EP2923362A1 - Enamelled wire - Google Patents

Enamelled wire

Info

Publication number
EP2923362A1
EP2923362A1 EP13783319.0A EP13783319A EP2923362A1 EP 2923362 A1 EP2923362 A1 EP 2923362A1 EP 13783319 A EP13783319 A EP 13783319A EP 2923362 A1 EP2923362 A1 EP 2923362A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wire
platelets
nanofiller
winding wire
lacquer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13783319.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2923362B1 (en
Inventor
Roxana Haase
Johann Reicher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schwering and Hasse Elektrodraht GmbH
Original Assignee
Schwering and Hasse Elektrodraht GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schwering and Hasse Elektrodraht GmbH filed Critical Schwering and Hasse Elektrodraht GmbH
Publication of EP2923362A1 publication Critical patent/EP2923362A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2923362B1 publication Critical patent/EP2923362B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/002—Inhomogeneous material in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/308—Wires with resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/0016—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for heat treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2927—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including structurally defined particulate matter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an enameled wire, in particular enameled copper wire or aluminum enameled wire.
  • Copper enameled wires and / or aluminum enameled wires are basically known from practice. These enamelled wires are used in electrical machines for generating electric fields. For this purpose, a plurality of windings of the enameled wire are arranged, for example, in a groove. The efficiency of the machines known from practice depends on the available utilization of the groove surface and the proportion of the active surface (groove fill factor). In order to achieve the necessary electrical strength, the enameled wires are covered with an insulating layer. In the case of the enamel-insulated wires known from practice, the insulation layer must have a prescribed minimum thickness in order to achieve the required electrical properties, such as, for example, dielectric strength. The prescribed minimum layer thickness is thus one of the limiting factors for achieving higher slot fill factors.
  • the invention is therefore based on the technical problem of specifying an enameled wire of the type described above, which is characterized by an advantageous thin insulating layer with which a groove surface is optimally exploitable and with which the filling factors known from practice can be improved. Furthermore, the invention has the technical problem of providing a method for producing an enameled wire, which is characterized by a simple feasibility and high environmental compatibility and energy efficiency.
  • the invention teaches an enameled wire, in particular enamelled copper wire or aluminum enameled wire, wherein a surface of a reeling wire forming a core of the enameled wire is completely or substantially completely coated with an electroinsulating lacquer of at least one lacquer polymer, the electroinsulating lacquer containing at least one nanofiller, wherein the nanofiller is formed by a plurality of platelets, wherein a platelet cladding formed by the nanofiller preferably surrounds the winding wire completely or substantially completely.
  • the enameled wire can be used in winding bodies, for example in electrical machines for generating electric fields.
  • the winding wire consists essentially or completely of copper or aluminum.
  • the lacquer polymer is preferably a matrix in which the nanofiller or the platelets are arranged.
  • the platelets or the nanofiller is particularly preferably arranged exclusively in the polymer matrix.
  • the platelets have a uniform or substantially uniform orientation. It is recommended that parallel or substantially parallel to the winding wire oriented surfaces of the platelets of a platelet layer in a preferably cylindrical outer surface.
  • the platelets are preferably arranged without overlapping or substantially without overlapping along a longitudinal axis of the winding wire in the platelet jacket and / or the platelets are preferably arranged without overlapping or substantially without overlapping the winding wire circumferentially in the platelet jacket. It is recommended that adjacent platelets are arranged in a platelet jacket spaced from each other. In one embodiment, adjacent platelets collide
  • At least two platelet coats and preferably at least three platelet coats surround the winding wire.
  • the at least two platelet coats are advantageously arranged offset relative to one another around the winding wire such that platelets of an outer platelet layer are positioned in the radial direction above platelet spaces, which platelet spaces are formed between adjacent platelets of an inner platelet layer.
  • at least two platelet shells or the inner platelet jacket and the outer platelet jacket preferably form a gap-free or substantially gap-free jacket around the winding wire in their projection onto the winding wire.
  • the platelets are arranged in a polymer matrix arranged by the lacquer polymer. It is possible that at least a portion of the platelets rests directly on the winding wire. According to one embodiment, the platelets are for the most part and particularly preferably completely embedded in the polymer matrix such that lacquer polymer is arranged between the platelets and the winding wire.
  • an aspect ratio of the nanofluorine or platelets is preferably greater than 100.
  • the aspect ratio means in particular the ratio of the lateral extent of the platelets to the thickness of the platelets. Lateral expansion is preferably the longest possible chord through a cross-sectional area of a platelet. For example, for a platelet having a circular cross-sectional area, the lateral extent is the diameter of the circular cross-sectional area of the platelet.
  • the thickness of a platelet is oriented transversely to the cross-sectional area in the context of the invention.
  • the aspect ratio is greater than 1000. According to a
  • the aspect ratio is 500 to 1000, preferably 100 to 5000 and particularly preferably 100 to 10,000.
  • the platelets have a thickness of up to a maximum of 20 nm. It is recommended that the platelets have a thickness of a few nanometers, for example from 1 to 15 nm, preferably from 1 to 10 nm and particularly preferably up to 5 nm.
  • the platelets have a lateral extent of at least 100 nm. It is possible that the platelets have a lateral extent of at least 300 nm, and preferably of at least 500 nm. According to a preferred embodiment, the lateral diameter of the platelets is approximately 100 to 100,000 nm and preferably 100 to 50,000 nm. It is recommended that the nanofiller is a layered silicate. According to one embodiment, a mixture of different sheet silicates is used as nanofiller. The flakes preferably consist of the layered silicate or essentially of the layered silicate. It is possible that platelets of different phyllosilicates are contained in the electrical insulating varnish. Particularly preferably, the platelets are obtainable by exfoliation.
  • the phyllosilicate is expediently at least one component selected from the group "talc, hectorite, montmorillonite, bentonite". It is within the scope of the invention that the nanofiller consists essentially of any layered silicate.
  • the sheet silicate is organically modified, wherein an organically modified sheet silicate contains at least one preferably cationic surfactant.
  • the organically modified phyllosilicate is obtainable, for example, by ion exchange, embedded in the phyllosilicate
  • Cations are exchanged by the preferably cationic surfactant.
  • cationic surfactants for example, ammonium, sulfonium or phosphonium salts can be used. Preference is given to ammonium salts, in particular quaternary ammonium salts of the following general formula: wherein Ri to R 4 are organic radicals selected from the group "alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, ester or fatty acid groups" represent.
  • the radicals R 1, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may be the same or different.
  • the anion X may be an inorganic or organic anion, for example Cl" methylsulfonate CH3OSO3 "act
  • An example of a surfactant is given in the following formula.:
  • n is a natural number between 0 and 20.
  • the electrical insulating lacquer contains up to 10% by volume of the nanofiller. The percentages by volume relate to the volume of the electrical insulating varnish with the nanofiller contained therein.
  • the electrosolating lacquer contains 0.5 to 8% by volume, preferably 1 to 7% by volume and particularly preferably 1 to 5% by volume of the nanofilling material.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the winding wire to the square of the thickness of the Elektroisolierlacks is greater than or equal to 1, 0 ⁇ "1.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the winding wire to the square of the thickness of Elektroisolierlacks is greater than or equal to 2.5 ⁇ " 1 , preferably larger or equal to 3.5 ⁇ "1 and more preferably greater than or equal to 4.2 ⁇ " 1 .
  • the ratio of the thickness of the winding wire to the square of the thickness of the einisolierlacks at least 5.1 ⁇ "1 , preferably at least 6.3 ⁇ " 1 and according to an embodiment at least 8.1 ⁇ "1.
  • this is Ratio of the diameter of the winding wire to the square of the thickness of the Elektroisolierlacks at least 4.2 ⁇ "1 , when the diameter of the winding wire is preferably between 100 ⁇ ⁇ and 1000 ⁇ .
  • the ratio of the thickness of the winding wire is to the square of the thickness of Electrical Insulating more than 8.1 ⁇ "1, when the winding wire has a thickness of preferably more than 1000 ⁇ .
  • the winding wire has a diameter of at least 100 ⁇ , preferably of at least 150 ⁇ and particularly preferably of at least 200 ⁇ .
  • the thickness of the electrically insulating according to a preferred embodiment is at least 3.5 ⁇ .
  • the electrical insulating lacquer is formed by at least two, advantageously identical or essentially identical, electrically insulating lacquer layers. It is possible that the electrical insulating lacquer is formed from more than two or a plurality of Elektroisolierlack Anlagenen. An electrical insulating lacquer layer contains at least the lacquer polymer and the nanofiller. It is within the scope of the invention that at least one further, preferably different from the Elektroisolierlack layer is disposed on the Elektroisolierlack.
  • the lacquer polymer comprises at least one component selected from the group "polyester, polyester imide, polyamide imide, polyimide, polyurethane, polyester amide imide, polyamide, polyvinyl formal".
  • the polyester is a THEIC polyester.
  • the polyesterimide may be a THEIC polyesterimide.
  • THEIC means above all tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurates.
  • the polyamide is an aliphatic and / or aromatic polyamide.
  • the polyamide may be a polyamide having aliphatic structural units and / or aromatic structural units. It is within the scope of the invention that the lacquer polymer has modifying units.
  • the polyester may contain THEIC modifying units or nonpolar alkyl chains (end group modification).
  • the polyesterimide can be THEIC-modified.
  • the polyurethane can z. B. be isocyanurate, silane or siloxane-modified.
  • polyamide or polyamide-imide it is possible, for example, to use polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or siloxanes, preferably polysiloxanes, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes, as modifying units.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • siloxanes preferably polysiloxanes, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes
  • at least one further functional layer is arranged on an outer side or the outer surface of the electrically insulating varnish. By the arranged on the outer surface functional layer, for example, the sliding behavior of the enameled wire is optimized.
  • a sliding layer is disposed on the outer surface of the electrical insulating varnish.
  • a friction coefficient of the sliding layer is preferably smaller than a friction coefficient of the electrical insulating varnish. In this way, it is ensured that in the production of a wound body from the enameled wire, a better utilization of space takes place.
  • the invention teaches a method for producing an enameled wire, wherein a nanofiller comprising a multiplicity of flakes in a lacquer polymer and / or lacquer
  • a winding wire is coated with a coating of the lacquer polymer with the nanofiller dispersed therein and / or from the lacquer polymer precursor with the nanofiller dispersed therein, wherein the coiled wire coated with the coating is passed through a paint spray, so that the platelets of the Nano Shel Istoffs form a surrounding the winding wire platelet, wherein the coating on the winding wire to form a Elektroisolierlacks is preferably cured by heating.
  • a jacket is formed on the winding wire in the electrical insulating varnish, which jacket comprises a plurality of platelet coats.
  • Lacquer polymer precursors are, for example, polymerizable compounds from which a lacquer polymer can be synthesized.
  • the winding wire is cleaned prior to the application of the nanofiller-containing paint polymer and / or the nanofiller-containing paint polymer precursor. It is within the scope of the invention that the winding wire is passed through a glow for cleaning.
  • annealing means, in particular, a pipe flooded with water vapor.
  • the layer is formed from the Elektroisolierlack on the winding wire by, for example, a wet paint is preferably applied to the winding wire in a paint bath.
  • the wet paint may be formed from the paint polymer with the nanofiller dispersed particularly preferably homogeneously in the paint polymer and at least one solvent.
  • the lacquer polymer or the nanoparticle-containing lacquer polymer precursor comprising the nanofiller is preferably applied to the winding wire in a solvent-free manner.
  • excess, received by the winding wire wet paint or absorbed, containing the nanofiller lacquer polymer or absorbed, the nanofiller-containing lacquer polymer precursor in the invention by means of the lacquer nozzle of
  • alignment of the nanofiller or the platelets of the nanofiller along the winding wire is promoted by the application process of the wet paint or of the nanofiller-containing paint polymer or of the nanofiller-containing paint polymer precursor via the coating nozzle and the preferably laminar flows and shear forces that occur.
  • the platelets of the nanofiller or the nanofiller are aligned by guiding the winding wire coated with the wet paint or the platelet-containing paint polymer or the platelet-containing paint polymer precursors such that the nanofill or the platelets of the nanofiller form or form a platelet coat Platelet surrounds the winding wire.
  • the platelet jacket formed by the nanofiller surrounds the winding wire completely or essentially completely.
  • the platelets of the nanofiller are arranged without overlap in the platelet coat around the winding wire.
  • the platelets are preferably aligned with the proviso that a jacket formed by a plurality of platelet coats is formed, in which jacket the platelets are preferably arranged offset relative to one another or in a brick structure.
  • the coated with the wet paint or with the nanofiller lacquer polymer or coating polymer precursor coated wire is heated, preferably in the wet paint containing solvent removed and / or the lacquer polymer or the lacquer polymer precursor is polymerized.
  • the lacquer polymer is expediently obtained by, for example, a heat-induced reaction of the lacquer polymer precursors. It is possible that the electric wire arranged on the winding wire
  • insulating varnish is formed from a plurality or multiplicity of layers of the electrical insulating varnish or electro-insulating varnish layers.
  • a further coating is particularly preferably arranged on the winding wire or on an electrical insulating varnish layer already located on the winding wire.
  • the invention is based on the finding that an enameled wire according to the invention is distinguished by an advantageously small thickness of an electrical insulating lacquer applied to the winding wire.
  • an enameled wire according to the invention compared with the prior art, significantly improved slot-filling factors can be achieved in the production of wound bodies from the enamelled wire according to the invention.
  • What is essential here is the reduction of the layer thickness of the electrical insulating lacquer, which in the enameled wire according to the invention is only 20 to 80% of the layer thicknesses of electrical insulating lacquers known from practice.
  • the inventive method is characterized by the low material use by an environmentally friendly, low emissions causing low solvent consumption in the production of the enameled wire. Due to the fact that only a small number of different electrical insulating lacquer layers are required for the formation of the enameled wire according to the invention, the method according to the invention is characterized by low energy consumption and the enameled wire according to the invention by high sustainability.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section through a paint wire according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a simplified, schematic representation of an apparatus for producing a paint wire according to the invention.
  • a paint wire 1 which includes a winding wire 2, which winding wire 2 is made in the embodiment of copper.
  • winding wire 2 is made in the embodiment of copper.
  • the winding wire has a diameter of 200 ⁇ .
  • the winding wire 2 forms a core of the enameled wire 1.
  • the winding wire 2 is completely coated with an electro-insulating varnish 3, which electro-insulating varnish contains a matrix of a varnish polymer 4 and a nanofiller in the form of a multiplicity of platelets 5.
  • the platelets 5 form a jacket, which jacket is formed from three platelet coats 8a, 8b, 8c and completely surrounds the winding wire 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows that the platelets 5 of the nanofiller are embedded in a matrix formed by the lacquer polymer 4. Furthermore, it can be seen in FIG. 1 that the platelets in the platelet sheaths 8a, 8b, 8c are arranged without overlapping around the core of the enameled wire 1 or around the winding wire 2. The platelets 5 in the platelet coats 8a, 8b, 8c are arranged around the winding wire 2 in such a way that adjacent platelets 5a, 5b do not overlap one another.
  • Fig. 2 the application of the Elektroisolierlacks 3 is shown schematically on the winding wire 2.
  • the winding wire 2 is passed through a reservoir 6, in which reservoir 6, the lacquer polymer 4 is kept in stock.
  • the platelets 5 of the nanofiller are homogeneously dispersed.
  • the winding wire 2 is coated with the coating polymer 4 contained in the platelets 5. The promotion

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Abstract

Enamelled wire, particularly enamelled copper wire or enamelled aluminium wire, wherein one surface of a winding wire forming a core of the enamelled wire is completely or substantially completely coated with an electrically insulating varnish consisting of at least one varnish resin. The electrically insulating varnish contains at least one nano filler, wherein the nano filler is formed of a plurality of platelets. A platelet jacket formed by the nano filler completely or substantially completely encloses the winding wire.

Description

Lackdraht  Magnet wire
Beschreibung: Description:
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Lackdraht, insbesondere Kupferlackdraht oder Alu- miniumlackdraht. The invention relates to an enameled wire, in particular enameled copper wire or aluminum enameled wire.
Kupferlackdrähte und/oder Aluminiumlackdrähte sind aus der Praxis grund- sätzlich bekannt. Diese Lackdrähte werden in elektrischen Maschinen zur Erzeugung elektrischer Felder eingesetzt. Dazu wird eine Vielzahl von Wicklungen des Lackdrahts beispielsweise in einer Nut angeordnet. Der Wirkungsgrad der aus der Praxis bekannten Maschinen hängt von der zur Verfügung stehenden Ausnutzung der Nutfläche und dem Anteil der Aktivfläche (Nutfüllfaktor) ab. Um die notwendige elektrische Festigkeit zu erreichen, sind die Lackdrähte mit einer Isolationsschicht überzogen. Bei den aus der Praxis bekannten lackisolierten Drähten muss die Isolationsschicht eine vorgeschriebene Mindestdicke aufweisen, um die erforderlichen elektrischen Eigenschaften, wie zum Beispiel Durchschlagsfestigkeit, zu erreichen. Die vorge- schriebene Mindestschichtdicke ist somit einer der begrenzenden Faktoren zur Erzielung höherer Nutfüllfaktoren. Copper enameled wires and / or aluminum enameled wires are basically known from practice. These enamelled wires are used in electrical machines for generating electric fields. For this purpose, a plurality of windings of the enameled wire are arranged, for example, in a groove. The efficiency of the machines known from practice depends on the available utilization of the groove surface and the proportion of the active surface (groove fill factor). In order to achieve the necessary electrical strength, the enameled wires are covered with an insulating layer. In the case of the enamel-insulated wires known from practice, the insulation layer must have a prescribed minimum thickness in order to achieve the required electrical properties, such as, for example, dielectric strength. The prescribed minimum layer thickness is thus one of the limiting factors for achieving higher slot fill factors.
Der Erfindung liegt daher das technische Problem zugrunde, einen Lackdraht der eingangs bezeichneten Art anzugeben, der sich durch eine vorteilhaft dünne Isolationsschicht auszeichnet, mit dem eine Nutfläche optimal ausnutzbar ist und mit dem die aus der Praxis bekannten Füllfaktoren verbessert werden können. Weiterhin liegt der Erfindung das technische Problem zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lackdrahts anzugeben, das sich durch eine einfache Ausführbarkeit und hohe Umweltverträglichkeit sowie Energieeffizienz auszeichnet. The invention is therefore based on the technical problem of specifying an enameled wire of the type described above, which is characterized by an advantageous thin insulating layer with which a groove surface is optimally exploitable and with which the filling factors known from practice can be improved. Furthermore, the invention has the technical problem of providing a method for producing an enameled wire, which is characterized by a simple feasibility and high environmental compatibility and energy efficiency.
Zur Lösung des technischen Problems lehrt die Erfindung einen Lackdraht, insbesondere Kupferlackdraht oder Aluminiumlackdraht, wobei eine Oberfläche eines eine Seele des Lackdrahts bildenden Wickeldrahts vollständig bzw. im Wesentlichen vollständig mit einem Elektroisolierlack aus zumindest einem Lackpolymer beschichtet ist, wobei der Elektroisolierlack zumindest einen Nanofüllstoff enthält, wobei der Nanofüllstoff von einer Vielzahl von Plättchen gebildet ist, wobei ein von dem Nanofüllstoff gebildeter Plättchenmantel den Wickeldraht vorzugsweise vollständig bzw. im Wesentlichen vollständig umgibt. Der Lackdraht kann in Wickelkörpern beispielsweise in elektrischen Maschinen zur Erzeugung elektrischer Felder eingesetzt werden. Vorteilhafterweise besteht der Wickeldraht im Wesentlichen bzw. vollständig aus Kupfer oder Aluminium. Grundsätzlich ist der Einsatz beliebiger, elektrisch leitender Materialien, vorzugsweise Metalle als Wickeldraht möglich. Das Lackpolymer ist bevorzugt eine Matrix, in der der Nanofüllstoff bzw. die Plättchen angeordnet sind. Besonders bevorzugt sind die Plättchen bzw. ist der Nanofüllstoff ausschließlich in der Polymermatrix angeordnet. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen die Plättchen eine einheitliche bzw. im Wesentlichen einheitliche Ausrichtung auf. Es empfiehlt sich, dass parallel bzw. im Wesentlichen parallel zum Wickeldraht orientierte Oberflächen der Plättchen einer Plättchenschicht in eine vorzugsweise zylindrische Mantelfläche bilden. To solve the technical problem, the invention teaches an enameled wire, in particular enamelled copper wire or aluminum enameled wire, wherein a surface of a reeling wire forming a core of the enameled wire is completely or substantially completely coated with an electroinsulating lacquer of at least one lacquer polymer, the electroinsulating lacquer containing at least one nanofiller, wherein the nanofiller is formed by a plurality of platelets, wherein a platelet cladding formed by the nanofiller preferably surrounds the winding wire completely or substantially completely. The enameled wire can be used in winding bodies, for example in electrical machines for generating electric fields. Advantageously, the winding wire consists essentially or completely of copper or aluminum. In principle, the use of any electrically conductive materials, preferably metals as a winding wire is possible. The lacquer polymer is preferably a matrix in which the nanofiller or the platelets are arranged. The platelets or the nanofiller is particularly preferably arranged exclusively in the polymer matrix. According to a preferred embodiment, the platelets have a uniform or substantially uniform orientation. It is recommended that parallel or substantially parallel to the winding wire oriented surfaces of the platelets of a platelet layer in a preferably cylindrical outer surface.
Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Plättchen vorzugsweise überlappungsfrei bzw. im Wesentlichen überlappungsfrei entlang einer Längsachse des Wickeldrahts in dem Plättchenmantel angeordnet und/oder sind die Plättchen vorzugsweise überlappungsfrei bzw. im Wesentlichen überlappungsfrei den Wickeldraht umlaufend in dem Plättchenmantel angeordnet. Es empfiehlt sich, dass benachbarte Plättchen in einem Plättchenmantel beabstandet zueinander angeordnet sind. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform stoßen benachbarte Plättchen Advantageously, the platelets are preferably arranged without overlapping or substantially without overlapping along a longitudinal axis of the winding wire in the platelet jacket and / or the platelets are preferably arranged without overlapping or substantially without overlapping the winding wire circumferentially in the platelet jacket. It is recommended that adjacent platelets are arranged in a platelet jacket spaced from each other. In one embodiment, adjacent platelets collide
unmittelbar aneinander, wobei es möglich ist, dass bereichsweise ein vorzugsweise mit dem Lackpolymer verfüllter Freiraum zwischen benachbarten Plättchen ausgebildet ist. Es empfiehlt sich, dass zumindest zwei Plättchenmäntel und vorzugsweise zumindest drei Plättchenmäntel den Wickeldraht umgeben. Besonders bevorzugt sind die zumindest zwei Plättchenmäntel derart vorteilhafterweise zueinander versetzt um den Wickeldraht angeordnet, dass Plättchen einer äußeren Plättchenschicht in radialer Richtung oberhalb von Plättchenzwischenräumen positioniert sind, welche Plättchenzwischenräume zwischen benachbarten Plättchen einer inneren Plättchenschicht ausgebildet sind. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform bilden zumindest zwei Plättchenmäntel bzw. der innere Plättchenmantel und der äußere Plättchenmantel vorzugsweise in deren Projektion auf den Wickeldraht einen lückenfreien bzw. im Wesentlichen lückenfreien Mantel um den Wickeldraht aus. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Plättchen in einer von dem Lackpolymer angeordneten Polymermatrix angeordnet sind. Es ist möglich, dass zumindest ein Teil der Plättchen unmittelbar auf dem Wickeldraht aufliegt. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform sind die Plättchen größtenteils und besonders bevorzugt vollständig derart in die Polymermatrix eingebettet, dass zwischen den Plättchen und dem Wickeldraht Lackpolymer angeordnet ist. directly to each other, wherein it is possible that in some areas a preferably filled with the lacquer polymer free space between adjacent plates is formed. It is recommended that at least two platelet coats and preferably at least three platelet coats surround the winding wire. Particularly preferably, the at least two platelet coats are advantageously arranged offset relative to one another around the winding wire such that platelets of an outer platelet layer are positioned in the radial direction above platelet spaces, which platelet spaces are formed between adjacent platelets of an inner platelet layer. According to one embodiment, at least two platelet shells or the inner platelet jacket and the outer platelet jacket preferably form a gap-free or substantially gap-free jacket around the winding wire in their projection onto the winding wire. It is within the scope of the invention that the platelets are arranged in a polymer matrix arranged by the lacquer polymer. It is possible that at least a portion of the platelets rests directly on the winding wire. According to one embodiment, the platelets are for the most part and particularly preferably completely embedded in the polymer matrix such that lacquer polymer is arranged between the platelets and the winding wire.
Bevorzugt ist ein Aspektverhältnis des Nanofül Istoffs bzw. der Plättchen größer als 100. Aspektverhältnis meint im Rahmen der Erfindung insbesondere das Verhältnis der lateralen Ausdehnung der Plättchen zur Dicke der Plättchen. Laterale Ausdehnung ist vorzugsweise die längstmögliche Sehne durch eine Querschnittsfläche eines Plättchens. Bei einem Plättchen mit kreisförmiger Querschnittsfläche ist die laterale Ausdehnung beispielsweise der Durchmesser der kreisförmigen Querschnittsfläche des Plättchens. Die Dicke eines Plättchens ist im Rahmen der Erfindung quer zur Querschnittsfläche orientiert. Bevorzugt ist das Aspektverhältnis größer als 1000. Gemäß einer An aspect ratio of the nanofluorine or platelets is preferably greater than 100. In the context of the invention, the aspect ratio means in particular the ratio of the lateral extent of the platelets to the thickness of the platelets. Lateral expansion is preferably the longest possible chord through a cross-sectional area of a platelet. For example, for a platelet having a circular cross-sectional area, the lateral extent is the diameter of the circular cross-sectional area of the platelet. The thickness of a platelet is oriented transversely to the cross-sectional area in the context of the invention. Preferably, the aspect ratio is greater than 1000. According to a
Ausführungsform beträgt das Aspektverhältnis 500 bis 1000, bevorzugt 100 bis 5000 und besonders bevorzugt 100 bis 10000. Embodiment, the aspect ratio is 500 to 1000, preferably 100 to 5000 and particularly preferably 100 to 10,000.
Vorteilhafterweise weisen die Plättchen eine Dicke von bis zu maximal 20 nm auf. Es empfiehlt sich, dass die Plättchen eine Dicke von einigen Nanometern, beispielsweise von 1 bis 15 nm, bevorzugt von 1 bis 10 nm und besonders bevorzugt von bis zu 5 nm aufweisen. Advantageously, the platelets have a thickness of up to a maximum of 20 nm. It is recommended that the platelets have a thickness of a few nanometers, for example from 1 to 15 nm, preferably from 1 to 10 nm and particularly preferably up to 5 nm.
Zweckmäßigerweise weisen die Plättchen eine laterale Ausdehnung von zu- mindest 100 nm auf. Es ist möglich, dass die Plättchen eine laterale Ausdehnung von zumindest 300 nm und bevorzugt von zumindest 500 nm aufweisen. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform beträgt der laterale Durchmesser der Plättchen ungefähr 100 bis 100000 nm und bevorzugt 100 bis 50000 nm. Es empfiehlt sich, dass der Nanofüllstoff ein Schichtsilikat ist. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird eine Mischung aus verschiedenen Schichtsilikaten als Nanofüllstoff eingesetzt. Vorzugsweise bestehen die Plättchen aus dem Schichtsilikat bzw. im Wesentlichen aus dem Schichtsilikat. Es ist möglich, dass Plättchen aus verschiedenen Schichtsilikaten in dem Elektroisolierlack ent- halten sind. Besonders bevorzugt sind die Plättchen durch Exfolieren erhältlich. Zweckmäßigerweise ist das Schichtsilikat zumindest eine aus der Gruppe "Talk, Hektorit, Montmorillonit, Bentonit" ausgewählte Komponente. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass der Nanofüllstoff im Wesentlichen aus einem beliebigen Schichtsilikat besteht. Expediently, the platelets have a lateral extent of at least 100 nm. It is possible that the platelets have a lateral extent of at least 300 nm, and preferably of at least 500 nm. According to a preferred embodiment, the lateral diameter of the platelets is approximately 100 to 100,000 nm and preferably 100 to 50,000 nm. It is recommended that the nanofiller is a layered silicate. According to one embodiment, a mixture of different sheet silicates is used as nanofiller. The flakes preferably consist of the layered silicate or essentially of the layered silicate. It is possible that platelets of different phyllosilicates are contained in the electrical insulating varnish. Particularly preferably, the platelets are obtainable by exfoliation. The phyllosilicate is expediently at least one component selected from the group "talc, hectorite, montmorillonite, bentonite". It is within the scope of the invention that the nanofiller consists essentially of any layered silicate.
Empfohlenermaßen ist das Schichtsilikat organisch modifiziert, wobei ein organisch modifiziertes Schichtsilikat zumindest ein vorzugsweise kationisches Tensid enthält. Das organisch modifizierte Schichtsilikat ist beispielsweise durch lonenaustausch erhältlich, wobei in das Schichtsilikat eingelagerte Empfichtsermaßen the sheet silicate is organically modified, wherein an organically modified sheet silicate contains at least one preferably cationic surfactant. The organically modified phyllosilicate is obtainable, for example, by ion exchange, embedded in the phyllosilicate
Kationen durch das vorzugsweise kationische Tensid ausgetauscht werden. Als kationische Tenside können beispielsweise Ammonium-, Sulfonium- oder Phosphoniumsalze verwendet werden. Bevorzugt sind Ammoniumsalze, insbesondere quarternäre Ammoniumsalze der folgenden allgemeinen Formel: wobei Ri bis R4 organische Reste, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe "Alkyl-, Acyl-, Aryl-, Arylalkyl-, Ester- oder Fettsäuregruppen", darstellen. Die Reste Ri , R2, R3 und R4 können gleich oder voneinander verschieden sein. Bei dem Anion X" kann es sich um ein anorganisches oder organisches Anion, beispielsweise CI", Methylsulfonat CH3OSO3", handeln. Ein Beispiel für ein Tensid ist in der nachfolgenden Formel angegeben: Cations are exchanged by the preferably cationic surfactant. As cationic surfactants, for example, ammonium, sulfonium or phosphonium salts can be used. Preference is given to ammonium salts, in particular quaternary ammonium salts of the following general formula: wherein Ri to R 4 are organic radicals selected from the group "alkyl, acyl, aryl, arylalkyl, ester or fatty acid groups" represent. The radicals R 1, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may be the same or different. The anion X "may be an inorganic or organic anion, for example Cl" methylsulfonate CH3OSO3 "act An example of a surfactant is given in the following formula.:
Zweckmäßigerweise ist n eine natürliche Zahl zwischen 0 und 20. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält der Elektroisolierlack bis zu 10 Vol.-% des Nanofüllstoffs. Die Volumenprozentangaben beziehen sich auf das Volumen des Elektroisolierlacks mit dem darin enthaltenen Nanofüllstoff. Zweckmäßigerweise enthält der Elektrosiolierlack 0,5 bis 8 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 7 Vol.-% und besonders bevorzugt 1 bis 5 Vol.-% des Nanofüll- Stoffs. Conveniently, n is a natural number between 0 and 20. According to a preferred embodiment, the electrical insulating lacquer contains up to 10% by volume of the nanofiller. The percentages by volume relate to the volume of the electrical insulating varnish with the nanofiller contained therein. Expediently, the electrosolating lacquer contains 0.5 to 8% by volume, preferably 1 to 7% by volume and particularly preferably 1 to 5% by volume of the nanofilling material.
Vorzugsweise ist das Verhältnis des Durchmessers des Wickeldrahts zum Quadrat der Dicke des Elektroisolierlacks größer oder gleich 1 ,0 μιτι"1. Zweckmäßigerweise ist das Verhältnis des Durchmessers des Wickeldrahts zum Quadrat der Dicke des Elektroisolierlacks größer oder gleich 2,5 μιτι"1 , bevorzugt größer oder gleich 3,5 μιτι"1 und besonders bevorzugt größer oder gleich 4,2 μιτι"1. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform beträgt das Verhältnis aus der Dicke des Wickeldrahts zum Quadrat der Dicke des Elektroisolierlacks zumindest 5,1 μιτι"1 , vorzugsweise zumindest 6,3 μιτι"1 und gemäß einer Aus- führungsform zumindest 8,1 μιτι"1.Vorzugsweise beträgt das Verhältnis des Durchmesser des Wickeldrahts zum Quadrat der Dicke des Elektroisolierlacks zumindest 4,2 μιτι"1 , wenn der Durchmesser des Wickeldrahtes vorzugsweise zwischen 100 μιτι und 1000 μιτι liegt. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform beträgt das Verhältnis der Dicke des Wickeldrahts zu dem Quadrat der Dicke des Elektroisolierlacks mehr als 8,1 μιτι"1 , wenn der Wickeldraht eine Dicke von vorzugsweise mehr als 1000 μιτι aufweist. Zweckmäßigerweise weist der Wickeldraht einen Durchmesser von zumindest 100 μιτι, bevorzugt von zumindest 150 μιτι und besonders bevorzugt von zumindest 200 μιτι auf. Die Dicke des Elektroisolierlacks beträgt gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungs- form zumindest 3,5 μιτι. Preferably, the ratio of the diameter of the winding wire to the square of the thickness of the Elektroisolierlacks is greater than or equal to 1, 0 μιτι "1. Conveniently, the ratio of the diameter of the winding wire to the square of the thickness of Elektroisolierlacks is greater than or equal to 2.5 μιτι " 1 , preferably larger or equal to 3.5 μιτι "1 and more preferably greater than or equal to 4.2 μιτι " 1 . According to one embodiment, the ratio of the thickness of the winding wire to the square of the thickness of the Elektroisolierlacks at least 5.1 μιτι "1 , preferably at least 6.3 μιτι " 1 and according to an embodiment at least 8.1 μιτι "1. Preferably, this is Ratio of the diameter of the winding wire to the square of the thickness of the Elektroisolierlacks at least 4.2 μιτι "1 , when the diameter of the winding wire is preferably between 100 μιτι μιτι and 1000 μιτι. According to one embodiment, the ratio of the thickness of the winding wire is to the square of the thickness of Electrical Insulating more than 8.1 μιτι "1, when the winding wire has a thickness of preferably more than 1000 μιτι. Conveniently, the winding wire has a diameter of at least 100 μιτι, preferably of at least 150 μιτι and particularly preferably of at least 200 μιτι. The thickness of the electrically insulating according to a preferred embodiment is at least 3.5 μιτι.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist der Elektroisolierlack von zumindest zwei, vorteilhafterweise identischen bzw. im Wesentlichen identischen Elektro- isolierlackschichten gebildet. Es ist möglich, dass der Elektroisolierlack aus mehr als zwei bzw. einer Mehrzahl von Elektroisolierlackschichten gebildet ist. Eine Elektroisolierlackschicht enthält zumindest das Lackpolymer und den Nanofüllstoff. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass auf dem Elektroisolierlack zumindest eine weitere, vorzugsweise von dem Elektroisolierlack verschiedene Schicht angeordnet ist. According to one embodiment, the electrical insulating lacquer is formed by at least two, advantageously identical or essentially identical, electrically insulating lacquer layers. It is possible that the electrical insulating lacquer is formed from more than two or a plurality of Elektroisolierlackschichten. An electrical insulating lacquer layer contains at least the lacquer polymer and the nanofiller. It is within the scope of the invention that at least one further, preferably different from the Elektroisolierlack layer is disposed on the Elektroisolierlack.
Zweckmaßigerweise umfasst das Lackpolymer zumindest eine aus der Gruppe "Polyester, Polyesterimid, Polyamidimid, Polyimid, Polyurethan, Polyester- amidimid, Polyamid, Polyvinylformal" ausgewählte Komponente. Beispielsweise ist das Polyester ein THEIC-Polyester. Das Polyesterimid kann ein THEIC-Poly- esterimid sein. THEIC meint im Rahmen der Erfindung vor allem Tris- Hydroxyethyl Isocyanurate. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist das Polyamid ein aliphatisches und/oder aromatisches Polyamid. Das Polyamid kann ein Polyamid sein, dass aliphatische Struktureinheiten und/oder aromatische Struktur- einheiten aufweist. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass das Lackpolymer Modifizierungseinheiten aufweist. Beispielsweise kann das Polyester THEIC- Modifizierungseinheiten oder unpolare Alkylketten (Endgruppenmodifizierung) enthalten. Das Polyesterimid kann THEIC-modifiziert sein. Das Polyurethan kann z. B. Isocyanurat-, Silan- oder Siloxan-modifiziert sein. Für Polyamid oder Polyamidimid können zum Beispiel Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) oder Siloxane, bevorzugt Polysiloxane, insbesondere Polydimethylsiloxane, als Modifizierungseinheiten eingesetzt werden. Es ist möglich, dass auf einer Außenseite bzw. der äußeren Oberfläche des Elektroisolierlacks zumindest eine weitere Funktionsschicht angeordnet ist. Durch die auf der äußeren Oberfläche angeordnete Funktionsschicht ist beispielsweise das Gleitverhalten des Lackdrahts optimiert. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist auf der äußeren Oberfläche des Elektroisolierlacks eine Gleitschicht angeordnet. Ein Reibungskoeffizient der Gleitschicht ist vorzugsweise kleiner als ein Reibungskoeffizient des Elektroisolierlacks. Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, dass bei der Herstellung eines Wickelkörpers aus dem Lackdraht eine optimalere Raumausnutzung erfolgt. Expediently, the lacquer polymer comprises at least one component selected from the group "polyester, polyester imide, polyamide imide, polyimide, polyurethane, polyester amide imide, polyamide, polyvinyl formal". For example, the polyester is a THEIC polyester. The polyesterimide may be a THEIC polyesterimide. In the context of the invention, THEIC means above all tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurates. In one embodiment, the polyamide is an aliphatic and / or aromatic polyamide. The polyamide may be a polyamide having aliphatic structural units and / or aromatic structural units. It is within the scope of the invention that the lacquer polymer has modifying units. For example, the polyester may contain THEIC modifying units or nonpolar alkyl chains (end group modification). The polyesterimide can be THEIC-modified. The polyurethane can z. B. be isocyanurate, silane or siloxane-modified. For polyamide or polyamide-imide, it is possible, for example, to use polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or siloxanes, preferably polysiloxanes, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes, as modifying units. It is possible that at least one further functional layer is arranged on an outer side or the outer surface of the electrically insulating varnish. By the arranged on the outer surface functional layer, for example, the sliding behavior of the enameled wire is optimized. According to one embodiment, a sliding layer is disposed on the outer surface of the electrical insulating varnish. A friction coefficient of the sliding layer is preferably smaller than a friction coefficient of the electrical insulating varnish. In this way, it is ensured that in the production of a wound body from the enameled wire, a better utilization of space takes place.
Weiterhin lehrt die Erfindung zur Lösung des technischen Problems ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lackdrahtes, wobei ein eine Vielzahl von Plättchen aufweisender Nanofüllstoff in einem Lackpolymer und/oder Lack- Furthermore, to solve the technical problem, the invention teaches a method for producing an enameled wire, wherein a nanofiller comprising a multiplicity of flakes in a lacquer polymer and / or lacquer
polymervorläufer dispergiert wird, wobei ein Wickeldraht mit einer Beschichtung aus dem Lackpolymer mit dem darin dispergierten Nanofullstoff und/oder aus dem Lackpolymervorläufer mit dem darin dispergierten Nanofullstoff beschichtet wird, wobei der mit der Beschichtung beschichtete Wickeldraht durch eine Lackierdüse geführt wird, so dass die Plättchen des Nanofül Istoffs einen den Wickeldraht umgebenden Plättchenmantel bilden, wobei die Beschichtung auf dem Wickeldraht zur Ausbildung eines Elektroisolierlacks vorzugsweise durch Erwärmen ausgehärtet wird. Zweckmäßigerweise wird ein Mantel auf dem Wickeldraht in dem Elektroisolierlack ausgebildet, welcher Mantel eine Mehr- zahl von Plättchenmänteln beinhaltet. polymer film is dispersed, wherein a winding wire is coated with a coating of the lacquer polymer with the nanofiller dispersed therein and / or from the lacquer polymer precursor with the nanofiller dispersed therein, wherein the coiled wire coated with the coating is passed through a paint spray, so that the platelets of the Nanofül Istoffs form a surrounding the winding wire platelet, wherein the coating on the winding wire to form a Elektroisolierlacks is preferably cured by heating. Conveniently, a jacket is formed on the winding wire in the electrical insulating varnish, which jacket comprises a plurality of platelet coats.
Lackpolymervorläufer sind beispielsweise polymerisierbare Verbindungen, aus denen ein Lackpolymer synthetisierbar ist. Zweckmäßigerweise wird der Wickeldraht vor dem Aufbringen des den Nanofüllstoff enthaltenden Lack- polymers und/oder des den Nanofüllstoff enthaltenden Lackpolymervorläufers gereinigt. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass der Wickeldraht zur Reinigung durch eine Glühe geführt wird. Glühe meint im Rahmen der Erfindung insbesondere ein mit Wasserdampf geflutetes Rohr. Bevorzugt wird die Schicht aus dem Elektroisolierlack auf dem Wickeldraht gebildet, indem bei- spielsweise ein Nasslack auf den Wickeldraht bevorzugt in einem Lackbad aufgetragen wird. Der Nasslack kann von dem Lackpolymer mit dem besonders bevorzugt homogen in dem Lackpolymer dispergierten Nanofüllstoff sowie zumindest einem Lösungsmittel gebildet sein. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird das den Nanofüllstoff beinhaltende Lackpolymer bzw. der den Nanofüllstoff aufweisende Lackpolymervorläufer vorzugsweise lösungsmittelfrei auf den Wickeldraht aufgetragen. Vorteilhafterweise wird überschüssiger, von dem Wickeldraht aufgenommener Nasslack oder aufgenommenes, den Nanofüllstoff enthaltendes Lackpolymer bzw. aufgenommener, den Nanofüllstoff enthaltender Lackpolymervorläufer im Rahmen der Erfindung mittels der Lackierdüse von Lacquer polymer precursors are, for example, polymerizable compounds from which a lacquer polymer can be synthesized. Advantageously, the winding wire is cleaned prior to the application of the nanofiller-containing paint polymer and / or the nanofiller-containing paint polymer precursor. It is within the scope of the invention that the winding wire is passed through a glow for cleaning. In the context of the invention, annealing means, in particular, a pipe flooded with water vapor. Preferably, the layer is formed from the Elektroisolierlack on the winding wire by, for example, a wet paint is preferably applied to the winding wire in a paint bath. The wet paint may be formed from the paint polymer with the nanofiller dispersed particularly preferably homogeneously in the paint polymer and at least one solvent. According to one embodiment, the lacquer polymer or the nanoparticle-containing lacquer polymer precursor comprising the nanofiller is preferably applied to the winding wire in a solvent-free manner. Advantageously, excess, received by the winding wire wet paint or absorbed, containing the nanofiller lacquer polymer or absorbed, the nanofiller-containing lacquer polymer precursor in the invention by means of the lacquer nozzle of
dem Wickeldraht abgestritten. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird durch den Applikationsprozess des Nasslacks oder des den Nanofüllstoff aufweisenden Lackpolymers bzw. den Nanofüllstoff beinhaltenden Lackpolymervorläufers über die Lackierdüse und die dabei auftretenden, vorzugsweise laminaren Strömungen und Scherkräfte eine Ausrichtung des Nanofüllstoffs bzw. der Plättchen des Nanofüllstoffs entlang des Wickeldrahts begünstigt. Zweckmäßigerweise werden die Plättchen des Nanofüllstoffs bzw. der Nanofüllstoff durch das Führen des mit dem Nasslack oder dem plättchenhaltigen Lackpolymer bzw. den die Plättchen aufweisenden Lackpolymervorstufen beschichteten Wickeldrahts derart ausgerichtet, dass der Nanofüllstoff bzw. die Plättchen des Nanofüllstoffs einen Plättchenmantel ausbildet bzw. ausbilden, welcher Plättchenmantel den Wickeldraht umgibt. Besonders bevorzugt umgibt der von dem Nanofüllstoff gebildete Plättchenmantel den Wickeldraht vollständig bzw. im Wesentlichen vollständig. Beim Fördern des Wickeldrahts durch die Lackierdüse wird insbesondere durch die Strömungsverhältnisse erreicht, dass die Plättchen des Nanofüllstoffs überlappungsfrei in dem Plättchenmantel um den Wickeldraht angeordnet werden. Vorzugsweise werden die Plättchen mit der Maßgabe ausgerichtete, dass ein von einer Mehrzahl von Plättchenmänteln gebildeter Mantel entsteht, in welchem Mantel die Plättchen vorzugsweise versetzt zueinander bzw. in einer Ziegelsteinstruktur angeordnet sind. denied the winding wire. According to one embodiment, alignment of the nanofiller or the platelets of the nanofiller along the winding wire is promoted by the application process of the wet paint or of the nanofiller-containing paint polymer or of the nanofiller-containing paint polymer precursor via the coating nozzle and the preferably laminar flows and shear forces that occur. Advantageously, the platelets of the nanofiller or the nanofiller are aligned by guiding the winding wire coated with the wet paint or the platelet-containing paint polymer or the platelet-containing paint polymer precursors such that the nanofill or the platelets of the nanofiller form or form a platelet coat Platelet surrounds the winding wire. Particularly preferably, the platelet jacket formed by the nanofiller surrounds the winding wire completely or essentially completely. When conveying the winding wire through the coating nozzle is achieved in particular by the flow conditions that the platelets of the nanofiller are arranged without overlap in the platelet coat around the winding wire. The platelets are preferably aligned with the proviso that a jacket formed by a plurality of platelet coats is formed, in which jacket the platelets are preferably arranged offset relative to one another or in a brick structure.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird der mit dem Nasslack oder mit dem den Nanofüllstoff enthaltenen Lackpolymer bzw. Lackpolymervorläufer beschichtete Wickeldraht erwärmt, wobei bevorzugt das in dem Nasslack enthaltende Lösungsmittel entfernt und/oder das Lackpolymer bzw. der Lackpolymervorläufer auspolymerisiert wird. Zweckmäßigerweise wird das Lackpolymer durch eine beispielsweise wärmeinduzierte Reaktion der Lackpolymervorläufer erhalten. Es ist möglich, dass der auf dem Wickeldraht angeordnete Elektro- According to one embodiment, the coated with the wet paint or with the nanofiller lacquer polymer or coating polymer precursor coated wire is heated, preferably in the wet paint containing solvent removed and / or the lacquer polymer or the lacquer polymer precursor is polymerized. The lacquer polymer is expediently obtained by, for example, a heat-induced reaction of the lacquer polymer precursors. It is possible that the electric wire arranged on the winding wire
isolierlack aus einer Mehrzahl bzw. Vielzahl von Schichten aus dem Elektro- isolierlack bzw. Elektroisolierlackschichten gebildet wird. Zur Ausbildung einer weiteren Schicht des Isolierlacks auf dem Wickeldraht wird besonders bevorzugt eine weitere Beschichtung auf dem Wickeldraht bzw. auf einer bereits auf dem Wickeldraht befindlichen Elektroisolierlackschicht angeordnet. insulating varnish is formed from a plurality or multiplicity of layers of the electrical insulating varnish or electro-insulating varnish layers. In order to form a further layer of the insulating varnish on the winding wire, a further coating is particularly preferably arranged on the winding wire or on an electrical insulating varnish layer already located on the winding wire.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass sich ein erfindungsgemäßer Lackdraht durch eine vorteilhaft geringe Dicke eines auf den Wickeldraht aufgetragenen Elektroisolierlacks auszeichnet. Dadurch lassen sich mit dem er- findungsgemäßen Lackdraht gegenüber dem Stand der Technik wesentlich verbesserte Nutfüllfaktoren bei der Herstellung von Wickelkörpern aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Lackdraht erzielen. Wesentlich dabei ist die Reduktion der Schichtdicke des Elektroisolierlacks, die bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Lackdraht lediglich 20 bis 80 % der aus der Praxis bekannten Schichtdicken von Elektro- isolierlacken beträgt. Durch die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Wickeldraht erzielbaren Wicklungsdichten von Wickelkörpern kann die Energieeffizienz von Vorrichtungen zur Erzeugung von elektrischen Feldern vorteilhaft gesteigert werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich bedingt durch den geringen Materialeinsatz durch einen umweltfreundlichen, wenig Emissionen verursachenden, geringen Lösungsmittelverbrauch bei der Herstellung des Lackdrahts aus. Dadurch, dass zur Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Lackdrahts lediglich eine geringe Anzahl verschiedener Elektroisolierlackschichten erforderlich ist, zeichnet sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durch einen geringen Energieverbrauch und der erfindungsgemäße Lackdraht somit durch eine hohe Nachhaltigkeit aus. The invention is based on the finding that an enameled wire according to the invention is distinguished by an advantageously small thickness of an electrical insulating lacquer applied to the winding wire. As a result, with the enameled wire according to the invention, compared with the prior art, significantly improved slot-filling factors can be achieved in the production of wound bodies from the enamelled wire according to the invention. What is essential here is the reduction of the layer thickness of the electrical insulating lacquer, which in the enameled wire according to the invention is only 20 to 80% of the layer thicknesses of electrical insulating lacquers known from practice. By means of the winding densities of winding bodies achievable with the winding wire according to the invention, the energy efficiency of devices for generating electric fields can be advantageously increased. The inventive method is characterized by the low material use by an environmentally friendly, low emissions causing low solvent consumption in the production of the enameled wire. Due to the fact that only a small number of different electrical insulating lacquer layers are required for the formation of the enameled wire according to the invention, the method according to the invention is characterized by low energy consumption and the enameled wire according to the invention by high sustainability.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch: The invention will be explained with reference to a drawing illustrating only one embodiment. They show schematically:
Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Lackdraht und Fig. 1 shows a section through a paint wire according to the invention and
Fig. 2 eine vereinfachte, schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Lackdrahts. Fig. 2 is a simplified, schematic representation of an apparatus for producing a paint wire according to the invention.
In Fig. 1 ist ein Lackdraht 1 dargestellt, der einen Wickeldraht 2 enthält, welcher Wickeldraht 2 in dem Ausführungsbeispiel aus Kupfer gefertigt ist. Vorzugsweise und gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiels hat der Wickeldraht einen Durchmesser von 200 μιτι. Der Wickeldraht 2 bildet eine Seele des Lackdrahts 1 . Der Wickeldraht 2 ist gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel vollständig mit einem Elektroisolierlack 3 beschichtet, welcher Elektroisolierlack eine Matrix aus einem Lackpolymer 4 und einen Nanofüllstoff in Form einer Vielzahl von Plättchen 5 enthält. Die Plättchen 5 bilden gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel und Fig. 1 einen Mantel aus, welcher Mantel aus drei Plättchenmänteln 8a, 8b, 8c gebildet ist und den Wickeldraht 2 vollständig umgibt. In Fig. 1 ist dargestellt, dass die Plättchen 5 des Nanofüllstoffs in eine von dem Lackpolymer 4 gebildete Matrix eingebettet sind. Weiterhin ist in der Fig. 1 erkennbar, dass die Plättchen in den Plättchenmänteln 8a, 8b, 8c überlappungsfrei um die Seele des Lackdrahts 1 bzw. um den Wickeldraht 2 angeordnet sind. Die Plättchen 5 in den Plättchenmänteln 8a, 8b, 8c sind derart um den Wickeldraht 2 angeordnet, dass sich benachbart zueinander angeordnete Plättchen 5a, 5b nicht gegenseitig überlappen. In Fig. 1, a paint wire 1 is shown, which includes a winding wire 2, which winding wire 2 is made in the embodiment of copper. Preferably and according to the embodiment of the winding wire has a diameter of 200 μιτι. The winding wire 2 forms a core of the enameled wire 1. According to the exemplary embodiment, the winding wire 2 is completely coated with an electro-insulating varnish 3, which electro-insulating varnish contains a matrix of a varnish polymer 4 and a nanofiller in the form of a multiplicity of platelets 5. According to the exemplary embodiment and FIG. 1, the platelets 5 form a jacket, which jacket is formed from three platelet coats 8a, 8b, 8c and completely surrounds the winding wire 2. FIG. 1 shows that the platelets 5 of the nanofiller are embedded in a matrix formed by the lacquer polymer 4. Furthermore, it can be seen in FIG. 1 that the platelets in the platelet sheaths 8a, 8b, 8c are arranged without overlapping around the core of the enameled wire 1 or around the winding wire 2. The platelets 5 in the platelet coats 8a, 8b, 8c are arranged around the winding wire 2 in such a way that adjacent platelets 5a, 5b do not overlap one another.
In Fig. 2 ist schematisch das Aufbringen des Elektroisolierlacks 3 auf den Wickeldraht 2 dargestellt. Der Wickeldraht 2 wird durch ein Reservoir 6 geführt, in welchem Reservoir 6 das Lackpolymer 4 vorrätig gehalten wird . In das Lackpolymer 4 sind die Plättchen 5 des Nanofüllstoffs homogen dispergiert. Durch das Fördern des Wickeldrahts 2 durch das Reservoir 6 wird der Wickeldraht 2 mit dem die Plättchen 5 enthaltenen Lackpolymer 4 beschichtet. Die Förderung In Fig. 2, the application of the Elektroisolierlacks 3 is shown schematically on the winding wire 2. The winding wire 2 is passed through a reservoir 6, in which reservoir 6, the lacquer polymer 4 is kept in stock. In the lacquer polymer 4, the platelets 5 of the nanofiller are homogeneously dispersed. By conveying the winding wire 2 through the reservoir 6, the winding wire 2 is coated with the coating polymer 4 contained in the platelets 5. The promotion
des Wickeldrahts 2 durch eine Lackierdüse 7 erfolgt derart, dass die dabei auftretenden Strömungen und Scherkräfte eine Ausrichtung der Plättchen 5 entlang des Wickeldrahts 2 bewirken, so dass die Plättchen 5 ziegelstein- strukturartig um den Wickeldraht 2 angeordnet werden. Auf diese Weise wird der den Wickeldraht 2 vollständig umgebende, von den Plättchenmänteln 8a, 8b, 8c gebildete Mantel erhalten. In Fig. 2 ist nicht dargestellt, dass der Wickeldraht 2 vor der Bildung des Elektroisolierlacks 3 auf dem Wickeldraht 2 gereinigt wird und nach dem Auftrag des Lackpolymers 4 mit den darin enthaltenen Plättchen 5 erwärmt wird. of the winding wire 2 by a Lackierdüse 7 takes place such that the occurring currents and shear forces cause alignment of the platelets 5 along the winding wire 2, so that the platelets 5 brick structure arranged around the winding wire 2. In this way, the coat completely surrounding the winding wire 2, formed by the platelet coats 8a, 8b, 8c, is obtained. In Fig. 2 is not shown that the winding wire 2 is cleaned on the winding wire 2 before the formation of the Elektroisolierlacks 3 and is heated after the application of the coating polymer 4 with the platelets 5 contained therein.

Claims

1 . Lackdraht, insbesondere Kupferlackdraht oder Aluminiumlackdraht, wobei eine Oberfläche eines eine Seele des Lackdrahts (1 ) bildenden Wickeldrahts (2) vollständig bzw. im Wesentlichen vollständig mit einem Elektroisolierlack (3) aus zumindest einem Lackpolymer (4) beschichtet ist, wobei der Elektroisolier- lack (3) zumindest einen Nanofüllstoff enthält, wobei der Nanofüllstoff von einer Vielzahl von Plättchen (5) gebildet ist, wobei ein von dem Nanofüllstoff gebildeter Plättchenmantel (8a, 8b, 8c) den Wickeldraht (2) vollständig bzw. im Wesentlichen vollständig umgibt. 1 . Enameled wire, in particular enameled copper wire or aluminum enameled wire, wherein a surface of a winding wire (2) forming a core of the enameled wire (1) is completely or substantially completely coated with an electroinsulating lacquer (3) of at least one lacquer polymer (4), the electroinsulating lacquer (3) contains at least one nanofiller, wherein the nanofiller is formed by a plurality of platelets (5), wherein a platelet cladding (8a, 8b, 8c) formed by the nanofiller completely or substantially completely surrounds the winding wire (2).
2. Lackdraht nach Anspruch 1 , wobei die Plättchen (5) vorzugsweise überlappungsfrei bzw. im Wesentlichen überlappungsfrei entlang einer Längsachse des Wickeldrahts (2) in dem Plättchenmantel (8a, 8b, 8c) angeordnet sind und/oder wobei die Plättchen (5) vorzugsweise überlappungsfrei bzw. im Wesentlichen überlappungsfrei den Wickeldraht umlaufend in dem Plättchenmantel (8a, 8b, 8c) angeordnet sind. 2. enamelled wire according to claim 1, wherein the platelets (5) preferably without overlapping or substantially overlapping along a longitudinal axis of the winding wire (2) in the platelet jacket (8a, 8b, 8c) are arranged and / or wherein the platelets (5) preferably without overlapping or essentially without overlapping the winding wire circumferentially in the platelet jacket (8a, 8b, 8c) are arranged.
3. Lackdraht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei ein Aspektverhältnis des Nanofüllstoffs bzw. der Plättchen (5) größer als 100 ist. 3. Enamelled wire according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein an aspect ratio of the nanofiller or the platelets (5) is greater than 100.
4. Lackdraht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Plättchen (5) eine Dicke von bis zu maximal 20 nm aufweisen. 4. Enamelled wire according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the platelets (5) have a thickness of up to a maximum of 20 nm.
5. Lackdraht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Plättchen (5) eine laterale Ausdehnung von zumindest 100 nm aufweisen. 5. Enamelled wire according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the platelets (5) have a lateral extent of at least 100 nm.
6. Lackdraht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der Nanofüllstoff ein Schichtsilikat ist. 6. Enamelled wire according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the nanofiller is a layered silicate.
7. Lackdraht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei der Elektroisolierlack (3) bis zu 10 Vol.-% des Nanofül Istoffs enthält. 7. Enamelled wire according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the Elektroisolierlack (3) contains up to 10 vol .-% of Nanofül Istoffs.
8. Lackdraht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das Verhältnis des Durchmessers des Wickeldrahts zum Quadrat der Dicke des Elektroisolierlacks8. Enamelled wire according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the winding wire to the square of the thickness of the Elektroisolierlacks
(3) größer oder gleich 1 m"1ist. (3) is greater than or equal to 1 m "1 .
9. Lackdraht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei der Elektroisolierlack (3) von zumindest zwei, vorteilhafterweise identischen bzw. im Wesentlichen identischen Elektroisolierlackschichten gebildet ist. 9. enamelled wire according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the Elektroisolierlack (3) of at least two, advantageously identical or substantially identical Elektroisolierlackschichten is formed.
10. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lackdrahts, insbesondere eines Lackdrahts nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei ein eine Vielzahl von Plättchen (5) aufweisender Nanofüllstoff in einem Lackpolymer (4) und/oder Lackpolymer- Vorläufer dispergiert wird, wobei ein Wickeldraht (2) mit einer Beschichtung aus dem Lackpolymer (4) mit dem darin dispergierten Nanofüllstoff und/oder aus dem Lackpolymervorläufer mit dem darin dispergierten Nanofüllstoff beschichtet wird, wobei der mit der Beschichtung beschichtete Wickeldraht (2) durch eine Lackierdüse (7) geführt wird, so dass die Plättchen (5) des Nanofüllstoffs einen den Wickeldraht (5) umgebenden Plättchenmantel bilden, wobei die Beschichtung auf dem Wickeldraht (2) zur Ausbildung eines Elektroisolierlacks (3) vorzugsweise durch Erwärmen ausgehärtet wird. 10. A method for producing an enameled wire, in particular an enameled wire according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a plurality of platelets (5) having nanofiller is dispersed in a lacquer polymer (4) and / or Lackpolymer- precursor, wherein a winding wire (2 ) is coated with a coating of the lacquer polymer (4) with the nanofiller dispersed therein and / or of the lacquer polymer precursor with the nanofiller dispersed therein, wherein the winding wire (2) coated with the coating is passed through a lacquering nozzle (7) so that the platelets (5) of the nanofiller form a platelet jacket surrounding the winding wire (5), the coating on the winding wire (2) preferably being cured by heating to form an electrical insulating varnish (3).
EP13783319.0A 2012-11-23 2013-10-24 Enamelled wire Active EP2923362B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102012111372.6A DE102012111372A1 (en) 2012-11-23 2012-11-23 Magnet wire
PCT/EP2013/072291 WO2014079647A1 (en) 2012-11-23 2013-10-24 Enamelled wire

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EP3511950A1 (en) * 2018-01-16 2019-07-17 Schwering & Hasse Elektrodraht GmbH Enamelled wire
EP3594969B1 (en) * 2018-07-10 2024-02-28 Schwering & Hasse Elektrodraht GmbH Method for producing a conductor wire coated with electro-insulating enamel and electro-insulating enamel

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JPH10335159A (en) * 1997-05-30 1998-12-18 Hitachi Ltd Dry type transformer winding
FR2815038B1 (en) * 2000-10-09 2003-01-17 Cit Alcatel VARNISH COMPOSITION, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE COMPOSITION, COATED WINDING WIRE AND RESULTANT COIL
JP2004055185A (en) * 2002-07-17 2004-02-19 Toshiba Aitekku Kk Enameled wire
WO2006045713A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-05-04 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. Functionalized nanoparticles
US7846853B2 (en) * 2005-04-15 2010-12-07 Siemens Energy, Inc. Multi-layered platelet structure
EP2526057A1 (en) * 2010-01-20 2012-11-28 Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH Method for producing phyllosilicate discs having a high aspect ratio
JP2013109874A (en) * 2011-11-18 2013-06-06 Hitachi Cable Ltd Insulated wire

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Title
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DE102012111372A1 (en) 2014-05-28
WO2014079647A1 (en) 2014-05-30

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