EP2954311A1 - Cellule photo-acoustique a precision de detection amelioree et analyseur de gaz comprenant une telle cellule - Google Patents
Cellule photo-acoustique a precision de detection amelioree et analyseur de gaz comprenant une telle celluleInfo
- Publication number
- EP2954311A1 EP2954311A1 EP14707340.7A EP14707340A EP2954311A1 EP 2954311 A1 EP2954311 A1 EP 2954311A1 EP 14707340 A EP14707340 A EP 14707340A EP 2954311 A1 EP2954311 A1 EP 2954311A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- resonator
- mirror
- optical axis
- acoustic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005534 acoustic noise Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2418—Probes using optoacoustic interaction with the material, e.g. laser radiation, photoacoustics
- G01N29/2425—Probes using optoacoustic interaction with the material, e.g. laser radiation, photoacoustics optoacoustic fluid cells therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
- G01N2021/1704—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids in gases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/031—Multipass arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/021—Gases
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photo-acoustic cell, that is to say an apparatus arranged to generate an acoustic signal from light (typically from a laser beam), and to detect this acoustic signal.
- It also relates to a device comprising a photoacoustic cell according to the invention.
- the field of the invention is more particularly that of gas analyzers comprising a photoacoustic cell according to the invention.
- Infrared spectroscopy is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by a molecule. It is one of the most effective methods for identifying organic and inorganic molecules from their vibrational properties. In particular, most of the polluting gases in buildings have at least one main absorption peak in the wavelength range between 3.2 and 3.8 ⁇ m. These molecules have, in fact, at least one C-H bond whose absorption peaks are in this area.
- Photo-acoustic cells are known according to the state of the art.
- a pulsed laser beam is sent at a certain wavelength (its "color") and at a certain frequency (determining the number of pulses per second) inside. of a resonator of the cell.
- the wavelength is determined as a function of a gas or compound which is to be checked whether it is present in the cell or not, and is chosen to be a wavelength absorbed by the gas or compound in question. If the gas or compound is present in the cell and therefore in the resonator, it absorbs laser energy and emits back a wave acoustic sound that is detected by a microphone. If the gas or compound is absent, there is no acoustic wave and therefore no signal detected.
- the modulation frequency of the laser source and the resonance frequency of the resonator are preferably (but not necessarily) adapted in such a way that at this frequency the signal is acoustically amplified (it is called a quality factor quantifying the factor non-resonance amplification and resonance).
- the laser beam is reflected within the cell between two mirrors.
- One of the two mirrors called the entrance mirror, includes a hole to initially enter the laser beam.
- this entry hole is, for example, off-center with respect to the center of the entrance mirror: thus, the laser beam returns off-center with respect to this input mirror, and at each these reflections on the input mirror the position of the laser beam is shifted along an ellipse that passes through the inlet hole and is centered on the input mirror, so that after a certain number of reflections the Laser beam emerges from the cell through the inlet hole after circling this ellipse.
- identical acoustic buffers are arranged at both ends of the resonator between the resonator and each of the mirrors.
- the object of the present invention is to improve the detection accuracy of a photoacoustic cell. Presentation of the invention
- photo-acoustic cell comprising:
- an acoustic resonator comprising a tube-shaped resonator cavity extending in a longitudinal direction, said resonator further comprising a resonator transducer disposed along an inner surface of the tube of the resonator cavity;
- each of the entrance and bottom mirrors comprising a reflecting face facing the resonator, the entrance mirror being provided with an input window arranged to let into the cell a light beam (preferably a beam laser),
- a light beam preferably a beam laser
- a cavity extending in the longitudinal direction forming a bottom acoustic buffer.
- the optical axis of the cell can be defined so that the reflecting face of each of the input mirror and the background mirror has a concave shape whose apex is a point of the optical axis, preferably a concave shape of symmetry of revolution around the optical axis.
- a geometric projection of the entrance window in the longitudinal direction may pass through the resonator cavity (i.e. be in intersection with the resonator cavity or pass within the resonator cavity).
- the lengths of the acoustic input and bottom buffers, measured in the longitudinal direction along the optical axis of the cell, are preferably asymmetrical.
- the length of the input acoustic buffer is preferably greater than the length of the background acoustic buffer.
- the length of an acoustic pads can be equal to ⁇ ⁇ in +
- 10% of error preferably to 7% of error
- the length of the other acoustic buffer can be equal to - to 10% of error (from preferably to 7% error), "being an odd natural integer greater than or equal to 1.
- n is preferably an odd natural integer less than or equal to 5, n is preferably even equal to 1.
- the input mirror and the background mirror are preferably arranged to reflect, several times and successively one after the other, a light beam entering the cell to through the input window in the longitudinal direction being centered on the optical axis of the cell, so that after each reflection on each of these mirrors the reflected light beam remains centered on the optical axis of the cell for minus five reflections on the background mirror after entering through the entrance window.
- the reflecting face of each of the input mirror and the background mirror may have a concave shape of revolution symmetry around the optical axis.
- the input mirror and the background mirror are preferably arranged to reflect, several times and successively one after the other, a light beam penetrating into the cell through the input window in the longitudinal direction while being centered. on the optical axis of the cell, so that after each reflection on each of these mirrors the light beam has, inside the resonator cavity, a diameter, measured perpendicularly to the optical axis of the cell, less than the diameter of the tube of the resonator cavity for at least five reflections on the background mirror after entering through the entrance window.
- the cell according to the invention is preferably arranged so that as and when reflections on the entrance and bottom mirrors, the focus point of the light beam moves along the optical axis of the cell to at least five reflections on the background mirror after entering through the entrance window.
- the optical axis of the tube of the resonator cavity preferably passes through the entrance window.
- the resonator may include a second tube-shaped cavity extending in the longitudinal direction, said resonator further comprising a transducer disposed along an inner surface of the second cavity tube.
- a geometric projection of the entrance window in the longitudinal direction preferably does not pass through the second cavity.
- a device comprising a photoacoustic cell according to the invention, and a light source (preferably a laser source) arranged to emit a light beam (preferably a laser beam) oriented to pass through the entrance window.
- a light source preferably a laser source
- a light beam preferably a laser beam
- the light source can be arranged to emit the light beam so that it enters the cell through the input window in the longitudinal direction by being centered on the optical axis of the cell.
- a gas analyzer comprising a device according to the invention, and further comprising electronic means arranged for:
- FIG. 1 is a perspective sectional view of a photoacoustic cell according to the invention, which is the preferred embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a sectional and diagrammatic sectional view of the cell of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a sectional and diagrammatic sectional view of the cell of FIG. 1, in which three trips of the laser beam in the cell according to the invention are also represented,
- FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional side view of the cell of FIG. 1, in which a large number of back and forth laser beams are represented in the cell according to the invention, and
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a gas analyzer according to the invention.
- variants of the invention comprising only a selection of the characteristics described subsequently isolated from the other characteristics described (even if this selection is isolated within a sentence comprising these other characteristics), if this selection of characteristics is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art.
- This selection comprises at least one preferably functional feature without structural details, and / or only a portion of the structural details if this part alone is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art .
- the photoacoustic cell 1 according to the invention comprises an acoustic resonator 2.
- This resonator 2 comprises a tube-shaped resonator cavity 3 extending in a longitudinal direction 4 and centered on a central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity 3.
- the tube shape of the cavity 3 has a length ⁇ / 2 (referenced 53 in the figures) of 42.4 mm and an internal diameter 52 of 6 mm, for a resonance frequency around 3.8 kHz.
- the resonator is made of aluminum.
- the resonator 2 further comprises a transducer 6 (typically considered to be a microphone thereafter) resonator disposed along an inner surface 7 of the tube of the resonator cavity 3.
- the transducer 6 is arranged to transform a sound wave into an electrical signal.
- an electro-acoustic transducer 6 can be used as a Knowles EK 3024 reference microphone.
- the cell 1 comprises an input mirror 8 provided with an input window 9 arranged to let in the cell 1 a laser beam 15.
- the input window 9 is typically a hole or a blade of transparent material, c That is to say, the light beam 15 passes through.
- the input window 9 is preferably a circular hole, typically of diameter 0.5 mm, located in the center of the concave mirror 8.
- the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity 3 passes through the input window 9.
- Cell 1 comprises a bottom mirror 10.
- the mirrors 8 and 10 are both aligned with the resonator 2 along an optical axis 5 of the cell parallel to the longitudinal direction 4, so that the optical axis 5 of the cell (or the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity) intersects (or crosses) the bottom mirror 10 and passes through the input window 9 of the input mirror.
- This optical axis 5 of the cell is defined so that the reflecting face of each of the input mirror and the background mirror has a concave shape whose apex is a point of the optical axis 5, and even more specifically a concave form of symmetry of revolution around the optical axis 5.
- the optical axis 5 coincides with the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity.
- Each of the input 8 and bottom 10 mirrors is preferably a CaF 2 mirror, one face of which is covered with gold.
- Each of the input and bottom mirrors 10 comprises a reflecting face 11, 12 oriented towards the resonator 2 (ie facing the inside of the cell 1); this reflective face is the face covered with gold.
- the radius of curvature of the mirror 8 is 100 mm and that of the mirror 10 is 75 mm.
- the mirrors 8, 10 are schematized by planes. In Figure 1, the mirrors 8, 10 are not illustrated so as not to overload this figure.
- the cell 1 comprises, between the input mirror 8 and the resonator 2, a cavity 13 extending in the longitudinal direction 4 and forming an acoustic input buffer 13.
- the widths or the diameter 73, 83 of the buffer of FIG. 13, measured in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis 5 (or the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity), are greater (preferably at least twice or three times greater) than the width or diameter 52 , measured in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis 5 (or to the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity), of the tube of the resonator cavity 3.
- the input pad 13 has a rectangular section of the widths 73, 83, 16 mm by 24 mm, and the diameter 52 is equal to 6 mm.
- the peripheries of the buffer 13 are made of aluminum
- the cell 1 comprises, between the bottom mirror 10 and the resonator 2, a cavity 14 extending in the longitudinal direction 4 and forming a bottom acoustic buffer 14.
- the widths or the diameter 74, 84 of the output buffer 14, measured in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis 5 (or the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity), are greater (preferably at least twice or three times greater) than the widths or the diameter 52 measured in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis 5 (or the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity), the tube of the cavity 3 of the resonator.
- the output buffer 14 has a rectangular section of 74, 84 mm by 24 mm, and the diameter 52 is equal to 6 mm.
- the periphery of the buffer 14 are aluminum.
- the lengths 63, 64 of the input and bottom acoustic buffers 14, measured in the longitudinal direction along the optical axis 5 of the cell (or the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity) as illustrated. in FIG. 3, are asymmetrical, that is to say different, so that sounds generated by reflections of the laser beam 15 on the mirrors 8 and 10 arrive in phase opposition in the cavity 3 of the resonator, preferably At the microphone level 6.
- the asymmetry of the buffers 13, 14 makes it possible to reduce the background noise generated at the mirrors 8, 10. This therefore improves the signal to background ratio (RSF).
- one of the two buffers (preferably the input buffer 13) has a length of at least 36% (preferably at least 60% and ideally at least 190%) greater than the length of the other buffer ( preferably the bottom pad 14).
- the length of one of the acoustic buffers (preferably the length 63 of the acoustic input buffer
- n is an odd natural integer greater than or equal to 1.
- the length 63 of the acoustic input buffer 13 is greater than the length 64 of the acoustic background buffer 14.
- n 5
- one of the two buffers is about 40% longer than the length of the other buffer (preferably the bottom buffer 14).
- one of the two buffers (preferably the input buffer 13) is about 66% longer than the length of the other buffer (preferably the bottom buffer 14).
- one of the two buffers (preferably the input buffer 13) has a length of about 200% greater than the length of the other buffer (preferably the bottom buffer 14).
- the case where "is equal to 1 is a very clearly preferential case, because it allows a more compact cell and allows a better quality of the cell.
- the background noise generated by the windows is zero at the microphone.
- the asymmetry of the buffers 13, 14 makes it possible to substantially reduce the noise generated by the mirrors.
- the asymmetric design respects the acoustic noise reduction conditions of the prior art. But in the present case, not only the acoustic noise from the buffers is transmitted in a reduced way to the resonator but in addition, the transmitted part (for the mirror noise) is even more reduced at the level of the microphone 6 by the phase opposition .
- the input mirror 8 and the base mirror 10 are arranged to reflect, several times and successively one after the other, a laser beam 15 penetrating into the cell through the window of FIG. input 9 in the longitudinal direction 4 being centered on the optical axis 5 (or on the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity), so that after each reflection on each of these mirrors 8, 10 the laser beam reflected remains centered on the optical axis 5 (or on the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity) for at least five (preferably at least ten or at least twelve) reflections on the background mirror 10 after its entry to through the input window 9 (ie at least ten, preferably at least twenty or twenty-four beam passes through the cavity 3), without touching the inner surfaces 7 of the tube of the resonator cavity 3.
- the input window 9 is aligned with the optical axis 5 defined by the mirrors 8, 10 of the cavity.
- the curvature of the mirrors 8, 10 makes it possible to longitudinally offset the focusing points of the reflections of the beam 15 along the optical axis 5, this which has the effect of keeping a maximum of energy in the cell 1.
- the diameter 65 of the bundle 15 inside the tube of the cavity 3 is always smaller than the diameter of the tube 52 of the cavity 3, for at least five (preferably at least ten or at least twelve) reflections on the background mirror. 10 after entering through the input window 9.
- the concave shape of the mirrors 8, 10 makes it possible to considerably increase the size (diameter) of the laser beam 15 as soon as it is first reflected on the bottom mirror 10 and to maintain this magnification as and when its reflections on the mirrors 8, 10 for at least five (preferably at least ten or at least twelve) reflections on the input mirror 8 after its entry through the input window 9 (typically, at each of these reflections of the beam 15 on the input mirror 8, the surface of the beam 15 on the reflecting surface 11 of the input mirror 8 is at least 1.5 times the area of the hole of the input window 9 on the reflecting surface 11 of the mirror input 8).
- the laser beam 15 is trapped between the two mirrors 8, the number of passages of the beam 15 is increased and the optical average power is thus increased in the resonator 2.
- This is called a multi-pass photoacoustic cell.
- the signal-to-noise ratio is thus increased.
- the reflecting face 11, 12 of each of the input mirror 8 and the bottom mirror 10 preferably has a concave shape of revolution symmetry around the optical axis 5 (or the central axis of the cavity tube resonator).
- This shape has the following characteristics and dimensions: the radius of curvature of the mirror 8 is 10 cm and the radius of curvature of the mirror 10 is 7.5 cm.
- the input mirror 8 and the bottom mirror 10 are arranged to reflect, several times and successively one after the other, the laser beam 15 penetrating into the cell 1 through the input window 9 according to the longitudinal direction 4 being centered on the optical axis 5 (or on the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity), so that after each reflection on each of these mirrors the reflected laser beam has inside of the cavity 3 a maximum diameter 65, measured perpendicularly to the optical axis 5 (or to the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity), less than the diameter 52 of the tube of the cavity 3 for at least five (preferably at least ten or at least twelve) reflections on the background mirror after it enters through the input window 9.
- the focal point of the laser beam 15 moves along the optical axis 5 (or the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity) for at least five (preferably at least ten or at least twelve) reflections on the background mirror after entering through the entrance window.
- the optical axis 5 of the cell (or the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity 3) passes through the entry window 9, more exactly through the center of the entry window 9.
- the resonator 2 further comprises a second tube-shaped cavity 16 (called “differential") extending in the longitudinal direction 4, said resonator 2 further comprising a transducer 17 (typically considered to be a microphone thereafter) disposed along an inner surface of the tube of the second cavity 16.
- the transducer 17 is arranged to transform a sound wave into an electrical signal.
- a geometric projection of the inlet window 9 in the longitudinal direction 4 passes through the cavity 3 of the resonator.
- a geometric projection of the inlet window 9 in the longitudinal direction 4 does not pass through the second cavity.
- the cell is arranged so that the laser beam 15 penetrating into the cell 1 (through the inlet window 9 in the longitudinal direction 4 being centered on the optical axis 5 (or on the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity) does not pass into the second cavity 16.
- a device 18 comprising a photoacoustic cell 1 as described with reference to the preceding figures, and a laser source 19 arranged to emit the laser beam 15, will now be described, so that this laser beam 15 is oriented to pass through the input window 9.
- the laser source 19 is arranged (ie optically aligned with the cell 1) to emit the laser beam 15 so that it enters the cell 1 through the input window 9 in the longitudinal direction 4 while being centered on the optical axis 5 (on the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity).
- the laser source 19 typically comprises a pump laser 20 (Brand: Innolight Model mephisto Q) arranged to emit a laser beam of wavelength ⁇ init (typically equal to 1.064 ⁇ m) at a repetition frequency f typically between 2 and 5 kHz.
- the pump laser 20 is arranged to pump an optical parametric oscillator 21 (Boyd, "Nonlinear Optics", 3rd Edition, Chapter 2.9, ISBN-10: 0123694701, ISBN-13: 978-0123694706, 2008).
- the optical parametric oscillator 21 generates two superimposed beams of respective wavelengths ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 and adjustable thanks to the optical parametric oscillator (not to be confused with the length ⁇ / 2 of the cavity 3).
- the respective wavelength beam Ai is eliminated through a dichroic mirror 22. To adjust the optical alignment of the wavelength laser beam ⁇ 2 with respect to the cell 1, the angular and transverse position of the mirror is adjusted. dichroic 22 and a mirror 23.
- the wavelength ⁇ 2 of the laser beam 15 (its "color") is adjustable thanks to the parametric oscillator 21 between 3.2 and 3.8 ⁇ m, and is adjusted according to a gas or desired compound which is seeks to verify if it is present or not in the cell 1.
- ⁇ 2 is chosen to be a wavelength absorbed by the gas or compound in question.
- the spectral range of 3.2 - 3.8 ⁇ m generally corresponds to the absorption wavelengths of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
- this gas or desired compound If this gas or desired compound is present in the cell 1 and thus in the resonator 2, it absorbs energy from the laser beam 15 and in return transmits an acoustic wave which is detected by the microphone 6 which generates an electrical signal (Bell AG, "The production of sound by radiant energy", Science, os-2 - 49, 242-253, (1881)). If this gas or desired compound is absent, there is no acoustic wave and therefore no signal detected.
- the laser source For a length of the tube of the resonator cavity 3, measured in the longitudinal direction 4 along the optical axis 5 (or the central axis of the tube of the resonator cavity), and equal to ⁇ / 2, the laser source
- the frequency f of the source and the resonance frequency of the resonator 2 are adapted so that at this frequency f, the detected signal is acoustically amplified with respect to the noise.
- the gas analyzer 24 comprises the device 18, and furthermore comprises electronic and / or computer means 25 arranged for:
- the detected signal comes from the two microphones 6, 17 and consists of a differential signal.
- the cell 1 is a differential cell (see “Photoacoustic Techniques for Trace Gas Sensing Based on Semiconductor Laser Sources” Angela Elia, Mario Pietro Lugarà, Cinzia Di Franco and Vincenzo Spagnolo, Sensors 2009, 9, 9616-9628; “Application of acoustic resonators in photoacoustic trace gas analysis and metrology” Andras Miklos, Peter Hess, Zoltan Bozoki, Review of scientific instruments, volume 72, number 4, April 2001), with two cavities 3, 16 and two microphones 6, 17, making it possible to overcome the ambient acoustic noise and to limit the noise of the mirrors 8, 10.
- the laser beam 15 passes through the cavity 3 after each reflection on the mirror 8 or 10 but never passes through the cavity 16.
- the microphone 6 thus detects a "real" signal and the microphone 17 therefore does not detect only noise.
- the difference of the signals of the two microphones 6, 17 (produced electrically by an analog amplifier) thus makes it possible to subtract the non-generated signals by the optical absorption of the gas molecules inside the single resonator 2 traversed by the beam 15.
- the noise generated by the mirrors 8, 10 as well as the external acoustic noise are thus substantially reduced, which makes it possible to increase the signal-to-ground ratio (RSF) and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
- RSS signal-to-ground ratio
- SNR signal-to-noise ratio
- the laser beam 15 is generalizable to any focusable light beam, such as for example a beam of light from a light emitting diode (LED) power.
- LED light emitting diode
- the tube of the cavity 3 may have a section other than circular (for example rectangular or other).
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1351082A FR3002040B1 (fr) | 2013-02-08 | 2013-02-08 | Cellule photo-acoustique a precision de detection amelioree et analyseur de gaz comprenant une telle cellule |
PCT/EP2014/052171 WO2014122135A1 (fr) | 2013-02-08 | 2014-02-04 | Cellule photo-acoustique a precision de detection amelioree et analyseur de gaz comprenant une telle cellule |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2954311A1 true EP2954311A1 (fr) | 2015-12-16 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP14707340.7A Withdrawn EP2954311A1 (fr) | 2013-02-08 | 2014-02-04 | Cellule photo-acoustique a precision de detection amelioree et analyseur de gaz comprenant une telle cellule |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2954311A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3002040B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2014122135A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108872087A (zh) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-23 | 昆山和智电气设备有限公司 | 一种声压信号通道结构 |
CN109374529B (zh) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-04-28 | 大连理工大学 | 一种半开腔共振式光声池 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7069769B2 (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2006-07-04 | Academia Sinica | Ultraviolet photoacoustic ozone detection |
US7263871B2 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2007-09-04 | Finesse Solutions Llc. | System and method for gas analysis using doubly resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy |
US20090249861A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2009-10-08 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Stable photo acoustic trace gas detector with optical power enhancement cavity |
US20120118042A1 (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2012-05-17 | Gillis Keith A | Photoacoustic Spectrometer with Calculable Cell Constant for Quantitative Absorption Measurements of Pure Gases, Gaseous Mixtures, and Aerosols |
-
2013
- 2013-02-08 FR FR1351082A patent/FR3002040B1/fr active Active
-
2014
- 2014-02-04 EP EP14707340.7A patent/EP2954311A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-02-04 WO PCT/EP2014/052171 patent/WO2014122135A1/fr active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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See references of WO2014122135A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3002040A1 (fr) | 2014-08-15 |
FR3002040B1 (fr) | 2017-08-25 |
WO2014122135A1 (fr) | 2014-08-14 |
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