EP2906898A1 - Field gun - Google Patents

Field gun

Info

Publication number
EP2906898A1
EP2906898A1 EP13783616.9A EP13783616A EP2906898A1 EP 2906898 A1 EP2906898 A1 EP 2906898A1 EP 13783616 A EP13783616 A EP 13783616A EP 2906898 A1 EP2906898 A1 EP 2906898A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
howitzer
saddle
ordnance
barrel
cradle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13783616.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2906898B1 (en
Inventor
Keith Dawson
Frederick Herbert
Michael John Webb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAE Systems PLC
Original Assignee
BAE Systems PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB1218115.2A external-priority patent/GB2506872B/en
Priority claimed from EP12275174.6A external-priority patent/EP2730881A1/en
Application filed by BAE Systems PLC filed Critical BAE Systems PLC
Priority to EP13783616.9A priority Critical patent/EP2906898B1/en
Priority to PL13783616T priority patent/PL2906898T3/en
Publication of EP2906898A1 publication Critical patent/EP2906898A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2906898B1 publication Critical patent/EP2906898B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A23/00—Gun mountings, e.g. on vehicles; Disposition of guns on vehicles
    • F41A23/28—Wheeled-gun mountings; Endless-track gun mountings
    • F41A23/30—Wheeled-gun mountings; Endless-track gun mountings the wheels being liftable from the ground for firing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A23/00—Gun mountings, e.g. on vehicles; Disposition of guns on vehicles
    • F41A23/28—Wheeled-gun mountings; Endless-track gun mountings
    • F41A23/32—Wheeled-gun mountings; Endless-track gun mountings with split trails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A23/00—Gun mountings, e.g. on vehicles; Disposition of guns on vehicles
    • F41A23/46—Trail spades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A23/00—Gun mountings, e.g. on vehicles; Disposition of guns on vehicles
    • F41A23/50—Travelling locks; Brakes for holding the gun platform in a fixed position during transport
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00—Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/22—Bearing arrangements for the reciprocating gun-mount or barrel movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A27/00—Gun mountings permitting traversing or elevating movement, e.g. gun carriages
    • F41A27/06—Mechanical systems
    • F41A27/08—Bearings, e.g. trunnions; Brakes or blocking arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A27/00—Gun mountings permitting traversing or elevating movement, e.g. gun carriages
    • F41A27/06—Mechanical systems
    • F41A27/08—Bearings, e.g. trunnions; Brakes or blocking arrangements
    • F41A27/12—Brakes or locks for blocking traversing or elevating gear in a fixed position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41F—APPARATUS FOR LAUNCHING PROJECTILES OR MISSILES FROM BARRELS, e.g. CANNONS; LAUNCHERS FOR ROCKETS OR TORPEDOES; HARPOON GUNS
    • F41F1/00—Launching apparatus for projecting projectiles or missiles from barrels, e.g. cannons; Harpoon guns

Definitions

  • the following invention relates to a howitzer and particularly to a split lift light weight howitzer for a modular solution.
  • the ordnance is the component of the howitzer that launches the projectile.
  • the ordnance is aimed (i.e. has traverse or elevation varied) using a carriage and soleplate arrangement.
  • the soleplate is a plate-like platform that sits on the ground so as to bear the weight of the Gun and oppose any forward tipping moments; forward tipping moments are greatest during counter recoil.
  • the soleplate is provided with a carriage mounted on top.
  • the soleplate and carriage are connected by a swivel joint, thus the carriage can swivel in the plane of the ground (e.g. when the ground is horizontal, the carriage will swivel in a horizontal plane) so as to vary the ordnance traverse.
  • the carriage is connected to the ordnance by way of trunnions that extend laterally from the cradle thus the ordnance can rotate about the trunnion/saddle connection to vary the elevation.
  • such howitzers rest on the ground with the ordnance having a breech end generally towards the rear of the howitzer and a muzzle end pointing in a generally forwards direction.
  • howitzers are desired to be lightweight. Lightweight howitzers are desirable because they can be transported by a wider range of vehicles and because a greater number of them may be carried by a given transport vehicle. Thus lightweight howitzers can be deployed faster than heavier alternatives.
  • current light weight howitzers are typically based on 105mm shells, and whilst readily deployable, there is a requirement to move towards 155mm ammunition such that fewer rounds are required to achieve the same effect.
  • the recoil forces and size of general conventional 155mm Howitzers are very large and heavy and are restricted in their capability to being transported by main stream helicopter air lifting capabilities.
  • a split lift howitzer comprising:
  • An elevating mass comprising:
  • an ordnance for firing a projectile comprising a barrel defining a barrel axis and having a muzzle towards the front end of the howitzer and a breech assembly at the rear end of the barrel;
  • the breech lies in front of the trunnion in the first position, particularly during the loading phase, and so remains consistently accessible, without the need to dig a pit such that the breech may be accessible at high elevations. ln the second position, typically after firing and during the recoil the breech retracts behind the trunnions. This permits an extended travel path for the barrel to travel along, thus increasing the mitigation of the firing impulse.
  • the howitzer is a reduced mass howitzer.
  • the barrel has a sub-optimal length.
  • the ability to be carried by helicopters partially arises by using a sub-optimal barrel length.
  • Very well- known and documented typical barrel lengths are L39 or L52, wherein the length of the barrel is 39x or 52 x the diameter of the munition.
  • the barrel length is L30, 30x the diameter of the munition, this allows for a significant reduction in weight.
  • L30 barrels for 155mm systems have been used on main battle tanks in, where very significant masses of the vehicle prevent instability.
  • the disadvantage is that there is now less mass to resist the recoiling energy generated during gun fire.
  • the firing impulse causes the ordnance to recoil.
  • This force has to be resisted, which in turn produces significant forces within the weapon structures and impacts the dynamic stability of the weapon system.
  • the geometry of the gun is designed such that the gun trunnions are very low to the ground and the breech mounted well forward of the gun trunnions.
  • there is an extended length recoil stroke and this is achieved by allowing the breech to recoil past the gun trunnions, in the second position.
  • the trunnions are positioned rearward on the saddle, which results in less system mass behind the trunnion and more in front to assist stability. Maintaining the centre of gravity of the system well forward allows the mass moment of inertia of the system to resist rotation during firing due to the overturning moment.
  • the very low trunnion height and the long and variable recoil stroke mitigate the firing forces, and increase stability.
  • the trunnions overhang the body on the lower carriage, when mounted on a lower carriage assembly, to allow breech to recoil clear of the structures at high elevations.
  • the cradle houses the ordnance, and comprises a front bridge portion which houses and slidably engages with a portion of said barrel, if further retains a piston rod of a recoil brake and a piston rod of a recuperator.
  • the barrel is profiled to provide mounting interfaces for the recoil system, recoil brake and recuperator, to attach to it. Mounting the recoiling parts by this method allows their weight impact on the recoiling mass to be maximised and reduce recoil velocity and force.
  • the recoil brake is mounted on top of the barrel and the recuperator below the barrel.
  • a pair of combined elevation and balance actuators are located between the saddle and the cradle.
  • the split lift is an ordnance system wherein the traversing mass may be separated from the lower platform.
  • the traversing mass comprises the ordnance, cradle and saddle assemblies.
  • the saddle has at least one co-operative engagement means, for linking said saddle to a lower platform such as, for example a towable lower carriage assembly, a fixed forward operating base, a track mounted base within an ISO containerised system or self-propelled arrangement.
  • the towable lower carriage assembly comprises;
  • a body unit comprising
  • a pintle a pintle for engaging with said saddle, a pair of front stabilisers, pivotally connected to said body;
  • said rear trails comprise a trail leg, a trail arm which is pivotally connected to said trail leg, a spade and a damper, wherein said damper is located between the trail leg and trail arm.
  • the trail arm and spade act as a single unit but they can be disconnected to ease removal of the spade from the ground during displacement of the gun.
  • the trail leg is required to maintain the rearward position of the spades relative to the trunnions in order to achieve stability, particularly when firing at low elevation.
  • a damper is fitted into the trail leg and when deployed in the firing position the damper piston seats against the underside of the trail arm. The damper provides resilience between the leg and the arm and allows the spade to rotate about the trail leg/arm hinge to self-dig into the ground during firing.
  • the rotation about the pintle and elevation is controlled by the user, however, it is essential that when the gun is converted to a travelling or mobility mode that certain movements are restricted or preferably prohibited, such that the system further comprises
  • a traverse lock located between the saddle and body, to prevent rotation about said pintle
  • an elevation lock located between the cradle and saddle, to prevent elevation movement of the ordnance with respect to the lower carriage.
  • a method of transforming a howitzer as defined herein, from a firing mode to a travelling mode comprising the steps of
  • the trail legs pivoting the trail legs inwardly towards said body.
  • the front stabilisers extend to rest on the ground at a foremost ground contact point and the rear trails extend to rest on the ground at a backmost ground contact point such that the foremost ground contact point is situated below the barrel and substantially forwards of the howitzer's centre of gravity so as to be able to oppose the tipping moment induced during counter- recoil.
  • front stabilisers and rear trails are therefore at the periphery of the howitzer's ground base and so they can oppose the forces that the howitzer experiences during firing so that the howitzer does not topple.
  • Figure 1 shows a side projection of an exemplary traversing mass of a howitzer
  • Figure 2 shows the saddle of the howitzer of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 shows a top down view of the cradle of the howitzer of Figure 1 , without the ordnance;
  • Figure 4 shows a side projection of the ordnance and recoil system according to the invention
  • Figure 5 shows a top down view of the lower carriage assembly
  • Figure 6 shows a side view of the towable howitzer on a ground plane at maximum recoil
  • Figure 7 shows a side elevation of the towable howitzer, with the ordnance in the loading position
  • Figure 8 shows a vehicle mounted howitzer
  • Figure 9 shows a forward operating base mounted howitzer
  • Figures 10a and 10b show the howitzer in Figure 9, located on rails within an ISO container, for ready deployment.
  • the howitzer 1 generally consists of the saddle 2, which supports the cradle 9, the cradle 9 is pivotally linked to the saddle assembly 2 via trunnions 5.
  • the cradle 9 supports the ordnance 3.
  • the ordnance comprises a barrel 10, breech 8 and at the muzzle end there is a muzzle brake 4, said muzzle brake comprising a towing pintle to allow connection to a vehicle(not shown).
  • a pair of combined elevation and balance (CB&E) actuators 6, are connected, at fixture point 7 on the saddle 2 and connect to the cradle 9.
  • the ordnance 3 is retained by cradle 9 which surrounds the axis of the barrel 10 at the breech end 8.
  • the cradle 9 is provided with a recoil mechanism (indicated more clearly in figure 4) so that when a 155mm calibre projectile is fired, the ordnance 3 can move backwards through the cradle 9 along the barrel axis, the recoil mechanism also reacts against the firing impulse.
  • Figure 2 shows a side projection of the saddle 12, and comprises a base 1 1 and two side arms 13.
  • the base mounts the traverse bearing 19 that interfaces to a lower carriage or lower assembly (examples shown in Figures 5- 10a) and each side arm 13 mounts trunnion bearings 15 that support the elevating mass (ordnance and cradle) and allow it to pivot in elevation for pointing the weapon.
  • the saddle arms 13 are swept back, rearwards, such that they overhang the saddle base 1 1 .
  • the traverse drive 14 comprises a leadscrew unit mounted on the left hand side of the saddle 12 driven from a handwheel 16 through a connecting shaft 18.
  • the nut on the leadscrew unit is connected to the lower carriage (not shown) and can be easily disconnected from it.
  • Each side arm 13 also provides a mounting point 17 for the piston rods of the combined elevation and balance (CB&E) actuators (not shown).
  • the cradle structure 200 (with ordnance removed) comprises two side plates 20 that are secured at the forward end by a front bridge casting 21 together with upper 22 and lower bridge 23 members fitted along the length of the cradle.
  • the inner face of each side plate 20 mounts a guideway 24 that mates with the slides on the body of the recuperator(not shown).
  • the loading tray assembly 30 is mounted to the two rear lower bridges 23.
  • the assembly comprises a tray with a four bar linkage to lower and raise it into alignment with the barrel.
  • the rear of the tray mounts a spring loaded latch and two rubbing strips run the length of the tray to assist the projectile to slide into the barrel.
  • the upper bridge member 22 mounts the inertial navigation 25 and battery 26 units that are part of a digital fire control system.
  • the front bridge 21 mounts the muzzle velocity measuring device 27.
  • the cradle 200 mounts external supports on the left and right hand side for the CB&E actuators 28.
  • the right hand side of the cradle mounts the roller mechanism for opening the breech block 29.
  • the cradle also mounts the operating mechanism for the recoil brake elevation cut-off gear, the temperature compensation system(neither shown) and the CB&E accumulators 28.
  • the recoiling mass 32 (which is formed of the ordnance and recoil system assembly).
  • the recoil system is a hydro-pneumatic system comprising a recoil brake 38 and recuperator 36.
  • the recoil brake has a variable recoil stroke.
  • the recoil brake 38 stroke is maximised to minimise recoil force and overturning moments.
  • the overturning moment on the weapon is reduced as the recoil force becomes more vertical relative to the lower carriage. Therefore, above 30 degrees the recoil stroke can be shortened through the operation of the elevation cut-off gear and an increase in recoil force is accepted. This reduction in recoil stroke also avoids the need to dig a gun pit to avoid the breech 39 hitting the ground.
  • the recoil brake piston rods 33 and recuperator piston rods 34 are attached to the front bridge casting 37 which forms part of the cradle 200.
  • the cylinder bodies recoil brake 38 and recuperator 36 are attached to the barrel.
  • the recuperator body mounts two slides 35 that run on guideways (shown as 24, Figure 3) on the inner face of the cradle side plates.
  • the recoil brake 38 is mounted on top of the barrel and the recuperator 36 below.
  • the barrel is profiled to provide mounting interfaces for the recoil system, recoil brake 38 and recuperator 36, to attach to it. Mounting the recoiling parts by this method allows their weight impact on the recoiling mass to be maximised and reduce recoil velocity and force.
  • the breech assembly 39 comprises the ring, block, operating mechanism and primer fed mechanism (PFM).
  • the lower carriage 250 is formed from a body structure 40.
  • a pintle 41 integrated into the centre of the body 40 provides the mounting interface for the saddle and traverse bearing (shown as 19, figure 2).
  • the front stabilizers 42 At the forward end of the body is mounted the front stabilizers 42 and at the rear, the rear trails 43.
  • Each rear trail 43 consists of a trail leg 44, trail arm 45 and spade 46.
  • the trail arm 45 and spade 46 act as a single unit but they can be disconnected to ease removal of the spade from the ground during displacement of the carriage 250.
  • the trail leg 44 is required to maintain the rearward position of the spades 46 relative to the trunnions in order to achieve stability, particularly when firing at low elevation.
  • a damper 47 is fitted into the trail leg 44 and when deployed in the firing position the damper piston seats against the underside of the trail arm 45 .
  • the damper 47 provides resilience between the leg 44 and the arm 45 and allows the spade 46 to rotate about the trail leg/arm hinge 50 and to self dig into the ground during firing.
  • the body structure 250 also mounts the wheels 48, suspension systems 49 and braking systems(not shown).
  • the suspension system 49 comprises right and left hand units with hydro-pneumatic suspension struts and road arms (not shown).
  • the suspension system is a leading arm configuration with both the road arm pivot and the suspension strut mounted to the body 40.
  • the howitzer 51 is mounted on a lower carriage.
  • the howitzer is shown on a ground plane 53, with front stabilizers 54, and front wheels 55, in contact with the ground plane 53.
  • the rear trails 57 are deployed and spades 56 are shown dug-in under the ground plane 53.
  • the howitzer 51 is shown in a fully recoiled state, and it can be clearly seen that the recoil of the breech 52, is past the trunnions 58.
  • the howitzer 61 in a side projection shows the howitzer gun in a loading position, where the breech 62, is forward of the trunnions 68.
  • the split lift gun has a significantly shortened barrel and as mentioned above, the shorter barrel reduces the mass, which allows for easier transportation, but at a penalty of mitigating recoil.
  • Figure 8 shows a side projection of a self propelled howitzer 70, a howitzer gun 72 is located on a vehicle 71.
  • Figure 9 shows a side projection of a forward operating base howitzer 80, a howitzer gun 82 is located on a mounting plate 81 , which may be affixed to a permanent or semi-permanent fixture or structure.
  • Figures 10a and 10b show a side projection of a containerised gun system 90, a howitzer gun 92 is located on a slidable mounting plate 91 , which may be located in rails or guides 93.
  • the doors 94 of the container 96 may be opened and the howitzer slid to the opened end and fired from within the container. This allows for very easy transportation of the gun system.
  • the components of the howitzer are fabricated from materials which are able to withstand the peak stresses and the cyclic loads that will be experienced in operation.
  • the form of the components will be chosen according to the same criteria.
  • the materials and forms will be chosen to minimise weight without compromising the strength.
  • various steel alloys, titanium alloys and composites may, for example, be suitable materials.
  • the man skilled in the art of howitzer design would be able to decide which materials and forms would be best in the circumstances.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)

Abstract

A howitzer suitable for deployment on a ground plane, the howitzer comprising an ordnance for firing a projectile. The ordnance comprising a barrel defining a barrel axis and having a muzzle towards the front end of the howitzer and a breech assembly at the back end of the barrel; and a cradle for holding the ordnance at a traverse and an elevation; two trunnion pins located on said cradle, which co-locate with receiving trunnion bearings on a saddle, wherein in a first position said breech is located forward of said trunnion, in a second position, at the end of the recoil stroke, said breech is retracted substantially behind said trunnion, wherein said recoil stroke is variable depending on the selection of the elevation.

Description

FIELD GUN
The following invention relates to a howitzer and particularly to a split lift light weight howitzer for a modular solution.
The ordnance is the component of the howitzer that launches the projectile.
In certain known howitzers (such as the L1 18 Light Gun that fires 105mm rounds) the ordnance is aimed (i.e. has traverse or elevation varied) using a carriage and soleplate arrangement. In such typical howitzers the soleplate is a plate-like platform that sits on the ground so as to bear the weight of the Gun and oppose any forward tipping moments; forward tipping moments are greatest during counter recoil. The soleplate is provided with a carriage mounted on top. The soleplate and carriage are connected by a swivel joint, thus the carriage can swivel in the plane of the ground (e.g. when the ground is horizontal, the carriage will swivel in a horizontal plane) so as to vary the ordnance traverse. The carriage is connected to the ordnance by way of trunnions that extend laterally from the cradle thus the ordnance can rotate about the trunnion/saddle connection to vary the elevation.
In use, such howitzers rest on the ground with the ordnance having a breech end generally towards the rear of the howitzer and a muzzle end pointing in a generally forwards direction.
It is known that howitzers are desired to be lightweight. Lightweight howitzers are desirable because they can be transported by a wider range of vehicles and because a greater number of them may be carried by a given transport vehicle. Thus lightweight howitzers can be deployed faster than heavier alternatives. However, current light weight howitzers are typically based on 105mm shells, and whilst readily deployable, there is a requirement to move towards 155mm ammunition such that fewer rounds are required to achieve the same effect. However, the recoil forces and size of general conventional 155mm Howitzers are very large and heavy and are restricted in their capability to being transported by main stream helicopter air lifting capabilities. Before the present invention is described in further detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described, and as such may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims.
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a split lift howitzer, the howitzer comprising:
i) An elevating mass comprising:
a) an ordnance for firing a projectile, the ordnance comprising a barrel defining a barrel axis and having a muzzle towards the front end of the howitzer and a breech assembly at the rear end of the barrel; and
b) a cradle for holding the ordnance at a traverse and an elevation; and
c) two trunnion pins located on said cradle, which co-locate with receiving trunnion bearings on a saddle,
ii) wherein in a first position said breech is located forward of said trunnion,
iii) in a second position, said breech is retracted substantially behind said trunnion,
iv) wherein said recoil stroke is variable depending on the selection of the elevation.
The breech lies in front of the trunnion in the first position, particularly during the loading phase, and so remains consistently accessible, without the need to dig a pit such that the breech may be accessible at high elevations. ln the second position, typically after firing and during the recoil the breech retracts behind the trunnions. This permits an extended travel path for the barrel to travel along, thus increasing the mitigation of the firing impulse.
Preferably the howitzer is a reduced mass howitzer. In a highly preferred arrangement the barrel has a sub-optimal length. The ability to be carried by helicopters partially arises by using a sub-optimal barrel length. Very well- known and documented typical barrel lengths are L39 or L52, wherein the length of the barrel is 39x or 52 x the diameter of the munition.
Preferably the barrel length is L30, 30x the diameter of the munition, this allows for a significant reduction in weight. L30 barrels for 155mm systems have been used on main battle tanks in, where very significant masses of the vehicle prevent instability.
However, for lightweight, helicopter transportable, such as, for example, split lift howitzers, the disadvantage is that there is now less mass to resist the recoiling energy generated during gun fire. The firing impulse causes the ordnance to recoil. This force has to be resisted, which in turn produces significant forces within the weapon structures and impacts the dynamic stability of the weapon system. To reduce the overturning moment generated when firing at low gun elevations the geometry of the gun is designed such that the gun trunnions are very low to the ground and the breech mounted well forward of the gun trunnions. In order to further compensate for the lack of mass there is an extended length recoil stroke, and this is achieved by allowing the breech to recoil past the gun trunnions, in the second position. The trunnions are positioned rearward on the saddle, which results in less system mass behind the trunnion and more in front to assist stability. Maintaining the centre of gravity of the system well forward allows the mass moment of inertia of the system to resist rotation during firing due to the overturning moment.
The very low trunnion height and the long and variable recoil stroke mitigate the firing forces, and increase stability. Preferably, the trunnions overhang the body on the lower carriage, when mounted on a lower carriage assembly, to allow breech to recoil clear of the structures at high elevations.
The cradle houses the ordnance, and comprises a front bridge portion which houses and slidably engages with a portion of said barrel, if further retains a piston rod of a recoil brake and a piston rod of a recuperator. The barrel is profiled to provide mounting interfaces for the recoil system, recoil brake and recuperator, to attach to it. Mounting the recoiling parts by this method allows their weight impact on the recoiling mass to be maximised and reduce recoil velocity and force. Preferably, the recoil brake is mounted on top of the barrel and the recuperator below the barrel.
In a preferred arrangement a pair of combined elevation and balance actuators are located between the saddle and the cradle.
The split lift is an ordnance system wherein the traversing mass may be separated from the lower platform. The traversing mass comprises the ordnance, cradle and saddle assemblies. Preferably the saddle has at least one co-operative engagement means, for linking said saddle to a lower platform such as, for example a towable lower carriage assembly, a fixed forward operating base, a track mounted base within an ISO containerised system or self-propelled arrangement.
In a towable arrangement, the towable lower carriage assembly comprises;
a body unit, comprising
a pintle a pintle for engaging with said saddle, a pair of front stabilisers, pivotally connected to said body;
a pair of rear trails pivotally connected to said body;
a pair of wheels substantially co-axially aligned with the barrel axis; as determined when in a towed/mobile arrangement. In a highly preferred arrangement said rear trails comprise a trail leg, a trail arm which is pivotally connected to said trail leg, a spade and a damper, wherein said damper is located between the trail leg and trail arm. The trail arm and spade act as a single unit but they can be disconnected to ease removal of the spade from the ground during displacement of the gun.
The trail leg is required to maintain the rearward position of the spades relative to the trunnions in order to achieve stability, particularly when firing at low elevation. A damper is fitted into the trail leg and when deployed in the firing position the damper piston seats against the underside of the trail arm. The damper provides resilience between the leg and the arm and allows the spade to rotate about the trail leg/arm hinge to self-dig into the ground during firing.
In the firing mode, the rotation about the pintle and elevation is controlled by the user, however, it is essential that when the gun is converted to a travelling or mobility mode that certain movements are restricted or preferably prohibited, such that the system further comprises
i. a traverse lock, located between the saddle and body, to prevent rotation about said pintle,
ii. an elevation lock, located between the cradle and saddle, to prevent elevation movement of the ordnance with respect to the lower carriage.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of transforming a howitzer as defined herein, from a firing mode to a travelling mode, comprising the steps of
i. engaging the traverse lock between the saddle and body to prevent
rotation of the ordnance about the pintle,
ii. engaging the elevation lock between the cradle and saddle to prevent elevation of the ordnance with respect to the carriage,
iii. pivoting the front stabilisers and stowing them in a rearwards direction iv. pivoting the spade and trail arm upwards and in a general forwards orientation,
v. pivoting the trail legs inwardly towards said body. Preferably the front stabilisers extend to rest on the ground at a foremost ground contact point and the rear trails extend to rest on the ground at a backmost ground contact point such that the foremost ground contact point is situated below the barrel and substantially forwards of the howitzer's centre of gravity so as to be able to oppose the tipping moment induced during counter- recoil.
Beneficially the front stabilisers and rear trails are therefore at the periphery of the howitzer's ground base and so they can oppose the forces that the howitzer experiences during firing so that the howitzer does not topple.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention now will be described with reference to the following figures, of which:
Figure 1 shows a side projection of an exemplary traversing mass of a howitzer;
Figure 2 shows the saddle of the howitzer of Figure 1 ;
Figure 3 shows a top down view of the cradle of the howitzer of Figure 1 , without the ordnance;
Figure 4 shows a side projection of the ordnance and recoil system according to the invention;
Figure 5 shows a top down view of the lower carriage assembly;
Figure 6 shows a side view of the towable howitzer on a ground plane at maximum recoil;
Figure 7 shows a side elevation of the towable howitzer, with the ordnance in the loading position;
Figure 8 shows a vehicle mounted howitzer;
Figure 9 shows a forward operating base mounted howitzer; Figures 10a and 10b show the howitzer in Figure 9, located on rails within an ISO container, for ready deployment.
Turning to Figure 1 , the howitzer 1 , generally consists of the saddle 2, which supports the cradle 9, the cradle 9 is pivotally linked to the saddle assembly 2 via trunnions 5. The cradle 9 supports the ordnance 3. The ordnance comprises a barrel 10, breech 8 and at the muzzle end there is a muzzle brake 4, said muzzle brake comprising a towing pintle to allow connection to a vehicle(not shown). A pair of combined elevation and balance (CB&E) actuators 6, are connected, at fixture point 7 on the saddle 2 and connect to the cradle 9.
The ordnance 3 is retained by cradle 9 which surrounds the axis of the barrel 10 at the breech end 8. The cradle 9 is provided with a recoil mechanism (indicated more clearly in figure 4) so that when a 155mm calibre projectile is fired, the ordnance 3 can move backwards through the cradle 9 along the barrel axis, the recoil mechanism also reacts against the firing impulse.
Figure 2 shows a side projection of the saddle 12, and comprises a base 1 1 and two side arms 13. The base mounts the traverse bearing 19 that interfaces to a lower carriage or lower assembly (examples shown in Figures 5- 10a) and each side arm 13 mounts trunnion bearings 15 that support the elevating mass (ordnance and cradle) and allow it to pivot in elevation for pointing the weapon. The saddle arms 13 are swept back, rearwards, such that they overhang the saddle base 1 1 .
The traverse drive 14 comprises a leadscrew unit mounted on the left hand side of the saddle 12 driven from a handwheel 16 through a connecting shaft 18. The nut on the leadscrew unit is connected to the lower carriage (not shown) and can be easily disconnected from it. Each side arm 13 also provides a mounting point 17 for the piston rods of the combined elevation and balance (CB&E) actuators (not shown). Turning to Figure 3, the cradle structure 200 (with ordnance removed) comprises two side plates 20 that are secured at the forward end by a front bridge casting 21 together with upper 22 and lower bridge 23 members fitted along the length of the cradle. The inner face of each side plate 20 mounts a guideway 24 that mates with the slides on the body of the recuperator(not shown).
The loading tray assembly 30 is mounted to the two rear lower bridges 23. The assembly comprises a tray with a four bar linkage to lower and raise it into alignment with the barrel. The rear of the tray mounts a spring loaded latch and two rubbing strips run the length of the tray to assist the projectile to slide into the barrel.
A the rear of the cradle 200, is located the two trunion pins 31 , which cooperatively and pivotally engage with the trunnion bearings on the saddle (shown as 15, Figure 2)
The upper bridge member 22 mounts the inertial navigation 25 and battery 26 units that are part of a digital fire control system. The front bridge 21 mounts the muzzle velocity measuring device 27.
The cradle 200 mounts external supports on the left and right hand side for the CB&E actuators 28. The right hand side of the cradle mounts the roller mechanism for opening the breech block 29. The cradle also mounts the operating mechanism for the recoil brake elevation cut-off gear, the temperature compensation system(neither shown) and the CB&E accumulators 28.
Turning to figure 4, shows the recoiling mass 32 (which is formed of the ordnance and recoil system assembly). The recoil system is a hydro-pneumatic system comprising a recoil brake 38 and recuperator 36. To maximise stability of the gun and minimise forces imparted to the structures the recoil brake has a variable recoil stroke. At low elevation angles, less than 30 degrees, the recoil brake 38 stroke is maximised to minimise recoil force and overturning moments. At higher elevation angles the overturning moment on the weapon is reduced as the recoil force becomes more vertical relative to the lower carriage. Therefore, above 30 degrees the recoil stroke can be shortened through the operation of the elevation cut-off gear and an increase in recoil force is accepted. This reduction in recoil stroke also avoids the need to dig a gun pit to avoid the breech 39 hitting the ground.
The recoil brake piston rods 33 and recuperator piston rods 34 are attached to the front bridge casting 37 which forms part of the cradle 200. The cylinder bodies recoil brake 38 and recuperator 36 are attached to the barrel. To control the path of the recoil stroke the recuperator body mounts two slides 35 that run on guideways (shown as 24, Figure 3) on the inner face of the cradle side plates.
To optimise the balance of the recoiling mass distribution around the barrel centreline the recoil brake 38 is mounted on top of the barrel and the recuperator 36 below.
The barrel is profiled to provide mounting interfaces for the recoil system, recoil brake 38 and recuperator 36, to attach to it. Mounting the recoiling parts by this method allows their weight impact on the recoiling mass to be maximised and reduce recoil velocity and force. The breech assembly 39 comprises the ring, block, operating mechanism and primer fed mechanism (PFM).
Turning to figure 5, the lower carriage 250 is formed from a body structure 40. A pintle 41 , integrated into the centre of the body 40 provides the mounting interface for the saddle and traverse bearing (shown as 19, figure 2). At the forward end of the body is mounted the front stabilizers 42 and at the rear, the rear trails 43. Each rear trail 43 consists of a trail leg 44, trail arm 45 and spade 46. The trail arm 45 and spade 46 act as a single unit but they can be disconnected to ease removal of the spade from the ground during displacement of the carriage 250.
The trail leg 44 is required to maintain the rearward position of the spades 46 relative to the trunnions in order to achieve stability, particularly when firing at low elevation. A damper 47 is fitted into the trail leg 44 and when deployed in the firing position the damper piston seats against the underside of the trail arm 45 . The damper 47 provides resilience between the leg 44 and the arm 45 and allows the spade 46 to rotate about the trail leg/arm hinge 50 and to self dig into the ground during firing.
The body structure 250 also mounts the wheels 48, suspension systems 49 and braking systems(not shown). The suspension system 49 comprises right and left hand units with hydro-pneumatic suspension struts and road arms (not shown). The suspension system is a leading arm configuration with both the road arm pivot and the suspension strut mounted to the body 40.
Turning to Figure 6, the howitzer 51 is mounted on a lower carriage. The howitzer is shown on a ground plane 53, with front stabilizers 54, and front wheels 55, in contact with the ground plane 53. The rear trails 57 are deployed and spades 56 are shown dug-in under the ground plane 53.
The howitzer 51 is shown in a fully recoiled state, and it can be clearly seen that the recoil of the breech 52, is past the trunnions 58.
Turning to Figure 7, the howitzer 61 in a side projection, shows the howitzer gun in a loading position, where the breech 62, is forward of the trunnions 68.
Considering Figures 6, 7, the split lift gun has a significantly shortened barrel and as mentioned above, the shorter barrel reduces the mass, which allows for easier transportation, but at a penalty of mitigating recoil. The recoil of the breech past the trunnion and the position of the self digging spades, provides the required stability to the shortened barrel howitzer.
Figure 8 shows a side projection of a self propelled howitzer 70, a howitzer gun 72 is located on a vehicle 71.
Figure 9 shows a side projection of a forward operating base howitzer 80, a howitzer gun 82 is located on a mounting plate 81 , which may be affixed to a permanent or semi-permanent fixture or structure. Figures 10a and 10b show a side projection of a containerised gun system 90, a howitzer gun 92 is located on a slidable mounting plate 91 , which may be located in rails or guides 93. The doors 94 of the container 96 may be opened and the howitzer slid to the opened end and fired from within the container. This allows for very easy transportation of the gun system.
The components of the howitzer are fabricated from materials which are able to withstand the peak stresses and the cyclic loads that will be experienced in operation. In relation to this, the form of the components will be chosen according to the same criteria. The materials and forms will be chosen to minimise weight without compromising the strength. Given this, various steel alloys, titanium alloys and composites may, for example, be suitable materials. The man skilled in the art of howitzer design would be able to decide which materials and forms would be best in the circumstances.
Whilst the example described above relates specifically to a 155mm calibre round, the invention is in no way limited to any particular calibre. For example, a howitzer according to this invention could be for firing 105mm rounds.
Further variants within the scope of the invention would be obvious to the skilled man.

Claims

A split lift howitzer, the howitzer comprising:
i) an elevating mass comprising: a) an ordnance for firing a projectile, the ordnance comprising a barrel defining a barrel axis and having a muzzle towards the front end of the howitzer and a breech assembly at the rear end of the barrel; and
b) a cradle for holding the ordnance at a traverse and an elevation; and
c) two trunnion pins located on said cradle, which co-locate with receiving trunnion bearings on a saddle,
ii) wherein in a first position said breech is located forward of said trunion,
iii) in a second position said breech is retracted substantially behind said trunion,
iv) wherein said recoil stroke is variable depending on the selection of the elevation.
2. A howitzer according to claim 1 , wherein the cradle comprises a front bridge portion which engages with a piston rod of a recoil brake and a piston rod of a recuperator.
3 A howitzer according to claim 2, wherein the recoil brake is mounted on top of the barrel and the recuperator below the barrel.
4 A howitzer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a pair of combined elevation and balance actuators are located between the saddle and the cradle.
5 A howitzer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the saddle has at least one co-operative engagement means, for linking said saddle to a towable lower carriage assembly, a fixed forward operating base, a track mounted base within an ISO containerised system or self-propelled arrangement.
6. A howitzer according to claim 5 wherein the towable lower carriage assembly comprises;
i) a body unit, comprising
ii) a pintle for engaging with said saddle,
iii) a pair of front stabilisers, pivotally connected to said body;
iv) a pair of rear trails pivotally connected to said body;
v) a pair of wheels substantially co-axially aligned with the barrel axis.
7. A howitzer according to claim 6 wherein said rear trails comprise a trail leg, a trail arm which is pivotally connected to said trail leg, a spade and a damper, wherein said damper is located between the trail leg and trail arm.
8. A howitzer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the barrel is of sub-optimal length.
9. A howitzer according to any one of claims 5 to 8 wherein the howitzer comprises
i. a traverse lock, located between the saddle and body, to prevent rotation of the ordnance about said pintle,
ii. an elevation lock, located between the cradle and saddle, to prevent elevation movement of the ordnance with respect to the lower carriage.
10. A method of transforming a howitzer according to claim 9, from a firing mode to a travelling mode, comprising the steps of
i. engaging the traverse lock between the saddle and body to prevent
rotation of the ordnance about the pintle, engaging the elevation lock between the cradle and saddle to prevent elevation of the ordnance with respect to the carriage,
pivoting the front stabilisers and stowing them in a rearwards direction, pivoting the spade and trail arm upwards and in a general a forwards orientation,
pivoting the trail legs inwardly towards said body.
A howitzer as hereinbefore described and with reference to the figures.
EP13783616.9A 2012-10-10 2013-10-10 Field gun Active EP2906898B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13783616.9A EP2906898B1 (en) 2012-10-10 2013-10-10 Field gun
PL13783616T PL2906898T3 (en) 2012-10-10 2013-10-10 Field gun

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1218115.2A GB2506872B (en) 2012-10-10 2012-10-10 Field gun aim
EP12275174.6A EP2730881A1 (en) 2012-11-13 2012-11-13 Field gun
PCT/GB2013/000424 WO2014057235A1 (en) 2012-10-10 2013-10-10 Field gun
EP13783616.9A EP2906898B1 (en) 2012-10-10 2013-10-10 Field gun

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2906898A1 true EP2906898A1 (en) 2015-08-19
EP2906898B1 EP2906898B1 (en) 2018-10-10

Family

ID=49510425

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13783616.9A Active EP2906898B1 (en) 2012-10-10 2013-10-10 Field gun

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2906898B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6017696B2 (en)
IN (1) IN2015DN02910A (en)
PL (1) PL2906898T3 (en)
SA (1) SA515360257B1 (en)
SG (1) SG11201502592VA (en)
WO (1) WO2014057235A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2595288B (en) 2020-05-21 2024-04-24 Bae Systems Plc Wheel arm for a howitzer system

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1358386A (en) * 1916-06-19 1920-11-09 Ernest C Moriarty Ordnance recoil-check
FR1425261A (en) * 1960-09-15 1966-01-24 Ministero Della Difesa Esercit Differential braking cradle mounted artillery piece, towed by motor or by horse, transportable by plane or helicopter, able to be launched by parachute and disassembled for transport on backs of animals
DE1299234B (en) * 1965-01-19 1969-07-10 Bofors Ab Mobile gun
US3598016A (en) * 1969-03-18 1971-08-10 Gen Electric Automatic burst firing gun having revolving chambers
US5210370A (en) * 1988-01-22 1993-05-11 Royal Ordnance Lightweight weapon stabilizing system
GB8829192D0 (en) * 1988-12-14 1998-03-18 Vickers Shipbuilding & Eng Improvements in or relating to field howitzers
GB2313180B (en) * 1988-12-14 1998-02-18 Vickers Shipbuilding & Eng Improvements in or relating to field howitzers
GB9415799D0 (en) * 1994-08-04 1994-09-28 Royal Ordnance Plc Recoil system
FR2880108B1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2007-03-23 Giat Ind Sa ARM SYSTEM COMPRISING A LIGHT VEHICLE AND METHOD OF IMPLEMENTING SUCH AN ARMS SYSTEM

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2014057235A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SG11201502592VA (en) 2015-04-29
SA515360257B1 (en) 2018-08-16
JP6017696B2 (en) 2016-11-02
JP2015534634A (en) 2015-12-03
PL2906898T3 (en) 2019-02-28
EP2906898B1 (en) 2018-10-10
IN2015DN02910A (en) 2015-09-11
WO2014057235A1 (en) 2014-04-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8726784B2 (en) Field gun aim
US8061259B1 (en) Field howitzers
US9649903B2 (en) Weapons platform, military vehicle comprising a weapons platform and method for operating a weapons platform
KR100591348B1 (en) Self propelled gun
EP2906898B1 (en) Field gun
EP2730881A1 (en) Field gun
US5945625A (en) Tank turret
US8011286B2 (en) Field gun aim
EP2138800A1 (en) Field gun carriage
EP2304375B1 (en) Field gun carriage
GB2313180A (en) Field howitzers
EP4283239A1 (en) A self-propelled gun system
WO2023227861A1 (en) A self-propelled gun system
CA2645613A1 (en) Field gun aim
WO2010142930A1 (en) Field gun aim
ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND ALEXANDRIA VA ENGINEERING DESIGN HANDBOOK. CARRIAGES AND MOUNTS SERIES. CARRIAGES AND MOUNTS-GENERAL

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20150423

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20170223

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20180529

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1051745

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20181015

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 6

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602013044909

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20181010

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 1051745

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20181010

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190210

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190110

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190110

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190210

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190111

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20181031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181010

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602013044909

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181031

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181031

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181031

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20190711

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181010

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181010

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20131010

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Payment date: 20200930

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20201022

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Payment date: 20201002

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20211010

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20211010

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20211010

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20230920

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230920

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230920

Year of fee payment: 11