EP2929143A1 - Pressurised fluid sampler for monitoring geological storage of gas - Google Patents

Pressurised fluid sampler for monitoring geological storage of gas

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Publication number
EP2929143A1
EP2929143A1 EP13805449.9A EP13805449A EP2929143A1 EP 2929143 A1 EP2929143 A1 EP 2929143A1 EP 13805449 A EP13805449 A EP 13805449A EP 2929143 A1 EP2929143 A1 EP 2929143A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
piston
fluid
sampling
elastic element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13805449.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2929143B1 (en
Inventor
Bruno Garcia
Miguel Garcia
Claudio FERNANDES-MARTO
Virgile Rouchon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN filed Critical IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Priority to PL13805449T priority Critical patent/PL2929143T3/en
Publication of EP2929143A1 publication Critical patent/EP2929143A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2929143B1 publication Critical patent/EP2929143B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/087—Well testing, e.g. testing for reservoir productivity or formation parameters
    • E21B49/088—Well testing, e.g. testing for reservoir productivity or formation parameters combined with sampling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/081—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells with down-hole means for trapping a fluid sample

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of the exploitation of underground environment, such as the exploitation of a gas tank (storage / withdrawal of gas, gas exploitation) and the monitoring of these operations (contamination of operations on aquifers).
  • the invention relates to the field of geological site monitoring of gas storage, such as carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) or methane.
  • the invention relates to fluid sampling devices, and more particularly to a device for sampling fluids under pressure in a well, a pipe, tube, pipe or the like.
  • Fluids in wells often need to be removed to determine their composition, in order to characterize the geological reservoirs reached by the well. This is particularly the case for geological site monitoring of gas storage.
  • sampler For sampling fluids under pressure in a well drilled through a geological formation.
  • sampler For sampling fluids under pressure in a well drilled through a geological formation.
  • FTS Flow Through Sampler
  • US594561 1A discloses a device for sampling fluids under pressure in a pipe, pipe, conduit or the like.
  • This device comprises a plurality of pistons, a body having a common passage, wherein said pistons are slidably mounted, a lateral inlet and a lateral outlet located inside said passageway and communicating with the pipeline, said orifices inlet and outlet located so that the movement of the pistons can cover and discover said inlet and outlet ports.
  • Patent US5896926 discloses a subterranean aquifer fluid sampling device in situ in a static condition without disturbing the environment but comprising a "packer” for isolating the sampling system with the zone situated above it and a pumping system in situ in said sampler to "suck" the fluid into the sampling chamber.
  • the object of the invention relates to a device for sampling pressurized fluids from a well, making it possible to sample a fluid under pressure by ensuring a complete filling of a sampling chamber, and a transfer of the fluid out of the chamber by controlling the pressure.
  • the device comprises firstly a piston controlled by a spring bathed in an oil chamber to sample the fluid, and secondly, a second piston for expelling the fluid during transfer.
  • the device is held in the open or closed position by the compressed spring housed in the chamber filled with oil.
  • the oil contained in the chamber of the spring makes it possible to dampen the decompression effect and to perform the sampling smoothly.
  • the device allows the recovery of sampled fluid through the mechanical action of a solid piston through a manual valve.
  • This design eliminates mercury systems or fluid piston system, and recover all or part of the fluid under controlled pressure conditions.
  • this design eliminates a clearing chamber and an oil chamber as used in almost all known samplers.
  • the invention relates to a device for sampling fluids under pressure from a well, comprising a sampling chamber (01) defining a internal volume for receiving the fluid, a body (10, 03, 08) surmounting said sample chamber, circulation means for circulating the fluid in said chamber, holding means for holding the fluid in said chamber, and transfer means for transferring the fluid out of said chamber.
  • the holding means comprise a first piston (05) adapted to allow or prohibit the entry of fluid into the lower part of the chamber (01), the first piston being displaced by means comprising an elastic element (20) placed in a room filled with oil;
  • the transfer means comprise means for controlling the descent of a second piston (02) from the upper part to the lower part of the chamber, so that the fluid remains at constant pressure in the chamber (01).
  • the first piston (05) can be connected to the elastic element (20) by a rectilinear element (04, 07), so that when the elastic element (20) is compressed, the rectilinear element pushes the first piston (05) out of a sampling chamber (01) allowing a fluid to enter the sampling chamber (01). And when the elastic element (20) is expanded, the rectilinear element cooperates with the second piston (02) to seal the sampling chamber (01) in its upper part, and the rectilinear element goes back first. piston (05) for sealingly closing the sampling chamber (01) in its lower part.
  • the rectilinear element comprises a rod (04), the second piston (02) has a central orifice allowing an upper part of the rod (04) to slide, and allowing a tight closure with a lower part. of the rod (04), the diameter of the lower part of the rod (04) being greater than that of the upper part.
  • the sampling chamber (01) can be closed in its lower part by a nozzle (06) provided with at least a first orifice, the nozzle (06) having a length allowing the first piston (05) to enter a fluid in the sampling chamber (01) via the first port, when the elastic member (20) is compressed.
  • the circulation means may comprise at least a first fluid outlet orifice in the upper part of the chamber and at least a second orifice on the end piece (06).
  • the body (10, 03, 08) may comprise at least one tube (10, 03, 08), the body comprising the elastic element (20) and means (07, 22, 09, 23) for expanding or compressing the tube.
  • elastic element (20) The means (07, 22, 09, 23) for expanding or compressing the elastic element (20) may comprise a slotted shell (09) slidably mounted in the body (10, 03, 08) and cooperating with a handle (23) for compressing or releasing the elastic member (20).
  • the means (07, 22, 09, 23) for expanding or compressing the elastic element (20) can be connected to an electric motor or a clock (24).
  • the electric motor or the clock (24) can be positioned in a tube (1 1) having a needle valve (26) and a high pressure connection to fill the chamber of the elastic member (20) with oil.
  • the elastic member (20) may be a spring or a set of Belleville washers.
  • a transfer piston (12) can be mounted so as to push the second piston (02), the transfer piston (12) being hollow and adapted so that the rod (04) slides on the inside.
  • the tip (06) can be removed from said sampling chamber (01), and replace with a nozzle (13) without an orifice for maintaining said first piston (05) within said chamber.
  • the first piston (05) can be equipped with a needle valve (25) and a high pressure connection for discharging the fluid out of the sampling chamber (01).
  • the invention also relates to a use of the device according to one of the preceding claims, in which a monitoring of the exploitation of an underground geological site by sampling of fluid under pressure by means of a monitoring well, characterized in what we do the following steps:
  • the handle is actuated so as to compress the elastic element
  • the device is lowered, in the "open” position, in the monitoring well, by means of a cable attached to the upper part of the device;
  • the device is left in the "open" position for a determined duration
  • the handle is actuated so as to release the elastic element, the device moving into the "closed” position;
  • the operation of an underground geological site may consist of the monitoring of a C0 2 geological storage site, or the monitoring of a natural gas storage / removal site, or the monitoring of a site exploitation of shale gas.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the device in the "open" position.
  • the figure on the right is a section along the A-A axis of the figure on the left.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the device in the "closed" position.
  • the figure of the middle is a section along the axis B-B of the figure on the left, and the figure on the right is a section along the axis C-C of the middle figure.
  • FIG. 5 represents the upper part of the device
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the position in "transfer" mode.
  • the figure of the middle is a section along the axis A-A of the figure on the left with the chamber filled with fluid, and the figure on the right is a section along the axis A-A of the figure on the left with the chamber emptied.
  • FIGS 8, 9 and 10 illustrate 3D views of the device.
  • the device according to the invention for withdrawing fluids under pressure is based on the principle of so-called FTS (Flow Through Sampler) samplers, in which the well liquid circulates freely inside the device.
  • FTS Flow Through Sampler
  • FIG. 1 to 10 illustrates the device according to the invention for drawing fluids under pressure.
  • the device comprises at least: a sampling chamber (01)
  • Transfer means for transferring fluid out of said chamber
  • the holding means comprise a first piston (05) adapted to allow or prohibit the entry of fluid into the lower part of said chamber (01), said first piston being moved by means comprising an elastic element (20) placed in a chamber filled with oil within said body and connected to said piston by a rod (04).
  • the transfer means comprise means for controlling the descent of a second piston (02) from the upper part to the lower part of said chamber, so that said fluid remains at constant pressure in said chamber (01) .
  • Figure 1 illustrates the device in the "open” position.
  • the figure on the right is a section along the A-A axis of the figure on the left.
  • Figure 2 shows the lower part of the device.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the device in the "closed” position.
  • the figure of the middle is a section along the axis B-B of the figure on the left, and the figure on the right is a section along the axis C-C of the middle figure.
  • Figure 4 shows the central part of the device.
  • the device according to the invention comprises ( Figure 1) a sampling chamber (01). This chamber has the function of receiving the pressurized fluid (in background condition).
  • the sampling chamber may comprise a shell (01) defining an internal volume for receiving the fluid.
  • the lower part of the chamber (01) can be screwed into a lower nozzle (06) having at least one orifice to let in the fluid.
  • the upper part of the chamber (01) is screwed into a body (10, 03, 08).
  • the chamber also has an orifice in its upper part, so as to circulate the fluid within the chamber: the fluid enters through the lower opening of the chamber, or through the orifice of the lower nozzle (06), and spring at the orifice of the chamber in its upper part.
  • the body comprises a chamber filled with oil in which a resilient element (20) is embedded.
  • This elastic element may be a spring or a set of washers Beautiful city. It is connected via a spacer (07) and a rod (04) to a lower piston (05).
  • This piston (05) is adapted to allow or prohibit the entry of the fluid under pressure into the lower part of the chamber (01). To do this, in the high position, the piston (05) is positioned at least partially in the chamber (01), at its lower end, it mouth the inlet tightly (the piston has joints for example). In the low position, the piston leaves the chamber (01), allowing the fluid to enter. When the chamber (01) is provided with a lower nozzle (06), this nozzle (06) has a length allowing the lower piston (5) out of the chamber, and thus, to let a fluid into the chamber sampling (01) via the orifice.
  • the rod (04) pushes (with the spacer (07)) the lower piston (05) out of the sampling chamber (01). ) so as to allow a fluid to enter the chamber.
  • the rod (04) raises the lower piston (05) to seal the sampling chamber (01) in its lower part.
  • the lower piston (05) can be equipped with a needle valve (25) and a high pressure connection for discharging the fluid from the sampling chamber (01). when the device is reassembled, and that the fluid sample must be analyzed.
  • a second piston (02), said upper piston, is positioned in the chamber (01) at its upper end when the fluid is not transferred out of the chamber.
  • This upper piston (02) is adapted to slide in the chamber, from one end to another. It has a central orifice, allowing an upper part of the rod (04) to slide, and allowing a tight closure with a lower part of the rod (04), the diameter of the lower part of the rod (04) being greater to that of the upper part.
  • the rod (04) cooperates with the upper piston (02) to seal said sampling chamber (01) in its upper part.
  • the rod (04) has a shoulder which closes the hole of the upper piston (02).
  • This upper piston (02) can be locked by appropriate locking screws (27).
  • the chamber can be closed at its upper part by a body member (10, 03, 08), called the connecting tube (10).
  • This junction tube is attached to an upper tube (08) via another tube (03).
  • the upper tube (08) comprises the elastic element (20) and means (07, 22, 09, 23) for relaxing or compressing it.
  • These means include: - a spring support spacer (07) with a stud (21) and its nuts (22);
  • Figure 5 shows the upper part of the device.
  • the means (07, 22, 09, 23) for expanding or compressing said elastic member (20) are connected to an electric motor or clock (24).
  • This motor part is located in a housing tube (1 1), which is fixed to the body (10, 03, 08), at the upper tube (08).
  • This motor portion is surmounted by a hooked part (14) to be able to attach the device to a cable and down into a well.
  • the motor or the clock cooperates with the handle by means of an axis.
  • the housing tube (1 1) is equipped with a needle valve (26) and a high pressure connection to fill the spring chamber with oil.
  • the device according to the invention comprises closing aid means (not shown) for discharging from the chamber (01) a portion of the fluid removed, during the ascent of the lower piston (05), so as to that the fluid does not hinder the closure.
  • the fluid under pressure circulates freely within the sampling chamber (01).
  • the spring (20) is armed and maintained at a certain level (80% for example) of its compression by a handle (23) connected to the axis of the motor (or clock).
  • the lower piston (05) is in the low position.
  • the well fluid thus circulates freely through the sampling chamber (during the descent of the sampler in the well, for example).
  • the fluid passes through the orifices of the nozzle (06), the fluid rises in the chamber and passes between the rod (04) and the upper piston (02).
  • a set of holes and openings allows the fluid to flow through the orifices (oblong openings) of the ferrule (01).
  • the shaded areas in Figure 6 indicate the presence of the fluid.
  • the orifices (oblong openings) of the chamber (01) and the tip (06) are equipped with a grid (with a mesh of 80 ⁇ for example) for sieving the solid particles of the fluid.
  • the spring (20) is released.
  • the handle (23) turns and as soon as it has 1 ⁇ 4 turn, it is found at the opening of the shell (09).
  • the spring (20) is then released and relaxes carrying with it: the spacer (07), the rod (04) and the lower piston (05). As the chamber of the spring is filled with oil, this rise is done smoothly and does not disturb the fluid taken.
  • the piston (05) is found in the lower part of the shell (01) and sealing is provided in the lower part of the sampling chamber.
  • the rod (04) which seals on the upper piston (02) thanks to the larger diameter at the base of the rod.
  • the fluid sample is insulated and sealed. The sampler can be raised to the surface.
  • a surface operator operates the electric motor (24) at the desired time.
  • This motor turns the handle (23).
  • a clock embedded and autonomous activates the handle (23) at the date and time programmed.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the position in "transfer” mode.
  • the figure of the middle is a section along the axis A-A of the figure on the left with the chamber filled with fluid
  • the figure on the right is a section along the axis A-A of the figure on the left with the chamber emptied.
  • FIGS 8, 9 and 10 illustrate 3D views of the device.
  • the invention also relates to a method of monitoring the exploitation of an underground geological site. It can be:
  • the use of the device according to the invention for carrying out monitoring of the operation of an underground geological site by sampling fluid under pressure by means of a monitoring well, then comprises the following steps:
  • the handle is actuated so as to compress the elastic element
  • the device is lowered, in the "open” position, in the monitoring well, by means of a cable attached to the upper part of the device;
  • the device is left in the "open" position for a determined duration
  • the handle is actuated so as to release the elastic element, the device moving into the "closed” position;
  • analyzes of the collected fluid are carried out such as: analysis of cationic and anionic aqueous species, analysis of so-called “trace” elements, analyzes of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, analyzes of dissolved gases (major and rare gases).
  • This device has the advantage of being able to be lowered into the open position in the underground environment, so as to overcome the problems of opening in the underground environment and to allow complete filling of the sampling chamber.
  • the set of analyzes is interpreted and makes it possible to determine in particular whether a leakage of C0 2 is present at the storage site and what type of leakage is involved.
  • a surface operator operates the electric motor (24) at the desired time. This motor turns the handle (23).
  • An on-board, stand-alone clock activates the handle (23) at the scheduled date and time.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

- A device for sampling pressurised fluids from a borehole. - The device comprises: -means for holding fluid in a sampling chamber (01), comprising a first piston (05) designed to allow or prevent fluid from entering the lower portion of the chamber, said first piston being moved by means comprising a flexible element (20) placed in a chamber filled with oil and connected to the piston by a rod (04); - means for transferring the sampled fluid, making it possible to control the lowering of a second piston (02) from the upper portion to the lower portion of the chamber, such that the fluid remains at a constant pressure in the chamber (01) during the transfer.

Description

PRÉLEVEUR DE FLUIDE SOUS PRESSION POUR LA SURVEILLANCE DE STOCKAGE  PRESSURIZED FLUID PREDENSER FOR STORAGE MONITORING
GEOLOGIQUE DE GAZ  GEOLOGICAL OF GAS
L'invention concerne le domaine technique de l'exploitation de milieu souterrain, telle l'exploitation de réservoir de gaz (stockage/soutirage de gaz, exploitation de gaz) et la surveillance de ces opérations (contamination des opérations sur les aquifères). Notamment l'invention concerne le domaine de la surveillance de site géologique de stockage de gaz, tel que le dioxyde de carbone (C02) ou le méthane. The invention relates to the technical field of the exploitation of underground environment, such as the exploitation of a gas tank (storage / withdrawal of gas, gas exploitation) and the monitoring of these operations (contamination of operations on aquifers). In particular, the invention relates to the field of geological site monitoring of gas storage, such as carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) or methane.
En particulier, l'invention concerne les dispositifs d'échantillonnage de fluides, et plus particulièrement un dispositif de prélèvement de fluides sous pression dans un puits, une canalisation, tube, conduit ou équivalent.  In particular, the invention relates to fluid sampling devices, and more particularly to a device for sampling fluids under pressure in a well, a pipe, tube, pipe or the like.
Des fluides présents dans des puits ont souvent besoin d'être prélevés pour déterminer leur composition, afin de caractériser les réservoirs géologiques atteints par le puits. C'est notamment le cas pour la surveillance de site géologique de stockage de gaz.  Fluids in wells often need to be removed to determine their composition, in order to characterize the geological reservoirs reached by the well. This is particularly the case for geological site monitoring of gas storage.
Pour suivre l'évolution des fluides injectés au sein d'un milieu poreux, de nombreuses techniques ont été développées par les industriels.  To follow the evolution of fluids injected into a porous medium, many techniques have been developed by manufacturers.
On connaît par exemple des méthodes de surveillance géochimique de sites de stockage géologique de C02, basées sur l'étude des espèces volatiles. Ces méthodes sont décrites dans FR 2.972.758 (6283) et FR 2.974.358 (6297) For example, methods of geochemical monitoring of C0 2 geological storage sites based on the study of volatile species are known. These methods are described in FR 2.972.758 (6283) and FR 2.974.358 (6297).
Ces méthodes s'appliquent principalement au niveau de deux compartiments :  These methods mainly apply to two compartments:
- au niveau du réservoir/aquifères salins où l'objectif principal est de quantifier le C02 dissous et précipité et donc d'établir un réel bilan de masse ; - at the level of the reservoir / saline aquifers where the main objective is to quantify the C0 2 dissolved and precipitated and thus to establish a real mass balance;
- au niveau des aquifères sus-jacents à la roche de couverture ("cap-rock") où l'objectif principal est de diagnostiquer une fuite le plus précocement possible.  - at the aquifers above the cap-rock, where the main objective is to diagnose a leak as early as possible.
Pour mettre en œuvre ces méthodes, il est donc nécessaire de disposer d'un dispositif de prélèvement de fluides sous pression dans un puits foré à travers une formation géologique. Un tel dispositif est appelé échantillonneur ou préleveur.  To implement these methods, it is therefore necessary to have a device for sampling fluids under pressure in a well drilled through a geological formation. Such a device is called sampler or sampler.
On connaît des échantillonneurs dits FTS (Flow Through Sampler), permettant d'obtenir des échantillons de fluide à partir d'un puits foré à travers une formation géologique. Un tel dispositif, se compose d'une chambre à échantillon avec une soupape à ressort à chaque extrémité. Un mécanisme de verrouillage relie les vannes et les maintient ensemble ouvertes. Au-dessus de la chambre, il existe une horloge pour programmer l'heure de fermeture, et un mécanisme de déclenchement pour libérer les vannes. L'extrémité inférieure a des moyens pour permettre au fluide de pénétrer. Au sommet, il y a une prise de câble pour fixer le câble. So-called FTS (Flow Through Sampler) samplers are known, making it possible to obtain fluid samples from a well drilled through a geological formation. Such a device consists of a sample chamber with a spring valve at each end. A locking mechanism connects the valves and holds them together open. Above the chamber, there is a clock to program the closing time, and a trigger mechanism to release the valves. The end lower means for allowing the fluid to penetrate. At the top, there is a cable outlet to secure the cable.
On connaît du brevet US594561 1 A un dispositif de prélèvement de fluides sous pression dans une canalisation, tuyau, conduit ou analogue. Ce dispositif comprend une pluralité de pistons, un corps ayant un passage commun, dans lequel lesdits pistons sont montés coulissants, une entrée latérale et un orifice de sortie latéral situé à l'intérieur de ladite voie de passage et communiquant avec le pipeline, lesdits orifices d'entrée et de sortie situés de telle sorte que le mouvement des pistons peut couvrir et découvrir lesdits orifices d'entrée et de sortie.  US594561 1A discloses a device for sampling fluids under pressure in a pipe, pipe, conduit or the like. This device comprises a plurality of pistons, a body having a common passage, wherein said pistons are slidably mounted, a lateral inlet and a lateral outlet located inside said passageway and communicating with the pipeline, said orifices inlet and outlet located so that the movement of the pistons can cover and discover said inlet and outlet ports.
On connaît du brevet US5896926 un dispositif de prélèvement de fluides d'aquifère souterrain in situ en condition statique sans perturbé l'environnant mais comportant un "packer" pour isoler le système de prélèvement avec la zone située au-dessus de lui ainsi qu'un système de pompage in situ dans ledit préleveur pour "aspirer" le fluide dans la chambre d'échantillonnage.  Patent US5896926 discloses a subterranean aquifer fluid sampling device in situ in a static condition without disturbing the environment but comprising a "packer" for isolating the sampling system with the zone situated above it and a pumping system in situ in said sampler to "suck" the fluid into the sampling chamber.
L'objet de l'invention concerne un dispositif de prélèvement de fluides sous pression à partir d'un puits, permettant d'échantillonner un fluide sous pression en assurant un remplissage complet d'une chambre d'échantillonnage, et un transfert du fluide hors de la chambre en contrôlant la pression.  The object of the invention relates to a device for sampling pressurized fluids from a well, making it possible to sample a fluid under pressure by ensuring a complete filling of a sampling chamber, and a transfer of the fluid out of the chamber by controlling the pressure.
Pour ce faire, le dispositif comporte d'une part un piston contrôlé par un ressort baignant dans une chambre d'huile pour échantillonner le fluide, et d'autre part, un second piston pour expulser le fluide lors du transfert.  To do this, the device comprises firstly a piston controlled by a spring bathed in an oil chamber to sample the fluid, and secondly, a second piston for expelling the fluid during transfer.
Le dispositif est maintenu en position ouverte ou fermée par le ressort comprimé logé dans la chambre remplie d'huile. L'huile contenue dans la chambre du ressort permet d'amortir l'effet de décompression et de réaliser le prélèvement sans à-coup.  The device is held in the open or closed position by the compressed spring housed in the chamber filled with oil. The oil contained in the chamber of the spring makes it possible to dampen the decompression effect and to perform the sampling smoothly.
Le dispositif permet la récupération du fluide échantillonné grâce à l'action mécanique d'un piston solide au travers d'une vanne manuelle. Cette conception permet de s'affranchir des systèmes à mercure ou de système de piston fluide, et de pouvoir récupérer tout ou partie du fluide dans des conditions de pression contrôlée. De plus, cette conception permet de s'affranchir d'une chambre de compensation et d'une chambre d'huile comme utilisé dans la quasi-totalité des préleveurs connus.  The device allows the recovery of sampled fluid through the mechanical action of a solid piston through a manual valve. This design eliminates mercury systems or fluid piston system, and recover all or part of the fluid under controlled pressure conditions. In addition, this design eliminates a clearing chamber and an oil chamber as used in almost all known samplers.
Le dispositif selon l'invention The device according to the invention
De façon générale, l'invention concerne un dispositif de prélèvement de fluides sous pression à partir d'un puits, comportant une chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) définissant un volume interne pour recevoir le fluide, un corps (10, 03, 08) surmontant ladite chambre d'échantillonnage, des moyens de circulation pour faire circuler le fluide dans ladite chambre, des moyens de maintien pour maintenir le fluide dans ladite chambre, et des moyens de transfert pour transférer le fluide hors de ladite chambre. Selon l'invention : In general, the invention relates to a device for sampling fluids under pressure from a well, comprising a sampling chamber (01) defining a internal volume for receiving the fluid, a body (10, 03, 08) surmounting said sample chamber, circulation means for circulating the fluid in said chamber, holding means for holding the fluid in said chamber, and transfer means for transferring the fluid out of said chamber. According to the invention:
- les moyens de maintien comprennent un premier piston (05) adapté à autoriser ou interdire l'entrée de fluide dans la partie inférieure de la chambre (01 ), le premier piston étant déplacé par des moyens comportant un élément élastique (20) placé dans une chambre remplie d'huile ;  the holding means comprise a first piston (05) adapted to allow or prohibit the entry of fluid into the lower part of the chamber (01), the first piston being displaced by means comprising an elastic element (20) placed in a room filled with oil;
- les moyens de transfert comprennent des moyens pour contrôler la descente d'un second piston (02) de la partie supérieure vers la partie inférieure de la chambre, de façon à ce que le fluide reste à pression constante dans la chambre (01 ).  - The transfer means comprise means for controlling the descent of a second piston (02) from the upper part to the lower part of the chamber, so that the fluid remains at constant pressure in the chamber (01).
Selon l'invention, le premier piston (05) peut être relié à l'élément élastique (20) par un élément rectiligne (04, 07), de façon à ce que lorsque l'élément élastique (20) est compressé, l'élément rectiligne pousse le premier piston (05) hors de a chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) laissant entrer un fluide dans la chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ). Et lorsque l'élément élastique (20) est détendu, l'élément rectiligne coopère avec le second piston (02) pour fermer de façon étanche la chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) dans sa partie supérieure, et l'élément rectiligne remonte le premier piston (05) pour fermer de façon étanche la chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) dans sa partie inférieure. According to the invention, the first piston (05) can be connected to the elastic element (20) by a rectilinear element (04, 07), so that when the elastic element (20) is compressed, the rectilinear element pushes the first piston (05) out of a sampling chamber (01) allowing a fluid to enter the sampling chamber (01). And when the elastic element (20) is expanded, the rectilinear element cooperates with the second piston (02) to seal the sampling chamber (01) in its upper part, and the rectilinear element goes back first. piston (05) for sealingly closing the sampling chamber (01) in its lower part.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'élément rectiligne comporte une tige (04), le second piston (02) possède un orifice central permettant à une partie supérieure de la tige (04) de coulisser, et permettant une fermeture étanche avec une partie inférieure de la tige (04), le diamètre de la partie inférieure de la tige (04) étant supérieure à celui de la partie supérieure.  According to one embodiment, the rectilinear element comprises a rod (04), the second piston (02) has a central orifice allowing an upper part of the rod (04) to slide, and allowing a tight closure with a lower part. of the rod (04), the diameter of the lower part of the rod (04) being greater than that of the upper part.
La chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) peut être fermée dans sa partie inférieure par un embout (06), muni d'au moins un premier orifice, l'embout (06) ayant une longueur permettant au premier piston (05) de laisser entrer un fluide dans la chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) via le premier orifice, lorsque l'élément élastique (20) est compressé.  The sampling chamber (01) can be closed in its lower part by a nozzle (06) provided with at least a first orifice, the nozzle (06) having a length allowing the first piston (05) to enter a fluid in the sampling chamber (01) via the first port, when the elastic member (20) is compressed.
Selon l'invention, les moyens de circulation peuvent comprendre au moins un premier orifice de sortie de fluide dans la partie supérieure de la chambre et au moins un second orifice sur l'embout (06).  According to the invention, the circulation means may comprise at least a first fluid outlet orifice in the upper part of the chamber and at least a second orifice on the end piece (06).
Le corps (10, 03, 08) peut comprendre au moins un tube (10, 03, 08), le corps comportant l'élément élastique (20) et des moyens (07, 22, 09, 23) pour détendre ou compresser l'élément élastique (20). Les moyens (07, 22, 09, 23) pour détendre ou compresser l'élément élastique (20) peuvent comporter une virole (09) fendue montée coulissante dans le corps (10, 03, 08) et coopérant avec une poignée (23) pour compresser ou libérer l'élément élastique (20). The body (10, 03, 08) may comprise at least one tube (10, 03, 08), the body comprising the elastic element (20) and means (07, 22, 09, 23) for expanding or compressing the tube. elastic element (20). The means (07, 22, 09, 23) for expanding or compressing the elastic element (20) may comprise a slotted shell (09) slidably mounted in the body (10, 03, 08) and cooperating with a handle (23) for compressing or releasing the elastic member (20).
Les moyens (07, 22, 09, 23) pour détendre ou compresser l'élément élastique (20) peuvent être reliés à un moteur électrique ou une horloge (24).  The means (07, 22, 09, 23) for expanding or compressing the elastic element (20) can be connected to an electric motor or a clock (24).
Le moteur électrique ou l'horloge (24) peuvent être positionnés dans un tube (1 1 ) comportant une vanne pointeau (26) et un raccord haute pression pour remplir en huile la chambre de l'élément élastique (20).  The electric motor or the clock (24) can be positioned in a tube (1 1) having a needle valve (26) and a high pressure connection to fill the chamber of the elastic member (20) with oil.
L'élément élastique (20) peut être un ressort ou un ensemble de rondelles Belleville. The elastic member (20) may be a spring or a set of Belleville washers.
Selon l'invention, un piston de transfert (12) peut être monté de façon à pousser le second piston (02), le piston de transfert (12) étant creux et adapté de façon à ce que la tige (04) coulisse à l'intérieur. According to the invention, a transfer piston (12) can be mounted so as to push the second piston (02), the transfer piston (12) being hollow and adapted so that the rod (04) slides on the inside.
L'embout (06) peut être démonté de ladite chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ), et remplacer par un embout (13) sans orifice permettant de maintenir ledit premier piston (05) au sein de ladite chambre.  The tip (06) can be removed from said sampling chamber (01), and replace with a nozzle (13) without an orifice for maintaining said first piston (05) within said chamber.
Enfin, selon l'invention, le premier piston (05) peut être équipé d'une vanne pointeau (25) et d'un raccord haute pression permettant d'évacuer le fluide hors de la chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ).  Finally, according to the invention, the first piston (05) can be equipped with a needle valve (25) and a high pressure connection for discharging the fluid out of the sampling chamber (01).
L'invention concerne également une utilisation du dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle on réalise une surveillance de l'exploitation d'un site géologique souterrain par prélèvement de fluide sous pression au moyen d'un puits de surveillance, caractérisée en ce qu'on réalise les étapes suivantes : The invention also relates to a use of the device according to one of the preceding claims, in which a monitoring of the exploitation of an underground geological site by sampling of fluid under pressure by means of a monitoring well, characterized in what we do the following steps:
- on actionne la poignée de façon à compresser l'élément élastique ;  the handle is actuated so as to compress the elastic element;
- on descend le dispositif, en position « ouverte », dans le puits de surveillance, au moyen d'un câble attaché à la partie supérieure du dispositif ;  - The device is lowered, in the "open" position, in the monitoring well, by means of a cable attached to the upper part of the device;
- à une profondeur déterminée, le dispositif est laissé en position « ouverte » pendant une durée déterminée ;  at a determined depth, the device is left in the "open" position for a determined duration;
- on actionne la poignée de façon à libérer l'élément élastique, le dispositif passant en position « fermée » ;  the handle is actuated so as to release the elastic element, the device moving into the "closed" position;
- on remonte le dispositif en surface ;  - the device is raised to the surface;
- on transfert ledit fluide hors de la chambre du dispositif, en poussant le piston supérieur tout en contrôlant la pression au moyen d'un capteur de pression, de façon à ce que la pression dans la chambre reste constante ; - on réalise des analyses du fluide prélevé. - Transferring said fluid from the chamber of the device, by pushing the upper piston while controlling the pressure by means of a pressure sensor, so that the pressure in the chamber remains constant; - Analyzes of the fluid taken are carried out.
L'exploitation d'un site géologique souterrain peut consister en la surveillance d'un site de stockage géologique de C02, ou en la surveillance d'un site de stockage/soutirage de gaz naturel, ou en la surveillance d'un site d'exploitation de gaz de schistes. The operation of an underground geological site may consist of the monitoring of a C0 2 geological storage site, or the monitoring of a natural gas storage / removal site, or the monitoring of a site exploitation of shale gas.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages du dispositif selon l'invention, apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après d'exemples non limitatifs de réalisations, en se référant aux figures annexées et décrites ci-après.  Other features and advantages of the device according to the invention will appear on reading the following description of nonlimiting examples of embodiments, with reference to the appended figures and described below.
Présentation succincte des figures Brief presentation of the figures
- La figure 1 illustre le dispositif en position «ouverte». La figure de droite est une coupe selon l'axe A-A de la figure de gauche.  - Figure 1 illustrates the device in the "open" position. The figure on the right is a section along the A-A axis of the figure on the left.
- La figure 2 représente la partie inférieure du dispositif.  - Figure 2 shows the lower part of the device.
- La figure 3 illustre le dispositif en position « fermée ». La figure du milieu est une coupe selon l'axe B-B de la figure de gauche, et la figure de droite est une coupe selon l'axe C-C de la figure du milieu.  - Figure 3 illustrates the device in the "closed" position. The figure of the middle is a section along the axis B-B of the figure on the left, and the figure on the right is a section along the axis C-C of the middle figure.
- La figure 4 représente la partie centrale du dispositif.  - Figure 4 shows the central part of the device.
- La figure 5 représente la partie supérieure du dispositif  FIG. 5 represents the upper part of the device
- La figure 6 représente la répartition du fluide prélevé dans la partie inférieure du dispositif.  - Figure 6 shows the distribution of the fluid taken from the lower part of the device.
- La figure 7, illustre la position en mode « transfert ». La figure du milieu est une coupe selon l'axe A-A de la figure de gauche avec la chambre remplie de fluide, et la figure de droite est une coupe selon l'axe A-A de la figure de gauche avec la chambre vidée.  - Figure 7 illustrates the position in "transfer" mode. The figure of the middle is a section along the axis A-A of the figure on the left with the chamber filled with fluid, and the figure on the right is a section along the axis A-A of the figure on the left with the chamber emptied.
- Les figures 8, 9 et 10 illustrent des vues 3D du dispositif.  Figures 8, 9 and 10 illustrate 3D views of the device.
Description détaillée du dispositif Detailed description of the device
Le dispositif selon l'invention pour prélever des fluides sous pression est basé sur le principe des échantillonneurs dit FTS (Flow Through Sampler), dans lesquels le liquide du puits circule librement à l'intérieur du dispositif.  The device according to the invention for withdrawing fluids under pressure is based on the principle of so-called FTS (Flow Through Sampler) samplers, in which the well liquid circulates freely inside the device.
Les figures 1 à 10 illustre le dispositif selon l'invention pour prélever des fluides sous pression. Sur ces figures, les mêmes références ont été utilisées. Le dispositif comporte au moins : une chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) Figures 1 to 10 illustrates the device according to the invention for drawing fluids under pressure. In these figures, the same references were used. The device comprises at least: a sampling chamber (01)
2 un corps (10, 03, 08) surmontant ladite chambre d'échantillonnage  A body (10, 03, 08) surmounting said sample chamber
3 des moyens de circulation pour faire circuler le fluide dans ladite chambre, 3 circulation means for circulating the fluid in said chamber,
4 des moyens de maintien pour maintenir le fluide dans ladite chambre, et4 holding means for holding the fluid in said chamber, and
5 des moyens de transfert pour transférer le fluide hors de ladite chambre Transfer means for transferring fluid out of said chamber
Selon l'invention, les moyens de maintien comprennent un premier piston (05) adapté à autoriser ou interdire l'entrée de fluide dans la partie inférieure de ladite chambre (01 ), le dit premier piston étant déplacé par des moyens comportant un élément élastique (20) placé dans une chambre remplie d'huile au sein dudit corps et relié audit piston par une tige (04). According to the invention, the holding means comprise a first piston (05) adapted to allow or prohibit the entry of fluid into the lower part of said chamber (01), said first piston being moved by means comprising an elastic element (20) placed in a chamber filled with oil within said body and connected to said piston by a rod (04).
Et les moyens de transfert comprennent des moyens pour contrôler la descente d'un second piston (02) de la partie supérieure vers la partie inférieure de la dite chambre, de façon à ce que ledit fluide reste à pression constante dans ladite chambre (01 ).  And the transfer means comprise means for controlling the descent of a second piston (02) from the upper part to the lower part of said chamber, so that said fluid remains at constant pressure in said chamber (01) .
Description du dispositif Description of the device
La figure 1 illustre le dispositif en position « ouverte ». La figure de droite est une coupe selon l'axe A-A de la figure de gauche. La figure 2 représente la partie inférieure du dispositif. La figure 3 illustre le dispositif en position « fermée ». La figure du milieu est une coupe selon l'axe B-B de la figure de gauche, et la figure de droite est une coupe selon l'axe C-C de la figure du milieu. La figure 4 représente la partie centrale du dispositif. Ainsi le dispositif selon l'invention, comporte (figure 1 ) une chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ). Cette chambre a pour fonction de recevoir le fluide sous pression (en condition de fond). La chambre d'échantillonnage peut comporter une virole (01 ) définissant un volume interne pour recevoir le fluide. La partie inférieure de la chambre (01 ) peut être vissée dans un embout inférieur (06) comportant au moins un orifice pour laisser entrer le fluide. Quant à la partie supérieure de la chambre (01 ), elle est vissée dans un corps (10, 03, 08). La chambre comporte également un orifice dans sa partie supérieure, de façon à faire circuler le fluide au sein de la chambre : le fluide pénètre par l'ouverture inférieure de la chambre, ou par l'orifice de l'embout inférieur (06), et ressort au niveau de l'orifice de la chambre dans sa partie supérieure.  Figure 1 illustrates the device in the "open" position. The figure on the right is a section along the A-A axis of the figure on the left. Figure 2 shows the lower part of the device. Figure 3 illustrates the device in the "closed" position. The figure of the middle is a section along the axis B-B of the figure on the left, and the figure on the right is a section along the axis C-C of the middle figure. Figure 4 shows the central part of the device. Thus the device according to the invention comprises (Figure 1) a sampling chamber (01). This chamber has the function of receiving the pressurized fluid (in background condition). The sampling chamber may comprise a shell (01) defining an internal volume for receiving the fluid. The lower part of the chamber (01) can be screwed into a lower nozzle (06) having at least one orifice to let in the fluid. As for the upper part of the chamber (01), it is screwed into a body (10, 03, 08). The chamber also has an orifice in its upper part, so as to circulate the fluid within the chamber: the fluid enters through the lower opening of the chamber, or through the orifice of the lower nozzle (06), and spring at the orifice of the chamber in its upper part.
Le corps comprend une chambre remplie d'huile dans laquelle baigne un élément élastique (20). Cet élément élastique peut être un ressort ou un ensemble de rondelles Belleville. Il est relié par l'intermédiaire d'une entretoise (07) et d'une tige (04) à un piston inférieur (05). The body comprises a chamber filled with oil in which a resilient element (20) is embedded. This elastic element may be a spring or a set of washers Beautiful city. It is connected via a spacer (07) and a rod (04) to a lower piston (05).
Ce piston (05) est adapté à autoriser ou interdire l'entrée du fluide sous pression dans la partie inférieure de la chambre (01 ). Pour ce faire, en position haute, le piston (05) est positionné au moins partiellement dans la chambre (01 ), à son extrémité inférieure, il en bouche l'entrée de façon étanche (le piston possède des joints par exemple). En position basse, le piston sort de la chambre (01 ), laissant entrer le fluide. Lorsque la chambre (01 ) est munie d'un embout inférieur (06), cet embout (06) a une longueur permettant au piston inférieur (5) de sortir de la chambre, et donc, de laisser entrer un fluide dans la chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) via l'orifice.  This piston (05) is adapted to allow or prohibit the entry of the fluid under pressure into the lower part of the chamber (01). To do this, in the high position, the piston (05) is positioned at least partially in the chamber (01), at its lower end, it mouth the inlet tightly (the piston has joints for example). In the low position, the piston leaves the chamber (01), allowing the fluid to enter. When the chamber (01) is provided with a lower nozzle (06), this nozzle (06) has a length allowing the lower piston (5) out of the chamber, and thus, to let a fluid into the chamber sampling (01) via the orifice.
Ainsi, lorsque l'élément élastique (20) est compressé (figure 1 et 2), la tige (04) pousse (aidée de l'entretoise (07)) le piston inférieur (05) hors de la chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) de façon à laisser entrer un fluide dans la chambre. En revanche, lorsque l'élément élastique (20) est détendu (figure 3 et 4), la tige (04) remonte le piston inférieur (05) pour fermer de façon étanche la chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) dans sa partie inférieure.  Thus, when the elastic element (20) is compressed (FIGS. 1 and 2), the rod (04) pushes (with the spacer (07)) the lower piston (05) out of the sampling chamber (01). ) so as to allow a fluid to enter the chamber. On the other hand, when the elastic element (20) is expanded (FIGS. 3 and 4), the rod (04) raises the lower piston (05) to seal the sampling chamber (01) in its lower part.
Comme l'illustre les figures 1 et 2, le piston inférieur (05) peut être équipé d'une vanne pointeau (25) et d'un raccord haute pression permettant d'évacuer le fluide hors de la chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ), lorsque le dispositif est remonté, et que l'échantillon de fluide doit être analysé.  As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the lower piston (05) can be equipped with a needle valve (25) and a high pressure connection for discharging the fluid from the sampling chamber (01). when the device is reassembled, and that the fluid sample must be analyzed.
Un second piston (02), dit piston supérieur, est positionné dans la chambre (01 ), à son extrémité supérieure lorsque le fluide n'est pas en transfert hors de la chambre. Ce piston supérieur (02) est adapté à coulisser dans la chambre, d'une extrémité à une autre. Il possède un orifice central, permettant à une partie supérieure de la tige (04) de coulisser, et permettant une fermeture étanche avec une partie inférieure de la tige (04), le diamètre de la partie inférieure de la tige (04) étant supérieure à celui de la partie supérieure. Ainsi, lorsque l'élément élastique (20) est détendu, la tige (04) coopère avec le piston supérieur (02) pour fermer de façon étanche ladite chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) dans sa partie supérieure. Pour ce faire la tige (04) possède un épaulement qui vient boucher le trou du piston supérieur (02). Ce piston supérieur (02) peut être verrouillé par des vis de blocage (27) adaptées.  A second piston (02), said upper piston, is positioned in the chamber (01) at its upper end when the fluid is not transferred out of the chamber. This upper piston (02) is adapted to slide in the chamber, from one end to another. It has a central orifice, allowing an upper part of the rod (04) to slide, and allowing a tight closure with a lower part of the rod (04), the diameter of the lower part of the rod (04) being greater to that of the upper part. Thus, when the elastic element (20) is expanded, the rod (04) cooperates with the upper piston (02) to seal said sampling chamber (01) in its upper part. To do this the rod (04) has a shoulder which closes the hole of the upper piston (02). This upper piston (02) can be locked by appropriate locking screws (27).
La chambre peut être fermée au niveau de sa partie supérieure par un élément du corps (10, 03, 08), appelé tube de jonction (10). Ce tube de jonction est fixé à un tube supérieur (08) par l'intermédiaire d'un autre tube (03).  The chamber can be closed at its upper part by a body member (10, 03, 08), called the connecting tube (10). This junction tube is attached to an upper tube (08) via another tube (03).
Le tube supérieur (08) comporte l'élément élastique (20) et des moyens (07, 22, 09, 23) pour le détendre ou le compresser. Ces moyens comprennent : - une entretoise d'appui du ressort (07) avec un goujon (21 ) et ses écrous (22) ; The upper tube (08) comprises the elastic element (20) and means (07, 22, 09, 23) for relaxing or compressing it. These means include: - a spring support spacer (07) with a stud (21) and its nuts (22);
- une virole fendue (09) qui libère ou bloque le ressort en compression.  - A split ferrule (09) which releases or blocks the spring compression.
- une poignée (23) qui maintient le ressort comprimé.  - A handle (23) which holds the compressed spring.
Enfin, la figure 5 représente la partie supérieure du dispositif. Les moyens (07, 22, 09, 23) pour détendre ou compresser ledit élément élastique (20) sont reliés à un moteur électrique ou une horloge (24). Cette partie moteur est située dans un tube de logement (1 1 ), qui est fixé au corps (10, 03, 08), au niveau du tube supérieur (08). Cette partie moteur est surmontée d'une pièce d'accroché (14) pour pouvoir attacher le dispositif à un câble et le descendre dans un puits. Finally, Figure 5 shows the upper part of the device. The means (07, 22, 09, 23) for expanding or compressing said elastic member (20) are connected to an electric motor or clock (24). This motor part is located in a housing tube (1 1), which is fixed to the body (10, 03, 08), at the upper tube (08). This motor portion is surmounted by a hooked part (14) to be able to attach the device to a cable and down into a well.
Le moteur ou l'horloge coopère avec la poignée au moyen d'un axe.  The motor or the clock cooperates with the handle by means of an axis.
Par ailleurs, le tube de logement (1 1 ) est équipé d'une vanne pointeau (26) et d'un raccord Haute Pression pour remplir en huile la chambre du ressort.  In addition, the housing tube (1 1) is equipped with a needle valve (26) and a high pressure connection to fill the spring chamber with oil.
De plus, le dispositif selon l'invention comprend des moyens d'aide à la fermeture (non représentés) permettant d'évacuer de la chambre (01 ) une partie du fluide prélevé, lors de la remontée du piston inférieur (05), afin que le fluide n'entrave pas la fermeture.  In addition, the device according to the invention comprises closing aid means (not shown) for discharging from the chamber (01) a portion of the fluid removed, during the ascent of the lower piston (05), so as to that the fluid does not hinder the closure.
Fonctionnement du dispositif Operation of the device
Dispositif en position "ouverte" (figures 1 , 2 et 6)  Device in "open" position (Figures 1, 2 and 6)
En position ouverte, le fluide sous pression circule librement au sein de la chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ). Dans cette position, le ressort (20) est armé et maintenu à un certain niveau (80 % par exemple) de sa compression par une poignée (23) reliée à l'axe du moteur (ou de l'horloge).  In the open position, the fluid under pressure circulates freely within the sampling chamber (01). In this position, the spring (20) is armed and maintained at a certain level (80% for example) of its compression by a handle (23) connected to the axis of the motor (or clock).
Dans cette configuration le piston inférieur (05) est en position basse. Le fluide du puits circule donc librement au travers de la chambre d'échantillonnage (pendant la descente du préleveur dans le puits par exemple). Dans la partie inférieure de la chambre, le fluide passe par les orifices de l'embout (06), le fluide remonte dans la chambre et passe entre la tige (04) et le piston supérieur (02). Un jeu de perçages et d'ouvertures permet au fluide de circuler par les orifices (ouvertures oblongues) de la virole (01 ). Les zones grisées sur la figure 6 indiquent la présence du fluide.  In this configuration the lower piston (05) is in the low position. The well fluid thus circulates freely through the sampling chamber (during the descent of the sampler in the well, for example). In the lower part of the chamber, the fluid passes through the orifices of the nozzle (06), the fluid rises in the chamber and passes between the rod (04) and the upper piston (02). A set of holes and openings allows the fluid to flow through the orifices (oblong openings) of the ferrule (01). The shaded areas in Figure 6 indicate the presence of the fluid.
Selon un mode réalisation, les orifices (ouvertures oblongues) de la chambre (01 ) et de l'embout (06) sont équipés d'une grille (avec un maillage de 80 μηι par exemple) pour tamiser les particules solides du fluide. Dispositif en position "fermée" : verrouillage de la chambre d'échantillonnage (figure 3) According to one embodiment, the orifices (oblong openings) of the chamber (01) and the tip (06) are equipped with a grid (with a mesh of 80 μηι for example) for sieving the solid particles of the fluid. Device in "closed" position: locking of the sampling chamber (Figure 3)
Pour déclencher le prélèvement de d'échantillon, le ressort (20) est libéré. Pour cela, la poignée (23) tourne et dès qu'elle a effectué ¼ de tour, elle se retrouve fasse à l'ouverture de la virole (09). Le ressort (20) est alors libéré et se détend entraînant avec lui : l'entretoise (07), la tige (04) et le piston inférieur (05). Comme la chambre du ressort est remplie d'huile, cette remontée se fait sans à-coup et ne perturbe pas le fluide prélevé.  To trigger sample collection, the spring (20) is released. For this, the handle (23) turns and as soon as it has ¼ turn, it is found at the opening of the shell (09). The spring (20) is then released and relaxes carrying with it: the spacer (07), the rod (04) and the lower piston (05). As the chamber of the spring is filled with oil, this rise is done smoothly and does not disturb the fluid taken.
Une fois le ressort détendu, le piston (05) se retrouve dans la partie inférieure de la virole (01 ) et l'étanchéité est assurée dans la partie inférieure de la chambre d'échantillonnage. Dans la partie supérieure c'est la tige (04) qui fait étanchéité sur le piston supérieure (02) grâce au diamètre plus large à la base de la tige. L'échantillon de fluide est isolé et étanche. Le préleveur peut être remonté à la surface.  Once the spring relaxed, the piston (05) is found in the lower part of the shell (01) and sealing is provided in the lower part of the sampling chamber. In the upper part it is the rod (04) which seals on the upper piston (02) thanks to the larger diameter at the base of the rod. The fluid sample is insulated and sealed. The sampler can be raised to the surface.
Pour tourner la poignée, deux modes de réalisation sont décrits :  To turn the handle, two embodiments are described:
- Un opérateur en surface actionne le moteur électrique (24) le moment voulu.  - A surface operator operates the electric motor (24) at the desired time.
Ce moteur tourne la poignée (23).  This motor turns the handle (23).
- Une horloge embarquée et autonome actionne la poignée (23) à la date et l'heure programmées.  - A clock embedded and autonomous activates the handle (23) at the date and time programmed.
Dispositif en position "transfert" (figure 7) Device in "transfer" position (FIG. 7)
La figure 7, illustre la position en mode « transfert ». La figure du milieu est une coupe selon l'axe A-A de la figure de gauche avec la chambre remplie de fluide, et la figure de droite est une coupe selon l'axe A-A de la figure de gauche avec la chambre vidée. Une fois le dispositif remonté en surface, on peut transférer l'échantillon de fluide. Pour cela il faut :  Figure 7 illustrates the position in "transfer" mode. The figure of the middle is a section along the axis A-A of the figure on the left with the chamber filled with fluid, and the figure on the right is a section along the axis A-A of the figure on the left with the chamber emptied. Once the device is brought to the surface, the fluid sample can be transferred. For that you need :
Dévisser l'embout (06) et le remplacer par l'embout (13), celui-ci permet de bloquer le piston inférieur (05) dans sa position, au sein de la chambre (01 ).  Unscrew the end piece (06) and replace it with the end piece (13), this one makes it possible to lock the lower piston (05) in its position, inside the chamber (01).
Purger l'huile de la chambre du ressort via la vanne pointeau (26) et récupérer l'huile en se connectant sur le raccord HP.  Flush the oil from the spring chamber via the needle valve (26) and collect the oil by connecting to the HP fitting.
Démonter la partie "moteur et accroche" en dévissant le tube de jonction (1 1 ).  Remove the "motor and grip" part by unscrewing the connecting tube (1 1).
Dévisser le tube (8).  Unscrew the tube (8).
Retirer les écrous (22) et dévisser le goujon (21 ).  Remove the nuts (22) and unscrew the stud (21).
Dévisser le tube de jonction (03) puis le retirer avec l'entretoise d'appui (07) et le ressort (20). Emmancher le piston de transfert (12) jusqu'à buter sur le piston supérieur (02). Unscrew the connecting tube (03) and remove it with the support spacer (07) and the spring (20). Press the transfer piston (12) until it stops on the upper piston (02).
Dévisser les vis de blocage (27).  Unscrew the locking screws (27).
Se connecter au raccord HP du piston inférieur (05).  Connect to the lower piston HP fitting (05).
Appliquer le mouvement de transfert du piston (12) sur le piston supérieur (02) et ouvrir la vanne pointeau (25).  Apply the piston transfer movement (12) to the upper piston (02) and open the needle valve (25).
Le transfert est terminé une fois le piston supérieur (02) en appui sur le piston inférieur (05).  The transfer is completed once the upper piston (02) bears on the lower piston (05).
Les figures 8, 9 et 10 illustrent des vues 3D du dispositif. Figures 8, 9 and 10 illustrate 3D views of the device.
Utilisation du dispositif Using the device
L'invention concerne également un procédé de surveillance de l'exploitation d'un site géologique souterrain. Il peut s'agir de :  The invention also relates to a method of monitoring the exploitation of an underground geological site. It can be:
- la surveillance d'un site de stockage géologique de C02 ; - the monitoring of a geological C0 2 storage site;
- la surveillance d'un site de stockage/soutirage de gaz naturel ;  - monitoring of a natural gas storage / withdrawal site;
- la surveillance d'un site de géothermie ; ou  - the monitoring of a geothermal site; or
- la surveillance d'un site d'exploitation de gaz de schistes.  - the monitoring of a shale gas exploitation site.
L'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention, pour réaliser une surveillance de l'exploitation d'un site géologique souterrain par prélèvement de fluide sous pression au moyen d'un puits de surveillance, comprend alors les étapes suivantes :  The use of the device according to the invention, for carrying out monitoring of the operation of an underground geological site by sampling fluid under pressure by means of a monitoring well, then comprises the following steps:
- on actionne la poignée de façon à compresser l'élément élastique ;  the handle is actuated so as to compress the elastic element;
- on descend le dispositif, en position « ouverte », dans le puits de surveillance, au moyen d'un câble attaché à la partie supérieure du dispositif ;  - The device is lowered, in the "open" position, in the monitoring well, by means of a cable attached to the upper part of the device;
- à une profondeur déterminée, le dispositif est laissé en position « ouverte » pendant une durée déterminée ;  at a determined depth, the device is left in the "open" position for a determined duration;
- on actionne la poignée de façon à libérer l'élément élastique, le dispositif passant en position « fermée » ;  the handle is actuated so as to release the elastic element, the device moving into the "closed" position;
- on remonte le dispositif en surface ;  - the device is raised to the surface;
- on transfert ledit fluide hors de la chambre du dispositif, en poussant le piston supérieur tout en contrôlant la pression au moyen d'un capteur de pression, de façon à ce que la pression dans la chambre reste constante ;  - Transferring said fluid from the chamber of the device, by pushing the upper piston while controlling the pressure by means of a pressure sensor, so that the pressure in the chamber remains constant;
- on réalise des analyses du fluide prélevé telles que : analyse des espèces aqueuses cationiques et anioniques, analyse des éléments dits "traces", analyses du carbone organique et inorganique dissous, analyses des gaz dissous (majeurs et gaz rares). Ce dispositif présente l'avantage de pouvoir être descendu en position ouverte dans le milieu souterrain, de manière à s'affranchir des problèmes d'ouverture au sein du milieu souterrain et pour permettre un remplissage complet de la chambre de prélèvement. analyzes of the collected fluid are carried out such as: analysis of cationic and anionic aqueous species, analysis of so-called "trace" elements, analyzes of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, analyzes of dissolved gases (major and rare gases). This device has the advantage of being able to be lowered into the open position in the underground environment, so as to overcome the problems of opening in the underground environment and to allow complete filling of the sampling chamber.
L'ensemble des analyses est interprété et permet de déterminer notamment si une fuite de C02 est présente au niveau du site de stockage et de quel type de fuite il s'agit. The set of analyzes is interpreted and makes it possible to determine in particular whether a leakage of C0 2 is present at the storage site and what type of leakage is involved.
Pour tourner la poignée, deux modes de réalisation sont possibles :  To turn the handle, two embodiments are possible:
Un opérateur en surface actionne le moteur électrique (24) le moment voulu. Ce moteur tourne la poignée (23).  A surface operator operates the electric motor (24) at the desired time. This motor turns the handle (23).
Une horloge embarquée et autonome actionne la poignée (23) à la date et l'heure programmées.  An on-board, stand-alone clock activates the handle (23) at the scheduled date and time.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de prélèvement de fluides sous pression à partir d'un puits, comportant une chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) définissant un volume interne pour recevoir le fluide, un corps (10, 03, 08) surmontant ladite chambre d'échantillonnage, des moyens de circulation pour faire circuler le fluide dans ladite chambre, des moyens de maintien pour maintenir le fluide dans ladite chambre, et des moyens de transfert pour transférer le fluide hors de ladite chambre, caractérisé en ce que : A device for sampling fluids under pressure from a well, comprising a sampling chamber (01) defining an internal volume for receiving the fluid, a body (10, 03, 08) overcoming said sample chamber, circulation means for circulating the fluid in said chamber, holding means for holding the fluid in said chamber, and transfer means for transferring the fluid out of said chamber, characterized in that:
- lesdits moyens de maintien comprennent un premier piston (05) adapté à autoriser ou interdire l'entrée de fluide dans la partie inférieure de ladite chambre (01 ), le dit premier piston étant déplacé au moyen d'un élément élastique (20) placé dans une chambre remplie d'huile ;  said holding means comprise a first piston (05) adapted to allow or prohibit the entry of fluid into the lower part of said chamber (01), said first piston being displaced by means of an elastic element (20) placed in a room filled with oil;
- lesdits moyens de transfert comprennent des moyens pour contrôler la descente d'un second piston (02) de la partie supérieure vers la partie inférieure de ladite chambre, de façon à ce que ledit fluide reste à pression constante dans ladite chambre (01 ).  - Said transfer means comprise means for controlling the descent of a second piston (02) from the upper part to the lower part of said chamber, so that said fluid remains at constant pressure in said chamber (01).
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel le premier piston (05) est relié audit élément élastique (20) par un élément rectiligne (04, 07), de façon à ce que lorsque ledit élément élastique (20) est compressé, ledit élément rectiligne pousse ledit premier piston (05) hors de ladite chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) laissant entrer un fluide dans ladite chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ).  2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the first piston (05) is connected to said elastic element (20) by a rectilinear element (04, 07), so that when said elastic element (20) is compressed, said rectilinear element pushes said first piston (05) out of said sampling chamber (01) allowing a fluid to enter said sampling chamber (01).
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel le premier piston (05) est relié audit élément élastique (20) par un élément rectiligne (04, 07), de façon à ce que lorsque ledit élément élastique (20) est détendu, l'élément rectiligne coopère avec ledit second piston (02) pour fermer de façon étanche ladite chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) dans sa partie supérieure, et l'élément rectiligne remonte ledit premier piston (05) pour fermer de façon étanche ladite chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) dans sa partie inférieure.  3. Device according to claim 1, wherein the first piston (05) is connected to said elastic element (20) by a rectilinear element (04, 07), so that when said elastic element (20) is relaxed, the rectilinear element cooperates with said second piston (02) for sealingly closing said sampling chamber (01) in its upper part, and the rectilinear element raises said first piston (05) to seal said chamber sampling (01) in its lower part.
4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 et 3, dans lequel l'élément rectiligne comporte une tige (04), ledit second piston (02) possède un orifice central permettant à une partie supérieure de la tige (04) de coulisser, et permettant une fermeture étanche avec une partie inférieure de la tige (04), le diamètre de la partie inférieure de la tige (04) étant supérieure à celui de la partie supérieure.  4. Device according to one of claims 2 and 3, wherein the rectilinear element comprises a rod (04), said second piston (02) has a central orifice allowing an upper portion of the rod (04) to slide, and allowing tight closure with a lower part of the rod (04), the diameter of the lower part of the rod (04) being greater than that of the upper part.
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) est fermée dans sa partie inférieure par un embout (06), muni d'au moins un premier orifice, ledit embout (06) ayant une longueur permettant audit premier piston (05) de laisser entrer un fluide dans ladite chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ) via ledit premier orifice, lorsque ledit élément élastique (20) est compressé. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said sampling chamber (01) is closed in its lower part by a tip (06) provided with at least a first orifice, said end piece (06) having a length allowing said first piston (05) to admit a fluid into said sampling chamber (01) via said first orifice, when said elastic member (20) is compressed.
6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits moyens de circulation comprennent au moins un premier orifice de sortie de fluide dans la partie supérieure de ladite chambre et au moins un second orifice sur ledit embout (06). 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said circulation means comprise at least a first fluid outlet orifice in the upper part of said chamber and at least a second orifice on said tip (06).
7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit corps (10, 03, 08) comprend au moins un tube (10, 03, 08), ledit corps comportant ledit élément élastique (20) et des moyens (07, 22, 09, 23) pour détendre ou compresser ledit élément élastique (20).  7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said body (10, 03, 08) comprises at least one tube (10, 03, 08), said body comprising said elastic element (20) and means (07, 22, 09, 23) for expanding or compressing said elastic member (20).
8. Dispositif selon revendication 7, dans lequel lesdits moyens (07, 22, 09, 23) pour détendre ou compresser ledit élément élastique (20) comportent une virole (09) fendue montée coulissante dans ledit corps (10, 03, 08) et coopérant avec une poignée (23) pour compresser ou libérer ledit élément élastique (20).  8. Device according to claim 7, wherein said means (07, 22, 09, 23) for expanding or compressing said elastic element (20) comprise a slotted shell (09) slidably mounted in said body (10, 03, 08) and cooperating with a handle (23) to compress or release said elastic member (20).
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 7 et 8, dans lequel lesdits moyens (07, 22, 09, 23) pour détendre ou compresser ledit élément élastique (20) sont reliés à un moteur électrique ou une horloge (24).  9. Device according to one of claims 7 and 8, wherein said means (07, 22, 09, 23) for expanding or compressing said elastic member (20) are connected to an electric motor or a clock (24).
10. Dispositif selon revendication 9, dans lequel le moteur électrique ou l'horloge (24) sont positionnés dans un tube (1 1 ) comportant une vanne pointeau (26) et un raccord haute pression pour remplir en huile la chambre dudit élément élastique (20).  10. Device according to claim 9, wherein the electric motor or the clock (24) are positioned in a tube (1 1) comprising a needle valve (26) and a high pressure connection to fill the chamber of said elastic member with oil ( 20).
11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit élément élastique (20) est un ressort ou un ensemble de rondelles Belleville.  11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said elastic member (20) is a spring or a set of Belleville washers.
12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, dans lequel un piston de transfert (12) est monté de façon à pousser ledit second piston (02), ledit piston de transfert (12) étant creux et adapté de façon à ce que la tige (04) coulisse à l'intérieur.  12. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a transfer piston (12) is mounted so as to push said second piston (02), said transfer piston (12) being hollow and adapted so that that the rod (04) slides inside.
13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit embout (06) peut être démonté de ladite chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ), et remplacer par un embout (13) sans orifice permettant de maintenir ledit premier piston (05) au sein de ladite chambre. 13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said tip (06) can be removed from said sampling chamber (01), and replace with a nozzle (13) without an orifice for maintaining said first piston (05). within said chamber.
14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit premier piston (05) est équipé d'une vanne pointeau (25) et d'un raccord Haute Pression permettant d'évacuer ledit fluide hors de la dite chambre d'échantillonnage (01 ). 14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said first piston (05) is equipped with a needle valve (25) and a high pressure connection for discharging said fluid out of said sample chamber. (01).
15. Utilisation du dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle on réalise une surveillance de l'exploitation d'un site géologique souterrain par prélèvement de fluide sous pression au moyen d'un puits de surveillance, caractérisée en ce qu'on réalise les étapes suivantes :  15. Use of the device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein is carried out monitoring the operation of an underground geological site by sampling fluid under pressure by means of a monitoring well, characterized in that perform the following steps:
- on actionne la poignée de façon à compresser l'élément élastique ;  the handle is actuated so as to compress the elastic element;
- on descend le dispositif, en position « ouverte », dans le puits de surveillance, au moyen d'un câble attaché à la partie supérieure du dispositif ;  - The device is lowered, in the "open" position, in the monitoring well, by means of a cable attached to the upper part of the device;
- à une profondeur déterminée, le dispositif est laissé en position « ouverte » pendant une durée déterminée ; - on actionne la poignée de façon à libérer l'élément élastique, le dispositif passant en position « fermée » ; at a determined depth, the device is left in the "open" position for a determined duration; the handle is actuated so as to release the elastic element, the device moving into the "closed"position;
- on remonte le dispositif en surface ;  - the device is raised to the surface;
- on transfert ledit fluide hors de la chambre du dispositif, en poussant le piston supérieur tout en contrôlant la pression au moyen d'un capteur de pression, de façon à ce que la pression dans la chambre reste constante ;  - Transferring said fluid from the chamber of the device, by pushing the upper piston while controlling the pressure by means of a pressure sensor, so that the pressure in the chamber remains constant;
- on réalise des analyses du fluide prélevé.  - Analyzes of the fluid taken are carried out.
16. Procédé selon la revendication 15, dans lequel, l'exploitation d'un site géologique souterrain consiste en la surveillance d'un site de stockage géologique de C02, ou en la surveillance d'un site de stockage/soutirage de gaz naturel, ou en la surveillance d'un site d'exploitation de gaz de schistes. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein, the operation of an underground geological site is the monitoring of a geological storage site C0 2 , or monitoring a natural gas storage / withdrawal site. , or monitoring a shale gas exploitation site.
EP13805449.9A 2012-12-07 2013-10-31 Pressurised fluid sampler for monitoring geological storage of gas Not-in-force EP2929143B1 (en)

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FR2972758B1 (en) 2011-03-14 2014-02-07 IFP Energies Nouvelles METHOD FOR THE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF GASES BY GEOCHEMICAL ANALYZES OF RARE GASES
FR2974358B1 (en) 2011-04-21 2013-05-03 IFP Energies Nouvelles METHOD FOR THE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF GASES BY GEOCHEMICAL ANALYZES OF RARE GASES IN THE GAS PHASE

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FR2999224B1 (en) 2016-09-30
MX2015007088A (en) 2015-09-25
RU2603646C1 (en) 2016-11-27
CN104838089B (en) 2018-10-02
CA2892653A1 (en) 2014-06-12
EP2929143B1 (en) 2016-10-19
CA2892653C (en) 2020-05-12
PL2929143T3 (en) 2017-08-31
US20150315908A1 (en) 2015-11-05
MX357679B (en) 2018-07-19
FR2999224A1 (en) 2014-06-13
WO2014087061A1 (en) 2014-06-12
US9644479B2 (en) 2017-05-09
CN104838089A (en) 2015-08-12

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