EP2909288A2 - Method and device for converting organic secondary raw materials into oil mist - Google Patents
Method and device for converting organic secondary raw materials into oil mistInfo
- Publication number
- EP2909288A2 EP2909288A2 EP13808205.2A EP13808205A EP2909288A2 EP 2909288 A2 EP2909288 A2 EP 2909288A2 EP 13808205 A EP13808205 A EP 13808205A EP 2909288 A2 EP2909288 A2 EP 2909288A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conversion
- drum
- raw materials
- conversion drum
- secondary raw
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
- B01J8/10—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by stirrers or by rotary drums or rotary receptacles or endless belts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
- C10G1/086—Characterised by the catalyst used
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00265—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00265—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling
- B01J2208/00274—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling involving reactant vapours
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00265—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling
- B01J2208/00283—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling involving reactant liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00265—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling
- B01J2208/00292—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling involving reactant solids
- B01J2208/003—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling involving reactant solids involving reactant slurries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
- B01J2208/00752—Feeding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
- B01J2208/00761—Discharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/0204—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
- B01J2219/0236—Metal based
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/0204—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
- B01J2219/0236—Metal based
- B01J2219/024—Metal oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/0015—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
- B01J8/002—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor with a moving instrument
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for conversion of organic secondary raw materials to oil mist as a basis for particular fuels and an apparatus for carrying out such a method.
- a method and a device are already known from DE 100 21 383 AI.
- the organic secondary raw materials are converted by means of pyrolysis at 450-480 ° Celsius. At temperatures above 420 ° C, however, dioxins are formed, so that this method or such a device have a disadvantage.
- the object of the present invention is to avoid the above disadvantages.
- a method and a device suitable for carrying out this method should be provided, with which organic secondary raw materials can be converted into oil mist with high efficiency.
- The. Protective layer is preferably formed of aluminum-silicate powder which is heated to a temperature in the range of about 400 ° - 500 ° Celsius or 450 ° Celsius.
- Such a method according to the invention may be carried out in a device comprising a conversion drum the inside of which is made of a high temperature resistant, high acid resistant, high abrasion resistant alloy, e.g. Hastelloy, and the conversion drum has means by which exhaust gases of a heat engine, e.g. a gas turbine, for heating by the conversion drum can be passed without the exhaust gases in a Konversionspp. Reaction space of the conversion drum, so the space bounded by the inside of the conversion drum, in which the catalytic depolymerization reaction (also referred to as conversion or conversion reaction) takes place.
- a heat engine e.g. a gas turbine
- the inventive method for the conversion of organic secondary raw materials to oil mist as the basis for particular fuels provides for a conversion of organic secondary raw materials by catalytic depolymerization at 320 - 380 ° Celsius before oxygen.
- the catalyst used for the catalytic depolymerization is an aluminum-silicate powder.
- the conversion depolymerizes the organic secondary raw materials in the conversion drum to oil.
- the oil preferably has a chain length distribution, which is preferably in the range of the chain length distributions of hydrocarbon-based energy carriers or fuels.
- the reaction product oil is mostly in the form of mist.
- the oil mist occupies the free space of the conversion or reaction space of the conversion drum.
- the remaining part of the oil is in liquid form.
- the oil in liquid form which is also referred to below as process oil, preferably collects in the bottom region of the conversion drum and mixes with the part of the aluminum-silicate powder present in the conversion drum there.
- the aluminum Silicate powder is slowly transported through the conversion drum together with the organic secondary raw material. An overflowing part of the aluminum-silicate powder is discharged from the conversion drum, cleaned of process waste, ie, for example, not completely biodegradable components of the secondary raw materials used, and introduced again on the input side in the conversion drum.
- the inventive apparatus for carrying out the method described above comprises a rotatable and heatable conversion drum whose inner wall consists of a high temperature resistant, high acid resistant, highly abrasion-resistant alloy, a screw press for compacting the organic secondary raw materials at a pressure of up to 27 MPa and a crushing device for crushing the compacted organic secondary raw materials.
- the conversion drum further comprises a conversion space and a Schugasraum, which are sealed off from each other, so that exhaust gases of a heat engine, preferably a gas turbine or a reciprocating internal combustion engine can be passed to the heating of the conversion drum in the heating gas space without the exhaust gases get into the conversion space ,
- the comminuted organic secondary raw materials are introduced by means of a conveyor into the heatable conversion drum.
- a device for recycling (17) of the catalyst is provided in the device in order to clean overflowing aluminum-silicate powder, which emerges on the discharge side together with process waste and oil, from the process waste and to reintroduce it into the conversion drum on the input side.
- caking of the catalyst powder to the inner wall of the conversion drum is prevented by a powdery additive which is also present in the conversion drum.
- the additive is a mineral.
- the device comprises a heat engine driving a generator, preferably a piston engine or a gas turbine.
- the heat engine is operated with at least a portion of the oil mist obtained by the process, and the exhaust gases of the heat engine serve as heating gas for heating the conversion drum.
- distilled water is obtained from the exhaust gases of a gas turbine, which can be used as a heat engine.
- the inside of the conversion drum is coated with a protective layer against abrasion by the aluminum-silicate powder.
- the protective layer is preferably formed of aluminum-silicate powder which is heated to a temperature in the range of about 400 ° - 500 ° Celsius and about 450 ° Celsius, respectively.
- an inlet opening and an outlet side each have an inlet opening and an outlet opening in the conversion drum and an outlet opening from the conversion drum, which are designed as inner hub openings.
- the inlet opening in the conversion drum has at least one rotating screw whose circumference terminates with a circumference of the inlet opening.
- the conversion drum has an inner jacket and an outer jacket which define a gap forming the heating gas space.
- On the discharge side of the conversion drum on is an inlet for the heating gas and on the entry side of the conversion drum, an outlet for the heating gas for the passage of the heating gas through the conversion drum is provided.
- the inlet and the outlet communicate with a fuel gas supply device.
- the inner sheath is made of a high temperature resistant, high acid resistant, highly abrasion resistant alloy and the outer sheath is made of stainless steel.
- the device has in the direction of rotation of the conversion drum slightly curved, convex transport or lifting strips, which are preferably fixed with interruptions on the inner circumference of the inner wall of the conversion drum.
- the transport or lifting strips of a high temperature resistant, high acid resistant, highly abrasion-resistant alloy.
- a number of 24 to 36 turns of the transport or lifting strips is provided.
- the inner shell has a plurality of parallel aligned grooves extending in the axial direction.
- the device additionally comprises tubes which run through the interior of the conversion drum and communicate with the inlet and outlet for the heating gas for the passage of the exhaust gas heating gas.
- the tubes are made of a high temperature resistant, high acid resistant, high abrasion resistant alloy.
- the transport or lifting strips gas-tight from the interior of the conversion drum completed profiles, and the profiles are connected to the inlet and outlet ports for the passage of the exhaust gas heating gas in conjunction, so that by the transport or lifting strips the Exhaust gas heating gases can be routed.
- the inlet for the heating gas communicates with a heating gas supply device.
- the outlet for the heating gas is connected to a device for obtaining distilled water from water vapor or to a device for obtaining water gas.
- the flow cross section of the heating gas space between the inlet and the outlet for the heating gas is greater than the smallest flow cross section of the heating gas supply device.
- the inlet opening communicates with a bunker for organic secondary raw materials and a means for recycling the catalyst
- the outlet opening communicates with a fractionating column, a fuel inlet of the heat engine and the means for recycling the catalyst.
- the means for recycling the catalyst comprises means for cleaning the catalyst to filter the process wastes from a mixture of aluminum silicate powder, process waste and oil.
- the means for recycling the catalyst preferably comprises a cooling system to cool the mixture of aluminum silicate powder, process waste and oil and / or the purified mixture of aluminum silicate powder and oil.
- the inlet opening of the conversion drum is designed such that it has a slight C0 2 - overpressure during operation of the device according to the invention.
- the at least one rotating screw in the inlet opening consists of ceramic or the rotating screw is coated with ceramic.
- one or more rotary valves can be provided in the device, which preferably consists of two rotors, rotatable, each provided with a cutout rotors to prevent entry or a transport of air into the conversion space of the conversion drum.
- One of the rotors is arranged on the input side with respect to the rotary valve, while the other rotor is arranged on the output side with respect to the rotary valve.
- the cutout of the input-side rotor is first opened, that is, rotated to the position for receiving the material to be transported and then back to the closed position.
- a rotary valve may be disposed between the inlet opening in the conversion drum and the bunker for organic secondary raw materials.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an apparatus for conversion of organic secondary substances to oil mist according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a cross section through a conversion drum according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the discharge side of the device for conversion of organic secondary substances to oil mist according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention for conversion of organic secondary substances to oil mist or process oil.
- Fig. 1 shows in particular a Conversion drum 12, in whose interior the conversion process takes place, with their connections.
- the conversion drum 12 has for this purpose two inner hub connections 12.1 and 12.2.
- a rotating screw or metering screw 11 is arranged, the circumference of which closes with the circumference of the opening.
- the rotating screw or metering screw 11 is preferably made of a metal such as steel, stainless steel or an alloy.
- the screw or metering screw 1 1 may also consist of ceramic or is designed as a ceramic-coated screw or metering screw 11 made of a metal such as steel, stainless steel or an alloy.
- the ceramic version or the ceramic-coated design proves to be advantageous especially resistant to temperature and abrasion.
- two openings 4 and 5 are provided for the passage of a heating gas through the conversion drum 12.
- the heating gas is preferably composed of exhaust gases of a heat engine (not shown), such as a gas turbine or a heat engine of a combined heat and power plant together.
- the heat engine is preferably operated substoichiometrically, so that essentially no oxygen is contained in the exhaust gases.
- Exhaust gases are directed through the conversion drum 12 so that they do not enter the interior of the / the conversion drum / conversion space.
- the organic secondary raw materials are conducted in optionally comminuted form from the bunker 7 into the inlet opening of the conversion drum 12, so that they reach the conversion space of the conversion drum 12. Exemplary embodiments of this will be explained in more detail below.
- a rotary valve with cut, rotatable discs Before the hub entrance 12.1 in the direction of the container 7 for secondary raw materials, for example, a rotary valve with cut, rotatable discs can be arranged.
- the rotary valve When the rotary valve is closed in the direction of the container 7 and open in the direction of the inner hub inlet 12.1, 2 overpressure can be generated in the rotary valve C0. As a result, the inlet opening of the conversion drum 12 is sealed against the outside atmosphere.
- FIG. 1 further shows an embodiment according to the invention of an input-side raw material preparation for the secondary raw materials.
- the raw material processing essentially comprises pre-sorting, preheating, degassing and compaction of the organic secondary raw materials.
- the secondary raw materials are for example in the form of coarsely chopped plastic waste, wood, woody waste or other types of organic waste.
- Waste plastics include, for example, in domestic and / or commercial areas accumulating packaging materials, production waste the preferred plastics processing industry, intended for disposal, made of plastics products and the like. It should be noted that in the context of the present invention, the term organic secondary raw materials is to be understood as meaning in particular organic compounds of both biological and synthetic origin.
- the organic secondary raw materials are introduced, for example, into a storage bunker 1, from which the organic secondary raw materials are fed via a screw conveyor or a screw conveyor 2 to an air classifier.
- a magnetic sorting device 2a is preferably arranged, via which the organic secondary raw materials are first supplied via the screw conveyor or the screw conveyor 2. Magnetic sorting device 2a removes impurities from magnetic materials from the organic secondary raw materials.
- heating gas is injected into the organic secondary raw materials supplied by the screw conveyor or the screw conveyor 2.
- the heating gas can for example be supplied directly from the heat engine to the wind generator 3 or the heating gas, which was passed through the conversion drum 12, can be supplied to the wind generator 3.
- a mixture of heating gas from the heat engine and heating gas after passage through the conversion drum 12 may be used. According to the proportions of the supplied hot gases, the mixture can be adjusted to a desired temperature. (Preferred temperature is in the range of 280-380 ° C).
- the heating gas dries up the organic secondary raw materials and displaces the oxygen-containing air that surrounds the organic secondary raw materials.
- the organic secondary raw materials are then blown to an air classifier 4 and further into a cyclone. With the help of the air classifier 4 and the cyclone 5 (or centrifugal separator) further impurities can be removed from the organic secondary raw materials.
- the cyclone 5 can be emptied during operation.
- the discharge takes place here also via a rotary valve to avoid gas exchange with the outside atmosphere.
- the organic secondary raw materials presorted by means of the magnetic sorting device 2a, the air classifier 4 and the cyclone 5 are fed to an evacuation bunker or bunker 7, in which the organic secondary raw materials continue as required be dried and / or preheated.
- heating gas can preferably be used; ie, as previously described heating gas directly from the heat engine, the conversion drum 12 leaving fuel gas or a mixture of fuel gas from these two sources.
- the continued injection of fuel gas also ensures that residual amounts of oxygen-containing air, which were carried by the organic secondary raw materials in the evacuation bunker or bin 7, are blown out.
- the organic secondary raw materials after drying substantially no residual water content more.
- a final degassing is advantageously carried out in a screw extruder or a screw extruder 9, preferably a twin screw extruder or a twin screw extruder, to which the organic secondary raw materials from the evacuation bunker or bunker 7 are preferably fed by means of a pusher feed 8.
- the screw press 9 compresses the presorted and predried organic secondary raw materials from the evacuation bunker or bunker 7, as shown schematically in FIG. 1 by way of example.
- the screw press 9 compresses the secondary raw materials under high flank pressure up to approx. 270 bar.
- the exhaust-air mixture supplied for drying is removed from the secondary raw materials and in a second phase the secondary raw materials are compacted at a temperature in a range of for example approximately 80-92 ° Celsius achieved, so that a compact strand is obtained from the supplied secondary raw materials.
- the residual moisture may preferably escape through an opening provided in the screw press 9 or be removed by a degassing system with vacuum pump 21.
- the degassing system with vacuum pump 21 may also be additionally connected to the cyclone for the extraction of gas.
- the screw press or the screw extruder 9 is preferably equipped with a water cooling.
- the flank pressure of up to about 270 bar is preferably achieved with secondary raw materials such as wood or woody waste.
- the present in compacted strand form secondary raw materials can now be further processed by means of a comminution device 10, such as a mill or a mill, so that the secondary raw materials in a fraction with a present or advantageous for the subsequent Depolymerisationsvon particle size or particle size distribution.
- Typical particle sizes are preferably in a range of 50 mm ⁇ 15 mm ⁇ 1 mm and smaller.
- the secondary raw materials processed by the comminution device 10 in the desired particle size or particle size distribution can now be introduced, distributed into the conversion space 25 of the conversion drum 12, by an entry spinner device (not shown), such as an entry spinner wheel. It is also possible to introduce the processed secondary raw materials via a preferably insulated feed pipe by means of a metering screw 11 (screw conveyor) in different areas in the conversion space of the conversion drum 12 in order to obtain an initial distribution of introduced secondary raw materials.
- the entry by means of entry tube can preferably be used in purely biological, organic secondary raw materials.
- the feed tube may for example be provided in such a way, the secondary raw materials to be introduced into different areas of the e.g. first third of the conversion space 25 of the conversion drum 12 introduce.
- the entry pipe can be half-cut into the shape of a groove.
- the conversion to oil mist or process oil with the assistance of the catalyst may require the supply of additional hydrogen.
- the hydrogen additionally required for the conversion or depolymerization can be supplied or made available, for example, by the conversion process taking place in a hydrogen atmosphere or in a hydrogen-enriched atmosphere.
- the conversion drum 12 are, for example, on the inner periphery in particular hypoid-shaped, spirally arranged guide rails, eg Hebet. Transport strips, which are attached or attached in the conversion space on the inside of the conversion drum 12.
- These lifting or transport bars are slightly curved and convex in the direction of rotation of the conversion drum 12. These may advantageously also have interruptions in their course. They transport the secondary raw materials together with the catalyst, which is in operation of the device in the conversion drum 12 and is returned from a sword wash along with process oil in the entry pipe.
- the catalyst powder and the organic secondary raw materials pass through the conversion drum 12, in which the catalytic conversion of the organic secondary raw materials into oil mist or process oil takes place at 320 ° -8080 ° C.
- a caking of the catalyst powder on the inner wall of the heated conversion drum 12 is prevented by a mineralfbrmiges additive, which is preferably also mixed in powder form and the catalyst powder. It should be noted that the oils obtained by the catalytic conversion are substantially or largely in the form of fog at the temperature of 320 - 380 ° Celsius.
- the oil mist obtained from the conversion or the process oil obtained by the outlet opening 12.2 in respective proportions to a heat engine, such. a piston engine or a gas turbine, and a distillation or fractionation column 14 passed.
- a heat engine such. a piston engine or a gas turbine
- a distillation or fractionation column 14 passed.
- waste from the conversion reaction is obtained.
- these wastes comprise both silicates and mineral or metallic constituents, which are already being supplied as impurities in the organic secondary raw materials to the conversion process, as well as reaction products which are obtained from the impurities of the organic secondary raw materials.
- the transport process which requires the organic secondary raw materials together with the catalyst powder through the conversion drum 12, leads to the fact that not only the process waste but also (undesirably) catalyst powder is conveyed out of the conversion drum 12. This process is also referred to below as "overflowing.” It should be noted that the conversion drum 12 is preferably filled with catalyst powder essentially up to the discharge-side hub height.
- the catalyst contaminated with process waste is passed together with process oil in a device for cleaning and then returned in purified form together with process oil in the conversion drum 12.
- This can be done for example with the help of a vibration tube and gravity.
- a sword wash is used, for example, to separate the catalyst and the process waste, which are led out together with process oil on the discharge side 12.2 of the conversion drum 12 via a metering lock in cell wheel 15.
- the process waste is separated from the catalyst powder and the process oil.
- the purified catalyst powder with the process oil is preferably reclaimed by a spiral conveyor into the inlet opening 12.1 of the conversion drum 12.
- One Cooling system 20 can also be provided to cool the overflowed mixture or purified catalyst powder.
- the device for cleaning the overflowed mixture of process waste, catalyst powder and process oil which is led out through the metering sluice in cell wheel 15 on the discharge side of the conversion drum 12, as a screening device with rotary valve 16 in the catalyst recirculation device be.
- the overflowed mixture or the purified catalyst powder with process oil is conveyed by means of screw conveyors.
- the rotary valve of the screening device 16 ensures that no air of the outside atmosphere can penetrate into the system when discharging the screened waste.
- the heating gas used for heating the mixture of secondary raw materials and catalyst present in the conversion or reaction chamber 25 of the conversion drum 12 may, for example, flow through pipes (not shown) arranged inside the conversion drum 12.
- Such tubes also serving as transport rods, as well as the inside of the conversion drum 12, may preferably be made of a high temperature resistant, high acid resistant, high abrasion resistant alloy, e.g. Hastelloy, be made. Hastelloy also the transport or lifting strips described above can be made.
- the conversion drum 12 can also be heated by passing the exhaust gases through a gap of an outer jacket 28 and an inner jacket of the conversion drum 12, the inner jacket 29 preferably being made of a high temperature resistant, high acid resistant, high abrasion resistant alloy, such as e.g. Hastelloy, and the outer sheath is preferably made of stainless steel.
- the inner jacket 29 closes off the conversion space 25 of the conversion drum 12 to the outside.
- Hastelloy is the brand name of a nickel-based alloy from Haynes International Inc. The designated group of materials is resistant to many harsh chemicals, highly corrosion resistant and high temperature resistant. Hastelloy is widely used, for example, in reactors, piping and valves in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries or in pressure vessels in nuclear power plants. In addition to Hastelloy, numerous other materials well known to those skilled in the art can be used. High-temperature resistant means in the context of the present invention, a temperature resistance of up to at least 20 ° C (possibly further retraction positions) above the maximum conversion temperature, preferably, the materials have a temperature resistance up to 550 ° C.
- Hochkladrefest means in In connection with the present invention that the usable materials are not or at least not significantly attacked by the organic and / or inorganic acids formed during the conversion.
- Hochabriebfest means in connection with the present invention that the usable materials are not or at least not significantly abraded by the aluminum-silicate powder.
- a device constructed on the teachings of the present invention is to be designed for 24/7 operation; for operation over 24 hours, 7 days a week, with as few maintenance phases as possible as short as possible.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a possible embodiment of the tubular conversion drum 12 in the context of the present invention. It should be noted that the dimensions contained in FIG. 2 are to be understood as merely exemplary figures in millimeters and the present invention is not restrictive.
- the cross section through the conversion drum 12 shown in FIG. 2 comprises a heat insulation 26 enclosing the circumference, which is applied to an outer jacket 28 forming steel sheet and is enclosed by a trapezoidal in cross-section outer end plate 27.
- the outer jacket 28, which is preferably made of a steel sheet, preferably has a wall thickness of about 10 mm.
- thermal insulation for example, rock wool or another (in terms of operating temperature) temperature-stable insulating material can be used.
- a coaxially arranged inner tube 29 and a coaxially arranged inner jacket 29 is provided, which / provides with respect to the axis of rotation a plurality of parallel, axially extending grooves.
- the grooves are preferably arranged periodically with respect to the inner tube circumferential direction.
- the inner tube 29 constitutes an inner jacket or an inner wall.
- the coaxially arranged inner tube 29 preferably has a wall thickness of likewise approximately 10 mm.
- the wall of the coaxially arranged inner tube 29 in cross-section shows a meandering course with a Meanderperiode of about 220 mm and a height of Meandersch secured of about 100 mm.
- the course of the Meander loops can be described as substantially sinusoidal.
- the outer jacket 28 and the coaxially arranged inner tube 29 substantially form a hollow cylindrical space 24 with a clear radial width of about 300 mm.
- the heating gas in the form of exhaust gases of the heat engine is passed through this hollow cylindrical space 24 to provide the heat energy required for the conversion, which takes place in the conversion or reaction chamber 25, which is formed by the space enclosed by the coaxially arranged inner tube 29.
- the embodiment of the conversion drum 12 shown in FIG. 2 has none of the above-described lifting or guide rails. Rather, provide axially extending grooves of the coaxially arranged inner tube 29 for the mixing of located in the conversion drum 12 substances (especially secondary raw materials, catalyst powder and process oil or oil mist) by 12 during rotation of the conversion drum located in the bottom region Sekundärrohstoff- catalyst powder mixture through the axial extending grooves is raised until it falls back into the ground area due to gravity.
- a vortex of the mixture forms opposite to the direction of rotation of the conversion drum 12, which ensures a continuous mixing of the substances contained in the conversion drum 12 (in particular secondary raw materials, catalyst powder and process oil or oil mist).
- the inner tube 29 and the inner jacket 29 of the conversion drum 12 is preferably made of a substantially flat corrugated sheet, which is bent and welded in a cylindrical shape.
- the grooves or meander loops periodically arranged with respect to the circumferential direction increase the area of the inner tube or inner sheath 29, via which the heat energy necessary for the conversion process can be better transferred from the heating gas space 24 into the conversion space 25. In the dimensions illustrated by way of example, an area enlargement of approximately 1.7 times is achieved.
- the conversion drum 12 is preferably operated at a rotational speed of about 1 to 10 revolutions per minute, preferably about 3 to 4 revolutions per minute.
- the catalyst powder is highly abrasive.
- the abrasion property of the catalyst powder is advantageous and desirable since it effects rapid comminution of the secondary raw material introduced into the conversion space 25 of the conversion drum 12.
- the abrasive catalyst powder exhibits a good grinding effect, so that the organic secondary raw materials introduced into the conversion drum 12 are already rapidly mechanically comminuted by the catalyst. The smaller the Particles of the organic secondary raw materials, the larger the reaction surface of the particles of the organic secondary raw materials.
- the abrasive catalyst powder in continuous operation wears the conversion drum 12 or its inner shell 29 even when using a highly corrosion-resistant or highly abrasion-resistant alloy, such as Hastelloy.
- the inside of the conversion space 25 of the conversion drum 12 can be coated with a silicate, preferably with the aluminum-silicate powder used as the catalyst.
- the silicate is introduced in a coating process in the conversion space 25 of the conversion drum 12 and, while rotating the conversion drum 12 to a temperature in a range of 400 ° to 500 ° Celsius, preferably to a temperature of about 450 ° C, before the first startup. heated.
- the silicate bakes or adheres to the scale-free but rough inner surface of the conversion space 25 of the conversion drum 12 or its inner jacket 29. After preferably slow cooling an approximately 1 mm thick, firmly adhering silicate coating is achieved, which protects the inner surface of the conversion drum 12 and the inner shell 29 against the abrasive catalyst powder. If necessary, the coating process can be repeated, for example in order to adjust the coating thickness before the first start-up, or to serve for the reconstruction of the coating as part of maintenance measures.
- the arcs of the meander loops of the inner tube 29 reaching into the conversion space 25 are subject to greater abrasion by the catalyst powder.
- covering or wear strips arranged on the arches are suitable. The cover or wear strips are preferably provided interchangeable, to allow a quick replacement as part of maintenance as needed.
- the conversion drum 12 and its axis of rotation is tilted slightly from the horizontal towards the discharge end, so that the discharge end
- the conversion drum 1 or its rotation axis is preferably tilted downwards by a few degrees from the horizontal in the direction of the discharge end, particularly preferably by about 1 to 3 Degree.
- the lifting or guide strips described above may be provided on the inside of the inner shell 29.
- the heating gas is supplied to the conversion drum 12 via the discharge gas inlet 24 of the conversion drum 12 or into the heating gas space 24 of the conversion drum 12 by means of the heating gas feed device preferably fed by the exhaust gases of the heat engine and via an entry-side outlet 23 again from the conversion drum 12 and from the heating gas chamber 24 of the conversion drum 12 executed.
- the heating gas can also be passed through profiles of lifting or transport bars, which provide a closed space from the conversion space 25.
- any resulting chlorine gas is processed by the catalytic conversion to salts, which arrive together with the catalyst and the process oil in the purification of the catalyst recycle means 17.
- the conversion drum 12 can also be connected in addition to a device for recovering distilled water from water vapor or for the production of water gas.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the discharge side of the device for conversion of organic secondary substances to oil mist or process oil according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the discharge side of the kpnversion drum 12 has an opening or an inlet 22, into which the heating gas or the hot exhaust gases of the heat engine are introduced.
- the opening or the inlet 22 opens into the heating gas space 24, which is separated from the conversion or reaction space 25 by the inner tube.
- a discharge pipe 41 connects the conversion or reaction space 25 of the conversion drum 12 to a collecting pot or condensate pot 13.
- a gas seal 30, preferably a labyrinth seal 30 with carbon dioxide filling, ensures that the preferably hollow cylindrical heating gas space 24 of the rotating conversion drum 12 is at least substantially sealed against the outside atmosphere, so that the heating gas or the hot exhaust gases are not in the Outside atmosphere can escape or no air can enter from the outside atmosphere.
- a gas seal 31 preferably a labyrinth seal 31 with nitrogen filling, ensures that the conversion or reaction chamber 25 or the discharge hub tube 41 of the rotating conversion drum 12 is at least substantially sealed against the outside atmosphere, so that no outside atmosphere, in particular no oxygen from the outside Outside atmosphere, can enter the collecting pot or Kondenstopf 13 and the conversion space 25.
- the labyrinth seals 30 and 31 are preferably subjected to overpressure of the respective gas, in particular preferably with slight overpressure of the respective gas.
- the oil mist or the process oil obtained in the conversion chamber 25 of the conversion drum 12 by the depolymerization (conversion) exits through the discharge hub pipe 41 into the collecting pot or condensate pot 13, to which preferably a distillation column or fractionation column 14 for further processing of the process oil or Oil mist connects.
- a liquid phase separator 42 may be provided in the area between the gas seals 30 and 31. From the conversion drum 12, not only the oil obtained from the depolymerization occurs in the form of mist, but also from the depolymerization obtained oil in liquid form, overflowing catalyst powder and in the processed secondary contaminants or resulting reaction products (including, for example, mineral and metallic impurities ) out.
- the liquid phase separator 42 passes the overflowing substance mixture into the bottom region of the collecting pot or condensate pot 13.
- a discharge sluice 36 can furthermore preferably be provided in order to remove the overflowing mixture of substances.
- the substance mixture can be cleaned and returned to the conversion process via the opening 12.1 on the entry side of the conversion drum 12.
- the cleaned catalyst powder with process oil is preferably fed downstream of the crusher 10 of the entry device to be used together with the shredded secondary raw materials in the conversion space 25 of the conversion drum 12, preferably distributed, to be supplied.
- the rotation of the conversion drum 12 forms a mist of the reaction product oil, in which catalyst powder is also included.
- the catalyst powder contained in the oil mist is, as described above, advantageous for the conversion reaction, but disadvantageous when the catalyst powder exits from the conversion chamber 25 in the collecting pot or condensate 13 and finally passes into distillation products.
- a calming zone 40 can be provided, which is arranged in the direction of the discharge side adjacent to this in the conversion space 25 of the conversion drum 12 and is delimited from the conversion space 25 by hub disks 12.3. Additionally, in the region of the calming zone 40, the inside of the inner tube 29 may be smooth, i.
- the catalyst powder precipitates out of the oil mist, which then exits into the collecting pot or condensate pot 13.
- the amount of catalyst powder in the oil mist is also determined by the size or the cross section of the conversion space 25 of the conversion drum 12. The larger the inner diameter of the conversion space 25 of the conversion drum 12, the lower the amount of catalyst powder in the oil mist. As can be seen from the exemplary embodiment shown schematically in FIG. 2, an inner diameter of approximately 1.5 m has proven particularly suitable.
- the conversion space 25 of the conversion drum 12, the interior of the collecting pot or condensate pot 13 and the subsequent distillation column or fractionation column 14 are preferably operated with a slight overpressure.
- Labyrinth seal preferably with nitrogen filling (preferably filled with the application of overpressure)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102012218864.9A DE102012218864B4 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2012-10-16 | Process for the conversion of organic secondary raw materials into oil mist as a basis for fuels in particular and a device for carrying out the process |
PCT/IB2013/002249 WO2014060811A2 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-10-09 | Method and device for converting organic secondary raw materials into oil mist |
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EP2909288A2 true EP2909288A2 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
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EP13808205.2A Pending EP2909288A2 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-10-09 | Method and device for converting organic secondary raw materials into oil mist |
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EP (1) | EP2909288A2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102012218864B4 (en) |
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US5807616A (en) | 1995-04-24 | 1998-09-15 | Corning Incorporated | Thermal cracking process and furnace elements |
DE10021383A1 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2001-11-08 | Wea Waste Energy Action Intern | Processing of organic waste materials to produce fuels, electricity and fertilizer includes fermentation, carbonization and steam reforming |
US6808816B2 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-10-26 | General Electric Company | Method and coating system for reducing carbonaceous deposits on surfaces exposed to hydrocarbon fuels at elevated temperatures |
DE102005057653A1 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2007-09-06 | Winkelkötter, Peter | Process for conversion of organic secondary raw materials to oil mist and process for carrying out the process |
CN101506130B (en) * | 2006-08-25 | 2014-01-29 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Production of aromatics from methane |
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DE102012218864B4 (en) | 2023-02-23 |
WO2014060811A2 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
DE102012218864A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
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