EP2912765B1 - Machine dynamo-électrique - Google Patents

Machine dynamo-électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2912765B1
EP2912765B1 EP13799092.5A EP13799092A EP2912765B1 EP 2912765 B1 EP2912765 B1 EP 2912765B1 EP 13799092 A EP13799092 A EP 13799092A EP 2912765 B1 EP2912765 B1 EP 2912765B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
generator
exciter
dynamo
battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13799092.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2912765A2 (fr
Inventor
Vesa RIIHIMÄKI
Timo Mahlanen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wartsila Finland Oy
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Wartsila Finland Oy
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Publication date
Application filed by Wartsila Finland Oy filed Critical Wartsila Finland Oy
Publication of EP2912765A2 publication Critical patent/EP2912765A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2912765B1 publication Critical patent/EP2912765B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/08—Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
    • H02K19/36—Structural association of synchronous generators with auxiliary electric devices influencing the characteristic of the generator or controlling the generator, e.g. with impedances or switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • H02P9/102—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for limiting effects of transients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/302—Brushless excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H02P9/34—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using magnetic devices with controllable degree of saturation in combination with controlled discharge tube or controlled semiconductor device

Definitions

  • the invention concerns in general the technical field of dynamo-electric machines. Especially the invention concerns brushless excitation systems for AC generators.
  • Electric generator is a device for converting mechanical energy to electrical energy. This is achieved by arranging so called rotor to rotate around so called stator. Either of the mentioned elements is excited and thus an alternating electric current is induced to the other mentioned element as a result of the rotation of the elements in relation to each other.
  • the rotor and the stator belong to so called excitation circuit of the generator.
  • the excitation circuit may comprise other elements, such as a rectifier for converting the alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) in order to feed the DC current to a field winding for producing the main output voltage in the stator of the generator.
  • the powering of the excitation system is taken from the voltage induced in the stator.
  • the AC voltage is adjusted on an appropriate level by means of a transformer, which is configured to transform the voltage from the excitation circuit appropriate to the excitation system of the generator.
  • the excitation system is configured to power itself.
  • the activation i.e. start-up of the generator is a special situation due to the fact that the excitation of the system needs to be arranged in order to make the system to operate. In practice this means that pre-excitation is needed for achieving the voltage in the stator to rise on such a level that the excitation circuit produces enough power for at least its needs and thus the system starts to operate.
  • a first known solution, as illustrated in Fig. 1 , for achieving pre-excitation for the generator 101 is an arrangement in which a permanent magnet 103 is embedded into an exciter 102. More specifically, the exciter 102 comprises a rotor 102 A and a stator 102 B for producing an excitation voltage for the generator 101. Further, the permanent magnet 103 is embedded in the stator 102 B of the exciter 102. The magnetic field of the permanent magnet 103 produces a voltage in the rotor 102 A , when the rotor is rotating, which is enough to induce a preliminary current for a rotor main field of the generator 101, and thus initiate the operation of the generator 101.
  • Fig. 1 A first known solution, as illustrated in Fig. 1 , for achieving pre-excitation for the generator 101 is an arrangement in which a permanent magnet 103 is embedded into an exciter 102. More specifically, the exciter 102 comprises a rotor 102 A and a stator 102 B for producing an excitation voltage
  • An objective of the invention is to present a dynamo-electric machine comprising generator excitation system which enables a fast start-up of a generator.
  • the objects of the invention are reached by a machine as defined by the respective independent claim.
  • a dynamo-electric machine which comprises a generator with a field winding, the generator being connected with its output to a bus bar, a brushless type exciter which feeds the generator field winding, the exciter comprising an exciter field winding.
  • the dynamo-electric machine according to the first aspect comprises a transformer connected to the bus bar, a rectifier connected to transformer for rectifying the output voltage of the transformer, a voltage regulator for regulating the bus bar voltage, and an auxiliary DC current source is arranged in series between the rectifier and the voltage regulator.
  • the auxiliary DC current source is be a battery. Further, the battery is configured to provide a voltage level matching with the maximum exciter field voltage which is needed during transient conditions.
  • the voltage level of the battery may be between 100-250 V DC.
  • the rectifier within the dynamo-electric machine may be a thyristor-controlled rectifier bridge configured to be actuated by ignition angle signals from the voltage regulator.
  • the voltage regulator may be connected to bus bar monitoring means for regulating the bus bar voltage by controlling the voltages to exciter field winding and the generator a field winding.
  • Excitation of the dynamo-electric machine is battery assisted. This has an advantage in that the machine is not dependant on power grid state or external DC power supply systems during start-up.
  • the battery is selected to be applicable to the situation.
  • the battery provides sufficient voltage and power at the very initial moments of start-up.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the invention as a diagram.
  • the exciter 102 is configured to produce an initiation voltage for the generator 101 to make the system to operate.
  • Fig. 2 discloses dynamo-electric machine 10 comprising a generator 101.
  • the output the generator 101 is connected to a bus bar 109, which leads to a grid (not shown).
  • the generator is supplied with brushless excitation system.
  • the field winding of the generator 101 is fed by a brushless type exciter 102, which generates an AC voltage, which is rectified by means of an internal rectifier 104.
  • the exciter 102 comprises a rotor 102 A and a stator 102 B .
  • the field winding of the exciter 102 is supplied with a DC current.
  • the exciter 102 is arranged to be controlled by a voltage regulator 106, such as an automatic voltage regulator (AVR).
  • AVR is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a certain voltage level.
  • the AVR senses the voltage in the main generator winding/terminal and controls the power fed to the exciter field.
  • AVR may also have protecting or limiting functions for magnetizing system of dynamo-electric machine.
  • the voltage regulator 106 also comprises a feedback coupling 107 by means of which the excitation system can be controlled.
  • Feedback coupling 107 is configured to monitor generator monitoring means 111. Additional measurements can, for example, be arranged for magnetization current, reactive power and effective power with a corresponding measurement apparatus. Based on these measurements the AVR controls rectifier 110 and its output voltage.
  • the rectifier 110 may be a thyristor-controlled rectifier bridge configured to be actuated by ignition angle signals from the voltage regulator 106.
  • the power source 201 such as battery, is arranged in series between the rectifier 110 and the voltage regulator 106. This has an advantage in that the voltage regulator 106 may have constant input voltage during starting and running stage. This simplifies the control features in the voltage regulator 106, because the rotational speed of the shaft driven by prime mover, such as speed of reciprocating internal combustion engine, does not have any significant effect on controlling the excitation system.
  • the electric charge capacity of the battery in ampere-hour (Ah) is advantageously in minimum 30 seconds power at maximum AVR power output, in order to sustain full output during any grid transient situation.
  • Voltage may be selected so that it is high enough to supply maximum exciter field voltage continuously for 30 seconds (this voltage level is typically around 100 - 250V DC).
  • the current should be the maximum allowed momentary exciter field current during a short circuit situation.
  • the applicable battery types may be nickel cadmium battery, lead acid battery, lithium ion battery and even power capacitors may be used.
  • the charging of the battery may be arranged so that the battery is charged during operation from a dedicated power supply transformer which is connected to the terminals of the machine.
  • a dedicated power supply transformer which is connected to the terminals of the machine.
  • the normal low voltage power supply from the grid can be used for maintaining the charge in the battery.
  • the grid power is not available, but as the battery has been charged full, a quick start-up of the system can be arranged even during black out situation.
  • the main benefit is that the AVR power supply level maintains at a constant level even during a transient situation in the grid. This arrangement also allows the battery to be charged automatically.
  • the voltage regulator such as AVR (Automatic Voltage regulator) is configured to take care of voltage control of the generator. In order to maintain generator voltage and reactive power at target levels, it is arranged to draw more power from the battery and feed it to the generator excitation system. Having a constant and solid DC power supply makes the AVR control more accurate as one variable (i.e. supply voltage level) is eliminated from the factors that impact the control accuracy.
  • AVR Automatic Voltage regulator
  • transformer 105 In order to provide DC voltage to the rectifier 110 from the generator 101 a transformer 105 is arranged to convert AC voltage to DC voltage.
  • the transformers 105 applied in the environments as described are dry type applicable in medium speed generator applications.
  • some liquid-filled transformers may be applied, such as oil filled transformers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Machine dynamo-électrique (10), comprenant
    - un générateur (101) possédant un enroulement de champ, le générateur étant relié par sa sortie à une barre omnibus (109),
    - une excitatrice de type sans balai (102) qui alimente l'enroulement de champ du générateur, l'excitatrice (102) comprenant un enroulement de champ d'excitatrice,
    - un transformateur (105) relié à la barre omnibus (109),
    - un redresseur (110) relié au transformateur (105) pour redresser la tension de sortie du transformateur (105),
    - un régulateur de tension (106) servant à réguler la tension de la barre omnibus (109) en contrôlant la puissance fournie à l'excitatrice,
    caractérisée en ce qu'une source de courant CC auxiliaire (201) est disposée en série entre le redresseur (110) et le régulateur de tension (106), la source de courant CC auxiliaire (201) étant une batterie qui est configurée pour fournir un niveau de tension qui correspond à la tension de champ d'excitatrice maximale qui est nécessaire durant les régimes transitoires.
  2. Machine dynamo-électrique (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le niveau de tension de la batterie est situé entre 100 Vcc et 250 Vcc.
  3. Machine dynamo-électrique (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le redresseur (110) est un pont redresseur commandé par thyristors, configuré pour être actionné par des signaux d'angle d'allumage issus du régulateur de tension (106).
  4. Machine dynamo-électrique (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le régulateur de tension (106) est relié à un moyen de surveillance de barre omnibus (111) pour réguler la tension de barre omnibus en commandant les tensions appliqués à l'enroulement de champ d'excitatrice et à l'enroulement de champ du générateur.
EP13799092.5A 2012-10-24 2013-10-24 Machine dynamo-électrique Active EP2912765B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20126099A FI124112B (en) 2012-10-24 2012-10-24 Generator Electrical Engineering
PCT/FI2013/051004 WO2014064337A2 (fr) 2012-10-24 2013-10-24 Machine dynamo-électrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2912765A2 EP2912765A2 (fr) 2015-09-02
EP2912765B1 true EP2912765B1 (fr) 2018-08-01

Family

ID=49683774

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13799092.5A Active EP2912765B1 (fr) 2012-10-24 2013-10-24 Machine dynamo-électrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2912765B1 (fr)
FI (1) FI124112B (fr)
WO (1) WO2014064337A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4947810A (fr) * 1972-08-23 1974-05-09
US4032835A (en) * 1976-03-15 1977-06-28 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Brushless exciter supplemental ceiling excitation system
EP1959555A1 (fr) * 2007-02-15 2008-08-20 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Machine dynamoélectrique avec un excitateur sans balai et procédé de fonctionnement d'une tel machine dynamoélectrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014064337A2 (fr) 2014-05-01
FI20126099A (fi) 2014-03-14
EP2912765A2 (fr) 2015-09-02
FI124112B (en) 2014-03-14
WO2014064337A3 (fr) 2014-10-09

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