EP2964738B1 - Lubricating composition - Google Patents
Lubricating composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2964738B1 EP2964738B1 EP14707798.6A EP14707798A EP2964738B1 EP 2964738 B1 EP2964738 B1 EP 2964738B1 EP 14707798 A EP14707798 A EP 14707798A EP 2964738 B1 EP2964738 B1 EP 2964738B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- base oil
- composition
- lubricating composition
- foam agent
- fischer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 86
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- -1 polyol esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OIWIYLWZIIJNHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-sulfanylpyrazole Chemical compound SN1C=CC=N1 OIWIYLWZIIJNHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYRMLECORMNZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-B [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S Chemical compound [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S XYRMLECORMNZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical class C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003582 thiophosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical class [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/004—Foam inhibited lubricant compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
- C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/74—Noack Volatility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lubricating composition
- a lubricating composition comprising a base oil and one or more performance additives for particular use in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine used in a passenger vehicle or light duty van.
- crankcase engine oils In practice various lubricating compositions for crankcase engines are known.
- a disadvantage of known crankcase engine oils is that, especially when they are based on conventional mineral Group III base oils, they may have undesirable fuel economy oil performance values, it being problematic to blend to lower SAE J300 viscosity grades.
- a further problem of known crankcase engine oils is that they may have undesirable properties for one or more of wear performance and NOACK volatility, particularly when blending to lower SAE J300 viscosity grades.
- WO2010020653 discloses the use of Fischer-Tropsch base oils in lubricating compositions.
- the composition of Example 1 of WO2010020653 shows a surprisingly low NOACK volatility when compared to the composition of Comparative Example 1 (using a Group III mineral base oil).
- polyalphaolefin base oils are relatively expensive and therefore it would be desirable to find an alternative way of lowering the NOACK volatility of 0W-30 and 0W-40 formulations, particularly those formulations comprising Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils.
- a lubricating composition comprising:
- a non-silicone anti-foam agent for reducing the NOACK volatility of a lubricating composition, in particular wherein the lubricating composition comprises a Fischer-Tropsch base oil.
- the lubricating composition has a desirably low cold-crank viscosity (i.e. dynamic viscosity according to ASTM D 5293), i.e. a cranking viscosity of at most 6600cP at -30°C (ASTM D5293).
- the base oil used in the lubricating composition according to the present invention there are no particular limitations regarding the base oil used in the lubricating composition according to the present invention, and various conventional mineral oils, synthetic oils as well as naturally derived esters such as vegetable oils may be conveniently used, provided that the requirements in respect of the lubricant composition according to the present invention are met.
- the base oil used in the present invention may conveniently comprise mixtures of one or more mineral oils and/or one or more synthetic oils; thus, according to the present invention, the term "base oil” may refer to a mixture containing more than one base oil.
- Mineral oils include liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oil of the paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic/naphthenic type which may be further refined by hydrofinishing processes and/or dewaxing.
- Suitable base oils for use in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention are Group III mineral base oils, Group IV poly-alpha olefins (PAOs), Group III Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils and mixtures thereof.
- Group III and “Group IV” base oils in the present invention are meant lubricating oil base oils according to the definitions of American Petroleum Institute (API) for category III and IV. These API categories are defined in API Publication 1509, 15th Edition, Appendix E, April 2002 .
- Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils are known in the art.
- Fischer-Tropsch derived is meant that a base oil is, or is derived from, a synthesis product of a Fischer-Tropsch process.
- a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil may also be referred to as a GTL (Gas-To-Liquids) base oil.
- Suitable Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils that may be conveniently used as the base oil in the lubricating composition of the present invention are those as for example disclosed in EP 0 776 959 , EP 0 668 342 , WO 97/21788 , WO 00/15736 , WO 00/14188 , WO 00/14187 , WO 00/14183 , WO 00/14179 , WO 00/08115 , WO 99/41332 , EP 1 029 029 , WO 01/18156 and WO 01/57166 .
- Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as olefin oligomers (including polyalphaolefin base oils; PAOs), dibasic acid esters, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), alkyl naphthalenes and dewaxed waxy isomerates.
- hydrocarbon oils such as olefin oligomers (including polyalphaolefin base oils; PAOs), dibasic acid esters, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), alkyl naphthalenes and dewaxed waxy isomerates.
- Synthetic hydrocarbon base oils sold by the Shell Group under the designation "Shell XHVI" (trade mark) may be conveniently used.
- Poly-alpha olefin base oils PAOs
- Suitable poly-alpha olefin base oils that may be used in the lubricating compositions of the present invention may be derived from linear C 2 to C 32 , preferably C 6 to C 16 , alpha olefins.
- Particularly preferred feedstocks for said poly-alpha olefins are 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and 1-tetradecene.
- the base oil as used in the lubricating composition according to the present invention comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
- the base oil contains more than 50 wt.%, preferably more than 60 wt.%, more preferably more than 70 wt.%, even more preferably more than 80 wt.%. most preferably more than 90 wt.% Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
- not more than 5 wt.%, preferably not more than 2 wt.%, of the base oil is not a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
- the lubricating composition is essentially free of polyalphaolefin base oil, i.e. no more than 2 wt.% of the base oil is a polyalphaolefin base oil. In a particularly preferred embodiment herein, the lubricating composition is free of polyalphaolefin base oil. In another preferred embodiment herein 100 wt% of the base oil is based on one or more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils.
- the total amount of base oil incorporated in the lubricating composition of the present invention is preferably present in an amount in the range of from 60 to 99 wt.%, more preferably in an amount in the range of from 65 to 90 wt.% and most preferably in an amount in the range of from 70 to 85 wt.%, with respect to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
- the base oil (or base oil blend) preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least 3.5 cSt (according to ASTM D445), preferably at least 3.8 cSt and most preferably at least 4.1 cSt.
- the lubricating composition of the present invention further comprises a non-silicone anti-foam agent which is an alkyl polyacrylate.
- the non-silicone anti-foam agent is present at a level of from 10ppm to 500ppm, preferably from 30ppm to 200ppm, more preferably from 100ppm to 200ppm, by weight of the lubricating composition.
- PC1644 commercially available from Cytec.
- PC1644 is an acrylic copolymer comprising ethylacrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate copolymer.
- Another commercially available alkyl polyacrylate anti-foam agent for use herein is PC2544 commercially available from Cytec.
- PC2544 is a modified acrylic copolymer.
- the lubricating composition according to the present invention meets certain specific requirements for the dynamic viscosity at -30°C, the kinematic viscosity at 100°C and the NOACK volatility.
- the dynamic viscosity at -30°C (according to ASTM D 5293) of the composition is at most 6600 cP.
- the dynamic viscosity at -35°C (according to ASTM D 5293) of the composition is at most 6200cP.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100°C (according to ASTM D 445) of the composition is at most 16.3 cSt, preferably from 9.3 to 16.3 cSt, more preferably from 9.3 and 12.5 cSt.
- the high temperature, high shear viscosity ("HTHS"; according to ASTM D 4683) of the lubricating composition is in the range of from 2.9 to 3.7 mPa.s, preferably in the range of from 2.9 to 3.5 mPa.s.
- the NOACK volatility (according to CEC-L-40-93) of the composition is 11 wt% or below, preferably 10.5 wt% or below, even more preferably 10.0 wt.% or below.
- the NOACK volatility (according to CEC-L-40-93) is at least 8 wt.%.
- the lubricating composition according to the present invention further comprises one or more additives such as anti-oxidants, anti-wear additives, dispersants, detergents, overbased detergents, extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents, seal compatibility agents and additive diluent base oils, etc.
- additives such as anti-oxidants, anti-wear additives, dispersants, detergents, overbased detergents, extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents, seal compatibility agents and additive diluent base oils, etc.
- a preferred additive is a silicone-based anti-foam agent which can be present on its own or as part of a performance additive package.
- the silicone-based anti-foam agent is preferably present at a level of from 20 to 200ppm, by weight of the lubricating composition.
- a preferred silicone-based anti-foam agent is a polysiloxane.
- a silicone-based anti-foam agent is particularly useful herein in combination with a non-silicone anti-foam agent for providing a lubricating composition having reduced NOACK volatility.
- Anti-oxidants that may be conveniently used include phenyl-naphthylamines (such as "IRGANOX L-06" available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals) and diphenylamines (such as "IRGANOX L-57” available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals) as e.g. disclosed in WO 2007/045629 and EP 1 058 720 B1 , phenolic anti-oxidants, etc.
- Anti-wear additives that may be conveniently used include zinc-containing compounds such as zinc dithiophosphate compounds selected from zinc dialkyl-, diaryl- and/or alkylaryl- dithiophosphates, molybdenum-containing compounds, boron-containing compounds and ashless anti-wear additives such as substituted or unsubstituted thiophosphoric acids, and salts thereof.
- zinc-containing compounds such as zinc dithiophosphate compounds selected from zinc dialkyl-, diaryl- and/or alkylaryl- dithiophosphates, molybdenum-containing compounds, boron-containing compounds and ashless anti-wear additives such as substituted or unsubstituted thiophosphoric acids, and salts thereof.
- molybdenum-containing compounds may conveniently include molybdenum dithiocarbamates, trinuclear molybdenum compounds, for example as described in WO 98/26030 , sulphides of molybdenum and molybdenum dithiophosphate.
- Boron-containing compounds that may be conveniently used include borate esters, borated fatty amines, borated epoxides, alkali metal (or mixed alkali metal or alkaline earth metal) borates and borated overbased metal salts.
- the dispersant used is preferably an ashless dispersant.
- ashless dispersants are polybutylene succinimide polyamines and Mannich base type dispersants.
- the detergent used is preferably an overbased detergent or detergent mixture containing e.g. salicylate, sulphonate and/or phenate-type detergents.
- viscosity index improvers which may conveniently be used in the lubricating composition of the present invention include the styrene-butadiene stellate copolymers, styrene-isoprene stellate copolymers and the polymethacrylate copolymer and ethylene-propylene copolymers. Dispersant-viscosity index improvers may be used in the lubricating composition of the present invention.
- the composition contains at least 0.1 wt.% of a pour point depressant.
- a pour point depressant alkylated naphthalene and phenolic polymers, polymethacrylates, maleate/fumarate copolymer esters may be conveniently used as effective pour point depressants.
- compounds such as alkenyl succinic acid or ester moieties thereof, benzotriazole-based compounds and thiodiazole-based compounds may be conveniently used in the lubricating composition of the present invention as corrosion inhibitors.
- seal fix or seal compatibility agents include, for example, commercially available aromatic esters.
- the lubricating compositions of the present invention may be conveniently prepared by admixing the one or more additives, including the non-silicone anti-foam agent, with the base oil(s).
- the above-mentioned additives are typically present in an amount in the range of from 0.01 to 35.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, preferably in an amount in the range of from 0.05 to 25.0 wt.%, more preferably from 1.0 to 20.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition.
- the composition contains from 10 wt.% to 15 wt.% of an additive package comprising a combination of additives including anti-oxidants, a zinc-based anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased detergent mixture, and a silicone-based anti-foaming agent.
- an additive package comprising a combination of additives including anti-oxidants, a zinc-based anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased detergent mixture, and a silicone-based anti-foaming agent.
- the composition meets the requirements of an SAE J300 0W-30 or 0W-40 formulation, preferably those of a 0W-30 formulation.
- the present invention provides the use of a non-silicone anti-foam agent for reducing the NOACK volatility of lubricating composition, in particular wherein the lubricating composition comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
- the present invention provides a method of improving NOACK volatility properties, which method comprises lubricating the crankcase of an engine, in particular a passenger car motor engine, with a lubricating composition according to the present invention.
- Table 1 indicates the properties for the base oils used.
- Table 1 Base oil 1 (GTL4)
- Base oil 2 (GTL8) Kinematic viscosity at 100°C 1 [cSt] 4.2 8.5 VI Index 2 120 120 NOACK volatility 3 [wt.%] 14 5 1 According to ASTM D 445 2 According to ASTM D 2270 3 According to CEC L-40-A-93 / ASTM D 5800
- Table 2 indicates the composition and properties of the fully formulated engine oil formulations that were tested; the amounts of the components are given in wt.%, based on the total weight of the fully formulated formulations.
- All tested engine oil formulations contained a combination of a base oil, an additive package (Additive Package 1), and a supplementary additive package (Additive Package 2), which additive packages were the same in all tested compositions.
- Additive package 1 was Infineum P6660 commercially available from Infineum which contained a combination of additives including anti-oxidants, a zinc-based anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased detergent mixture, and a silicone-based anti-foaming agent.
- Additive package 2 contained a combination of a dispersant, anti-oxidant and a friction modifier.
- Examples 1 to 6 contained a non-silicone anti-foam agent.
- the non-silicone anti-foam agents were alkyl polyacrylate anti-foam agents with the tradenames PC1644 and PC2544 commercially available from Cytec.
- Comparative Examples 2 to 4 contained a silicone-containing anti-foam agent (Synative AC AMH-2 commercially available from Cognis).
- a conventional viscosity modifier concentrate was used to adjust the viscosity and a conventional pour point depressant was used to adjust the pour point.
- Base oil 1 was a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil (“GTL 4") having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approx. 4 cSt (mm 2 s -1 ).
- Base oil 2 was a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil (“GTL 8") having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approx. 8 cSt (mm 2 s -1 ).
- GTL 4 and GTL 8 base oils may be conveniently manufactured by the process described in e.g. WO-A-02/070631 , the teaching of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- compositions of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 to 4 were obtained by mixing the base oils with the additive package and the anti-foam agent, where present, using conventional lubricant blending procedures.
- Comparative Examples 1-4 and Examples 1-6 met the requirements of a 0W-30 formulation, according to SAE J300.
- An important advantage of the present invention is that 0W-30 formulations meeting stringent NOACK volatility requirements (e.g. less than or equal to 10 wt.%) can be obtained without the need to use (relatively expensive) poly-alpha olefin (PAO) base oils.
- stringent NOACK volatility requirements e.g. less than or equal to 10 wt.%
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Description
- The present invention relates to a lubricating composition comprising a base oil and one or more performance additives for particular use in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine used in a passenger vehicle or light duty van.
- In practice various lubricating compositions for crankcase engines are known. A disadvantage of known crankcase engine oils is that, especially when they are based on conventional mineral Group III base oils, they may have undesirable fuel economy oil performance values, it being problematic to blend to lower SAE J300 viscosity grades. A further problem of known crankcase engine oils is that they may have undesirable properties for one or more of wear performance and NOACK volatility, particularly when blending to lower SAE J300 viscosity grades.
- Attempts have been made to overcome the above problems by formulating with non-mineral oil Group III base oils, such as Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils.
WO2010020653 discloses the use of Fischer-Tropsch base oils in lubricating compositions. The composition of Example 1 ofWO2010020653 shows a surprisingly low NOACK volatility when compared to the composition of Comparative Example 1 (using a Group III mineral base oil). - However, it has been found that in low viscosity formulations such as 0W-30 and 0W-40 engine oils, the use of Fischer-Tropsch base oils may not be enough on their own to provide the low NOACK volatility values desired for such formulations.
- One way to further lower the NOACK volatility is to use a combination of polyalphaolefin base oils in addition to a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil. However, polyalphaolefin base oils are relatively expensive and therefore it would be desirable to find an alternative way of lowering the NOACK volatility of 0W-30 and 0W-40 formulations, particularly those formulations comprising Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils.
- It has surprisingly been found that by including a non-silicone anti-foam agent in the lubricating formulation the NOACK volatility can be lowered to desirable levels.
- Hence according to the present invention there is provided a lubricating composition comprising:
- (i) a base oil;
- (ii) a non-silicone anti-foam agent; and
- (iii) one or more performance additives;
- According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of a non-silicone anti-foam agent for reducing the NOACK volatility of a lubricating composition, in particular wherein the lubricating composition comprises a Fischer-Tropsch base oil.
- Another important advantage of the present invention is that the lubricating composition has a desirably low cold-crank viscosity (i.e. dynamic viscosity according to ASTM D 5293), i.e. a cranking viscosity of at most 6600cP at -30°C (ASTM D5293).
- It is an advantage of the present invention that it allows the formulation of alternative SAE J300 0W-30 and 0W-40 crankcase engine oils.
- There are no particular limitations regarding the base oil used in the lubricating composition according to the present invention, and various conventional mineral oils, synthetic oils as well as naturally derived esters such as vegetable oils may be conveniently used, provided that the requirements in respect of the lubricant composition according to the present invention are met.
- The base oil used in the present invention may conveniently comprise mixtures of one or more mineral oils and/or one or more synthetic oils; thus, according to the present invention, the term "base oil" may refer to a mixture containing more than one base oil. Mineral oils include liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oil of the paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic/naphthenic type which may be further refined by hydrofinishing processes and/or dewaxing.
- Suitable base oils for use in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention are Group III mineral base oils, Group IV poly-alpha olefins (PAOs), Group III Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils and mixtures thereof.
- By "Group III" and "Group IV" base oils in the present invention are meant lubricating oil base oils according to the definitions of American Petroleum Institute (API) for category III and IV. These API categories are defined in API Publication 1509, 15th Edition, Appendix E, April 2002.
- Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils are known in the art. By the term "Fischer-Tropsch derived" is meant that a base oil is, or is derived from, a synthesis product of a Fischer-Tropsch process. A Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil may also be referred to as a GTL (Gas-To-Liquids) base oil. Suitable Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils that may be conveniently used as the base oil in the lubricating composition of the present invention are those as for example disclosed in
EP 0 776 959 ,EP 0 668 342 ,WO 97/21788 WO 00/15736 WO 00/14188 WO 00/14187 WO 00/14183 WO 00/14179 WO 00/08115 WO 99/41332 EP 1 029 029 ,WO 01/18156 WO 01/57166 - Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as olefin oligomers (including polyalphaolefin base oils; PAOs), dibasic acid esters, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), alkyl naphthalenes and dewaxed waxy isomerates. Synthetic hydrocarbon base oils sold by the Shell Group under the designation "Shell XHVI" (trade mark) may be conveniently used.
- Poly-alpha olefin base oils (PAOs) and their manufacture are well known in the art. Suitable poly-alpha olefin base oils that may be used in the lubricating compositions of the present invention may be derived from linear C2 to C32, preferably C6 to C16, alpha olefins. Particularly preferred feedstocks for said poly-alpha olefins are 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and 1-tetradecene.
- The base oil as used in the lubricating composition according to the present invention comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
- There is a strong preference for using a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil over a PAO base oil, in view of the high cost of manufacture of the PAOs. Thus, preferably, the base oil contains more than 50 wt.%, preferably more than 60 wt.%, more preferably more than 70 wt.%, even more preferably more than 80 wt.%. most preferably more than 90 wt.% Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil. In an especially preferred embodiment not more than 5 wt.%, preferably not more than 2 wt.%, of the base oil is not a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil. In a preferred embodiment herein, the lubricating composition is essentially free of polyalphaolefin base oil, i.e. no more than 2 wt.% of the base oil is a polyalphaolefin base oil. In a particularly preferred embodiment herein, the lubricating composition is free of polyalphaolefin base oil. In another preferred embodiment herein 100 wt% of the base oil is based on one or more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils.
- The total amount of base oil incorporated in the lubricating composition of the present invention is preferably present in an amount in the range of from 60 to 99 wt.%, more preferably in an amount in the range of from 65 to 90 wt.% and most preferably in an amount in the range of from 70 to 85 wt.%, with respect to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
- According to the present invention the base oil (or base oil blend) preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least 3.5 cSt (according to ASTM D445), preferably at least 3.8 cSt and most preferably at least 4.1 cSt.
- The lubricating composition of the present invention further comprises a non-silicone anti-foam agent which is an alkyl polyacrylate.
- The non-silicone anti-foam agent is present at a level of from 10ppm to 500ppm, preferably from 30ppm to 200ppm, more preferably from 100ppm to 200ppm, by weight of the lubricating composition.
- An example of a suitable alkyl polyacrylate anti-foam agents is PC1644 commercially available from Cytec. PC1644 is an acrylic copolymer comprising ethylacrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate copolymer. Another commercially available alkyl polyacrylate anti-foam agent for use herein is PC2544 commercially available from Cytec. PC2544 is a modified acrylic copolymer.
- As mentioned above, the lubricating composition according to the present invention meets certain specific requirements for the dynamic viscosity at -30°C, the kinematic viscosity at 100°C and the NOACK volatility.
- Typically, the dynamic viscosity at -30°C (according to ASTM D 5293) of the composition is at most 6600 cP.
- Typically, the dynamic viscosity at -35°C (according to ASTM D 5293) of the composition is at most 6200cP.
- Typically, the kinematic viscosity at 100°C (according to ASTM D 445) of the composition is at most 16.3 cSt, preferably from 9.3 to 16.3 cSt, more preferably from 9.3 and 12.5 cSt.
- Typically, the high temperature, high shear viscosity ("HTHS"; according to ASTM D 4683) of the lubricating composition is in the range of from 2.9 to 3.7 mPa.s, preferably in the range of from 2.9 to 3.5 mPa.s.
- Typically, the NOACK volatility (according to CEC-L-40-93) of the composition is 11 wt% or below, preferably 10.5 wt% or below, even more preferably 10.0 wt.% or below. Typically the NOACK volatility (according to CEC-L-40-93) is at least 8 wt.%.
- The lubricating composition according to the present invention further comprises one or more additives such as anti-oxidants, anti-wear additives, dispersants, detergents, overbased detergents, extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents, seal compatibility agents and additive diluent base oils, etc.
- As the person skilled in the art is familiar with the above and other additives, these are not further discussed here in detail. Specific examples of such additives are described in for example Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, third edition, volume 14, pages 477-526.
- A preferred additive is a silicone-based anti-foam agent which can be present on its own or as part of a performance additive package. The silicone-based anti-foam agent is preferably present at a level of from 20 to 200ppm, by weight of the lubricating composition.
- A preferred silicone-based anti-foam agent is a polysiloxane. A silicone-based anti-foam agent is particularly useful herein in combination with a non-silicone anti-foam agent for providing a lubricating composition having reduced NOACK volatility.
- Anti-oxidants that may be conveniently used include phenyl-naphthylamines (such as "IRGANOX L-06" available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals) and diphenylamines (such as "IRGANOX L-57" available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals) as e.g. disclosed in
WO 2007/045629 andEP 1 058 720 B1 , phenolic anti-oxidants, etc. - Anti-wear additives that may be conveniently used include zinc-containing compounds such as zinc dithiophosphate compounds selected from zinc dialkyl-, diaryl- and/or alkylaryl- dithiophosphates, molybdenum-containing compounds, boron-containing compounds and ashless anti-wear additives such as substituted or unsubstituted thiophosphoric acids, and salts thereof.
- Examples of such molybdenum-containing compounds may conveniently include molybdenum dithiocarbamates, trinuclear molybdenum compounds, for example as described in
WO 98/26030 - Boron-containing compounds that may be conveniently used include borate esters, borated fatty amines, borated epoxides, alkali metal (or mixed alkali metal or alkaline earth metal) borates and borated overbased metal salts.
- The dispersant used is preferably an ashless dispersant. Suitable examples of ashless dispersants are polybutylene succinimide polyamines and Mannich base type dispersants.
- The detergent used is preferably an overbased detergent or detergent mixture containing e.g. salicylate, sulphonate and/or phenate-type detergents.
- Examples of viscosity index improvers which may conveniently be used in the lubricating composition of the present invention include the styrene-butadiene stellate copolymers, styrene-isoprene stellate copolymers and the polymethacrylate copolymer and ethylene-propylene copolymers. Dispersant-viscosity index improvers may be used in the lubricating composition of the present invention.
- Preferably, the composition contains at least 0.1 wt.% of a pour point depressant. As an example, alkylated naphthalene and phenolic polymers, polymethacrylates, maleate/fumarate copolymer esters may be conveniently used as effective pour point depressants. Preferably not more than 0.3 wt.% of the pour point depressant is used.
- Furthermore, compounds such as alkenyl succinic acid or ester moieties thereof, benzotriazole-based compounds and thiodiazole-based compounds may be conveniently used in the lubricating composition of the present invention as corrosion inhibitors.
- Compounds which may be conveniently used in the lubricating composition of the present invention as seal fix or seal compatibility agents include, for example, commercially available aromatic esters.
- The lubricating compositions of the present invention may be conveniently prepared by admixing the one or more additives, including the non-silicone anti-foam agent, with the base oil(s).
- The above-mentioned additives are typically present in an amount in the range of from 0.01 to 35.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, preferably in an amount in the range of from 0.05 to 25.0 wt.%, more preferably from 1.0 to 20.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition.
- Preferably, the composition contains from 10 wt.% to 15 wt.% of an additive package comprising a combination of additives including anti-oxidants, a zinc-based anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased detergent mixture, and a silicone-based anti-foaming agent.
- According to an especially preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition meets the requirements of an SAE J300 0W-30 or 0W-40 formulation, preferably those of a 0W-30 formulation.
- In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of a non-silicone anti-foam agent for reducing the NOACK volatility of lubricating composition, in particular wherein the lubricating composition comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
- Also the present invention provides a method of improving NOACK volatility properties, which method comprises lubricating the crankcase of an engine, in particular a passenger car motor engine, with a lubricating composition according to the present invention.
- The present invention is described below with reference to the following Examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
- Various engine oils for use in a crankcase engine were formulated.
- Table 1 indicates the properties for the base oils used.
Table 1 Base oil 1 (GTL4) Base oil 2 (GTL8) Kinematic viscosity at 100°C1 [cSt] 4.2 8.5 VI Index2 120 120 NOACK volatility3 [wt.%] 14 5 1According to ASTM D 445
2According to ASTM D 2270
3According to CEC L-40-A-93 / ASTM D 5800 - Table 2 indicates the composition and properties of the fully formulated engine oil formulations that were tested; the amounts of the components are given in wt.%, based on the total weight of the fully formulated formulations.
- All tested engine oil formulations contained a combination of a base oil, an additive package (Additive Package 1), and a supplementary additive package (Additive Package 2), which additive packages were the same in all tested compositions.
- Additive package 1 was Infineum P6660 commercially available from Infineum which contained a combination of additives including anti-oxidants, a zinc-based anti-wear additive, an ashless dispersant, an overbased detergent mixture, and a silicone-based anti-foaming agent.
- Additive package 2 contained a combination of a dispersant, anti-oxidant and a friction modifier.
- Examples 1 to 6 contained a non-silicone anti-foam agent. The non-silicone anti-foam agents were alkyl polyacrylate anti-foam agents with the tradenames PC1644 and PC2544 commercially available from Cytec.
- Comparative Examples 2 to 4 contained a silicone-containing anti-foam agent (Synative AC AMH-2 commercially available from Cognis).
- In all formulations, a conventional viscosity modifier concentrate was used to adjust the viscosity and a conventional pour point depressant was used to adjust the pour point.
- "Base oil 1" was a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil ("GTL 4") having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approx. 4 cSt (mm2s-1).
- "Base oil 2" was a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil ("GTL 8") having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approx. 8 cSt (mm2s-1).
- These GTL 4 and GTL 8 base oils may be conveniently manufactured by the process described in e.g.
WO-A-02/070631 - The compositions of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 to 4 were obtained by mixing the base oils with the additive package and the anti-foam agent, where present, using conventional lubricant blending procedures.
- The composition of Comparative Examples 1-4 and Examples 1-6 met the requirements of a 0W-30 formulation, according to SAE J300.
- The lubricating compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples were subjected to various test methods as indicated in Table 2 in order to determine their NOACK volatility, their dynamic viscosity at -35°C and their kinematic viscosity at 100°C. The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Component [wt.%] Comp. Ex. 1 Comp. Ex. 2 Comp. Ex. 3 Comp. Ex. 4 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Additive Package 1 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 Additive Package 2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Pour Point Depressant 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Viscosity Modifier 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 Synative AC AMH-2 - 0.003 0.01 0.02 - - - - - PC1644 - - - - 0.003 0.01 0.02 - - - PC2544 - - - - - - - 0.003 0.01 0.02 GTL 4 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 GTL 8 6 5.997 5.99 5.98 5.997 5.99 5.98 5.997 5.99 5.98 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Vk1001 12.06 12.06 12.06 12.06 12.06 12.06 12.06 12.06 12.06 12.06 2 Vd-352 6041 6041 6041 6041 6041 6041 6041 6041 6041 6041 NOACK3, %/m 11.5 11.4 11.2 11.1 10.1 10.3 9.9 10.7 10.2 10.1 1. According to ASTM D445
2. According to ASTM D5293
3. According to CEC-L-40-93 - As can be learned from Table 2, Examples 1-6 containing a non-silicone anti-foam agent at 30ppm, 100ppm and 200ppm, have significantly lower NOACK volatility values than Comparative Examples 1-4 (not containing any non-silicone anti-foam agent).
- An important advantage of the present invention is that 0W-30 formulations meeting stringent NOACK volatility requirements (e.g. less than or equal to 10 wt.%) can be obtained without the need to use (relatively expensive) poly-alpha olefin (PAO) base oils.
wherein the lubricating composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (according to ASTM D445) of 16.3 mm2/s or less, a low temperature cranking viscosity of at most 6600cP at -30°C (ASTM D5293) and a NOACK volatility of at most 11% according to CEC-L-40-93.
Claims (6)
- A lubricating composition comprising:(i) a base oil;(ii) a non-silicone anti-foam agent;and(iii) one or more performance additives; andwherein the non-silicone anti-foam agent is an alkyl polyacrylate present at a level of from 10 ppm to 500 ppm by weight of the composition;
wherein the base oil comprises one or more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils; and
wherein the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (according to ASTM D445) of 16.3 mm2/s or less, a low temperature cranking viscosity of at most 6600cP at -30°C (ASTM D5293) and a NOACK volatility of at most 11% according to CEC-L-40-93. - Lubricating composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a NOACK volatility of at most 10.5% according to CEC-L-40-93.
- Lubricating composition according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the base oil comprises 80% or greater of one or more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils, by weight of the base oil.
- Lubricating composition according to any of Claims 1 to 3 wherein the composition is free of polyalphaolefin base oil.
- Lubricating composition according to any of Claims 1 to 4 wherein the one or more performance additives comprises a silicone-based anti-foam agent.
- Use of a non-silicone anti-foam agent for reducing the NOACK volatility of a lubricating composition, wherein the lubricating composition comprises:(i) a base oil;(ii) a non-silicone anti-foam agent;and(iii) one or more performance additives; andwherein the non-silicone anti-foam agent is an alkyl polyacrylate present at a level of from 10 ppm to 500 ppm, by weight of the composition;
wherein the base oil comprises one or more Fischer-Tropsch derived ase oil; and
wherein the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (according to ASTM D445) of 16.3 mm2/s or less, a low temperature cranking viscosity of at most 6600cP at -30°C (ASTM D5293) and a NOACK volatility of at most 11% according to CEC-L-40-93.
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US20200017793A1 (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2020-01-16 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Polyacrylate Antifoam Components With Improved Thermal Stability |
US20180305633A1 (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-10-25 | Shell Oil Company | Lubricating compositions comprising a volatility reducing additive |
WO2021085881A1 (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-06 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Thermoplastic resin composition |
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- 2014-03-04 BR BR112015019732-9A patent/BR112015019732B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-03-04 JP JP2015560665A patent/JP6339593B2/en active Active
- 2014-03-04 WO PCT/EP2014/054189 patent/WO2014135549A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-03-04 RU RU2015142072A patent/RU2659031C2/en active
- 2014-03-04 CN CN201480011710.2A patent/CN105026534B/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20160024418A1 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
WO2014135549A1 (en) | 2014-09-12 |
CN105026534A (en) | 2015-11-04 |
BR112015019732B1 (en) | 2021-06-08 |
RU2659031C2 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
RU2015142072A (en) | 2017-04-07 |
EP2964738A1 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
JP2016509116A (en) | 2016-03-24 |
CN105026534B (en) | 2018-08-14 |
JP6339593B2 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
BR112015019732A2 (en) | 2017-07-18 |
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