EP2958129A1 - X-ray source - Google Patents
X-ray source Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2958129A1 EP2958129A1 EP15171460.7A EP15171460A EP2958129A1 EP 2958129 A1 EP2958129 A1 EP 2958129A1 EP 15171460 A EP15171460 A EP 15171460A EP 2958129 A1 EP2958129 A1 EP 2958129A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ray
- optical
- radiation
- anode
- source
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
- H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
- H01J35/112—Non-rotating anodes
- H01J35/116—Transmissive anodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/16—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
- H01J35/18—Windows
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/06—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction or reflection, e.g. monochromators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/08—Targets (anodes) and X-ray converters
- H01J2235/088—Laminated targets, e.g. plurality of emitting layers of unique or differing materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/18—Windows, e.g. for X-ray transmission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/16—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
- H01J35/18—Windows
- H01J35/186—Windows used as targets or X-ray converters
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to X-ray engineering, more specifically, to X-ray sources with optical indication of radiation, and can be used in various measuring devices for parameters control and visualization of structure of industrial and biological objects.
- X-ray sources with optical indication provide information about the presence of x-ray radiation and the location of the radiation beam, which allows to improve the accuracy of measurements, convenience of work and operation safety, An X-ray source comprising an anode irradiated by the electron beam and means for optical indication of X-ray radiation is known [1]. The said means of optical indication include fluorescent in the optical range foil located on the periphery of the divergent beam of radiation, and an optical waveguide providing the external output of optical radiation flux from the zone of X-ray irradiation. The disadvantage of the above-mentioned device is low informativity since the proposed arrangement provides only signals about the presence or absence of X-ray beam.
- Also known is an X-ray source [2] comprising an anode irradiated by electrons and generating the divergent flux of radiation, and means for optical indication of X-ray radiation including a radiolucent optical mirror located outside the window to exit the X-ray radiation, and a laser. The laser radiation reflected by the mirror allows to indicate the location of the X-ray beam axis on the object of control. The main disadvantage of this device is the errors of alignment of optical and X-ray beams directions, occurring due to accidental displacement of elements of the optical and X-ray arrangement or due to their thermal drift. Another disadvantage of this device is the impossibility to control the intensity and location of the X-ray focus during operation of the source.
- The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is the X-ray source described in [3]. The designated device comprises an anode irradiated by electrons and generating the divergent flux of radiation, an exit window for X-ray radiation, means for optical indication of X-ray radiation beam including a source of optical radiation and an optical mirror located behind the exit window of the X-ray source housing, coaxially arranged means of collimation and focusing of X-ray and optical radiation. The disadvantages of this device are as follows. The sources of optical and X-ray radiation and the trajectories of the optical and X-ray radiation coincide with the collimation system in the form of polycapillary and a mirror. When the axis of polycapillary deviates at a small angle from a predetermined direction, the X-ray beam passage through the collimation system can be disturbed. However, a small angular misalignment has little effect on the optical radiation passage through the said collimation system. Thus, the erroneous optical indication of the presence of the probing X-ray beam is possible, The intensity of optical radiation is determined mainly by brightness of an optical source and is independent of the energy and current of the electrons irradiating the anode of the source. It does not alow to control the intensity of X-ray radiation passed through the collimation system. In addition, with such arrangement of elements it is impossible to determine the position and size of the X-ray focus, that impedes the adjustment of the device.
- The object of the present invention is to improve the accuracy and informativity of optical indication of X-ray radiation parameters.
- This object is achieved in that in the X-ray source comprising the anode irradiated by electrons and generating the divergent radiation flux, an exit window for X-ray radiation, means of optical indication of the X-ray beam, including a source of optical radiation and an optical mirror located outside the exit window of the X-ray source, coaxially arranged means of collimation and focusing of X-ray and optical radiation, the anode is composite in the form of a thin film and an optically-transparent and radiolucent substrate luminescent in the optical range, with the substrate being the exit window of the X-ray source, and the optical mirror is located off-axis X-ray beam in the region of divergent radiation flux generated by the anode.
- This object is also achieved in that the radiolucent substrate is made of an optically activated synthetic diamond crystal.
- This object is also achieved in that the means of collimation and focusing of X-ray and optical radiation are made of radiolucent plastic material, such as polycarbonate.
- This object is also achieved in that the X-ray source further comprises means of visualization of the anode image reflected by the optical mirror.
- The chief matter of the proposed technical solution is as follows. The anode of the x-ray source is made composite in the form of a thin film and an optically-transparent and radiolucent substrate luminescent in the optical range. Upon irradiation of the said anode with a beam of electrons the optical and X-ray foci turn out to be spatially coincided. The luminescent substrate is optically transparent and is the exit window of the X-ray source. This provides the possibility of direct control by means of reflecting mirrors and video surveillance of the location and size of the X-ray focus and the intensity of X-ray radiation.
- The operation of the device is illustrated by
figures 1 ,2 .Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of an X-ray emitter,Fig. 2 shows the anode assembly of the X-ray emitter. - The X-ray emitter (see
Fig. 1 ) comprises ahousing 1 made of glass or ceramics, aunit 2 of focusing of electrons, ananode 3, acathode assembly 4,diaphragms 5, 6, aprotective housing 7, an exitoptical window 8, anoptical mirror 9, avideo camera 10 and aprotective screen 11. Thediaphragms 5, 6, theprotective housing 7 and thescreen 11 are made of absorbing X-ray radiation material, such as tantalum. Theunit 2 of focusing of electrons, theanode 3, thecathode assembly 4 are in vacuum. High voltage accelerating the electrons is applied between theanode 3 and thecathode assembly 4. The anode 3 (seeFig. 2 ) is composite in the form of a radiolucent substrate whose surface is coated with a layer of metal. The substrate is predominantly an optically transparent diamond plate with a thickness of about 300 µm, providing at radiation with energy of >10 keV, the transmittance factor T>80%. The thickness of the metal layer is chosen depending on the maximum energy of electrons Em. For example, at Em≈40 keV the thickness of the metal layer of molybdenum is chosen equal to 0.8-1 µm. - In more detail the design and principle of operation of the anode assembly are considered later.
- The device operates in the following way. The
cathode assembly 4 emits a flow of electrons. By means of a system of electrostatic lenses located atunit 2, theelectron beam 12 is formed, which focuses on the surface of theanode 3 in the spot size of 25-50 microns. In contact with the thin-film anode 3 a part of the high-energy electrons passes through themetal layer 15 and creates anexcitation area 17 located both in themetal layer 15 and thesubstrate 16. Thus, the metal layer generatesX-ray radiation 14, and the activated volume of the substrate generatesoptical radiation 13. When using a synthetic diamond as a substrate, optical activation providing a bright light in the optical range, is carried out by way of pre-irradiation of the substrate by electrons with energy of -1 MeV. - This scheme of generation provides spatial alignment of the foci of
X-ray radiation 14 andoptical radiation 13. Therefore, the trajectories of optical and X-ray beams passed through thediaphragms 5, 6 are also spatially coincided that allows to visualize the X-ray radiation and the irradiated region on the object of control. In this respect, the change of the electron current at a fixed accelerating voltage between theanode 3 and thecathode assembly 4 proportionally changes the light intensity of the source in the optical and x-ray ranges, allowing to determine the intensity of X-ray radiation. Control can be carried out visually or by registering the optical radiation flux reflected from theoptical mirror 9, by means of a photodetector orvideo camera 10 located opposite to the exitoptical window 8. Also, thevideo camera 10 provides additional control of the position and size of the X-ray focus. This allows to determine continuously the said parameters directly in the process of the source operation. During ajustment of the visualization system theprotective screen 11 is mounted in front of thediaphragm 6 opening. - An embodiment of the collimation system is shown in
Fig. 2 . Theoptical unit 17 containing radiolucentplastic lenses 18 is mounted along the path ofoptical beam 13 andX-ray beam 14. Theunit 17 is positioned in the center of thediaphragm 6, which ensures the coaxiality of the beams.Lenses 18 are made, for example, of polycarbonate which has high radiation resistance. The use of lenses allows to form a convergent optical beam, which creates a bright focal spot of small size on the surface of the object of control. This facilitates the use of the source during low power generation of radiation. Thus, during the source operation the possibility of erroneous indication of X-ray beam presence is excluded. -
- 1.
US patent No. 5,081,663 G01D 18/00 (1992). X-ray apparatus with beam indicator. - 2. Patent of Russia Nº
2106619 - 3.
US patent No. 7,023,954 B2 G01 N 23/223 (2006). Optical alignment of X-ray microanalyzers.
Claims (4)
- An X-ray source comprising an anode irradiated by electrons and generating the divergent flux of radiation, an exit window for X-ray radiation, means for optical indication of X-ray radiation beam including a source of optical radiation and an optical mirror located behind the exit window of the X-ray source housing, coaxially arranged means of collimation and focusing of X-ray and optical radiation, characterized in that the anode is made composite in the form of a thin film and a substrate transparent in the optical and X-ray ranges and luminescent in the optical range, with the substrate being the exit window of the X-ray source, and the optical mirror is located off-axis X-ray beam in the region of divergent radiation flux generated by the anode.
- The X-ray source according to claim 1 characterized in that the radiolucent substrate is made of an optically activated synthetic diamond crystal.
- The X-ray source according to claim 1 characterized in that the means of collimation and focusing of X-ray and optical radiation are made of radiolucent plastic material, such as polycarbonate.
- The X-ray source according to claim 1 characterized in that it further comprises means of visualization of the anode image reflected by the optical mirror.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2014124797/07A RU2567848C1 (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2014-06-18 | X-ray source |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2958129A1 true EP2958129A1 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
EP2958129B1 EP2958129B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
Family
ID=53396316
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15171460.7A Not-in-force EP2958129B1 (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2015-06-10 | X-ray source |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9653250B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2958129B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2567848C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2647487C1 (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-16 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Твинн" | Electronic sealed-off gun for electron stream discharge from the vacuum region of the gun to atmosphere or other gas medium |
RU2647489C1 (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-03-16 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Твинн" | Electronic unsoldered gun for electron flow and x-ray radiation discharge from vacuum region to atmosphere |
US10478133B2 (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2019-11-19 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for calibrating a nuclear medicine imaging system |
EP3603516A1 (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-05 | Siemens Healthcare GmbH | X-ray equipment and method for operating same |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4979199A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1990-12-18 | General Electric Company | Microfocus X-ray tube with optical spot size sensing means |
US5081663A (en) | 1989-10-16 | 1992-01-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | X-ray apparatus with beam indicator |
RU2106619C1 (en) | 1996-04-22 | 1998-03-10 | Войсковая часть 75360 | Laser centralizer for x-radiator |
US20040109536A1 (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-06-10 | Shefer Ruth E. | X-ray detector for feedback stabilization of an X-ray tube |
US7023954B2 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2006-04-04 | Jordan Valley Applied Radiation Ltd. | Optical alignment of X-ray microanalyzers |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5081063A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1992-01-14 | Harris Corporation | Method of making edge-connected integrated circuit structure |
US5475729A (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 1995-12-12 | Picker International, Inc. | X-ray reference channel and x-ray control circuit for ring tube CT scanners |
US20030063707A1 (en) * | 2001-10-01 | 2003-04-03 | Mulhollan Gregory Anthony | Compact multispectral X-ray source |
US7469040B2 (en) * | 2004-03-02 | 2008-12-23 | Comet Holding Ag | X-ray tube for high dose rates, method of generating high dose rates with X-ray tubes and a method of producing corresponding X-ray devices |
DE502006004913D1 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2009-11-05 | Brainlab Ag | Medical X-ray detection system with active optical signal generator |
US8406378B2 (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2013-03-26 | Gamc Biotech Development Co., Ltd. | Thick targets for transmission x-ray tubes |
-
2014
- 2014-06-18 RU RU2014124797/07A patent/RU2567848C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2015
- 2015-06-10 EP EP15171460.7A patent/EP2958129B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2015-06-17 US US14/741,709 patent/US9653250B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5081663A (en) | 1989-10-16 | 1992-01-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | X-ray apparatus with beam indicator |
US4979199A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1990-12-18 | General Electric Company | Microfocus X-ray tube with optical spot size sensing means |
RU2106619C1 (en) | 1996-04-22 | 1998-03-10 | Войсковая часть 75360 | Laser centralizer for x-radiator |
US20040109536A1 (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-06-10 | Shefer Ruth E. | X-ray detector for feedback stabilization of an X-ray tube |
US7023954B2 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2006-04-04 | Jordan Valley Applied Radiation Ltd. | Optical alignment of X-ray microanalyzers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2567848C1 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
EP2958129B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
US9653250B2 (en) | 2017-05-16 |
US20150371808A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
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