EP2956660A2 - Centrale d'accumulation d'énergie - Google Patents

Centrale d'accumulation d'énergie

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Publication number
EP2956660A2
EP2956660A2 EP13830203.9A EP13830203A EP2956660A2 EP 2956660 A2 EP2956660 A2 EP 2956660A2 EP 13830203 A EP13830203 A EP 13830203A EP 2956660 A2 EP2956660 A2 EP 2956660A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
storage
energy
pressure
energy storage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13830203.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Armin Dadgar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2956660A2 publication Critical patent/EP2956660A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
    • H02J15/006—Systems for storing electric energy in the form of pneumatic energy, e.g. compressed air energy storage [CAES]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • Pumped storage power plants are usually used for intermediate storage of electrical energy and take in view of the increasing importance of renewable energy sources, such as wind and sun, which produce discontinuous energy, an increasing importance to ensure a continuous power supply.
  • Pumped storage units are highly efficient to operate and can store a large amount of energy almost lossless with sufficient size and height difference. They are therefore ideally suited for short-term storage for buffering daily peak loads or of a few days of continuous operation at reduced power.
  • EP 2315934 mentions power stations which increase the water pressure by loading or, in DE 10201 1 106040.9, increase the stored amount of energy by means of a high gas pressure. Also, pure memory with weights so power plants are known as energy storage principles. All of these methods is mean that the stored
  • Energy quantity ie the energy density
  • a storage system is called with hydrogen gas, is collected in the subterranean, or underwater by electrolysis of sea water generated hydrogen and oxygen gas in containers and stands by means of an aboveground attached water tank under the pressure of the overloading water column.
  • energy is recovered from the hydrogen gas by means of a fuel cell from the memory and at the same time generated by the, during the pressure reduction in the gas reservoir flowing water by means of a turbine further energy. Disadvantage is dominated by this system high proportion of fuel cell in the power generation. This has a low efficiency.
  • Compressed gas storage to which an additional hydraulic gas pressure component is connected, a constant gas pressure is ensured.
  • gas expansion takes place via a gas turbine for energy.
  • the constancy of the gas pressure in the first compressed gas storage should improve the efficiency of the gas expansion over the turbine.
  • the constancy is achieved in that from the connected hydraulic accumulator, in which a liquid is under high gas pressure, the liquid is pressed into the first memory.
  • energy is recovered via a water turbine, similar to a pumped storage power plant.
  • the power generation systems are coupled, d. H. as in JP2009-174509 A, not operated separately and do not allow high efficiency of the overall system, since the gas expansion is usually very lossy.
  • the main goal is to increase capacity. However, that is
  • the object of the invention is to combine an efficient storage power plant for short-term storage in hours / day and with high efficiency of the storage cycles as a pumped storage power plant with the long-term storage of energy in the day / week range so cost-effective and with a high energy density a storage system available put.
  • a hydraulic energy storage consisting of a pumped storage unit with a liquid under a gas pressure above atmospheric pressure in a at least on the pressure side gas-tight system and b.
  • the generation of energy by relaxing the gas stored under pressure can be used.
  • such a combined system advantageously combines the high storage efficiencies of over 80% of pumped storage systems with the high energy density of combustible gases, which however can only be produced with a lower efficiency and then released again, so that at the end the efficiency is approximately 40% in the power generation plus Piozesswar stands.
  • this is an acceptable value for the usually rarely used long-term storage medium of the combustible gas, since it is weeks with coverage gaps conventional or
  • Regenerative power generation can bridge what is not possible by other storage at acceptable cost.
  • Advantageous compared to separate systems is the compactness and the absence of a separate storage for the gas itself.
  • the energy supply can be shared, which further reduces the installation and network connection costs.
  • the additional option of venting the flammable gas or air stored under pressure over the liquid as a third option allows the range of the power plant to be extended in the event of a short-term energy shortage without having to start burning the flammable gas.
  • particularly advantageous is the combination of claim 1 a.) And b.), Since this is the simplest and most cost-effective to implement in continuous operation.
  • the according to lc.) Possible gas expansion required in usually a heating of the gas to increase the efficiency to 60-70%, which increases the design effort of the power plant because of the necessary heat exchanger.
  • the flammable gas which is relaxed by additionally
  • the pumped storage power plant can be built by operating with a liquid which is under a high gas pressure, regardless of the topography of the site. So this is at ground level, underground, under water or in combinations thereof possible where the low-pressure region in which the liquid passes under energy can also be above the pressure vessel without affecting the overall efficiency negatively. However, this reduces the storage density which can be increased by an additional height difference.
  • water according to claim 2 but also salt water is well suited because salt water dissolves less gas which in turn must be collected in the pumped storage process.
  • the energy-carrying gas is preferred according to claim 3 hydrogen, since thus in contrast to z.
  • the energy in the gas can according to claim 5 by a classical combustion and the drive of a turbine with generator as electricity and heat or purely as heat to
  • the heat energy produced in the process can also be cached according to claim 7 in the liquid of the memory in the storage container or in low-pressure storage tank or container. Ideally, this should ensure sufficient thermal insulation of the memory. It must also be taken into account that the operating pressure in the accumulator increases when the gas is heated, which is not a problem in the case of storage which is almost emptied of the fluid and thus partly also of the gas. This heat from the conversion of the energy in the combustible gas can then be used later, but also without intermediate storage directly, according to claim 8, ideally for heating or for industrial processes.
  • the combustible gas can also be used in parallel with the pumped storage unit for generating energy. This significantly increases the maximum available peak power and only requires sufficient terminal capacity since the power generators are usually separate from the fluid and from the gas.
  • the energy converters for the liquid (eg water turbines or piston machines for liquids) and the gas (eg gas turbine, internal combustion engine, fuel cell) are generally incompatible, so that, in the case that no fuel cell is used for the gas, usually a greater effort requires these systems to interpret the common use of a generator.
  • An ideal possibility of installation or use is to combine the storage with wind power or photovoltaic systems in close proximity so as to pollute without overloading the network, to catch up in peak production times and high demand but low production of wind power and photovoltaic systems back into the grid feed. This is in addition to the list close customers of heat, especially the heat of combustion when using the long-term storage, the preferred site for such
  • the reservoirs are ideally embedded in the soil, since they are then, at least partially, thermally insulated or the insulation effort is low. Also completely underground storage, z. B. in stud systems are possible. When installed above ground, a thermal insulation of the container is advantageous to minimize pressure fluctuations due to changes in ambient temperature.
  • the pumped storage power plant has either a closed system in which the pressure vessel via a drive unit power is generated and the liquid is collected in a turn closed container.
  • the dissolved in the liquid gas is released during the relaxation, which is why the drive units must also be designed gas-tight and should have a return unit for the gas in the memory or a cache.
  • the gas loss is about 1.5% for a full storage cycle (air in water) but is dependent on the gas, the temperature and the liquid.
  • the energy content of such a power plant or storage is z. B. for the pumped storage at a storage tank volume of 10,000 m 3 , a maximum operating pressure of 100 bar and a reduction by the pumped storage operation to 40 bar, ie about 60% maximum water level or 6 000 m 3 of water about 10 MWh of usable energy.
  • the energy content of 4 000 m 3 of hydrogen at 100 bar, ie 4 000 000 m 3 of hydrogen under normal conditions, is 12 000 000 kWh or 12 GWh, of which approx. 60% can be converted directly into electricity.
  • the range of the long-term storage is about 700 times as long as that of the pumped storage tank and can accordingly supply electricity for a full load operation of 4 hours at the same power when the pump storage unit is designed for 4 hours.
  • the pumped storage can first be completely emptied, since the remaining pressure is usually sufficient to the combustible gas to the place of use such. B. to bring a fuel cell or a combustion turbine. Since such combined storage in a possible energy scenario with electricity from renewable sources are initially rather scarce, it makes sense for the gas storage operation to feed high power into the grid to better buffer a large-scale prolonged failure of renewable energy production due to doldrums and darkness. Accordingly, the available duration of the energy supply from the long-term storage or from the combustible gas is reduced as an energy source. For peak times with almost sufficient power production from renewable sources, however, ideally only the pumped storage is used.
  • the memory as defined in claim 1 as a three-stage system from the components a.) To c.) Can be realized in the emptied first with high efficiency pumped storage. The then still under pressure existing gas is then ideally relaxed adiabatically or isothermally and the stored energy used to generate electricity.
  • the isothermal expansion can be achieved by utilizing the energy stored in the liquid or a further heat accumulator with overall efficiencies of up to 70%.
  • part of the gas can be burned and provide the necessary heat energy.
  • the initial pressure for the gas expansion is about 80 bar which is a typical, very suitable value for a compressed gas storage operation. It is advantageous in the case of intended complete expansion of the gas in the pressure vessel to operate a part of the storage system with compressed air another with a combustible gas, in which case especially the latter, if the
  • Long-term storage must be used in the expansion for energy production before it is then burned or converted in a fuel cell by reaction to electricity. Similarly, if the long-term memory is not operated, it is extended Power generation through the adiabatic or isothermal relaxation available.
  • such an energy store ideally consists of a pump storage unit, a gas expansion unit with a heat exchanger and a gas power conversion unit via a fuel cell or gas turbine.
  • a non-combustible gas such as air can be worthwhile if the bottleneck is too long for the pumped storage alone, but too short to retrieve energy from the long-term storage and then again an energy surplus is expected.
  • Especially compressed air can be made available again quickly.
  • the generation of a significant pressure of the combustible gas takes longer, since for chemical energy storage usually large amounts of energy are necessary. Whether a three-stage expansion is worthwhile depends above all on the design of the components. D. H. the respective service life of the individual generators and the basic costs.
  • the pumped storage is most often operated, the long-term storage rather rare, but then it is irreplaceable. Therefore, the pumped storage / Gasentnapsshim is useful only for short-term bottlenecks that can not be bridged with the pumped storage.
  • the pressure release can also be used in the primary operation with gas combustion / fuel cell in order to utilize the energy contained in the gas as pressure or then as pressure difference.
  • the pumped storage system Since the generation of the combustible gas or gases takes a long time due to the high energy content, it is advantageous to equip the pumped storage system with at least two generators, ie turbines and generators, and a plurality of storage containers. Thus, excess flow can first conventionally be filled with compressed air, the pumped storage and then successively the combustible gas generated be admitted into selected containers, which are operated in a liquid and gas-separated system via a second turbine. To minimize the losses in this approach, it is advantageous to fill a storage tank to be filled with the combustible gas completely with the liquid and the non-combustible gas from this container accordingly in another container in which then less liquid to press.
  • Drawings 1-4 show different possible embodiments of the memory.
  • the number of storage tanks in a system may be larger to increase the amount of storage and optionally to fill the storage tanks not only with a combustible gas but also with such as with oxygen or air. They should be separated from the part of the system with combustible gas, ie via gas-separating containers, membranes, turbines and / or other possible technical measures to prevent gas mixing.
  • air as compressed gas eliminates the need for parts 106, 206, 216, 306 and 406, which symbolize the energy generator with the gas, ie z.
  • a simple heat exchanger is based on the liquid through the gas to initiate, so something distributed or atomized to lead into the container to absorb the heat of compression and spray in the reverse case by an additional pump in the container.
  • this is not easily possible when using membranes between gas and liquid.
  • heat exchangers z. B. in the form of pipelines between the heat reservoir and gas to transport the heat energy possible. In general, at very slow loading. and discharge of the pumped storage no strong warming or cooling of the gas take place, since then the heat between the reservoir and gas z. B. is replaced by convection.
  • Drawing la presents possible embodiments. So here are two adjacent memory H ( with pressure Pi 101 and H 3 with pressure P 2 to see 102, which means a pipe 103 and a unit for generating power or for pumping 104 are connected to each other. In addition, a control valve can be installed in this unit, but this is also possible elsewhere on the line 103.
  • the container 101 is closed, the container 102 with a line and a compression unit 105 designed to pump dissolved in the liquid gas back into the pressure vessel.
  • 106 is the Verstrom- ungsaku for the gas, which is ideally mounted on the high pressure side, but also a pure heat generation unit z. B. for industrial processes or heating can be. This applies to all examples mentioned here.
  • Drawing 1b is analogous to an embodiment with two containers 101 and 102 underground.
  • Drawing 2a shows a possibility of superimposed arrangement.
  • the pressure vessel Hi is arranged with pressure P 2 201 above the container H 3 with pressure P 2 202, wherein via one or more elements 204 energy is obtained from the pressure work of the water or stored in Hi.
  • Analog can be obtained with 206 energy from the gas, 205 is used for the return of the gas stored in the liquid.
  • FIG. 2b Another very compact embodiment is the structure of the memory around each other as shown in drawing 2b.
  • z. B. placed around the memory Hi with pressure Pi 211 a second shell 212 as a memory H 3 with pressure P 2 at a greater distance and the liquid between inner and outer space via one or more elements 214 pumped back and forth.
  • 215 is the recirculation unit for the gas which has entered the outer jacket with the liquid as dissolved gas, 216 the gas power conversion unit.
  • the excess gas can be collected on the low pressure side in flexible storage, so balloon-like storage or always be exuded directly, so in parallel with the electricity from the liquid some gas z. B. burned or converted into electricity and / or heat in a fuel cell, which increases the performance of the storage power plant.
  • the inner sphere is designed with a radius of about 20 m, the outer with a radius of about 25 m to achieve the same volume or a liquid sufficient volume in the outer container. All in all, this allows a compact installation and the inner, high-pressure reservoir is better protected against damage from the outside.
  • the memory Hi with pressure Pi is a pure gas storage, supplemented by one Liquid storage H 2 with pressure Pi 301, the z. B. via a line 303 and one or more energy producers or storage elements, the liquid flow to another memory H 3 with pressure P 2 or pump.
  • 306 is the power generation unit of gas and 305 is the pump unit for recycling the gas dissolved in the fluid.
  • An analogous embodiment is designed in drawing 3b, but here with an open natural memory in the form of a lake 307.
  • the dissolved gas in the liquid is collected directly after the turbine and returned to the memory.
  • the advantage of a closed system is the prevention of contamination of the water, eg. B. by aquatic plants, branches or other occurring in natural waters objects.
  • both containers can in principle be shaped differently as shown in drawing 4. Especially in underground storage, the shape is virtually arbitrary as long as the system is sealed to the outside. In addition, the operation of the closed system is briefly explained in this drawing when the gas recirculation unit is not active. So can
  • Container or accumulator Hi 401 have a high pressure Pi (eg 100 bar) and container H 3 402 has a low P 2 (eg 1 bar).
  • the pressure in vessel Hi drops (eg, to about 50 bar) and rises in vessel H 3 (eg, to about 2 bar).
  • the gas can always be separated by an elastic membrane or a balloon or balloon-like container of the liquid to z. B. the diffusion of gas into the liquid and thus to minimize pressure losses. Then the units 105, 205, 305, 315 and 405 are much smaller interpretable or dispensable.
  • a compression unit for gas must also be added in all versions in order to pump either air or the combustible gas into the tanks. Since this is possible in many different versions (use of units 105, 205, 305, 315 and 405 or additional pumps on the gas train, on the liquid line, gas compression with the pumping of water by blowing a gas, etc.) was here in detail on this unit is omitted in the drawings.
  • the reservoirs can be realized underground, above ground, in or partly in a body of water or even partly under ground.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

Les centrales d'accumulation d'énergie, notamment d'énergie électrique, nécessitent aujourd'hui soit un très grand volume pour un rendement faible, par exemple dans le cas des accumulateurs de pression à base de gaz et des accumulateurs hydrauliques, soit des technologies coûteuses, par exemple dans le cas des bancs de batterie. Dans les technologies d'accumulation de courant, les rendements et les capacités d'accumulation, entre autres, sont très variables. Ainsi, les centrales d'accumulation par pompage présentant des rendements supérieurs à 80 % sont considérées comme étant très efficaces et présentent des capacités d'accumulation pouvant atteindre jusqu'à environ 10 GWh, mais leur capacité d'accumulation est plutôt limitée par rapport aux accumulateurs à gaz combustibles qui présentent des rendements faibles, de l'ordre de 40 %. Elles sont par conséquent appropriées uniquement pour la compensation, durant quelques heures, de fluctuations de l'offre et de la demande. Pour une proportion élevée des sources d'énergie renouvelables dans l'alimentation en énergie électrique, il est cependant nécessaire de disposer également d'accumulateurs présentant des capacités pouvant compenser des goulets d'étranglement de production pendant plusieurs jours ou plusieurs semaines. L'invention combine de manière avantageuse un accumulateur efficace fonctionnant selon le principe de l'accumulation par pompage pour la compensation, pendant plusieurs heures, de goulets d'étranglement énergétiques et un accumulateur de longue durée, sans volume supplémentaire pour l'accumulateur de longue durée, nécessaire lorsqu'il est installé séparément. Cette combinaison installée en un seul et même lieu permet de créer idéalement une centrale non seulement efficace mais équipée également pour faire face à des goulets d'étranglement de production de longue durée.
EP13830203.9A 2012-11-24 2013-11-19 Centrale d'accumulation d'énergie Withdrawn EP2956660A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012023539.9A DE102012023539A1 (de) 2012-11-24 2012-11-24 Energiespeicherkraftwerk
PCT/DE2013/000699 WO2014079410A2 (fr) 2012-11-24 2013-11-19 Centrale d'accumulation d'énergie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2956660A2 true EP2956660A2 (fr) 2015-12-23

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EP13830203.9A Withdrawn EP2956660A2 (fr) 2012-11-24 2013-11-19 Centrale d'accumulation d'énergie

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2956660A2 (fr)
DE (2) DE102012023539A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014079410A2 (fr)

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CN109952428B (zh) * 2016-10-10 2021-05-11 耶修亚·梅斯金格 一种液压-气动的能量储存及回收系统
DE102017102855B4 (de) 2017-02-13 2024-07-11 Norbert Hoffmann System zur Energieversorgung eines Gebäudes, Feststoffwärmespeicher und Verwendung einer Brennstoffzellenanordnung
DE202017007549U1 (de) 2017-02-13 2022-08-11 Norbert Hoffmann System zur Energieversorgung eines Gebäudes und Feststoffwärmespeicher
GB201913299D0 (en) 2019-09-14 2019-10-30 Simpson Michael Constant pressure gas storage in containments with mitigation for gas dissolution problems
CN111963412B (zh) * 2020-08-26 2022-06-24 华北电力大学 一种可逆型多级双链路交错等温气体压缩系统
CN114198242A (zh) * 2021-12-06 2022-03-18 西安交通大学 一种利用弹簧弹性势能的抽水蓄能系统及方法
CN114753896B (zh) * 2022-04-12 2023-04-14 西安交通大学 一种基于空气储能的电氢碳联产系统及方法
DE102022113552A1 (de) * 2022-05-30 2023-11-30 Man Energy Solutions Se Speichersystem zur Zwischenspeicherung elektrischer Energie und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Speichersystems

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE112013005655A5 (de) 2015-08-06
WO2014079410A3 (fr) 2014-07-17
DE102012023539A1 (de) 2014-05-28
WO2014079410A2 (fr) 2014-05-30

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