Magagnini METHOD FOR REDUCING CONSUMPTION AND POLLUTING EMISSIONS OF A COLD ENGINE WITH CONTROLLED IGNITION AND LIQUID FUEL
FR2998949B1 (en) * 2012-12-04 2018-09-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh DIESEL ENGINE PREHEATING CANDLE

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2894922A1 (en) 2016-01-09
US9593661B2 (en) 2017-03-14
PL2966355T3 (en) 2017-03-31
CA2894922C (en) 2016-08-23
EP2966355A1 (en) 2016-01-13
FR3023604B1 (en) 2016-07-01
FR3023604A1 (en) 2016-01-15
US20160010617A1 (en) 2016-01-14

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