EP2914986A1 - Système de télémétrie électromagnétique en fond de trou employant un matériau électriquement isolant et procédés apparentés - Google Patents

Système de télémétrie électromagnétique en fond de trou employant un matériau électriquement isolant et procédés apparentés

Info

Publication number
EP2914986A1
EP2914986A1 EP12890762.3A EP12890762A EP2914986A1 EP 2914986 A1 EP2914986 A1 EP 2914986A1 EP 12890762 A EP12890762 A EP 12890762A EP 2914986 A1 EP2914986 A1 EP 2914986A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrically insulating
insulating material
well
well string
portions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12890762.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2914986A4 (fr
Inventor
Paul F. Rodney
David Lyle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Halliburton Energy Services Inc
Original Assignee
Halliburton Energy Services Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Halliburton Energy Services Inc filed Critical Halliburton Energy Services Inc
Publication of EP2914986A1 publication Critical patent/EP2914986A1/fr
Publication of EP2914986A4 publication Critical patent/EP2914986A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/02—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with propagation of electric current
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
    • E21B47/16—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the drill string or casing, e.g. by torsional acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to electromagnetic telemetry and, more specifically, to a downhole telemetry system in which electrically insulating material is placed around one or more portions of a well string in order to extend the range of the telemetry system, increase the telemetry rate, and/or reduce downhole power requirements.
  • Electromagnetic telemetry systems are used in downhole operations to transmit and receive electromagnetic signals for a variety of purposes.
  • An electromagnetic telemetry transmitter launches an electrical signal into drill pipe either by impressing a potential difference across a section of drill collar connected to the drill pipe or by launching a current on the drill string by way of a toroid that is placed around a section of the drill string.
  • FIGS. 1A and IB illustrate a drilling rig and an electromagnetic telemetry system 10 according to one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are graphs illustrating the signal improvement effects of adding electrically insulating material above and/or below the current launching device, according to one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
  • exemplary embodiments of the present invention extend the range of an electromagnetic telemetry system when the system is within a cased or uncased section of a well.
  • electrically insulating material is applied to the well string immediately above and/or immediately below the electrical current launching device (gap sub assembly or toroid, for example) or receiver. In other embodiments, the electrically insulating material may also cover the current launching device or receiver.
  • the electrically insulating material prevents the current from jumping to the casing either directly or through the drilling mud, thus preventing or reducing the severity of short circuits through the casing and/or electrical current leakage into the formation in situations where casing is not present around the transmitter, thereby improving the range and/or signal to noise ratio of the telemetry system, and/or reducing the power required by the system.
  • the electrically insulating material acts to reduce current leakage from the well string to the casing or formation during downlink operations.
  • the electrically insulating material is one or more sheets of material wrapped around the bottom hole assembly or drill pipe using an adhesive backing.
  • electrically insulating swellable material or a variety of coatings may also be utilized.
  • FIGS. 1A and IB illustrate a drilling rig 12 and an electromagnetic telemetry system 10 according to one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
  • electromagnetic telemetry system 10 generates and/or receives electromagnetic waves downhole.
  • Electromagnetic telemetry system 10 includes a bottom hole assembly 14, current launching device 16 (gap sub assembly, for example) and tubular section 18 (referred to in combination as a well string, for example), all extending down through casing 20 of well 22.
  • the term "well string,” as used herein, may refer to a variety of deployment strings such as, for example, drill string, coiled tubing, production tubing, etc. In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1A and IB, the well string is a drill string.
  • electromagnetic telemetry system 10 includes a receiver 24 electrically coupled to a ground reference 26, and may also have one or more repeaters (not shown) along tubular 18 as necessary.
  • electromagnetic telemetry system 10 communicates by launching a low frequency current (between about 1 and 30 Hz, for example) along tubular 18. Signals associated with the current are then detected at the surface by receiver 24 where a potential difference is measured between drilling rig 12 and ground 26.
  • electromagnetic telemetry system 10 may operate in, for example, a phase modulated carrier mode, pulse position modulation mode or orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing mode, or a number of other modulation modes, as will be understood by those ordinarily skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
  • electrical current launching device 16 is provided adjacent bottom hole assembly 14 (or may form part of bottom hole assembly 14).
  • electrical current launching device 16 is provided as an electrical break between bottom hole assembly 14 and tubular 18 which effectively turns the well string into a large antenna.
  • a gap sub assembly serves as the electrical break or antenna. An electrical potential difference is thereby created between bottom hole assembly 14 and tubular 18, thus creating the transmitted current.
  • the gap sub assembly is an electrical isolation joint designed to withstand the high torsional, bending, tensile and compression loads of electromagnetic telemetry system 10.
  • electrical current launching device 16 may instead be a toroid assembly, as understood in the art.
  • tubular 18 has been lowered through blow out preventer 28 down into well 22, and through casing 20.
  • tubular 18 is drill pipe fomiing part of a drill string; however, in other embodiments, tubular 18 may be, for example, coiled or production tubing utilized for some other operation. Nevertheless, tubular 18 extends down to current launching device 16 which is coupled to bottom hole assembly 14.
  • a drill bit 30 is positioned at the distal end of bottom hole assembly 14. Drill bit 30 may be rotated by a variety of methods including, for example, tubular 18 or a mud motor.
  • bottom hole assembly 14 comprises a CPU (not shown) and electromagnetic telemetry transmitter 32 that includes electronics necessary to sense, detect and transmit electromagnetic signals via current launching device 16, in addition to handling other operations of bottom hole assembly 14, as understood in the art.
  • an electrically insulating material 34 is applied around one or more portions of a drill string (tubular 18 or bottom hole assembly 14) above and/or below current launching device 16.
  • the electrically insulating material 34 need not be a perfect insulator; rather, the resistivity of electrically insulating material 34 is no less than two orders of magnitude higher than that of the fluid (drilling mud, for example) used during the downhole operation.
  • electrically insulating material 34 it is also not necessary that electrically insulating material 34 be without break along tubular 18 or bottom hole assembly 14.
  • electrically insulating material 34 may be a variety of materials, such as, for example, a swellable material, injection-molded coating, bands, sleeves, stabilizers, high oxygen fuel spray coating, anodized layers, etc.
  • the swellable material may be, for example, such materials as used in the Swell TechnologyTM Systems, commercially available through the Assignee of the present invention, Halliburton Energy Services, Co. or Houston, Texas.
  • the swellable material may be selected based upon the mud type (oil or water based, for example) such that, once contact has been made with the drilling mud, the swellable material swells onto bottom hole assembly 14 and/or tubular 18 and adheres to it.
  • electrically insulating material 34 is applied to one or more portions of the well string (i.e., tubular 18 and bottom hole assembly 14) above and/or below the current launching device 16. In one embodiment, electrically insulating material 34 is applied immediately above and/or below current launching device 16, as shown in FIGS. 1A and IB. However, in other embodiments, electrically insulating material 34 may also be placed all along tubular 18 as desired. In certain exemplary embodiments, electrically insulating material 34 may be applied as a tape that is wrapped around one or more portions of bottom hole assembly 14 as it is tripped into well 22.
  • the electrically insulating tape may be adhered along the well string by wetting it with the same fluid (drilling mud, for example) that will be utilized to cause it to swell.
  • an adhesive backing may also be utilized on the tape to adhere it to the well string.
  • Exemplary insulating tapes may be, for example, swellable materials, adhesive-backed rubber, silicone rubber, Teflon, polyester films, polyimide tapes, polymer sheets (polyethylene, for example).
  • polyethylene polyethylene, for example.
  • the use of polyethylene would be limited to about 115°C since a typical melting point for a polyethylene plastic is around 120°C.
  • the tape may be one to several feet wide and a fraction of an inch thick (1/8 inch, for example).
  • electrically insulating material 34 may be formed into a sleeve having an inner diameter somewhat larger than that of the box-pin outer diameter of bottom hole assembly 14 or tubular 18.
  • the electrically insulating sleeve would be applied along the well string as it is tripped into well 22.
  • the electrically insulating sleeve may be held in place during deployment in a variety of ways such as, for example, by applying clamps or tape to hold the electrically insulating sleeve in place until the swellable material begins to swell.
  • the electrically insulating sleeve may be snug enough around the well string portion to hold itself in place until swelling begins.
  • portions of the electrically insulating sleeve may be wetted with drilling mud, thus causing that portion of the sleeve to swell and adhere to the well string. Nevertheless, after deployment, as the electrically insulating sleeve comes into the contact with the drilling fluid, the swellable material is then activated to swell against the surface of bottom hole assembly 14 or tubular 18, thus adhering to it.
  • the swellable material may be selected, for example, based upon the type of drilling mud utilized, as will be understood by those ordinarily skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
  • electrically insulating material 34 may also be applied to one or more sections of tubular 18 using any of the methods described herein. Such an embodiment will minimize current loss during transmission along tubular 18. In prior art telemetry systems, the current traveling up the well string and casing tends to migrate off the well string/casing and go to ground, thus resulting in signal loss. However, through use of this alternate embodiment of the present invention whereby one or more portions of tubular 18 are insulated above current launching device 16, the amount of current going to ground along tubular 18 is then reduced, which increases the amount of current traveling back up the well string and reaching the surface, thus resulting in a larger amplitude signal. In certain embodiments, electrically insulating material 34 may be utilized along bottom hole assembly 14 only, tubular 18 only, or in combination along both bottom hole assembly 14 and tubular 18.
  • an electrically resistive fluid may be pumped into well 22 to assist in electrically isolating electromagnetic telemetry system from casing 22.
  • Such fluid may be drill mud and or fluid additives added to the fluid.
  • the electrically resistive fluid may be utilized without electrically insulating material 34, as will be understood by those ordinarily skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
  • exemplary embodiments of present invention may also be utilized in downlink telemetry systems which may only utilize a downhole receiver.
  • electromagnetic telemetry system 10 may comprise a receiver in place of current launching device 16 which is used to receive signals transmitted from the surface via tubular 18.
  • Such an embodiment may or may not include electromagnetic telemetry transmitter 32.
  • the receiver may be, for example, a gap sub assembly or toroid as previously described.
  • the receiver will instead receive and decode the signal in order to perform some operation within bottom hole assembly 14.
  • placement of electrically insulating material 34 around one or more portions of tubular 18 will reduce and/or eliminate current leakage from tubular 18 into casing 20 or the open hole formation, as will be understood by those ordinarily skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
  • FIG. 2A is a plot of the current on tubular 18 and casing 20 in a 2,800 foot well with 2,500 feet of drill pipe, 2,500 feet of casing, a 1 inch gap sub assembly, at a depth of 1400 feet and using .25 ohm meter mud.
  • the current very rapidly bleeds off of the pipe into casing 20 in such a way that a significant portion of the current is no longer available as a signal, but instead has been effectively shorted out by casing 20.
  • FIG. 2B is a plot of the current on tubular 18 and casing 20 in the same well as FIG. 2A, but with 400 feet of electrically insulating material 34 along bottom hole assembly 14 below the 1 inch gap sub assembly.
  • the mud resistivity is again .25 ohm meters.
  • FIG. 2C is yet another plot of the current along the well, but with 400 feet of insulation above and 400 feet of insulation below a 1 inch gap sub assembly.
  • the mud resistivity is again .25 ohm meters.
  • Chart 1 below is a summary of these and other signal levels that may be observed at the surface.
  • the signal level in millivolts appears in the first column
  • the signal level expressed as decibel millivolts appears in the second column
  • the mud resistivity appears in the third column
  • a summary of the insulation appears in the fourth column.
  • electrically insulating material 34 may be applied to the well string in a variety of ways.
  • electrically insulating material 34 may be applied to one or more portions of the well string as the well string is being made up.
  • one or more portions of the well string may be insulated before the well string is made up.
  • exemplary embodiments of the present invention may be utilized in open and cased wells. In cased sections of the well, electrical insulating material 34 reduces or prevents short circuits from current launching device 16 into casing 20. In open sections of the well, electrical insulating material 34 reduces or prevents current leakage from the well string into the formation.
  • the up hole or down hole telemetry range of electromagnetic telemetry system 10 is increased by a distance roughly equal to the length of insulation applied and downhole power requirements are reduced. Therefore, electromagnetic telemetry is efficiently provided while drilling (or performing other operations) with the telemetry transmitter inside and outside the casing.
  • the portion of the well string below current launching device 16 may be insulated.
  • portions of the well string above current launching device 16 may be insulated.
  • the length of one or more electrically conductive portions of the formation along the open well may be determined, and the length of electrically insulating material 34 is determined based upon the length of the conductive formation.
  • the location of the electrically conductive formations may be determined based upon, for example, resistivity logs of other wells near the well under construction, as will be understood by those ordinarily skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
  • those same skilled persons can readily determine the length of electrically conductive material necessary to be applied above current launching device 16 (or the receiver). For example, if the well is a vertical well and the bit run is planned to extend to a depth of 12,000 feet, the electromagnetic transmitter is 200 feet above the drill bit, and a very conductive formation extends from 10,000 to 11,000 feet, then 1,800 feet of electrically insulating material 34 may be positioned above the current launching device 16 so that once current launching device 16 passed the bottom of the conductive formation (i.e.
  • tubular 18 there would always be electrically insulating material 34 between tubular 18 and the formation. Nevertheless, in either embodiment, one or more portions of the well string above and/or below current launching device 16 or the receiver (not shown) may also be insulated.
  • An exemplary methodology of the present invention provides a method for utilizing an electromagnetic telemetry system in a downhole well, the method comprising providing a well string comprising one or more tubulars attached to a bottom hole assembly, the bottom hole assembly comprising at least one of an electrical current launching device or a receiver; applying electrically insulating material around one or more portions of the well string; deploying the bottom hole assembly into the well; conducting an electromagnetic telemetry operation using the bottom hole assembly; and utilizing the electrically insulating material to reduce at least one of short circuits from the current launching device to casing or current leakage from the well string into the casing or formation along the well.
  • the conducted electromagnetic telemetry operation may be, for example, transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic signals along the system.
  • Another method further comprises applying the electrically insulating material around one or more portions of the well string immediately above or below the current launching device or receiver.
  • applying the electrically insulating material around the one or more portions of the well string comprises wrapping the one or more portions of the well string with one or more sheets of electrically insulating material.
  • applying the electrically insulating material around the one or more portions of the well string comprises positioning an insulation sleeve around the one or more portions of the well string, the insulation sleeve being comprised of electrically insulating swellable material.
  • applying the electrically insulating material around the one or more portions of the well string comprises applying at least one of: an electrically insulating swellable material; an electrically insulating injection-molded coating; an electrically insulating spray coating; or an electrically insulating anodized layer.
  • applying the electrically insulating material around the one or more portions of the well string comprises: determining a length of an electrically conductive portion of the formation along the well; and applying the electrically insulating material based upon the determined length.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic telemetry system for use in a downhole well, the system comprising a well string comprising one or more tubulars attached to a bottom hole assembly, the bottom hole assembly comprising at least one of an electrical current launching device or a receiver; and electrically insulating material positioned around one or more portions of the well string to reduce at least one of short circuits from the current launching device to casing; or current leakage from the well string into the casing or formation along the well.
  • the electrically insulating material is positioned immediately above or below the current launching device or receiver.
  • the electrical current launching device is a gap sub assembly or a toroid.
  • the receiver is a gap sub assembly or a toroid.
  • the electrically insulating material is one or more sheets of electrically insulating material. In yet another, the electrically insulating material is an insulation sleeve. In another, the electrically insulating material is at least one of: an electrically insulating swellable material; an electrically insulating injection-molded coating; an electrically insulating spray coating; or an electrically insulating anodized layer.
  • Yet another exemplary methodology of the present invention provides a method for utilizing an electromagnetic telemetry system in a downhole well, the method comprising: applying electrically insulating material around one or more portions of a well string comprising at least one of an electrical current launching device or a receiver; deploying the well string into the well; and utilizing the electrically insulating material to reduce at least one of short circuits from the current launching device to casing or current leakage from the well string into the casing formation along the well.
  • Another method further comprises applying the electrically insulating material around one or more portions of the well string immediately above or below the current launching device or receiver.
  • applying the electrically insulating material around the one or more portions of the well string comprises applying at least one of an electrically insulating swellable material; an electrically insulating injection-molded coating; an electrically insulating spray coating; or an electrically insulating anodized layer.
  • applying the electrically insulating material around the one or more portions of the well string comprises determining a length of an electrically conductive portion of the formation along the well; and applying the electrically insulating material based upon the determined length.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé de télémétrie électromagnétique en fond de trou, caractérisés en ce qu'un matériau électriquement isolant est placé au-dessus et/ou au-dessous d'un dispositif émetteur ou récepteur de courant électrique le long d'une colonne de puits afin de prolonger la portée du système de télémétrie, d'accroître la cadence de télémétrie et/ou de réduire les besoins de puissance au fond.
EP12890762.3A 2012-12-28 2012-12-28 Système de télémétrie électromagnétique en fond de trou employant un matériau électriquement isolant et procédés apparentés Withdrawn EP2914986A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2012/072080 WO2014105051A1 (fr) 2012-12-28 2012-12-28 Système de télémétrie électromagnétique en fond de trou employant un matériau électriquement isolant et procédés apparentés

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2914986A1 true EP2914986A1 (fr) 2015-09-09
EP2914986A4 EP2914986A4 (fr) 2016-09-21

Family

ID=51021868

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12890762.3A Withdrawn EP2914986A4 (fr) 2012-12-28 2012-12-28 Système de télémétrie électromagnétique en fond de trou employant un matériau électriquement isolant et procédés apparentés

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20150315906A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2914986A4 (fr)
CN (1) CN104937442B (fr)
AU (1) AU2012397852B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR112015013673B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2890618C (fr)
RU (1) RU2612952C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014105051A1 (fr)

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CN111441760A (zh) * 2020-04-01 2020-07-24 华中科技大学 一种投捞式井下无线传输系统、无线充电设备及方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2890618C (fr) 2019-02-12
AU2012397852A1 (en) 2015-05-21
US20150315906A1 (en) 2015-11-05
AU2012397852B2 (en) 2017-04-13
EP2914986A4 (fr) 2016-09-21
CA2890618A1 (fr) 2014-07-03
CN104937442A (zh) 2015-09-23
BR112015013673B1 (pt) 2021-08-10
RU2015122721A (ru) 2017-02-06
BR112015013673A2 (pt) 2017-07-11
CN104937442B (zh) 2019-03-08
RU2612952C2 (ru) 2017-03-14
WO2014105051A1 (fr) 2014-07-03

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