EP2934855A1

EP2934855A1 - Clip/transport unit

Info

Publication number: EP2934855A1
Application number: EP13798940.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ludwig Eckart; Michael Baumeister; Anthimos Giapoulis; Markus Unterreiner; Tobias HÄUSL; Emmerich Kulinyak
Original assignee: Brueckner Maschinenbau GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Brueckner Maschinenbau GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2012-12-20
Filing date: 2013-11-28
Publication date: 2015-10-28
Also published as: DE102012025486A1; US20160185032A1; CN104870168A; WO2014094967A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an improved clip/transport unit, characterized by the following features, among others: the clip/transport unit (KT) is divided into a clip part (6) and a transport part (7), the clip/transport unit (KT) has a volume or weight fraction of at least 25% composed of one or more composite materials.

Description

Clips transporting unit

The invention relates to a clip-transport unit according to the preamble of claim 1. stretching systems find particular in the plastic film production application. Known are so-called simultaneous stretching machines, in which a plastic film can be stretched simultaneously in the transverse and longitudinal directions. Also known are sequential stretching machines in which a plastic film is stretched in two successive stages, for example first in the longitudinal direction and then in the transverse direction (or vice versa).

A previously known transverse stretching or transverse stretching stage within a stretching installation has become known, for example, from US Pat. No. 5,797,172. In accordance with this prior publication, a material web to be stretched, as a rule a plastic film, is grasped by means of clips which are fastened to chains and which can be moved on circumferential guideways on both sides of the material web to be stretched are arranged. The clips are successively from an inlet zone (in which the edge is detected, for example, a plastic film to be stretched) via a stretching zone (in which the opposite clips on the guide rail sections with a transverse component divergent to the transport direction are moved away from each other) to an outlet zone and then on a Return way back to the inlet zone process, the film in the outlet zone, for example, a final relaxation and / or post-heat treatment can be subjected.

The clips consist of a so-called clip-transport unit, which on the one hand the actual clip part and on the other hand, the so-called transport part, ie the clip device and the transport device comprises. In the prior art according to US Pat. No. 5,797,172 A, the so-called transport part is ultimately a chain part, since the clips for the illustrated transverse stretching device are connected to one another via corresponding chain links.

According to this prior art, the clip transport unit is supported via sliding elements on two opposite sides of a guide rail on the one hand and on a mounting rail provided below the guide rail on the other hand in addition to the other.

Instead of such sliding elements, however, it is equally possible to use roller elements in order to be able to move the clip transport unit, for example, supported on a guide rail and a weight rail. This is known for example from DE 39 28 454 AI. Here, a guide rail in the form of a so-called monorail is described, which has a rectangular cross-section. The clip transport unit is supported on wheels running on the upper side as well as on the underside and on the two vertical sides offset in the horizontal direction, so-called rollers, by means of which the clip transport unit can be moved along this guide rail. Such a clip transport unit is also particularly suitable for a stretching frame, ie a transverse stretching system.

In addition, devices for stretching a moving web of material have become known, which can be used in the context of a simultaneous stretching system. Such a stretching machine can be seen as known for example from DE 37 41 582 AI. In this embodiment as well, the clip transport units are supported by rollers rotating on horizontal and vertical axes on the upper and lower sides as well as the two vertical sides of a vertical guide and weight-receiving rail which is rectangular in cross-section. In addition, there is a further control rail, about which chain scissor links the distance of the clips to each other in the region of the divergent Simultanreckzonen in the machine direction MD can be set differently.

Finally, so-called simultaneous stretching systems have become known, for example from EP 4 55 632 AI and DE 44 36 676 AI. In these cases, the guide rail also serves as a support rail for the clip transport units. The drive of the clips follows in this case not by a chain, but via linear motors along the circulation path, which consists of stationary primary parts and with the clip movable secondary parts. Both the primary and secondary parts may be mounted at one or more positions with respect to the guide rail, ie above or below or laterally of the guide rail.

Also in this form of drive by means of magnetic fields sliding and / or rolling elements can also be used again to keep the clip transport units on the guide and support rail longitudinally displaceable.

Regardless of these differently designed stretching systems, there is a fundamental problem to ensure that the coefficients of friction do not become too great for rolling and / or sliding friction. Because the existing friction causes lubricant, especially oil must be used to reduce friction. It should be noted that the friction not only contributes to a considerable power loss, but that the power loss, especially in friction bearings in the form of friction, i. is delivered in particular in the form of heat to the guide system. At high speeds, therefore, conventional sliding guides must be cooled to prevent decomposition (cracking) of the lubricating oil.

In contrast, it is an object of the present invention to provide a significant improvement for the above-described clip transport units, ie in particular for the stretching equipment described above. The object is achieved according to the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

In the context of the invention, therefore, a significant improvement in both simultaneous and sequential or transverse stretching systems is created. According to the invention, this is achieved or at least accompanied by the fact that the moving masses are reduced without this leading to other disadvantages in such stretching systems. Among other things, the reduction in mass leads to a reduction in friction and ultimately to a reduction in energy input.

Lighter designs of the clip or clip chain units also lead to a reduction of energy input in chain and Pentagraphsystemen and linear motor controlled systems.

In the context of the invention, it is therefore proposed to manufacture the corresponding clip transport units to a minimum (based on the volume or relative to the total weight of the transport unit) of light materials, ie in particular composite materials. Composites or so-called composite materials are materials composed of two or more materials. The composite material has other and generally improved properties than the material properties of its individual components. In other words, not only a very light transport unit can be produced within the scope of the invention, but a Light transport unit, which also withstands high forces and loads. The properties of composite or composite materials are known to depend on various effects. The connection of the individual starting materials is carried out by a material and / or positive connection of the components involved. In the context of the invention, the fiber composite materials have a particularly preferred meaning, wherein these materials may for example also be provided in a matrix of aluminum, magnesium or other composite materials.

By reducing the friction and thus the power loss, the amount of lubricant, and also the contamination of the film by the lubricant can be reduced.

Another consequence of reducing friction is the reduction in cooling capacity.

A direct consequence of weight reduction is also that less weight must be dragged through the chain, i. There is a reduction of the drive power.

By the mentioned weight reduction but also reduce the centrifugal forces in the reversals on Einbzw. Outlet. In addition, the weight reduction also causes a reduction in Kettenlängskräf te, since the drag forces, the preload and the centrifugal trains are low. As a result, for example, the chain pins can be designed optimized or it can be reduced in size, which in turn to another Weight reduction contributes.

In simultaneous pentagraph systems, the weights of both the lever units and the tenter and chain parts as well as the control units on the guide and control rails can be reduced.

In the case of linear motor-controlled simultaneous systems, the weight of the clip and the transport part can be reduced, which leads to a reduction of the energy input into the primary parts. Further energy savings are achieved with sequential stretching units, which are driven by transport chains and sprockets. In roller-guided tenter chain systems, both the tenter part and the chain part (ie, generally the transport part) can be wholly or partly made of lightweight materials. The same applies to plain bearing guided chain chain systems, which will be described here by way of example.

An additional improvement can also be achieved by a substantial decoupling of the weight forces from the other mostly process-related forces, such as stretching forces and e.g. Chain longitudinal forces at sequential stretching units, reach.

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments. In detail:

Figure la: a schematic plan view of a

Querreckanlage with a common support structure for the process side and the return side inside the oven;

Figure lb: a modified to Figure la embodiment of a process side separate return be te for the

Transport chain outside the furnace;

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view through a support structure for the guideway of a transport chain with associated clips;

Figure 3: a clip with parts of the transport chain in an abstract spatial representation;

FIG. 4a shows a side view of a clip according to the invention parallel to the advance movement of the clip (to uniquely identify the directions, a coordinate system has been drawn, where m is the transport direction along the guide rail, t is the direction of the normal vector and z is the direction collinear with the guide rail);

Figure 4b: a corresponding plan view of the

Embodiment according to Figure 4a;

Figure 4c: a vertical cross-sectional view through the transport chain and explanation of the structure of the transport chain;

FIG. 4d shows a schematic top view of a Ke11eng1iedausbi1dung;

Figure 4e: a schematic plan view of a

Clip transport unit for showing how the clip part is bolted to the transport part;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic vertical side view perpendicular to a monorail as guide and support rail with respect to a linear motor-driven clip formation;

FIG. 5a: a corresponding illustration to FIG. 5 for explaining the attachment of the

Cleat part on the chain part;

FIG. 5b: a further illustration of FIG

Explanation of the attachment of the clip part to the chain part;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic side view of FIG

FIGS. 4a to 4e with the forces and working planes applied thereto, in which these forces occur and act;

FIG. 7 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 5 for the case of a linear motor-driven chain transport unit; and

Figure 8: a chain longitudinal force position diagram showing the at the clips attaching forces.

A transport system of a stretching system usually consists of a weight guide rail and a guide rail, but can also be combined in a rail unit. In Pentagraphsystemen two rail units are usually present, the first rail system fulfills a function of leadership and weight and the second the control of the clip movement. All these details are familiar to the expert and need not be further explained here.

As an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a Breitreckwerk first described with a plain bearing, so a Querreckanlage.

Basic Structure The sheet wide or transverse stretching unit described here, which is also referred to below as TD stretching unit (TD), has two symmetrically designed drive systems which are symmetrical to a central symmetry running vertically to the drawing plane Level SE lie. In FIG. 1a, the two drive systems arranged symmetrically with respect to the symmetry plane SE in the withdrawal direction 1 are shown, wherein the material web to be treated, ie to be stretched, is moved along the withdrawal direction 1 between the two drive systems revolving on closed webs 2, in particular in the form of a plastic film F , The illustrated TD stretching unit can also be part of a sequential stretching unit, the usually one of the transverse stretching (transverse stretching) upstream longitudinal stretching stage comprises (in case of doubt, this longitudinal stretching stage of the transverse stretching stage but also be arranged downstream). The stretching apparatus shown in FIG. 1 a comprises two chain transport systems 3 driven in the direction of rotation on the two circulating webs 2.

A uniaxial (ie if a longitudinal stretching of the shown Querreckanlage is upstream) or an unstretched film F (which is referred to in the following film, although with such a stretching generally a treatment sheet F can be treated accordingly and transversely, so that the invention so far is not limited to a plastic film) runs in the inlet area E in the stretching and is there from below discussed cleats, as shown for example with reference to Figure 2, taken at both edges 8 and pinched, on the so-called operator Side (OS - operator side) and the drive-side drive side (DS - drive side). The film F is then heated in a subsequent preheating zone PH, and subsequently fed to a stretching zone R in order to be drawn here in the transverse direction TD. Subsequently, the stretched film F passes through different heat treatment zones HT, in which a relaxation of the film can take place. At the end of the stretching unit in the so-called outlet zone A, the film is unclipped by suitable means and then leaves the transverse stretching machine, ie the transverse stretching unit TD.

In the following, reference will also be made to the Kluppen- rsporteinheiten KT, which are hereinafter also partially referred to as Kluppen- chain units KK. These Clip transport unit KT or clip chain unit KK comprises on the one hand the so-called clip part 6 which is connected to the chain or transport part 7 down here bridge B, the bridge B is hereinafter also partially referred to as clip bridge B. Depending on the view, the clip bridge B (the volume and weight is only a small proportion in relation to the clip part 6 and the transport or chain part 7), for example, also be added to the clip part 6. In the illustrated example, in which a transport chain is used, it is preferable to speak of a chain part 7, which is part of the tenter chain unit KK. In a later explained embodiment for a linear motor-driven stretching system, in addition to the clip part 6, it is preferable to speak of a transport part 7 (since no transport chain is provided here), which forms the so-called clip transport unit KT together with the clip part 6.

As is known, these tenter chain units KK, that is to say the mentioned tenter part 6 and the chain part 7, are located in a circulating transport system 3, which firstly comprises a support structure, ie a support structure 11 and a circumferential chain 13, on which the mentioned tenter parts 6 are attached or trained mitlaufend. The support structure 11 comprises a guide rail 15. In addition to this guide rail 15, a support rail 17 receiving the weight of the chain and the clips is also provided, which is also referred to below as a weight guide rail 17. As will be apparent from the following explanation, the leadership and support of the transport chain with the it with movable clips on the mono-guide rail 15 and on the support rail 17 by means of a sliding bearing. The illustrated support structure can be used as a common support structure for the transport system both on the stretch side process side RS and on the return side RL (Figure 2). In Figure 2 is a cross section through the transport system to see, namely with a common support structure 11, in addition to a arranged in the middle, more vertically extending support 19, a cross member supported above 21, at its opposite ends facing away from each of the upwardly extending, in cross-section rectangular rail 15, so the so-called guide rail 15 is mounted, namely as mentioned on the stretching side RS on the one hand and on the back RL to the other. In such a common support arrangement, the transport system is common within a furnace O (Figure la). This furnace surrounds both the preheating zone PH, the stretching zone R and the reheating zone or relaxation zone HT, so that ultimately only the deflecting and driving systems provided on the inlet and outlet sides come to lie outside the furnace O. Otherwise, a separate support structure for the stretch side RS as the return side RL may be provided, so that in this case only the rear-side support structure with the associated guide rail and the weight rail passes through the oven O and a correspondingly formed further support structure on the return side outside the furnace O is provided. An appropriate structure in schematic plan view is shown in Figure lb.

As mentioned, the transport chain 13 is driven and deflected both on the outlet and the inlet side by outlet and / or inlet wheels AR and ER.

In order to make the system flexible joints G are also provided at various points for the guide rail and the mounting rail, which will be discussed later. By setting these joints differently, different transverse stretching ratios can be set, in particular in the stretching zone R.

Optimizing the anlacre by reducing weight

Weight reduction through lightweight materials reduces the power dissipation caused by friction and reduces drive power as less mass has to be moved. As positive secondary effects, the lubricating amounts can be reduced and the cooling capacity can be reduced.

In addition, the so-called centrifugal pull (= centrifugal force Fz = mv2) reduces in the reversals at the inlet and outlet. Since the centrifugal train is defined as the meter weight of the chain transport units multiplied by the square line speed, it becomes clear that in order to achieve high line speeds, the meter weights of the chain transport units must be reduced in order to reduce the chain longitudinal forces.

In that regard, reference is also made to Figure 8, in the schematically the progressions of the chain longitudinal force along the process and return side of the transport system is shown as a solid line. For example, to be able to compare the weight per meter of the standard designs of cast steel, some definitions are necessary, since the lightweight construction of the cast steel design is structurally different, and thus a direct comparison would only be possible if the lightweight construction of the cast steel execution in shape and functional dimensions, would be exactly the same except for the different densities of the materials.

As a cast steel standard version, a lintel transfer unit made of cast steel is defined, which forms the transport system with a guide rail and support rail construction (and control rail in the case of pentagraph systems). This standard system has fixed functional dimensions, e.g. the chain pitch, the Einkluppabstände, the MD stretching ratio, the location of the film plane with respect to plain bearings or roller bearings, etc. These basic relationships are familiar to the expert and are z.T. in the consideration of the force discharges explained below.

It is now possible to compare the weight per meter of the standard cast steel construction to the lightweight construction method if the same functional dimensions are used within the same guideway and mounting rail construction (and control rails in pentagraph systems). The clip transport unit made of cast steel is thus in an existing guide and mounting rail construction by the lightweight construction in identical design and with identical dimension replaced without, for example, the sprocket wheels replaced or other mechanical design or procedural measures would have to be made.

Under this definition then a comparison of the meter weights is possible. In practice, one meter of the cast-in-the-loop transport unit would be compared to one meter of lightweight construction. Of course, the same principle can also be implemented with very high accuracy with modern CAD simulations.

Therefore, it is provided in the context of the invention that the clip transport unit KT, for example, has a meter weight, which is at least 25% lighter than a corresponding (identical) cast steel execution of the clip transport unit KT. In other words, so the meter weight in an embodiment of the invention Kluppen- transport in identical design (ie with the same shape, dimension, etc.) in contrast to a corresponding embodiment in a cast steel execution lead to a weight saving of at least 25%, alone in that, for example, composites are used in the context of the invention. For example, a composite material with two or more materials may be used, preferably with fiber composites embedded in a matrix. Preferably, a volume and / or weight saving should be realized that at least 25%, in particular at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or even at least 80% or in extreme cases 90% compared to a structurally identical or identical construction Cast steel version is. Therefore, within the scope of the invention it is also assumed that at least 25% and preferably more than 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%; 70%, 80% or even more than 90% of the weight fraction of the clip transport unit KT consists of materials comprising or comprising one or more materials from the group of aluminum, magnesium or fiber composites.

Therefore, in order to obtain clear definitions and directions of application within the scope of the invention, it is preferably assumed that at least 25% of the volume (volume of material used) or 25% of the weight of a corresponding clip transport unit according to the invention consists of light materials in the form of composite materials, in particular fiber composite materials, including carbon fiber or glass fiber composites. Preferably, this volume or weight fraction of a clip transport unit according to the invention should be at least 25%, in particular at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or in extreme cases at least more than 90%.

Lighter designs of the clip or clip chain units also lead to a reduction in the energy input in chain and pentagraph systems and in linear motor-controlled systems.

Another consequence of reducing friction is in the reduction of cooling capacity.

A direct consequence of weight reduction is that less weight has to be dragged through the chain, the linear motors or the scissor lattice, i. There is a reduction of the drive power.

An improvement in the overall situation, i. A reduction of the coefficients of friction, an associated improvement with respect to the sliding bearing and a possible lubrication and / or a reduction of the abrasion can be realized by the fact that the transport chain 13 as a whole with the tenter chain units KK (ie generally for the tenter transport units KT ) and the fastener parts 6 and the transport or chain parts 7 or at least parts thereof are realized in a lightweight construction. So far, only steel and other cast materials are used as standard materials for this purpose.

Therefore, it is provided in the context of the aforementioned embodiments, that the transport system KT and thus the so-called transport or chain parts 7 and / or the clip parts 6 (ie the clip body 6) or essential components thereof, for example, from lighter materials in the form of composite materials including Fiber composites (especially carbon fiber composites - CFRP -) are made or exist.

In the case of a further reduction in weight or friction reduction by use of CFC materials, for example, the clip part 6, but also the clip part 6 can be used Transport or chain part 7, as shown and described for example in Figure 3, be partially or completely executed in composite technology. In this case, parts of the clip part 6 as well as the chain part 7 can be made of one piece or composed of two or more components and connected to each other.

It would be possible, for example, for a clip body (clip part 6), the essential clip body part consists of a carbon fiber composite material in which only movable axle parts 127a are inserted from metal and, for example, the so-called knife flap 25c consists of a composite material or a light metal, wherein the Knife flap 25c is provided at least with a metal or light metal existing clamping tip or clamping head 125a, similar to the cooperating clip table 25e, which may for example be equipped or coated at least with a metallized steel or light metal layer. In order to ensure a magnetic opening and closing function of the knife flap, the lever tip is to be provided with a magnetic insert 125b (FIG. 4a). All of the measures described for reducing weight result in relevant advantages. In addition, the chain longitudinal forces can be reduced dramatically by the weight reduction, as shown schematically by the dotted lines in Figure 8. On the inlet side at the MD position = 0, for example, the forces occur due to the prestressing of the chain and the centrifugal forces (= centrifugal forces) which, as already described, are reduced by the weight reduction can be. Overall, one finds that the entire curve now shifts parallel to lower chain longitudinal forces. All these measures result in consequence also to further improvements in the construction of the lump transport units. For example, the weight reduction causes a reduction in the chain longitudinal forces, since the drag forces, the preload and centrifugal trains are lower. As a result, for example, the chain pin can be designed optimized, or it can be reduced in size, and it can be further reduced weight.

Incidentally, reference is again made to FIG. 8, in which the dependence of the chain longitudinal force on the position on the orbit 2 can be seen. Figure 8 shows in general that the chain longitudinal force is greatest at the drive of the outlet area, because the entire transport chain 13 is pulled over the driven discharge wheel. Depending on the provided in the inlet region E input gear, which is possibly driven by partial load, the conditions change with respect to the chain longitudinal force at the outlet and inlet.

Carrier construction

The explained further weight reduction or reduction in friction, for example through the use of CFRP materials, is particularly suitable for a chain arrangement 13, in which, as explained with reference to FIG. 3, a chain inner member and a chain outer member alternately follow one another. This is particularly advantageous because in this construction, the components, in particular the fiber composites, are claimed only on train. This is advantageous because there is no force redirection (as in the rotary chain).

The transport chain 13 itself preferably consists alternately of an inner and an outer member, ie not of chain parts which are provided therebetween lying with a bend, wherein successively each of the deeper portion of a chain link is assembled with a subsequent higher portion of a next chain link. Reference is also made to FIG. 3 for this purpose. Thus, a chain arrangement is preferably realized in which the transport chain is constructed comparable to a simple roller chain. However, other types of link chains are also possible, such as multiple roller chains, rotary chains, etc. In this respect, reference is also made to other previously known chain constructions.

In this respect proves to be favorable, a large chain pitch, which weight and cost can be further reduced. In this sense, it also proves to be advantageous (which has already been pointed out with reference to Figure 3), if per clip body 6 not only a tenter lever, so not only a knife flap 25c, but for example two knife flaps 25c in the longitudinal direction of the clip, ie in the longitudinal direction so-called clip parts 6 and thus are provided in feed motion of the clip next to each other seated, although only one blade flap 25c - as in the prior art - may be provided (otherwise it is also conceivable that not only two, but several knife flaps are arranged side by side per clip body).

By way of example, a chain inner link 13.2 of the transport chain in FIGS. 4c and 4d is described here. In order to store the axle bolts 13.7 and to achieve the necessary rigidity, inserts 113.1 are provided. In order to be able to absorb the necessary tensile strength, which is predominantly caused by the chain longitudinal forces FKi, tension straps 113.2 are inserted in addition to the prepregs. The curing and compression of the composite is carried out in vacuum and autoclave by the usual methods, such as prepreg or RTM (resin transfer molding) method. Preference is given to long-fiber scrims and composites, and the usual high-temperature-resistant polymers and epoxides are used as materials.

In an analogous manner, the other components of the clip chain units KK are produced. FIG. 4c shows, by way of example, a section through the chain part KE through the axle center of the chain bolt 13.7 at right angles to the guide rail 15. Shown is a situation in which the clip and chain part 6, 7 are produced separately along a parting line T. The connection between the two parts is carried out, for example, screwing by means of screws 401, wherein the nut part of the screw is designed as insert 400, as shown in Figure 4c. Of course, it is not excluded that the Kluppen chain units KK can be made only from one or more parts. Linear motor driven simultaneous stretching machine

In the following, a linear motor-driven simultaneous stretching unit will be discussed, as are known in principle from the prior publications EP 455 632 and DE 44 36 676, to the disclosure content of which reference is made to the full extent. In these embodiments, the guide rail 500 shown in cross-section with reference to FIG. 5 also serves as a support rail of the tenter transport units KT and thus of the transport parts 7. The drive of the tenter transport units KT with the fastener parts 6 is not effected by a chain but by linear motors along the circulation path, which consists of stationary primary parts 502 and with the clip transport units KT movable secondaries 503. In other words, along the stationary primary parts 502, ie along the guide rail 500, which also serves as a transport rail 500 simultaneously (monorail), the clips, ie the clip parts 6 with the transport parts 7 by means of the secondary parts 503 longitudinal process and moves. The transport parts 7 correspond to the chain parts 7 described in the preceding exemplary embodiment, since the transport parts in the preceding embodiment represent part of a transport chain.

Both the mentioned primary and the mentioned secondary parts can be attached to one or more positions with respect to the guide rail 500 (top, bottom, side). The secondary parts 503 are made of permanent magnets, which are fixed in a holding cage 504, which in turn is attached to the clip body. The storage of the clips takes place via roller bearings 505. In Figure 5, the guide and weight rail 500 (monorail) is shown in cross section to the longitudinal direction. It has a rectangular cross-section in the embodiment shown. At the two vertically oriented and mutually parallel running surfaces 500a run two pairs in the vertical direction offset from each other rollers or wheels 505, which rotate about vertical axes, not shown. At least one further pair of rollers, which rotate about horizontal axes, run on the horizontal horizontal running surface 500b lying above and the parallel, ie horizontal, running surface 500b at a distance therefrom. By this rail 500 so the entire moving club is kept out and supported by weight. As mentioned, the clip transport unit KT is divided into the actual clip part 6 and the transport or roller part 7 set therefrom. Along a vertical and virtual separation plane T shown in FIG. 5, the clip transport unit (KT) is in the clip part 6 (with an overhead bridge B) and the adjacent clip or transport part 7 articulated. This separating plane T runs parallel to the vertical running surfaces 500a of the guide and support rail 500. As will be discussed below, the clip transport unit KT is balanced to a plane of gravity Sz (mz plane through the center of gravity GS), so stands here in balance. As already described in the example of plain bearing sling chain slackness, also in the case of the linear motor driven stretching machine (LISIM), clip insertion and reinforcement parts in lightweight construction materials can be used be used. As an example, Fig. 5a is shown along the parting line T. In order to keep the torque through the clip body as low as possible, for example, the clip and the clip knife 25c is largely made of lightweight material. In order to achieve the necessary strength in the screw by means of screw 601 of the clip member relative to the roller member KR, inserts 602 and reinforcing members 603 are used at the design-related points. Structurally, stiffening structures (eg reinforcing tapes) can generally also be used at arbitrary positions within the lightweight construction, where this appears necessary according to engineering technical knowledge, eg by FEM simulations.

In an analogous manner, the screwing of the magnetically designed secondaries 504 and 503 via screw 604 and 605 with the respective inserts 606 and 607, as shown by way of example in Fig. 5b.

The same principle of the insert and reinforcing parts is also applied to the screw connections of the roller bearings 505 via screw 608 and inserts 609. As already mentioned, reinforcing mechanisms, such as drawstrings and high-strength metal or polymer components, can be used anywhere in the lightweight construction sector, where this makes sense from the point of view of engineering engineering, and e.g. was determined by simulations.

Even when executing either the clip part 6 or the transport part 7 alone, (eg along the parting line T) or by appropriate embodiments of the entire clip With the clip part 6 and the transport or chain part 7 in lightweight construction using a lightweight building material, preferably in the form of CFRP, also a largely decoupled, tilting torque-free system can be created, which will be discussed later.

Deviating from the embodiment shown, of course, the above-described linear motor driven stretching unit, i. have the whole by means of linear motor drive along a guideway moving cleat transport unit in whole or in part instead of the shown rolling bearing on a corresponding sliding bearing, as has been described in principle with reference to the previously explained embodiment of a Querreckanlage.

Finally, reference is made in this respect to conventional transverse stretching systems by means of a rolling bearing, as they are known for example from the already cited DE 39 28 454 AI. This also applies equally to the simultaneous stretching machines equipped with a conventional mechanical drive, as are known, for example, from the already cited DE 37 41 582 A1, in which the clip spacing in the mentioned zone sections can be set differently by chain scissor links. In this case, the tenter units, the control units, as well as the chain scissors members can be made entirely or partially in a corresponding lightweight construction, by using one or more of the above materials. Description of the composites, in particular the fiber composites

In all of these exemplary embodiments, however, the clip transport units KT, ie the actual clip part and / or the actual transport part, can be improved on the basis of the already described embodiments in that the corresponding parts have a volume of more than 25%, in particular more than 30% %, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or even more than 90% of composite materials, in particular long-fiber composite materials or comprise, alone or in combination with other materials. For example, what composites are to be understood in the art can be found in Wikipedia (https://de.wikipedia.org). Composite materials are understood to mean all material combinations of two or more materials. Usually, a composite material consists of a so-called matrix, in which one or more other materials, so-called property components, are embedded. The components of a composite material can themselves be composites. The composite material has improved material properties than its individual components. Possible particle composites, fiber composites, such as a glass fiber reinforced matrix, metal matrix composites (MMC), preferably long-fiber carbon fiber reinforced matrices, self-reinforced thermoplastics, aramid fiber reinforced plastic (AFK), ceramic-ceramic composites (CMC), layered composites ; TiGr composite, fiber reinforced aluminum, sandwich constructions, bimetals, hylite, a sand wich structure of a plastic plate embedded between two aluminum plates / foils and ceramic fiber composites.

The composites are therefore basically a multi-phase or mixed material. A fiber composite material generally consists of two main components, namely a bedding matrix and reinforcing fibers.

The material classification of the materials into polymeric (plastics), metallic, ceramic and organic materials results in the basic combination possibilities for composite materials. In this case, an application-specific attempt is made to combine the different advantages of the individual materials in the final material and to exclude the disadvantages.

The matrix but also the property components can be made of metals such as aluminum, magnesium, etc., of polymers (thermo-thermosets, resins such as polyester resin, polyurethane resin (polyurethanes), epoxy resin, silicone resin, vinyl ester resin, phenolic resin, acrylic resin (PMMA), etc.) Combinations exist.

Fiber composite materials, in particular long-fiber composite materials, are preferably used. In principle, however, it is also possible to use particle composite materials, layered composite materials, interpenetration composite materials, and structural composite materials. The fibers can run in one or more specific directions or have preferred directions. Fiber composites can be produced in layers.

As is known, the matrix confers the composite and especially the fiber composite its appearance. This matrix also serves to hold the reinforcing fibers in place and to receive and distribute the corresponding forces and stresses. At the same time, the matrix protects the fibers from external influences, in particular also mechanical and chemical influences.

The fibers provide the fiber composite with the necessary strength, including the required tensile strength and / or flexural strength.

As a matrix, for example, light materials, including such as aluminum or magnesium, into consideration. But other metals can be used as a matrix. Likewise, various ceramics may be used as a matrix for corresponding composite materials, that is to say in particular fiber composite materials. Finally, it should also be mentioned in this context that carbon and carbon fiber reinforced carbon (CFC) can be used. Otherwise, they are preferred for fiber composites

Fiber-reinforced composite materials are used in which polymers are used as the matrix, namely, for example

Duromers (thermosets, synthetic resin, etc.)

Elastomers - Thermoplastics.

The compound of the composite materials (matrix and property component) is carried out by the usual methods, such as injection molding, insertion technique, Vakuumverguß, etc. Further processing can be carried out by known methods and methods, including the hardening and compression of the composite. This compression is usually done in a vacuum and autoclave. Such methods have become known, for example, under the keywords "prepreg" or "RTM (resin transfer molding)".

In principle, all the corresponding methods, which are also known so far, can be used, for example the

Vacuum press method

Prepreg process

Vacuum infusion methods

Filament winding method

Fiber spraying method

Injection molding process

Molding process

Pultrusion process

Sheet Molding Compounds Process (SMC)

The composites can be provided with reinforcing materials, structural components and inserts by well-known methods.

Preference is given to long-fiber scrims and composites, and the usual high-temperature-resistant polymers and epoxides are used as materials.

In addition, of course, other materials may be present or used. In the case of fiber composites, especially carbon fiber Composites into consideration. In this context, above all, casting materials for the clip part 6 as well as the chain part 7 can be used, which may consist of one of the following substances or may comprise a plurality of said substances.

In all these illustrated embodiments, this thus leads to a drastic reduction in weight of the clip transport units regardless of the specific type of stretching system, which not only significantly reduces the friction-rolling and / or friction-sliding values but also the required energy input and heating is significantly reduced in the area of the guide rail and / or the mounting rail compared to conventional systems.

Due to the lightweight design can be achieved by designing individual components within the Kluppenverbundes extensive decoupling of the forces acting, without or greatly reduced tilting moments.

In addition, however, further measures may be provided to further enhance or support these effects.

Additional decoupling of forces

In addition, it can be further provided within the scope of the invention that, in contrast to the prior art in the transport system according to the invention in addition an ideally complete, ie 100% decoupling of the vertical and horizontal forces in conjunction with the weight and gravity distribution of lightweight construction takes place.

Within the scope of a development of the invention, it is desired that at least the weight of the clip parts 6 and the transport parts 7 be distributed symmetrically to a virtual weight symmetry plane Sz (FIG. 6).

In the case of transport chain-driven clips, this means that there is a balanced weight distribution between the clip bodies, i. should consist of the clasp parts 6 and the transport parts 7, in which case the virtual parting line T in the region of the clip bridge B runs or may run (possibly more or less immediately adjacent to the actual clip part 6 and the chain part 7).

In the case of a linear motor-driven stretching unit, the respective clip part 6 and the so-called secondary part provided with the linear motor drive transport part 7 should be designed more or less in weight so that the center of gravity level Sz is within the guide rail. The stretching forces and centrifugal forces engage symmetrically in the middle of the roller bearings on the guide rail.

In the example of the sliding chain transport system, the weight of the clip part 6 and the weight of the chain or transport part 7 (the total weight of the clip body 6) are therefore symmetrical with respect to the virtual weight symmetry plane Sz and therefore as equal as possible to the weight running surface 39 distributed, with the virtual weight symmetry plane Sz through the center of gravity GS and while parallel to the running surfaces 31, 33 of the shoe 39 'extends. This is to ensure that, on the one hand, no tilting or twisting torques are generated by an asymmetrical weight distribution of the transport chain 13 and / or the clip part 6, and that, on the other hand, the surface pressure on the weight running surface 39 is distributed as symmetrically as possible to the weight symmetry axis or weight symmetry plane Sz is to minimize the overall coefficient of friction in weight. By the overall arrangement is thus prevented or at least largely ensured that attack on the transport chain and the clip body, as mentioned, no tilting or torques that would otherwise lead to an increase in the frictional forces during the advancement of the transport chain.

In FIG. 6, the center of gravity GS of the clip chain unit KK for the case of a transport chain-driven transverse stretching installation and in FIG. 7 the corresponding center of gravity GS of the clip transport unit KT for a linear motor-driven simultaneous stretching installation are shown by way of example, which in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG Guide rail slider 29, that comes to rest in the middle region. Of course, the focus is to be considered in all three spatial directions, so we will talk about focus levels below. This is where the weight FG whose vector is shown in FIG. 6 starts. This weight force vector FG lies in a direction perpendicular to the plane extending virtual weight symmetry plane Sz, which extends in the longitudinal direction through the clip body, in which on a straight guide track of the clip body is moved longitudinally. Of the Gravity vector FG or the virtual weight-symmetry plane Sz extends centrally and symmetrically to the plain bearings 40 provided on the clip base 25f, thereby cutting the slide surface 39 vertically.

On the underside of the clip chain unit KK, however, two or more separate slide bearings 40a, 40b may be formed instead of a single slide bearing 40, whereupon the clip chain units KK (ie the respective clip parts 6 with the associated chain parts 7) with the corresponding weight on a corresponding support and / or running rail 17 (Figure 2) slidably rest. The underside of these plain bearings 40, 40a, 40b (over which the clip-chain units KK are supported with their weight) is sometimes also referred to as a weight running surface 39.

The one or more plain bearings 40, 40a, 40b have a maximum extension width 39 ', which is or are shown in FIG. 6, for example. It corresponds to the sum of the values x + y, where x is the distance between the vertical centroid plane Sz to the farthest point of the slide member 40a on the clip side and the distance y the distance from the centroid plane Sz to the farthest point of the slide member 40b on the chain side represents. In the region of the maximum extension width 39 ', a single sliding element 40 or a plurality of sliding elements 40a, 40b arranged at a distance from one another can therefore be provided. The center of gravity plane Sz should preferably pass through the maximum extension width 39 '(= x + y) in the center. Should the gravity plane Sz be this maximum extension width with respect to the sliding elements 40, 40a, 40b which do not pass centrally, so that the lateral distance X is different from the lateral distance Y, the sliding elements should be dimensioned in their length such that the surface pressures are equal with respect to the center of gravity plane Sz. In other words, therefore, the (correspondingly large) partial weight forces on the left or right in relation to the center of gravity plane Sz at the farthest points 40a 'or 40b' (s) should run so that the distance x is not equal to the distance y is, it should also be ensured in this case that the surface pressures on the left and right of the center of gravity plane Sz are equal, with the result that the surfaces of the sliding element or the plurality of sliding elements 40a, 40b left and right of the focal plane Sz be different sizes have to. By adjusting the sliding surface can be ensured that the clip chain unit KK does not tip. Thus, the weight forces of the transport chain are tilting and torque-free, and completely independent of the horizontally acting forces supported on the support rail.

All other on the transport chain 13, that is, on the individual members such as the cleat parts 6 and the chain parts 7 applied forces are aligned perpendicular to the weight FG due to the design principle chosen within the scope of the invention. These additional forces are not only aligned perpendicular to the weight FG, but attack more or less in the same or in approximately the same altitude at the respective clip body and thus on the transport chain, which ensures that no additional tilting or Torque on the Clamp body and thus introduced to the transport chain, so as not to contribute to an increase in the friction effect. As can be seen from the drawings, the height of the chain-force running surface 31a and the height of the stretching-force-running surface 33a can be designed quite differently. The only relevant decision is that the stretching, transverse, lateral surface and / or flat forces acting on them, acting perpendicularly to the weight forces FG, begin in the region of the chain force running surface 31a or the stretching force running surface 33a and, above all, the associated vectors act in a common or close to each other level, so that otherwise occurring tilting or torques that could act on the clip body 6 and thus on the conveyor chain 13, avoided or minimized as much as possible. Therefore, in the drawings, a chain force tread height 231 and a stretching tread height 233 are also plotted (for example, FIG. 6) describing the respective height or effective height from the lowermost to the uppermost point of the respective sliding surface 31a, 33a (FIGS The sliding surface does not have to be continuous from the lowest to the highest point, but may have sliding surfaces spaced apart from one another to form a free intermediate space). Decision relevant is only the effective total height of the respective chain force or

Tension-tread height 231 or 233, which is supported on the corresponding running or outer surface 15a, 15b of the guide rail 15, so hereby interacts. In This Bereic namely with the exception of the weight FB acting perpendicular to any further occurring forces, so that here also on the guide rail no tilting and torques can be introduced. In other words, all here acting perpendicular to the guide surfaces or sliding surfaces forces are tilting and torque-free supported on the guide rail, as well as the weight FG, which acts perpendicular thereto and should be supported without tilting and torque on the support and weight rail 17 in that this weight vector also intersects the corresponding running surface 17a of the support rail 17 in the region of the effective sliding surface formed there.

In the case of a linear motor drive, the relationships described with reference to FIG. 6 for a transport chain drive basically apply mutatis mutandis, where then not the actual tenter chain units KK but the linear motor driven tenter transport units KT used, as can be seen in the cross-sectional view of Figure 7 ,

The center of gravity plane Sz in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 for the case of a transverse stretching installation using a transport chain or in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 7 for a linear motor-driven simultaneous stretching installation with separately drivable clip transport units KT is now located within the Width of the guide rail 15. The stretching force FR still acts symmetrically in the middle of the lateral roller system. The chain longitudinal forces do not apply, due to the symmetrical structure the centrifugal forces FF in the stretching force level Y or in a parallel plane at a small distance WA1, for example, slightly above or below the stretching force level Y, the stretching force level Y coincides with the elevation of the clip table, on which the edge 8 of the film F is kept clamped in the stretching zone.

Furthermore, it can also be seen from FIG. 6 or FIG. 7 that, apart from the weight force, further, as a rule, more or less perpendicularly extending forces are applied to the respective clip chain unit KK on the guideway 2, such as, for example, the Fliehkräfte FF, the cornering forces FS and shear forces FQ (where the cornering forces and the lateral forces omitted in a linear motor-driven drive, they are not generated or initiated by the chain longitudinal force). In the illustrated preferred embodiment, it is provided that all these additional more or less perpendicular to the weight and thus more or less parallel to the stretching or film plane extending additional forces above the lower edge 15c of the guide rail 15 act on this or within the remote Begrenzungskaten Slide or roller bearings (ie between the lower and upper limit of the sliding or roller bearings) act on the guide rail. The stretching force acts on the center and symmetrical to the lateral roller system, ie the transport or chain part 7. However, in this case the so-called chain longitudinal forces would be eliminated, since by the symmetrical structure to attack the centrifugal forces in the stretching force level.

The advantages of the invention are particularly evident when the system between the clip member 6 and the chain member 7 is balanced in an optimal manner accordingly. In this case, the centroid plane Sz is arranged parallel to the mz plane within the thickness of the guide rail 15, wherein in Figure 6 with f, the horizontal and thus perpendicular distance between the vertical center of gravity plane Sz to the vertically extending chain force tread 31a and g indicates the corresponding horizontal distance to the vertically extending stretching force running surface 33a, ie the values for f and g are O. The sliding elements of the weight-force guide are far outside this gravity plane, so that no tilting moments can occur. The Gleitelementesystem is further optimized so that the same or nearly equal surface pressures are achieved symmetrically to the gravitational plane Sz either by the distances x, y or by different surface sizes.

Claims

Claims; 1. clip transport unit for a stretching machine, in particular a transverse, longitudinal and / or simultaneous stretching system, in which Kluppen-transport units (KT) as part of a transport chain (13) along a guide and / or mounting rail (15, 500 ) are movable, with the following features:

the clip transport unit (KT) is divided into a clip part (6) and a transport part (7),

characterized by the following further features:

the tenter transport unit (KT) has a volume or weight fraction of at least 25%, which consists of one or more composite materials.

2. clip transport unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the clip part (6) and / or the

Transport part (7) volume or weight to more than 25%, in particular more than 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or more than 90% of one or more composite materials, in particular long-fiber Faserver - composites, or consist of these.

3. clip transport unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the clip part (6) and / or the transport part (7) at least one composite material with at least one matrix material and at least one A) the at least one matrix component comprises one or more of the materials aluminum, magnesium, ceramic, carbon, thermosets, elastomers and / or thermoplastics, in particular thermosets, polymers, resins, polyester resins, polyurethane resins, polyurethane, Epoxy resins, silicone resins, vinyl ester resins, phenolic resins, acrylic resins (PMMA), and

b) the property or functional component one or more of the materials glass fibers, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, aramid fibers, boron fibers, steel fibers and / or nylon fibers, especially in long-fiber design

includes or consists of.

4. clip transport unit according to one of claims 1 to

3, characterized in that the tenter transport unit (KT) is part of a simultaneous pentagram stretching machine, in which at least one component of the tenter unit, the control unit and / or the scissors levers in volume or weight to more than 25%, in particular more than 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or more than 90% of one or more composites, in particular composite materials in the form of fiber composites or carbon fiber or glass fiber composites.

5. clip transport unit according to one of claims 1 to

4, characterized in that in the material of the clip transport units (KT) drawstrings and / or reinforcing members (603) are inserted and potted and / or pressed.

6. clip transport unit according to one of claims 1 to

5, characterized in that the transport parts (7) consist of chain parts (7) which are parts of a transport chain (13), wherein inserted in the material of the transport chain (13) drawstrings (113.2) and / or reinforcing parts and cast and / or pressed are.

7. clip transport unit according to one of claims 1 to

6, characterized in that the composite material of the clip transport unit can be produced by means of at least one of the following methods, namely by means of the vacuum press method, by means of the prepreg method, by means of the vacuum infusion method, by means of the fiber winding method, by means of the injection molding Process, by means of the transfer molding process, by means of the pultrusion process or by means of a sheet-molding compounds (SMC) method.

8. clip transport unit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the clip transport unit (KT) along one or more virtual separation planes (T) is structured.

9. clip transport unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a through the

Center of gravity (GS) of the clip transport unit (KT) extending weight symmetry plane (Sz) and thus the weight vector (FG) of the clip transport unit (KT) by the guide rail (15, 500), which is optionally also designed as a support rail, and / or an optional additionally provided running surface (39) of a support rail (17), via which the clip transport unit (KT) is supported. A clip transport unit according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further characterized by the following features: on the clip chain unit (KK), centrifugal forces (FF) and lateral guiding forces (FS) and transverse forces (FQ) also depend on the section on the guideway (2). at,

the centrifugal forces (FF) act in a plane of centrifugal force (S) parallel to the stretching plane (Y) and passing through the center of gravity (GS) of the clip transport units,

the transverse force plane (FQ) or the cornering forces (FS) act in a plane parallel to the stretching force plane (Y) (Q),

the centrifugal force plane (S) and the lateral or transverse force plane (Q) and the stretching force plane (Y) lie above the lower edge (15c) of the guide rail (15) or within the distal boundary edges of the sliding or roller bearings, which are supported on the guide rail (15), and

Furthermore, a support rail (17) for receiving and supporting the weight (FG) of the clip chain unit (KK) is provided.

Cleat transport unit according to one of claims 1, further characterized by the following features: depending on the route section on the guideway (2), centrifugal forces (FF), cornering forces (FS) and transverse forces (FQ) also engage the clip chain unit (KK) .

the centrifugal forces (FF) act in a plane of centrifugal force parallel to the stretching plane (Y) (S)

the transverse force plane (FQ) or the side guide forces (FS) act in a plane parallel to the stretching force plane (Y) (Q),

the centrifugal force plane (S) and the lateral or transverse force plane (Q) and the stretching force plane (Y) lie within the sliding or roller bearings, in particular the lower edges of the sliding or roller bearings, of one or more Guide rails (15) are guided, and

at least one surface of the guide rail (15) is provided for receiving and supporting the weight force (FG) of the clip chain unit (KK).

12. A clip transport unit according to claim 11 or 11, characterized in that two or more of the planes, namely the stretching force plane (Y), the centrifugal plane (S) and the transverse force or cornering force plane (Q) coincide.

13. clip transport unit according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that

centrifugal forces (FF) also engage at the tenter transport unit (KT) depending on the section on the guideway (2),

the centrifugal force plane (S) and the stretching force plane (Y) are above the lower edge (15c) of the guide rail (15) or within the distal boundary edges of the sliding or roller bearings, which are supported on the guide rail (15), and the centrifugal force plane (S) lies in the parallel distance to the stretching force plane (Y) or coincides with it.