EP2961271A1

EP2961271A1 - Rodenticide composition in the form of agglomerated cereals and/or grains

Info

Publication number: EP2961271A1
Application number: EP14707367.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Alexis LOCKMAN; Elodie MERIADEC; Marie-Laure BIANNIC
Original assignee: Lodi
Current assignee: Lodi
Priority date: 2013-02-28
Filing date: 2014-02-27
Publication date: 2016-01-06
Also published as: WO2014131821A1; FR3002414A1; US20160007589A1; FR3002414B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a rodenticide composition in the form of a cereal bar. The invention relates to a solid rodenticide composition characterized in that it is in the form of agglomerated cereals and/or grains including: 50 % to 98 % by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least one cereal and/or of at least one grain, whole or crushed; 2 to 25 %, relative to the total weight of the composition, of a binder; 0 to 30 %, relative to the total weight of the composition, of plant or animal fat in solid form; 0 to 16 %, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least one additive; and 0.0005% to 6%, relative to the total weight of the composition, of rodenticide poison.

Description

Rodenticide composition in the form of cereals and / or agglomerated seeds.

1. Field of the invention

The field of the invention is that of phytosanitary compositions and biocides. More specifically, the invention relates to a rodenticide composition for use in the agri-food sector.

2. Prior Art

The overpopulation of rodents represents a danger both health and economic. Indeed, these rodents carry many pathogens transmissible to humans and animals such as plague, dysentery, typhus and leptospirosis. This transmission is via their fleas, their excrement and their bites.

Rodents also attack agricultural crops, which causes considerable economic losses. The damage done to the crops is numerous: the rats pierce the bags containing the cereals in order to consume them and defile the crops with their excrement. The number of crops destroyed or contaminated by rodents is estimated at 20%.

Rodents, because of their propensity to nibble wood, pipes and electrical cables, also cause fires and domestic incidents.

Among these rodents, for example, are the gray mouse (Mus musculus), the black rat (Rattus rattus), the Norway rat, the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), the louse (Eliomys quercinus), the field mouse (Apodemus). sylvaticus), nutria (Myocastor coypus), muskrat (Ondrata zybethicus) and vole (Microtus).

In order to combat the overpopulation of these rodents, the phytosanitary and biocidal industry has designed numerous baits incorporating rodenticide active ingredients. These baits consist of a base of cereals and food materials impregnated with a poison.

Anticoagulants, hypnotics, water retenters, cardiotoxic agents and cytotoxics, among others, are known as rodenticidal active agents.

The effectiveness of a rodenticide depends on many factors. One of the most important factors is the consumption of bait by the rodent and in particular its palatability. It is indeed necessary that the bait is sufficiently attractive for the rodent prefers to consume instead of its usual diet.

Another important factor to consider in bait design is the choice of rodenticide. It must be effective while limiting the mistrust of rodents. Indeed, rodents have excellent memories and remember dangerous foods. They also have a very developed sense of smell that allows them to detect the presence of a poison. In spite of this, they send "tasters" and wait several days to estimate the dangerousness of the tested food. They learn to quickly avoid many baits, especially those that cause a violent death in their congeners.

Taking into account these different parameters, the patent application WO2009 / 047175 describes different compositions for rodenticide bait.

A first example relates to rodenticide cereals which are in the form of cereal seeds, one or more kinds of seeds and / or cereals, coated or impregnated with a rodenticide active ingredient. Some of these cereals are also coated by spraying a vegetable oil or nima, which increases their appetite for rodents. However, rats scatter these cereals or carry them away for storage elsewhere. However, the random dispersion of this type of pesticide poses problems of sanitary safety, in par ticular with the problems of contamination of foodstuffs. For this reason, HACCP standards prohibit the use of cereals for easily dispersible rodenticides. This type of pesticide is also unsuitable for domestic use, as pets or young children can inadvertently ingest these rodenticide cereals.

For this reason, rodenticides in block form have been developed, prepared from flours (about 30%) and cereals (about 5%) mixed with paraffin as a binder. However, these blocks pose a problem of palatability, paraffin being in large quantity to resist wetlands. However, paraffin is unattractive to rodents who therefore abandon bait. As a result, these baits are less effective in controlling rodents.

Fresh rodenticide pastas were then proposed including, in place of the binder, vegetable or animal fats. Although more palatable than the blocks, they are not necessarily preferred by rodents when food competition is important and mostly in the form of cereals.

It is therefore necessary to provide a rodenticide bait that is both palatable, effective and non-dispersible, to effectively protect food rodents.

3. Objectives of the invention

The invention particularly aims to overcome these disadvantages of the prior art.

More specifically, an object of the invention is to provide, in at least one embodiment, a rodenticidal composition which is not easily dispersible.

Another object of the invention is to implement, in at least one embodiment, a rodenticide composition whose palatability is strong enough to induce the rodent to prefer the bait to its usual food. 4. Presentation of the invention

These objectives, as well as others that will appear later, are achieved using a rodenticide composition in solid form.

According to the invention, such a composition is in the form of cereals and / or agglomerated seeds comprising:

between 50% and 98% relative to the total weight of the composition of at least one cereal and / or at least one seed, in whole or crushed form,

between 2% and 25% relative to the total weight of the binder composition,

- between 0 and 30% by weight of the fat or vegetable fat composition in solid form,

between 0 and 16% relative to the total weight of the composition of at least one adjuvant, and

- be 0.0005% and 6% of the total weight of the poisonicide.

"Form of cereals and / or agglomerated seeds" means a composition comprising at least 50% of its mass of cereals and / or seeds of plants, whole or broken, cereals and / or seeds being maintained. together to form a solid set by means of an edible and nutritious lia nt. The composition according to the invention may cover various forms: pavement, parallelepiped, cylinder, sphere, pyramid, ... The form of the composition according to the invention may include ridges to facilitate the gripping of the bait by the rodent.

Such a rodenticidal composition, in the form of an agglomerate of cereals and / or seeds, therefore has the twofold advantage of being particularly palatable and of being poorly dispersible, which allows their use in a controlled manner. universal, and particularly in the agri-food sector.

Moreover, by the use of cereals and / or seeds in whole or crushed form, and not in the form of flour, rodenticide bait according to the invention is closer to the usual food rodents. It is therefore more palatable. It is understood by "crushed" that the seed can be broken into several pieces but without being reduced to powder as for a flour. According to the invention, the rodenticide composition does not include flour. Indeed, although flours are a popular source of food for rodents, the presence of flour makes the composition more friable. It is therefore necessary to incorporate a large amount of binders which reduces the appetizing character of the bait and amounts to producing a bait in the form of soft dough. However, the interest of a rodenticide composition that is not in the form of soft dough and which comprises at least 50% of cereals and / or seeds in whole or crushed form is that it is closer to the natural diet rodent and allows him to file his incisors.

In addition, cereals and seeds, in whole or crushed form, allow rodents to file their incisors, also called rodent teeth.

The absence of paraffin makes it possible to overcome the problem of palatability posed by the blocks. The high mass content of cereals also makes the bait more palatable for rodents. More attractive, the bait is more consumed and therefore more effective.

Packing the bait in the form of a cereal bar makes it less easily scattered than rodenticide cereals. As a result, the risks of dispersal of the bait in the food storage rooms are eliminated, or at least very small.

In other words, the composition according to the invention has the advantages of dispersible cereals and paraffin block while eliminating their disadvantages.

The percentage by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of a component A is calculated as follows (mass A / total mass of the composition) x 100. Preferably, the rodenticide poison is incorporated in the composition according to the invention in uncoated or unencapsulated form.

Advantageously, the rodenticidal poison is an anticoagulant selected from the group consisting of difethialone, coumatetralyl, flocoumafene, warfarin, warfarin sodium, chlorophacinone, brodifacoum, bromadiolone and difenacoum, preferably bromadiolone.

In another advantageous embodiment, the rodenticidal poison is selected from hypnotics and hepatotoxics. An example of hypnotic poison is alphachloralose. Another example of hepatotoxic poison is diazepam.

Anticoagulants are inhibitors of vitamin K, key molecule of the coagulation cascade. These active agents act by blocking the coagulation and weakening the capillaries. Internal bleeding occurs. They are particularly lethal in rodents with low blood volume and high heart rate. Slow action, they require the regular consumption of the bait before causing the death of the rodent. This slowness of action makes it possible to limit the phenomenon of mistrust in the cell, all of which is sufficient for the time being in case of accidental poisoning.

Anticoagulants such as warfarin and pindone, so-called first-generation anticoagulants, are known. Second- and third-generation anticoagulants, such as 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives (brodifacoum, bromadiolone, difenacoum) classified as T + and N by Regulation 1272/2008, can be effective from the first dose. They do not cause death until after a few days, which is too long to allow the rodent to make the link with the ingestion of the bait.

In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one cereal and / or the at least one seed is selected from the group consisting of millet, oats, rice, corn, wheat, sunflower, sesame , flax, poppy, oat flake, and their combinations.

The high grain content makes the bait particularly palatable for rodents. These cereals in particular are very popular with rodents. As a result, the bait is consumed more by rodents and is therefore more effective.

The cereals can be integrated either in full form as oatmeal but also in the form of whole grains or crushed. Rodents are in effect more attracted to cereals in the form of seeds or crushed seeds because this form is closer to their natural diet than flours.

The presence of wax and fat makes it possible to bind the seeds of cereals, whole or crushed, between them to conform them and to keep them together. Thus, dispersal and scattering of cereals by rodents is avoided. In addition, these ingredients are chosen so as to facilitate on the one hand the industrial manufacture of the rodenticide composition, and on the other hand so as to increase the palatability of the bait.

In addition, these elements make it possible to place the bait even in damp places, like the blocks and unlike rodenticide cereals that are poorly resistant to moisture.

In another advantageous embodiment, the dried fruit is selected from raisins, dried apricot, dehydrated apple ...

The dry fruit is incorporated into the composition according to the invention in the form of pieces, in order to facilitate their consumption by rodents and to facilitate the industrial preparation of the composition according to the invention.

The composition according to the invention may also comprise pieces of peanuts.

Advantageously, the at least one adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of preservatives, dyes, food flavorings, appetizing agents and bittering agents.

It can also contain at least one preservative. The presence of preservative is necessary to protect the bait as long as possible from the rancidity and the development of the mold, inevitable when a food is exposed to prolonged humidity conditions. Preferably, the preservative or preservatives are incorporated in the food base in an amount of less than or equal to 0.2% by weight. Examples are sorbic acid, citric acid, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), potassium sorbate, nitrates, antioxidants used in the food industry and parabens.

The incorporation of at least one additional appetizing agent makes it possible to attract the rodent further and to induce it to prefer the bait to its usual food, in spite of its natural suspicion. Cereals fulfill the role of appetizing agent, by their food nature. However, other agents can be added to increase the attractiveness of the bait. Examples include cumin, boiled beef, hazelnut extract, carrot flavor, sugar, cheese and olive oil. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the bait contains at least one appetizing agent. The choice of the appetizing agent or the combination of palatable agents is a function of the rodent targeted.

The base also contains at least one security baiter. The presence of a bitterer aims to repel non-target animals by the bait or spit it out by young children. By way of example, mention may be made of denatonium benzoate.

It is important that the additives used in the composition of the food base are harmless to humans. Indeed, in case of accidental ingestion, the treatment should focus only on the elimination of poison in the body of man or animal and not on the various components.

Advantageously, the binder is chosen from a vegetable wax, cocoa butter, an animal wax and a mineral wax except paraffin.

Although it is a vegetable fat, cocoa butter can serve as both a binder and an appetizing element.

Examples of vegetable wax, animal or mineral suitable for the implementation of the invention include microcrystalline wax, carnauba wax, beeswax, candellila wax ...

However, the use of paraffin is not desirable. Indeed, it has been found that, although being a very economical and effective binder, paraffin is not palatable for rodents. Blocks containing paraffin are abandoned by rodents when more enticing alternatives are offered to them, which is particularly the case in places of food storage. Therefore, within the meaning of the invention, the rodenticide composition does not include paraffin.

Preferably, the binder is between 2% and 15%, preferably between 2% and 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

Preferentially, the vegetable or animal fat is selected from tallow, lard, butter, palm oil, corn oil ...

These fats, vegetable or animal, are very popular with rodents and help make the bait appetizing. Therefore, the composition according to the invention is preferred to foodstuffs or other baits. Advantageously, these animal or vegetable fats can be incorporated in solid form, which makes it possible to shape the baits according to the invention more easily and to bind the cereals and / or the seeds together.

In an advantageous embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises between 50% and 90% by weight of cereals and / or seeds in the form of whole or crushed seeds, preferably between 50% and 75% by weight and even more preferably between 60% and 70% by weight.

The invention further relates to the use of the rodenticide composition in the form of cereals and / or agglomerated seeds for the control of rodent pests.

In particular, this use can be done for example by arranging the composition according to the invention at strategic locations in the place to be protected from the presence of rodents (silo, house, cellar, warehouse ...).

The process can also be done in two steps:

- firstly deposited a bait according to the invention devoid of poison

(placebo), which makes it difficult to eat meats and to get them used to eating the bait;

- the rodenticide bait is then made available. 5. List of figures

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description of a preferred embodiment, given by way of a simple illustrative and nonlimiting example, and the appended drawings, among which: FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of tests comparing the consumption of rodenticide compositions in the form of cereals and / or agglomerated seeds according to the invention compared to that of a rodenticide block. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of tests comparing the consumption of rodenticide compositions in the form of cereal bars and / or agglomerated seeds according to the invention compared to that of rodenticidal pastes. 6. Embodiments of the invention

Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following description. The general principle of the invention is based on the formulation of a rodenticide composition being at the same time particularly palatable to rodents, in order to maximize their consumption and therefore the effectiveness of the fight against pests, and not dispersible in order to be compatible with the standards in force in the agri-food field.

The exemplary embodiments are illustrative and in no way constitute a limitation to the present invention.

6.1 Manufacture of a Rodenticidal Composition According to the Invention

The rodenticidal compositions according to the invention can be produced by various methods well known to those skilled in the art.

Briefly, all the ingredients are mixed together, then the preparation is then subjected to a shaping step before being packaged either loose in a bucket or bagged and stored in cartons.

6.2 Examples of rodenticidal compositions in the form of agglomerated cereals according to the invention.

Various rodenticidal compositions according to the invention are prepared in the form of cereal bars in accordance with the process described in section 5.1.

Table 1 - Composition of rodenticide bait in the form of cereals and / or agglomerated seeds (Example 1)

Percentage

Ingredient Function

mass (%)

Wheat seed QSP 100% Appetizing element

Millet seed 20 Appetizing element

Sesame seed 20 Appetizing element

Wax 30 Binder

Amerisant 0.001 Security Amateurs Bromadiolone 0.005 Rodenticide active

Sugar 5 Appetizing Agent

BHT 0.02 Conservative

0.25 dye dye

It should be noted that this composition may also contain, in addition, various additives such as one or more preservatives, a security amerizer, at least one dye or food flavorings. It is customary for those skilled in the art to adapt the nature and proportions of such additives according to the preferences of the rodent targeted and conditions of use and storage.

Table 2 - Composition of rodenticide bait in the form of cereals and / or agglomerated seeds (Example 2)

Percentage

Ingredient Function

mass (%)

Wheat seeds QSP 100% Appetizing element

Sunflower seed 15 Appetizing element

Brown Raisins 10 Appetizing Element

Cocoa butter 20 Binder and appetizing element

Vegetable fat,

Vegetable fat 25

palatable

Bromadiolone 0.005 Rodenticide active

Coffee aroma 4.5 Appetizing agent

BHT 0.02 Conservative

0.25 dye dye Table 3 - Rodenticidal composition according to the invention, in the form of cereals and / or agglomerated seeds (Example 3)

Table 4 - Rodenticidal composition according to the invention, in the form of cereals and / or agglomerated seeds (Example 4)

Percentage

Ingredient Function

mass (%)

Wheat seeds QSP 100% Appetizing element

Oatmeal 5 Appetizing Element

Gray poppy seed 10 Appetizing element

Sesame seeds 10 Appetizing element

Vegetable wax 22 Binder element

Vegetable fat,

Vegetable fat 23

palatable Bromadiolone 0.005 Rodenticide active

Honey 4.5 Appetizing Agent

BHT 0.2 Conservative

0.25 dye dye

6.3 Comparative palatability trials.

Attempts have been made to compare the consumption by rodents of the different rodenticide baits used to date to that of the composition according to the invention, in the form of grains and / or agglomerated seeds. More specifically, these tests make it possible to determine the relative palatability of each bait for the rodents targeted.

The first series of tests consisted in comparing the consumption of rodenticidal composition according to the invention, presented in bar form (bar 1 and bar 2), with the consumption of a conventional rodenticide block, composed in particular of approximately 30% d a mixture of wheat flour and cereals, and 35% paraffin. The first rodenticide rod according to the invention corresponds to the formula indicated in Table 2, the second in Table 1. More specifically, each bait is made available to rodents for 11 days. The baits are changed every day. The amount of bait consumed by rodents is determined daily by weighing the bait after consumption and deducting the mass of bait consumed. The results of this study are presented in Figure 1.

As can be seen, the rodenticidal compositions according to the invention are much more consumed and preferred by rodents than flour-based blocks and paraffin. This is due to the presence of paraffin which, although a good binder, is not very palatable for rodents. In addition, although flours are a food normally enjoyed by rodents, they prefer to consume a bait comprising grains or seeds in whole or crushed form, which allow them to file the incisors.

The second study consists, in the same way, to propose to rodents a rodenticidal composition according to the invention, presented in bar form, and two different fresh pasta (paste 1 and paste 2). Each pasta is made up of about 70% a mixture of flours and 25% fat. The quantity consumed of each bait is recorded and recorded daily. The results are shown in Figure 2.

As can be seen from this graph, the bar is preferred to fresh pasta that is little or not consumed by rodents. On average, the rodenticidal compositions according to the invention represent between 88 and 100% of the daily consumption of rodents, the pasta then being abandoned or consumed to a lesser extent (between 0 and 12% for dough 1 and between 0 and 4, 5% for the paste 2). In other words, the rodenticidal composition according to the invention, in the form of grains and / or agglomerated seeds, is 7 to 10 times more consumed, than fresh pasta.

The rodenticidal composition according to the invention, in the form of granulated cereal bar and / or seed, is therefore more palatable than existing rodenticide baits. It is actually more effective at fighting rodents. 7. Conclusion

The present invention thus makes it possible to solve at the same time the problems of dispersibility posed by the rodenticidal cereals and the problems of palatability posed by the blocks and the fresh pasta. In other words, the composition according to the invention has the advantages of dispersible cereals and blocks, while eliminating their respective disadvantages.

As can be seen from the results of the comparative tests presented in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rodenticidal composition according to the invention, in the form of agglomerated cereals and / or seeds, is clearly more palatable than the existing baits in the form of blocks or fresh dough. However, the bait is all the more effective that it is consumed by rodents targeted.

Because of their solid appearance, rodenticide cereal bars according to the invention are hardly scattered by rodents: therefore, the risk of dissemination and involuntary intoxication are greatly limited.

In addition, the binding elements, such as wax or cocoa butter, make it possible on the one hand to maintain the cereals and / or the seeds together, to make it a non-dispersible bait, and on the other hand to make the composition according to the invention adapted to wet locations. Finally, because of its palatability and non-dispersible character, the rodenticidal composition according to the invention is particularly suitable for uses in the field of agri-food or domestic premises.

Claims

1. A solid rodenticidal composition characterized in that it is in the form of cereals and / or agglomerated seeds comprising:

between 2 and 25% relative to the total weight of the binder composition,

between 0 and 30% relative to the total weight of the vegetable or animal fat composition in solid form,

between 0.0005% and 6% relative to the total weight of the rodenticide poison composition.

2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the rodenticide poison is an anticoagulant selected from the group consisting of brodifacoum, bromadiolone and difenacoum, difethialone, coumatétalyl, flocoumafène, warfarin, warfarin sodium, cholorphacinone, preferably bromadiolone.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the rodenticidal poison is selected from hypnotics and hepatotoxic.

4. Composition according to one of the preceding claims wherein the rodenticide poison is not encapsulated.

5. Composition according to one of the preceding claims wherein the cereal in the form of seed or crushed cereal is selected from the group consisting of millet, oats, rice, corn, wheat, sunflower, sesame , flax, poppy, oat flake, and their combinations.

6. Composition according to one of the preceding claims wherein the at least one adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of preservatives, antioxidants, dyes, food flavors, appetizing agents, dried fruits and bittering agents.

7. The composition of claim 6 wherein the dry fruit is selected from dry grapes, dried apricot, dehydrated apple.

8. Composition according to one of the preceding claims wherein the binder is selected from a vegetable wax, cocoa butter, animal wax and mineral wax except paraffin.

10

9. Composition according to one of the preceding claims wherein the vegetable or animal fat is selected from tallow, lard, butter, palm oil and corn oil.

10. Composition according to one of the preceding claims comprising between 50% and 90% by weight of cereals and / or seeds, whole or crushed, preferably between 50% and 75% by weight and even more preferably between 60% and 75% by weight. % and 70% by weight.