EP2932104B1 - Axial fan - Google Patents

Axial fan Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2932104B1
EP2932104B1 EP13759430.5A EP13759430A EP2932104B1 EP 2932104 B1 EP2932104 B1 EP 2932104B1 EP 13759430 A EP13759430 A EP 13759430A EP 2932104 B1 EP2932104 B1 EP 2932104B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
blades
axial fan
rotor blades
rotor
oil
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2932104A1 (en
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Norbert Kuhn
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/34—Blade mountings
    • F04D29/36—Blade mountings adjustable
    • F04D29/362—Blade mountings adjustable during rotation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an axial fan with blades according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a fan motor which is used for supplying cooling air to a heat exchanger of an engine.
  • This fan motor has one Speed, which is generally directly dependent on the speed of the motor. Since the engine can operate at the same speed but with different load, also varies according to the amount of heat that must be dissipated by the heat exchanger at the same engine speed. Accordingly, there is a need to be able to adjust the delivery rate of the fan motor at the same speed different. This is done by the blades of the fan are rotatable about its longitudinal axis. By rotating the blades about their longitudinal axis, the efficiency of the fan and thus the flow rate can be influenced.
  • the present invention is based on the object to propose a construction of an axial fan, with the adjustability of the blades as simple as possible is feasible.
  • the bevel gear can be arranged with a planetary gear on the Verstellantriebswelle.
  • the design also proves to be advantageous if no planetary gear is used for the adjustment of the rotor blades.
  • the bevel gear can also be arranged directly on the adjustment drive shaft.
  • the bevel gear is moved or held in its position.
  • the adjusting drive shaft is the output shaft of the adjusting motor, via which the orientation of the blades is adjusted. To distinguish this is the drive shaft of the drive motor, via which the axial fan is rotated.
  • the blades can be rotated in particular by large angles. It is by design possible to turn the blades completely 360 degrees about their longitudinal axis adjustable. Of course, smaller angles can also be set.
  • This design can be used for controllable fans with blade adjustment during operation, or for fans with two positions of the blades - one for forward operation and one for reverse operation.
  • the impeller hub has an inner chamber. In this inner chamber an oil filling is present.
  • the impeller hub further includes an outer chamber.
  • the inner chamber and the outer chamber are connected via a plurality of openings, each having a sealing system which allows a portion of the oil to pass and retains a portion of the oil. Through these sealing systems, the bearings of the spars of the blades are lubricated at least during operation of the axial fan.
  • the outer chamber communicates with the inner chamber of the impeller hub at the radially inner end region by overflow pipes, through which, when the axial fan is turned off, the oil at least partially flows back into the inner chamber of the impeller hub.
  • the peripheral bearing of the spars of the blades and the adjusting gear are lubricated by this configuration.
  • the impeller hub is provided with an oil filling. When operating the rotor, the oil is evenly distributed.
  • the inner chamber of the impeller hub formed by the Schaufelverstelleinrichtug is sealed against the outer chamber, which is formed by the blade-side cavity.
  • This seal is made by only partially permeable to the oil seals. As a result, it is possible to prevent the oil reservoir located in this chamber from being emptied during the operation of the rotor and displacing the entire oil located in the inner chamber of the rotor hub into the outer chamber.
  • the adjustment of the orientation of the blades takes place by means of a hydraulic adjusting motor.
  • the drive torque of the hydraulic variable displacement motor keeps the blades in the correct delivery position during operation of the axial fan.
  • the design with the hydraulic adjusting motor has the advantage that a hydraulic motor has good performance data with a comparatively low weight.
  • the restoring torque of the blades is at least partially compensated by counterweights.
  • FIG. 1 shows an axial fan with blades 11, wherein the blades 11 have a flow profile.
  • the orientation of the blades 11 on the impeller hub 10 is adjustable by rotating the blades 11 about their longitudinal axis.
  • the blades 11 are mounted on rails 12 on the impeller hub 10.
  • On the spars 12 of the blades 11, a bevel pinion 13 is arranged in each case, wherein the bevel pinion 13 engage in a bevel gear 14 with a planetary gear on the Verstellantriebswelle 15.
  • the blades are rotatable about their longitudinal axis and can be adjusted either before starting the axial fan or during operation in terms of their angle of attack.
  • the blades can also be rotated by 180 degrees, so that the conveying direction of the axial fan is reversible. It follows that the efficiency and the performance data for both directions are practically the same.
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment for the lubrication of the rotating bearings of the adjustable blades and the gears of the adjusting gear.
  • the impeller hub 10, which drives the axial fan, contains a constant oil charge. This oil is initially distributed when starting the fan in an inner chamber 16 of the impeller hub 10 and flows through the adjusting gear. In this case, a part of the oil is retained by a retaining ring 21. The part of the oil not retained by the retaining ring 21 flows through the inner hollow bearing 22. In this inner hollow bearing 22, part of the oil is retained before it reaches the outer radial hollow bearing 23 and is distributed annularly in the outer chamber 17 of the impeller hub 10. The inner chamber 16 and the outer chamber 17 of the impeller hub 10 are separated by the wall 18 from each other.
  • overflow tubes 24 In this wall 18 are overflow tubes 24.
  • the oil collects in the lower region of the impeller hub 10 and is from the outer chamber 17 through the overflow tubes 24 in the - at standstill of the rotor - lower portion of the impeller hub 10 in the inner Chamber 16 pressed.
  • the oil is then redistributed as described above.
  • FIG. 2 shows an axial fan in a plan view of a sectional view at standstill of the rotor.
  • the oil has collected in the lower region of the rotor 10.
  • the oil filling 201 is distributed in the two chambers 16 and 17. Through this oil filling 201 during transmission and beyond the gear and bearing lubrication is maintained during operation.
  • an excess amount of the oil in the inner chamber 16 is automatically returned and accumulates in the lower half of the impeller hub (10).
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment with a planetary gear. It can be seen that the lubrication described in connection with Fogur 2 can also be used if the bevel gear is driven directly by the adjusting drive shaft. This embodiment is not shown in detail.
  • the blades are pivotable in the impeller hub and stored without play.
  • the pivoting range 19 of the moving blades may be so great that the bevel gears 14 can be used to pivot the bevel gears 13 through 180 ° and more.
  • the adjustment of the orientation of the blades can be done so that when switching from forward to reverse operation and reverse direction of the electric drive motor first, the blade 11 with the airfoil by the angle ß (19) with 180 ° and more can be pivoted to the operating point for reversing (20) is reached.
  • the delivery rate of the axial fan is more than 80% of the delivery rate power in forward mode and thus almost equal to a measured characteristic of an axial fan in forward mode.
  • the capacity can be performed by the adjustable blades as in an axial fan with blade adjustment.
  • FIG. 5 shows an axial fan, which is largely the embodiment of the FIG. 1 equivalent. Identical components are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the bevel gear 14 directly driven by the Verstellantriebswelle 15 without a planetary gear is interposed (as shown in the illustration of FIG. 1 the case is).
  • the local conditions in the lubrication are also applicable to a design in which according to the representation of FIG. 5 the bevel gear 14 is directly driven by the Verstellantriebswelle 15 (without a planetary gear).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Axial-Ventilator mit Laufschaufeln nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to an axial fan with blades according to the preamble of claim 1.

Es sind derartige Axial-Ventilatoren bekannt, bei denen die Laufschaufeln ein Strömungsprofil aufweisen. Dabei ist die Orientierung der Laufschaufeln auf der Laufradnabe einstellbar, indem die Laufschaufeln um ihre Längsachse drehbar sind. Dabei sind die Laufschaufeln über Holmen an der Laufradnabe gelagert. An den Holmen der Laufschaufeln ist jeweils ein Kegelritzel angeordnet. Die Kegelritzel greifen in ein Kegelrad ein, das über eine Verstellantriebswelle antreibbar ist.There are such axial fans are known in which the blades have a flow profile. The orientation of the blades on the impeller hub is adjustable by the blades are rotatable about its longitudinal axis. The blades are mounted on spars on the impeller hub. At the spars of the blades a bevel pinion is arranged in each case. The bevel pinions engage in a bevel gear which can be driven via an adjusting drive shaft.

Hierzu wird als Stand der Technik auf die FR-PS 772,115 verwiesen. Dort ist eine Anordnung für ein Propeller-Flugzeug beschrieben, bei der die Schaufeln des Propellers in dem beschriebenen Sinne um die Längsachse drehbar sind. Dadurch soll die Förderrichtung der Luft beim Drehen des Propellers einstellbar sein. Es ist beschrieben, dass bei einer Drehung der Schaufeln des Propellers um die Längsachse der Propeller im Sinne eines Abbremsens des Flugzeugs betrieben werden kann bzw. dass mit einer entsprechenden Drehung der Schaufeln des Propellers um deren Längsachse durch den Propellerantrieb das Flugzeug rückwärtsfahren kann.This is the state of the art on the FR-PS 772,115 directed. There is described an arrangement for a propeller aircraft in which the blades of the propeller are rotatable about the longitudinal axis in the sense described. As a result, the conveying direction of the air when turning the propeller should be adjustable. It is described that during a rotation of the blades of the propeller about the longitudinal axis of the propeller in the sense of deceleration of the aircraft can be operated or that with a corresponding rotation of the blades of the propeller about its longitudinal axis by the propeller drive, the aircraft can drive backwards.

In der US-PS 4,061,440 ist ein Lüfter beschrieben, bei dem die Schaufeln des Lüfterrades ebenfalls so einstellbar sein sollen durch eine Drehung um deren Längsachse, dass der Lüfter in zwei entgegensetzte Richtungen fördern kann, abhängig von der jeweiligen Stellung der Schaufeln des Lüfterrades. Es ist weiterhin beschrieben, dass die Verstellantriebswelle mittels Hydraulikmotors antreibbar ist.In the U.S. Patent 4,061,440 a fan is described in which the blades of the fan wheel should also be adjustable by rotation about its longitudinal axis, that the fan can promote in two opposite directions, depending on the position of the blades of the fan wheel. It is further described that the adjusting drive shaft can be driven by means of a hydraulic motor.

Entsprechendes zeigt auch die US-PS 3,054,458 .The same shows the U.S. Patent 3,054,458 ,

In der EP 0 967 104 A2 ist ebenfalls ein Lüftermotor beschrieben, der zur Zuführung von Kühlluft zu einem Wärmetauscher eines Motors verwendet wird. Dieser Lüftermotor hat eine Drehzahl, die im allgemeinen direkt abhängig ist von der Drehzahl des Motors. Da der Motor bei derselben Drehzahl aber mit unterschiedlicher Last arbeiten kann, variiert auch entsprechend die Wärmemenge, die von dem Wärmetauscher bei ein und derselben Motordrehzahl abgeführt werden muss. Entsprechend besteht ein Bedarf, die Förderleistung des Lüftermotors bei ein und derselben Drehzahl unterschiedlich einstellen zu können. Dies erfolgt, indem die Schaufeln des Lüfters um ihre Längsachse drehbar sind. Durch eine Drehung der Schaufeln um ihre Längsachse lässt sich der Wirkungsgrad des Lüfters und damit die Förderleistung beeinflussen.In the EP 0 967 104 A2 Also, a fan motor is described which is used for supplying cooling air to a heat exchanger of an engine. This fan motor has one Speed, which is generally directly dependent on the speed of the motor. Since the engine can operate at the same speed but with different load, also varies according to the amount of heat that must be dissipated by the heat exchanger at the same engine speed. Accordingly, there is a need to be able to adjust the delivery rate of the fan motor at the same speed different. This is done by the blades of the fan are rotatable about its longitudinal axis. By rotating the blades about their longitudinal axis, the efficiency of the fan and thus the flow rate can be influenced.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Konstruktion eines Axial-Ventilators vorzuschlagen, mit der die Einstellbarkeit der Laufschaufeln möglichst einfach durchführbar ist.The present invention is based on the object to propose a construction of an axial fan, with the adjustability of the blades as simple as possible is feasible.

Nach der vorliegenden Erfindung kann das Kegelrad mit einem Planetengetriebe auf der Verstellantriebswelle angeordnet sein. Die Ausgestaltung erweist sich auch als vorteilhaft, wenn für die Einstellung der Rotorblätter kein Planetengetriebe verwendet wird. Das Kegelrad kann auch direkt auf der Verstellantriebswelle angeordnet sein.According to the present invention, the bevel gear can be arranged with a planetary gear on the Verstellantriebswelle. The design also proves to be advantageous if no planetary gear is used for the adjustment of the rotor blades. The bevel gear can also be arranged directly on the adjustment drive shaft.

Darüber wird das Kegelrad bewegt bzw. auch in seiner Position gehalten.In addition, the bevel gear is moved or held in its position.

Die Verstellantriebswelle ist die Ausgangswelle des Verstellmotors, über den die Orientierung der Laufschaufeln eingestellt wird. Davon zu unterscheiden ist die Antriebswelle des Antriebsmotors, über die der Axial-Ventilator in Rotation versetzt wird.The adjusting drive shaft is the output shaft of the adjusting motor, via which the orientation of the blades is adjusted. To distinguish this is the drive shaft of the drive motor, via which the axial fan is rotated.

Dabei erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, dass die Verstellung der Laufschaufeln synchronisiert erfolgt. Dadurch ergibt sich in vorteilhafter Weise ein einheitliches Strömungsbild.It proves to be advantageous that the adjustment of the blades takes place synchronized. This results in an advantageous manner a uniform flow pattern.

Durch die Konstruktion lassen sich die Laufschaufeln insbesondere auch um große Winkel drehen. Es ist konstruktionsbedingt möglich, die Laufschaufeln vollständig um 360 Grad um ihre Längsachse einstellbar zu verdrehen. Selbstverständlich lassen sich dabei auch kleinere Winkel einstellen.Due to the construction, the blades can be rotated in particular by large angles. It is by design possible to turn the blades completely 360 degrees about their longitudinal axis adjustable. Of course, smaller angles can also be set.

Dadurch wird es beispielsweise möglich, einen Reversierbetrieb des Axial-Ventilators bei optimiertem Wirkungsgrad und optimiertem Leistungsvermögen für beide (entgegengesetzte) Förderrichtungen zu erreichen (Vorwärts- und Rückwärtsbetrieb).This makes it possible, for example, to achieve a reversing operation of the axial fan with optimized efficiency and optimized performance for both (opposite) conveying directions (forward and reverse operation).

Dazu werden vorteilhaft asymmetrische und profilierte Laufschaufeln verwendet.For this asymmetric and profiled blades are advantageously used.

Diese Konstruktion kann für regelbare Ventilatoren verwendet werden, bei denen eine Laufschaufelverstellung während des Betriebes erfolgt, oder auch für Ventilatoren mit zwei Stellungen der Laufschaufeln- eine für Vorwärtsbetrieb und eine für Reversierbetrieb.This design can be used for controllable fans with blade adjustment during operation, or for fans with two positions of the blades - one for forward operation and one for reverse operation.

Bei dem Wechsel zwischen Vorwärtsbetrieb und Reversierbetrieb müssen die Ventilatoren bei Störfällen wie beispielsweise beim Auftreten von Brand, Schlagwetter und Explosion schnell reagieren und auf Reversierbetrieb umschalten, um Menschenleben zu retten. Dies gilt insbesondere für:

  • Figure imgb0001
    Bewetterung von Gruben und bei Schlagwetter
  • Figure imgb0001
    Axiale Tunnelventilatoren zur Be- und Entlüftung von Tunneln mit einer geeigneten Förderrichtung für den Brandfall
  • Figure imgb0001
    Strahlventilatoren mit je einem Betriebspunkt für Vorwärtsbetrieb und Reversierbetrieb bei Tunnel mit Gegenverkehr und entsprechende Schaltung bei Tunnelbrand.
When switching between forward operation and reversing operation, the fans must react quickly in the event of incidents such as the occurrence of fire, drizzle and explosion and switch to reversing operation in order to save human lives. This applies in particular to:
  • Figure imgb0001
    Ventilation of pits and during storm weather
  • Figure imgb0001
    Axial tunnel fans for ventilation of tunnels with a suitable direction of transport in case of fire
  • Figure imgb0001
    Jet fans, each with one operating point for forward operation and reversing operation in tunnels with oncoming traffic and corresponding circuit in tunnel fire.

Nach der vorliegenden Erfindung weist die Laufradnabe eine innere Kammer auf. In dieser inneren Kammer ist eine Ölfüllung vorhanden. Die Laufradnabe weist weiterhin eine äußere Kammer auf. Die innere Kammer und die äußere Kammer sind über mehrere Öffnungen verbunden, die jeweils ein Dichtungssystem aufweisen, das einen Teil des Öls durchlässt und einen Teil des Öls zurückhält. Durch diese Dichtungssysteme werden die Lager der Holme der Laufschaufeln zumindest im laufenden Betrieb des Axial-Ventilators geschmiert. Die äußere Kammer steht am radialinneren Endbereich mit der inneren Kammer der Laufradnabe durch Überlaufrohre in Verbindung, durch die beim Abstellen des Axial-Ventilators das Öl zumindest teilweise zurück in die innere Kammer der Laufradnabe strömt.According to the present invention, the impeller hub has an inner chamber. In this inner chamber an oil filling is present. The impeller hub further includes an outer chamber. The inner chamber and the outer chamber are connected via a plurality of openings, each having a sealing system which allows a portion of the oil to pass and retains a portion of the oil. Through these sealing systems, the bearings of the spars of the blades are lubricated at least during operation of the axial fan. The outer chamber communicates with the inner chamber of the impeller hub at the radially inner end region by overflow pipes, through which, when the axial fan is turned off, the oil at least partially flows back into the inner chamber of the impeller hub.

Vorteilhaft werden durch diese Ausgestaltung die umlaufenden Lager der Holme der Laufschaufeln sowie die Verstell-Getriebe geschmiert. Dabei ist die Laufradnabe mit einer Ölfüllung versehen. Beim Betrieb des Rotors ist das Öl gleichmäßig verteilt.Advantageously, the peripheral bearing of the spars of the blades and the adjusting gear are lubricated by this configuration. The impeller hub is provided with an oil filling. When operating the rotor, the oil is evenly distributed.

Weiterhin ist die von der Schaufelverstelleinrichtug gebildete innere Kammer der Laufradnabe gegenüber der äußeren Kammer abgedichtet, die durch den schaufelseitigen Hohlraum gebildet wird. Diese Abdichtung erfolgt durch die nur teilweise für das Öl durchlässigen Abdichtungen. Dadurch lässt sich verhindern, dass der in dieser Kammer befindliche Ölvorrat während des Betriebs des Rotors entleert und das gesamte in der inneren Kammer der Laufradnabe befindliche Öl in die äußere Kammer verdrängt wird.Furthermore, the inner chamber of the impeller hub formed by the Schaufelverstelleinrichtug is sealed against the outer chamber, which is formed by the blade-side cavity. This seal is made by only partially permeable to the oil seals. As a result, it is possible to prevent the oil reservoir located in this chamber from being emptied during the operation of the rotor and displacing the entire oil located in the inner chamber of the rotor hub into the outer chamber.

Durch die Überlaufrohre kann sich bei Stillstand des Rotors das Öl aus der äußeren Kammer in die innere Kammer entleeren und sich wieder (im Wesentlichen vollständig) in der inneren Kammer der Laufradnabe sammeln.Due to the overflow pipes, when the rotor is at a standstill, the oil can be discharged from the outer chamber into the inner chamber and collect again (essentially completely) in the inner chamber of the rotor hub.

Dadurch ist eine ausreichende Schmierung gewährleistet und die Vorrichtung vor Überhitzung geschützt.This ensures adequate lubrication and protects the device against overheating.

Bei der Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 2 erfolgt die Einstellung der Orientierung der Laufschaufeln mittels eines hydraulischen Verstellmotors. Das Antriebsmoment des hydraulischen Verstellmotors hält die Laufschaufeln während des Betriebs des Axial-Ventilators in der richtigen Förderstellung.In the embodiment according to claim 2, the adjustment of the orientation of the blades takes place by means of a hydraulic adjusting motor. The drive torque of the hydraulic variable displacement motor keeps the blades in the correct delivery position during operation of the axial fan.

Die Ausgestaltung mit dem hydraulischen Verstellmotor hat den Vorteil, dass ein hydraulischer Motor gute Leistungsdaten aufweist bei einem vergleichsweise geringen Gewicht.The design with the hydraulic adjusting motor has the advantage that a hydraulic motor has good performance data with a comparatively low weight.

Bei der Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 3 wird das Rückstellmoment der Laufschaufeln zumindest teilweise durch Ausgleichsgewichte kompensiert.In the embodiment according to claim 3, the restoring torque of the blades is at least partially compensated by counterweights.

Vorteilhaft wird dadurch der Verstellmotor entlastet, so dass dieser die erforderlichen Kräfte zur Einstellung der Orientierung der Laufschaufeln während des Betriebs des Axial-Ventilators nicht allein aufbringen muss.Advantageously, this relieves the adjustment motor so that it does not have to apply the required forces for adjusting the orientation of the rotor blades during operation of the axial fan alone.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt. Es zeigt dabei:

Fig. 1:
einen Axial-Ventilator mit Laufschaufeln,
Fig. 2:
einen Axial-Ventilator in einer Draufsicht auf eine Schnittdarstellung bei Stillstand des Rotors,
Fig. 3:
die Lagerung der Laufschaufeln in der Laufradnabe,
Fig. 4:
ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Einstellung der Orientierung der Laufschaufeln und
Fig. 5:
einen Axial-Ventilator, bei dem im Unterschied zur Darstellung der Figur 1 das Kegelrad direkt von der Verstellantriebswelle angetrieben wird.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1:
an axial fan with blades,
Fig. 2:
an axial fan in a plan view of a sectional view at standstill of the rotor,
3:
the bearing of the blades in the impeller hub,
4:
an embodiment for adjusting the orientation of the blades and
Fig. 5:
an axial fan, in contrast to the representation of the FIG. 1 the bevel gear is driven directly by the adjusting drive shaft.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Axial-Ventilator mit Laufschaufeln 11, wobei die Laufschaufeln 11 ein Strömungsprofil aufweisen. Die Orientierung der Laufschaufeln 11 auf der Laufradnabe 10 ist einstellbar, indem die Laufschaufeln 11 um ihre Längsachse drehbar sind. Die Laufschaufeln 11 sind über Holme 12 an der Laufradnabe 10 gelagert. An den Holmen 12 der Laufschaufeln 11 ist jeweils ein Kegelritzel 13 angeordnet, wobei die Kegelritzel 13 in ein Kegelrad 14 mit einem Planetengetriebe auf der Verstellantriebswelle 15 eingreifen. FIG. 1 shows an axial fan with blades 11, wherein the blades 11 have a flow profile. The orientation of the blades 11 on the impeller hub 10 is adjustable by rotating the blades 11 about their longitudinal axis. The blades 11 are mounted on rails 12 on the impeller hub 10. On the spars 12 of the blades 11, a bevel pinion 13 is arranged in each case, wherein the bevel pinion 13 engage in a bevel gear 14 with a planetary gear on the Verstellantriebswelle 15.

Dadurch sind die Laufschaufeln um ihre Längsachse drehbar und können entweder vor dem Anfahren des Axial-Ventilators oder auch im laufenden Betrieb hinsichtlich ihres Anstellwinkels eingestellt werden. Insbesondere können die Laufschaufeln auch um 180 Grad gedreht werden, so dass die Förderrichtung des Axial-Ventilators umkehrbar ist. Dabei ergibt sich, dass der Wirkungsgrad und die Leistungsdaten für beide Förderrichtungen praktisch gleich sind.As a result, the blades are rotatable about their longitudinal axis and can be adjusted either before starting the axial fan or during operation in terms of their angle of attack. In particular, the blades can also be rotated by 180 degrees, so that the conveying direction of the axial fan is reversible. It follows that the efficiency and the performance data for both directions are practically the same.

Weiterhin zeigt die Figur 1 eine Ausgestaltung zur Schmierung der umlaufenden Lager der verstellbaren Laufschaufeln sowie der Zahnräder der Verstell-Getriebe. Dabei enthält die Laufradnabe 10, die den Axial-Ventilator antreibt, eine konstante Ölfüllung. Dieses Öl wird beim Anlaufen des Ventilators zunächst in einer inneren Kammer 16 der Laufradnabe 10 verteilt und durchströmt das Verstell-Getriebe. Dabei wird ein Teil des Öls durch einen Haltering 21 zurückgehalten. Der nicht durch den Haltering 21 zurückgehaltene Teil des Öls durchströmt das innere Holmlager 22. In diesem inneren Holmlager 22 wird wiederum ein Teil des Öls zurückgehalten, bevor es das äußere radiale Holmlager 23 erreicht und sich in der äußeren Kammer 17 der Laufradnabe 10 ringförmig verteilt. Die innere Kammer 16 und die äußere Kammer 17 der Laufradnabe 10 sind durch die Wand 18 voneinander getrennt.Furthermore, the shows FIG. 1 an embodiment for the lubrication of the rotating bearings of the adjustable blades and the gears of the adjusting gear. The impeller hub 10, which drives the axial fan, contains a constant oil charge. This oil is initially distributed when starting the fan in an inner chamber 16 of the impeller hub 10 and flows through the adjusting gear. In this case, a part of the oil is retained by a retaining ring 21. The part of the oil not retained by the retaining ring 21 flows through the inner hollow bearing 22. In this inner hollow bearing 22, part of the oil is retained before it reaches the outer radial hollow bearing 23 and is distributed annularly in the outer chamber 17 of the impeller hub 10. The inner chamber 16 and the outer chamber 17 of the impeller hub 10 are separated by the wall 18 from each other.

In dieser Wand 18 befinden sich Überlaufrohre 24. Bei Stillstand des Rotors sammelt sich das Öl im unteren Bereich der Laufradnabe 10 und wird aus der äußeren Kammer 17 durch die Überlaufrohre 24 in dem - bei Stillstand des Rotors - unteren Bereich der Laufradnabe 10 in die innere Kammer 16 gedrückt. Bei einem Wiederanlaufen des Rotors wird das Öl dann wieder verteilt wie oben beschrieben.In this wall 18 are overflow tubes 24. When the rotor is stopped, the oil collects in the lower region of the impeller hub 10 and is from the outer chamber 17 through the overflow tubes 24 in the - at standstill of the rotor - lower portion of the impeller hub 10 in the inner Chamber 16 pressed. When restarting the rotor, the oil is then redistributed as described above.

Es sind weiterhin noch Ausgleichsgewichte 25 zu sehen. Diese Ausgleichsgewichte wirken einem Rückstellmoment der Schaufeln 11 entgegen. Dadurch wird der Verstellantriebsmotor sowie auch das Verstellgetriebe entlastet, die sonst im laufenden Betrieb des Rotors die Kräfte zur Kompensation der Rückstellmomente der Schaufeln 11 aufbringen müssten.There are still balancing weights 25 to see. These balance weights counteract a restoring moment of the blades 11. As a result, the adjustment drive motor as well as the adjusting gear is relieved, which would otherwise have to apply the forces for compensating the restoring moments of the blades 11 during operation of the rotor.

Figur 2 zeigt einen Axial-Ventilator in einer Draufsicht auf eine Schnittdarstellung bei Stillstand des Rotors. Dabei hat sich das Öl im unteren Bereich des Rotors 10 gesammelt Die Ölfüllung 201 ist in die beiden Kammern 16 und 17 verteilt. Durch diese Ölfüllung 201 wird während des Anfahrens und darüber hinaus die Getriebe- und Lagerschmierung während des Betriebes aufrechterhalten. Beim Abschalten des Axial-Ventilators wird eine Überschussmenge des Öls in die innere Kammer 16 automatisch zurückgeführt und sammelt sich in der unteren Hälfte der Laufradnabe (10). FIG. 2 shows an axial fan in a plan view of a sectional view at standstill of the rotor. In this case, the oil has collected in the lower region of the rotor 10. The oil filling 201 is distributed in the two chambers 16 and 17. Through this oil filling 201 during transmission and beyond the gear and bearing lubrication is maintained during operation. When the axial fan is switched off, an excess amount of the oil in the inner chamber 16 is automatically returned and accumulates in the lower half of the impeller hub (10).

Die Darstellung der Figur 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem Planetengertriebe. Es ist ersichtlich, dass die im Zusammenhang mit Fogur 2 beschriebene Schmierung auch dann einsetzbar ist, wenn das Kegelrad direkt von der Verstellantriebswelle angetrieben wird. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel ist im Einzelnen nicht näher dargestellt.The presentation of the FIG. 2 shows an embodiment with a planetary gear. It can be seen that the lubrication described in connection with Fogur 2 can also be used if the bevel gear is driven directly by the adjusting drive shaft. This embodiment is not shown in detail.

Entsprechend der Darstellung der Figur 3 sind die Laufschaufeln in der Laufradnabe schwenkbar und spielfrei gelagert.According to the presentation of the FIG. 3 the blades are pivotable in the impeller hub and stored without play.

Der Schwenkbereich 19 der Laufschaufeln kann so groß sein, dass über das Kegelrad 14 die Kegelritzel 13 um 180° und mehr geschwenkt werden können.The pivoting range 19 of the moving blades may be so great that the bevel gears 14 can be used to pivot the bevel gears 13 through 180 ° and more.

In der Darstellung der Figur 3 ist mit dem Pfeil 301 die Drehrichtung bezeichnet und mit dem Pfeil 302 die Strömungsrichtung.In the presentation of the FIG. 3 is designated by the arrow 301, the direction of rotation and the arrow 302, the flow direction.

Entsprechend der Darstellung der Figur 4 kann die Einstellung der Orientierung der Laufschaufeln derart erfolgen, dass bei Umschalten von Vorwärts- auf Rückwärtsbetrieb und Drehrichtungsumkehr des elektrischen Antriebsmotors zuerst die Laufschaufel 11 mit dem Strömungsprofil um den Winkel ß (19) mit 180° und mehr geschwenkt werden kann bis der Betriebspunkt für Reversierbetrieb (20) erreicht ist.According to the presentation of the FIG. 4 the adjustment of the orientation of the blades can be done so that when switching from forward to reverse operation and reverse direction of the electric drive motor first, the blade 11 with the airfoil by the angle ß (19) with 180 ° and more can be pivoted to the operating point for reversing (20) is reached.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass in dem Reversierbetrieb die Fördermengen-Leistung des Axial-Ventilators mehr als 80% der Fördermengen-Leistung im Vorwärtsbetrieb ist und damit einem gemessenen Kennfeld eines Axial-Ventilators im Vorwärtsbetrieb nahezu gleichkommt. Die Förderleistung kann durch die verstellbaren Laufschaufeln wie bei einem Axial-Ventilator mit Laufschaufelverstellung ausgeführt werden.It has been found that in the reversing operation, the delivery rate of the axial fan is more than 80% of the delivery rate power in forward mode and thus almost equal to a measured characteristic of an axial fan in forward mode. The capacity can be performed by the adjustable blades as in an axial fan with blade adjustment.

In der Darstellung der Figur 4 ist mit dem Pfeil 401 die Drehrichtung bezeichnet und mit dem Pfeil 402 die Strömungsrichtung.In the presentation of the FIG. 4 is indicated by the arrow 401, the direction of rotation and the arrow 402, the flow direction.

Figur 5 zeigt einen Axial-Ventilator, der weitgehend dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 1 entspricht. Gleiche Bauteile sind mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Im Unterschied zur Darstellung der Figur 1 wird in dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 5 das Kegelrad 14 direkt von der Verstellantriebswelle 15 angetrieben, ohne dass ein Planetengetriebe zwischengeschaltet ist (wie dies in der Darstellung der Figur 1 der Fall ist). FIG. 5 shows an axial fan, which is largely the embodiment of the FIG. 1 equivalent. Identical components are provided with the same reference numerals. In contrast to the representation of the FIG. 1 is in the embodiment of FIG. 5 the bevel gear 14 directly driven by the Verstellantriebswelle 15 without a planetary gear is interposed (as shown in the illustration of FIG. 1 the case is).

Wie im Zusammenhang mit Figur 2 erläutert, sind die dortigen Verhältnisse bei der Schmierung auch bei einer Ausgestaltung anwendbar, bei der entsprechend der Darstellung der Figur 5 das Kegelrad 14 direkt von der Verstellantriebswelle 15 (ohne ein Planetengetriebe) angetrieben wird.As related to FIG. 2 explained, the local conditions in the lubrication are also applicable to a design in which according to the representation of FIG. 5 the bevel gear 14 is directly driven by the Verstellantriebswelle 15 (without a planetary gear).

Claims (3)

  1. Axial fan with rotor blades (11), wherein the rotor blades (11) comprise a flow profile, wherein the orientation of the rotor blades (11) on the rotor hub (10) is adjustable in that the rotor blades (11) are rotatable around their longitudinal axis, wherein the rotor blades (11) are mounted on the rotor hub (10) via struts (12), wherein a bevel pinion (13) is respectively arranged on the struts (12) of the rotor blades (11), wherein the bevel pinions (13) engage with a bevel gear (14), which can be driven via an adjustable drive shaft (15),
    characterized in that the rotor hub (10) comprises an inner chamber (16), wherein an oil filling (201) is present in the inner chamber (16), wherein the rotor hub (10) further comprises an outer chamber (17), wherein the inner chamber (16) and the outer chamber (17) are connected via multiple openings, which respectively comprise a sealing system, which permits through a portion of the oil and holds back a portion of the oil, wherein, through these sealing systems, the bearings (22, 23) of the struts (12) of the rotor blades (11) are lubricated at least during the operation of the axial fan, wherein the outer chamber (17), at the radially inner end region, is in connection with the inner chamber (16) of the rotor hub (10) via overflow pipes (24), through which, when shutting down the axial fan, the oil at least partially flows back into the inner chamber (16) of the rotor hub (10).
  2. Axial fan according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the adjustment of the orientation of the rotor blades (11) occurs by means of a hydraulic adjustable motor, wherein the drive torque of the hydraulic adjustable motor keeps the rotor blades (11) in the correct conveying position during the operation of the axial fan.
  3. Axial fan according to claim 2,
    characterized in that the restoring torque of the rotor blades (11) is at least partially compensated for via counterweights (25).
EP13759430.5A 2012-08-06 2013-08-06 Axial fan Active EP2932104B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13759430T PL2932104T3 (en) 2012-08-06 2013-08-06 Axial fan

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201210015358 DE102012015358A1 (en) 2012-08-06 2012-08-06 Axial flow fan, has bevel pinion arranged at spars of moving blades and engaged with bevel gears and planetary gears on adjustable drive shaft, where restoring moment of moving blades is partially compensated by balance weights
DE201320100976 DE202013100976U1 (en) 2012-08-06 2013-03-06 Axial Fan
PCT/DE2013/100283 WO2014023299A1 (en) 2012-08-06 2013-08-06 Axial fan

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2932104A1 EP2932104A1 (en) 2015-10-21
EP2932104B1 true EP2932104B1 (en) 2018-10-10

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ID=49754503

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13759430.5A Active EP2932104B1 (en) 2012-08-06 2013-08-06 Axial fan

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2932104B1 (en)
DE (2) DE102012015358A1 (en)
PL (1) PL2932104T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2014023299A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110331248B (en) * 2019-08-09 2022-04-15 天津燃洁斯工业设备有限公司 Energy-saving regulation and control method for combustion fan of blast furnace hot blast stove

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR772115A (en) * 1934-04-20 1934-10-23 Variable pitch propeller adjustable in motion
US3054458A (en) * 1959-07-11 1962-09-18 Marsico Corrado Variable pitch fan
FR2309744A1 (en) * 1975-04-30 1976-11-26 Ratier Sa Forest VARIATION CONTROL DEVICE OF THE BLADE OF A FAN
EP0967104A3 (en) * 1998-06-17 2001-03-21 Baruffaldi S.p.A. Apparatus with directable blades for conveying air to radiators of motor vehicles and the like

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2932104A1 (en) 2015-10-21
WO2014023299A1 (en) 2014-02-13
PL2932104T3 (en) 2019-03-29
DE102012015358A1 (en) 2014-02-06
DE202013100976U1 (en) 2013-11-13

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