Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
  • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
  • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
  • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
  • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
  • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
  • B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
  • B60W30/1882—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power characterised by the working point of the engine, e.g. by using engine output chart
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
  • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
  • F02D41/0215—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with elements of the transmission
  • F02D41/0225—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with elements of the transmission in relation with the gear ratio or shift lever position
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
  • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
  • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
  • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
  • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
  • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
  • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
  • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
  • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
  • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
  • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
  • F02D2041/1468—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an ammonia content or concentration of the exhaust gases
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
  • F02D2200/70—Input parameters for engine control said parameters being related to the vehicle exterior
  • F02D2200/701—Information about vehicle position, e.g. from navigation system or GPS signal
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
  • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
  • F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
  • F02D41/0052—Feedback control of engine parameters, e.g. for control of air/fuel ratio or intake air amount
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
  • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
  • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
  • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
  • F02D41/1445—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being related to the exhaust flow
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
  • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
  • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
  • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
  • F02D41/1452—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a COx content or concentration
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
  • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
  • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
  • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
  • F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
  • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
  • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
  • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
  • F02D41/1459—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a hydrocarbon content or concentration
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
  • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
  • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
  • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
  • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
  • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
  • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
  • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
  • F02D41/1466—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a soot concentration or content
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
  • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
  • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
  • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
  • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
  • F16H2061/0232—Selecting ratios for bringing engine into a particular state, e.g. for fast warming up or for reducing exhaust emissions
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
  • F16H59/74—Inputs being a function of engine parameters

Definitions

• the present invention pertains to a method for the regulation of a concentration/fraction of one or several substances comprised in an exhaust stream by way of control of a motor vehicle's driveline. Further, the invention pertains to a computer program, a computer program product, a system and a motor vehicle comprising such a system. Background of the invention
• aftertreatment systems In order to meet such emission standards, the exhausts caused by the combustion in combustion engines are aftertreated (purified).
• a so-called catalytic purification process may be used, which is why aftertreatment systems usually comprise a catalyst.
• aftertreatment systems may alternatively or in combination with one or several catalysts comprise other components, such as one or several particulate filters.
• Figure 1 shows the combustion engine 101 of a motor vehicle 100, where the exhaust stream generated by the combustion is led via a turbocharger 220.
• the exhaust stream is subsequently led via a pipe 204 (indicated with arrows) to a particulate filter (Diesel Particulate Filter. DPF) 202 via a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) 205.
• the aftertreatment system comprises an SCR catalyst 201 (Selective Catalytic Reduction, SCR), arranged downstream of the particulate filter 202, which uses ammonia (NFL), or a composition from which ammonia may be generated/formed, as an additive for the reduction of the quantity of nitrogen oxides NO x .
• SCR catalyst 201 Selective Catalytic Reduction, SCR
• NNL ammonia
• the particulate filter 202 may alternatively be arranged downstream of the SCR catalyst 201 .
• the diesel oxidation catalyst DOC 205 has several functions and uses the surplus of air which the engine process generally creates in the exhaust stream as a chemical reactor jointly with a precious metal coating in the diesel oxidation catalyst.
• the said diesel oxidation catalyst is normally primarily used to oxidise remaining hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust stream into carbon dioxide, water and heat, and conversion of nitrogen monoxide into nitrogen dioxide.
• the particulate filter In connection with combustion of fuel in the combustion engine's combustion chamber (cylinders) soot particles are formed. For this reason, the particulate filter is used to catch soot particles and thus functions so that the exhaust stream is led through a filter structure where soot particles are caught from the passing exhaust stream and stored in the particulate filter.
• the particulate filter is filled with soot as the vehicle is driven and sooner or later the filter must be emptied of soot, which is usually achieved with the help of so-called regeneration.
• the said regeneration entails that the soot particles (mainly carbon particles) are converted into carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide in one or several chemical processes. Regeneration may occur in various ways and may, for example, occur with the help of so- called NO:-based regeneration, often also called passive regeneration, or through so-called oxygen (02)-based regeneration, also called active regeneration.
• nitrogen oxide and carbon oxide are formed in a reaction between carbon and nitrogen dioxide according to e.g. equation 1 :
• the passive regeneration is heavily dependent on the availability of nitrogen dioxide. I f the supply of nitrogen dioxide is reduced, the regeneration speed is also reduced.
• the supply of nitrogen dioxide may e.g. be reduced if the formation of nitrogen dioxide is hampered, which may e.g. occur if one or several components in the aftertreatment system are contaminated by sulphur, which normally occurs in at least some types of fuel, e.g. diesel. Competing chemical reactions also hamper the nitrogen dioxide transformation.
• passive regeneration is that desired reaction speeds and thus the speed at which the filter is emptied are achieved at lower temperatures.
• regeneration of the particulate filter during passive regeneration occurs at temperatures in the range of 200°C to 500°C, although temperatures in the higher part of this interval are normally preferable.
• this thus constitutes a great advantage if e.g. an SCR catalyst is present, since J there is no risk that such a high temperature level is achieved that there is a risk of damage to the SCR catalyst. Nevertheless, it is important that a relatively high temperature is achieved in order for an effective passive regeneration to take place.
• the maximum temperature which may be used in active regeneration is limited by tolerances for some of the components comprised in the aftertreatment system/exhaust system.
• the particulate filter 202 and/or (where applicable) a subsequent SCR catalyst have constructional limitations with regard to the maximum temperature they may be subjected to.
• the active regeneration may have a maximum component temperature which is often undesirably low.
• a very high minimum temperature is required in order for any usable reaction speed to arise at all.
• the soot load is normally essentially totally burned in the particulate filter 202. This means that a total regeneration of the particulate filter is obtained, following which the soot level in the particulate filter is essentially 0%.
• the concentration/fraction for the exhaust stream resulting from the combustion will vary. If the combustion engine is working hard, the exhaust stream will have a higher concentration/fraction of combustion products and lower concentrations/fractions of combustion reactants, and if the load on the combustion engine is relatively low the exhaust stream's concentration/fraction will be essentially the reverse. If the vehicle is driven for a longer period of time in such a manner that the exhaust stream contains relatively high concentrations/fractions of undesired combustion products, such as e.g.
• a degradation of the function of the diesel oxidation catalyst 205 will occur because the reaction of the sulphur which is usually present in the fuel in various forms with the active coating of the diesel oxidation catalyst 205, usually comprising one or several precious metals or other applicable metals such as e.g. aluminium.
• These problems usually arise at low ( 1 50°C) to medium (300°C) temperatures. At temperatures below 150°C to 250°C. for example, an SCR catalyst will not function well.
• active regeneration may take place at the desired speed.
• the temperature in the exhaust stream may not exceed a maximum permitted temperature so that heat sensitive components in the aftertreatment system are damaged as previously mentioned. It is then particularly important to ensure that the concentration of NO x is maintained at low levels and that the balance N02/NO x is optimal.
• the total concentration C rot which increases in an ideal gas if the pressure has increased and the temperature is falling, is expressed by the general gas law as C Tot — N Tot /V. where N Tot is the total number of molecules.
• the fraction which specifies the proportion of molecules in a volume which belongs to a certain substance is not changed unless additional molecules are mixed with the original volume. This may e.g. occur through diffusion and/or through remixing of gas elements through so- called turbulence.
• the new molecules which are mixed in may e.g. come from urea and/or diesel injected into the exhaust pipe, which may be evaporated or reacted. They may also come from previously stored substances which are released, e.g. condensed water which is dragged along with the exhaust stream and/or evaporated. Examples of substances in the exhaust system which may be regulated are: carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO) which react e.g. with oxygen into carbon dioxide (C02) and nitrogen dioxide (N02) respectively.
• CO carbon monoxide
• NO nitrogen oxide
• One objective of the present invention is to provide a solution which wholly or partly resolves problems and/or disadvantages with solutions for the regulation of a concentration/fraction of one or several substances comprised in an exhaust stream according to prior art.
• the above mentioned objective is achieved with a method for the regulation of a concentration/fraction of one or several substances comprised in an exhaust stream in a motor vehicle through control of its driveline, the motor vehicle of which comprises: a driveline comprising a combustion engine which may be connected to an automatic gearbox or a manual gearbox via a clutch device, where the said automatic gearbox or the said manual gearbox has several discrete gears, and an exhaust system arranged for the removal or an exhaust stream from the said combustion engine; where the said method comprises the step:
• One method according to the invention may also be implemented in a computer program, which when executed in a computer ach ieves that the computer carries out the method according to the invention.
• a system arranged for the control of one or several functions in a motor vehicle which motor vehicle comprises: a driveline comprising a combustion engine which may be connected to an automat ic gearbox or to a manual gearbox via a clutch device, where the said automatic gearbox or said manual gearbox has several discrete gears, and an exhaust system arranged for the removal of an exhaust stream from the said combustion engine; where the said system comprises a control device arranged to control the said automatic gearbox or the said manual gearbox, and thus an operating point in the said combustion engine, based on the said one or several first parameters P t for the regulation of a concentration/fraction C Ex IX Ex of one or several substances comprised in the said exhaust stream, where at least one of the said one or several first parameters P 1 are a first concentration/fraction difference between the said first concentration/fraction C- ⁇ I ⁇ in the said exhaust stream and a reference concentration/fraction
• the above ment ioned system is preferably arranged in a motor vehicle, such as a bus, a truck or another similar motor vehicle.
• an improved solution for the regulation/control of a concentration/fraction of one or several substances comprised in an exhaust stream in a motor vehicle is obtained.
• the invention enables regulation of the concentration/fract ion of one or several substances comprised in such operating condit ions where regulation of the concentration/fraction has not been possible or sufficient with solutions according to prior art.
• One method or a system for the regulation of the concentration/fraction of comprised substances according to the present invention facilitates that components in the exhaust system, such as particulate filters and catalysts, may work efficiently since the concentration/fraction of substances comprised in the exhaust system may efficiently and accurately be adjusted to the said components' optimal working concentration/fraction. The risk that components in the exhaust system are damaged due to e.g. overheating and contamination is thus also reduced.
• the invention provides a more fuel effective method for achieving a desired concentration/fraction of substances comprised, or for maintaining a current concentration/fraction of substances comprised in the exhaust stream compared to prior art.
• measures resulting in big fuel consumption may be avoided, such as activation of an external heater or engine control prioritising the concentration/fraction over the engine's efficiency.
• Another advantage of the invention is that it is not necessary to equip the vehicle with further parts/components in order to achieve the advantages of the invention since already existing parts/components in the vehicle may be used, which entails a great cost saving.
• Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a system comprising a combustion engine and an exhaust system
• FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example vehicle
• Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a gas flow in an engine system
• Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a control device
• FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram of one embodiment of the invention. Detailed description of the invention
• Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle 100, such as a truck, bus or other similar motor vehicle.
• the vehicle 100 schematically shown in Fig. 2 comprises a pair of front wheels 1 1 1 , 1 12 and a pair of rear wheels with driving wheels 1 1 3, 1 14.
• the vehicle also comprises a driveline with a combustion engine 101 (e.g. a diesel engine), which via an output shaft 102 on the combustion engine is connected to a gearbox 103, for example via a clutch device 106.
• the clutch device may consist of an automatically controlled clutch and be controlled by the vehicle's control system via a control device 1 1 5, 208, which may also control the gearbox 103.
• An output shaft 107 from the gearbox 103 drives the driving wheels 1 13, 1 14 via a final drive 108, such as a differential, and drive shafts 104. 105 connected to the said final drive 108.
• the vehicle 100 also has an exhaust system arranged to remove an exhaust stream generated by the combustion engine 101 on a combustion in the same.
• the exhaust system may comprise an aftertreatment system (exhaust purification system) for the treatment (purification) of exhaust emissions from the combustion engine 101.
• the exhaust system may comprise other parts/components such as a turbo, a silencer system, and gas flow systems for EGR.
• the gearbox 103 is usually a manual gearbox; an automatic gearbox, such as an automatic gearbox, automatic manual gearbox (Automatic Manual Transmission, AMT) or double clutch gearbox (Double Clutch Transmission, DCT); or a continuous variable gearbox (Continuous Variable Transmission/Infinitely Variable Transmission, CVT/IVT).
• an automatic gearbox such as an automatic gearbox, automatic manual gearbox (Automatic Manual Transmission, AMT) or double clutch gearbox (Double Clutch Transmission, DCT); or a continuous variable gearbox (Continuous Variable Transmission/Infinitely Variable Transmission, CVT/IVT).
• a manual gearbox 103 is a gearbox with a number of discrete gears and is arranged to be manoeuvred by the driver for engagement or disengagement of gears (e.g. forward and reverse gears).
• An automatic gearbox also has a number of gears, i.e. it comprises several discrete gears. However, it differs from a manual gearbox in that it is controlled/manoeuvred by a control system comprising one or several control devices, also called ECUs (Electronic Control Unit).
• the control device or ECU is arranged to control the gearbox 103, for example on a shift from gear selection at a certain speed with a certain running resistance.
• the ECU may measure the speed and torque of the engine 101 and the condition of the gearbox.
• Information from the engine or the gearbox may be sent to the ECU in the form of electric communications signals via, for example a so-called CAN (Controller Area Network) bus installed in the motor vehicle 100.
• CAN Controller Area Network
• the gearbox 103 has been illustrated schematically as one device. However, it should be noted that the gearbox may also physically consist of several cooperating gearboxes, for example a so-called range gearbox, a main gearbox and a split gearbox, which are arranged along the vehicle's driveline. Gearboxes according to the above may comprise any number of suitable discrete gears. Today's gearboxes for heavy goods vehicles usually have twelve forward gears, two reverse gears and one neutral gear.
• a continuously variable gearbox also called a CVT gearbox or IVT gearbox
• CVT gearbox is another type of well known gearbox which differs from the previous gearbox types since it does not have a number of discrete gears corresponding to different gearings but instead has a continuously variable gearing.
• gearing may thus within certain limits be controlled to the exact gearing desired.
• an upshift means that a higher possible gear in the gearbox is selected while a downshift means that a lower possible gear in the gearbox is selected.
• gearboxes with several discrete gears "fictitious" gear steps may be defined and shifting gears may occur in the same manner as for a gearbox with discrete gear steps.
• the usual way of controlling such a continuously variable gearbox is to let the gearing vary depending on other relevant parameters.
• the control of such a gearbox is usually integrated with the control of the combustion engine's speed and torque, i.e. its operating point.
• a common method is to let control of the continuously variable gearbox be based on a current driving power requirement, e.g.
• Disconnection of the driving wheels from the engine may, for example, be achieved by putting the gearbox 103 in a neutral gear, or by opening the clutch device 106. In other words, essentially no power is transmitted through the gearbox from the engine to the driving wheels during coasting.
• the driveline of the motor vehicle 100 comprises an automatic gearbox or a manual gearbox of the type described above with several discrete gears. Further, it is assumed that the motor vehicle comprises a combustion engine 101 and an exhaust system connected to the combustion engine for removal of an exhaust stream from the combustion engine.
• One method according to the present invention for the regulation of a concentration/fraction of one or several substances comprised in the exhaust stream comprises the step: control of an automatic gearbox or a manual gearbox, and thus an operating point in a combustion engine, based on one or several first parameters P x for the regulation of a concentration/fraction C Ex IX Ex of one or several substances comprised in the exhaust stream, where at least one of the said one or several first parameters P x is a first concentration/fraction difference between the said first concentration/fraction C 1 /X 1 in the said exhaust stream and a reference concentration/fraction C Re flX Ref .
• the control of the automatic gearbox or the manual gearbox preferably takes place through control of the gear in the automatic gearbox or the manual gearbox.
• the reference concentration/fraction C Rer IX Re f is a desired concentration/fraction in the exhaust stream.
• Control o f the automatic gearbox means that a control system controls the gearbox as described above.
• Control of the manual gearbox means, instead, that a driver of the vehicle changes gears as guided by a presentation/indication system which is arranged to present/indicate a suitable desired gear to the driver according to the previous algorithm for gear selection.
• the presentation/indication system entails a driver support for the driver ( "driver support") when shifting gears while driving the vehicle.
• the presentation may, for example, involve visual, audio or tactile presentation/indication or combinations thereof with suitable arrangements for this purpose.
• the one or several first parameters P 1 are preferably used as in-parameters for a control algorithm arranged to control the concentration/fraction in the exhaust stream at a desired value through control of the driveline (e.g. gearbox and clutch).
• the control algorithm may be of many different types and may be an algorithm which only looks at the first parameter and uses one or several threshold values (e.g. one higher and one lower threshold value) to determine which control measure should be taken.
• a more advanced control algorithm also takes into account other variables as explained in the description below .
• the exhaust stream is the gas stream which leaves a combustion engine and is led out via the exhaust system's different components to the surrounding atmosphere.
• the exhaust stream may to some extent be recirculated (so-called EGR), expanded over a turbine in order to generate a mechanical energy (to e.g. a turbo compressor or for the propulsion of the vehicle), expanded over an exhaust brake damper (in order to increase losses in the engine and brake the vehicle or in order to generate warmer exhausts to optim ise the exhaust treatment), cooled over an WHR plant and/or puri fied in a more or less advanced exhaust treatment plant.
• EGR recirculated
• the components in the exhaust system in which the concentration/fraction and temperature in/on the exhaust stream (or the bulk flow of the exhaust stream) may need to be regulated are, according to one embodiment of the invention: the high pressure part of the exhaust and EGR system (upstream of the turbo turbine) and pipe elements in the low pressure part before and after restrictions, such as an exhaust brake, catalyst or catalyst bypass and after urea and HC dosage systems.
• the concentration/fraction in the gas in catalysts e.g. DOC, ASC and SCR
• traps e.g. NOx trap
• filters both bulk and those inside the boundary layer against the component surface
• the said first concentration/fraction C 1 /X 1 and/or the said second concentration/fraction C 2 /A , 2 is a concentration/fraction of one or several substances from the group comprising: oxygen 02. carbon dioxide C02, carbon oxide CO, sulphur oxides SOx, nitrogen oxides NOx. nitrogen oxide NO, nitrogen dioxide N02, nitrous oxide N20, ammonia NH3; and particles such as soot. HC drops and ash.
• Preferred concentrations/fractions in the exhaust pipe after the final exhaust treatment step are those which, with a minimal total fuel and urea consumption, meet the statutory emission requirements.
• the preferred values for a N02/NO x ratio entering the SCR catalyst are around 50%, for example between 40-60% for the best conversion grade of NO x to be achieved.
• the preferred N02- content upstream of the particulate filter (DPF) is heavily dependent on temperature and the NO x /PM relationship.
• certain components in the exhaust system are sensitive to certain substances in certain phases. For example, NO x sensors are sensitive to water in liquid form.
• the preferred concentration of liquid water drops in this case is zero.
• the preferred concentration margin i.e. the difference between the concentration of water in gaseous form in the exhausts and the concentration of evaporated water on the liquid surface, is maximised during an integrated period of time.
• Other ways of regulating the concentration/fraction with a method according to the present invention is, for example, to reduce the oxygen concentration in the exhaust system so that a local or global excess temperature is prevented in components such as the particulate filter, the diesel oxidation catalyst, the SCR dosage device and the SCR catalyst.
• the one or several first parameters P 1 are selected from a group comprising: • a first concentration/fraction C i /X 1 which may be a concentration/fraction in an area of the exhaust stream or a concentration/fraction in the exhaust stream on/nearest a surface or substrate in any part or component of the exhaust system, such as a particulate filter, catalyst, silencer, sensor, etc.; and
• the second concentration/fraction C 2 /X 2 is a different concentration/fraction in the exhaust stream from the first concentration/fraction C 1 /X i .
• the second concentration/fraction C 2 / , 2 may be a concentration/fraction in an area of the exhaust stream.
• one or several of the first parameters P 1 is a time derivative and/or time integral of the first concentration/fraction C 1 /X 1 , or the first concentration/fraction difference, or the second concentration/fraction difference.
• the use of a time derivative is advantageous if the control system is to react quickly to a concentration/fraction change, while the use of a time integral instead entails that the control system takes into consideration long term trends in the concentration/fraction change, which is advantageous for long term control of the concentration/fraction in the exhaust system
• the above mentioned current concentrations/fractions and concentration/fraction differences and functions thereof may be based on sensor values obtained from one or several sensors arranged at, in connection with, or inside the exhaust system.
• Signals from sensors may be sent over a communications bus or a wireless link, for example, to one or several control devices for signal processing.
• concentrations/fractions and concentration/fraction differences as well as functions thereof may be based on so-called virtual sensors, i.e. (current) sensor values which are calculated with other real sensor signals with the use of one or several sensor models.
• one of the one or several first parameters P 1 are calculated (predicted) values selected from a group comprising:
• one calculated first concentration/fraction C 1 /X 1 which may be a concentration/fraction in an area of the exhaust stream or a concentration/fraction in the exhaust stream on/nearest a surface or substrate in any part or component of the exhaust system, such as a particulate filter, catalyst, silencer, sensor, etc.;
• the second reference concentration/fraction is a desired concentration/fraction in e.g. a component, such as a particulate filter or a catalyst, in the exhaust system in order for it to function as well as possible or not to be damaged;
• the second concentration/ tract ion C Z IX 2 is another concentration/fraction in the exhaust system than the first concentration/fraction C 1 /X 1 .
• the second concentration/fraction C 2 IX 2 may also be a concentration/fraction in an area of the exhaust stream or a concentration/fraction in the exhaust stream on/nearest a surface or substrate in any part or component of the exhaust stream such as a particulate filter, catalyst, silencer, sensor, etc.;
• a time derivative and/or a time integral of the calculated first concentration/fraction j / ⁇ , or the first calculated concentration/fraction difference, or the second calculated concentration/fraction difference, or the third calculated concentration/fraction difference is advantageous if the control system is to react quickly to a concentration/fraction change, while the use of a time integral instead entails that the control system takes into consideration long term trends in the concentration/fraction change, which is advantageous for long term control of the concentration/fraction in the exhaust stream.
• first predicted parameters P information is obtained regarding how the relevant parameters will vary over time which means that the system for the regulation of the concentration/fraction of substances comprised in the exhaust stream may be controlled so that the desired concentration/fraction may be achieved in the best possible manner in the future.
• Calculated parameters means that they are calculated or simulated in advance based on (mathematical) models of the vehicle and/or the components comprised in the vehicle.
• a control strategy for the control of the gear in the gearbox may be selected among several different possible control strategies. By calculating/simulating how the first parameter P will vary over the road sections lying ahead for the vehicle, according to one or several different control strategies, the control strategy which meets certain requirements, e.g.
• the concentration/fraction remains within a predefined limit value while being optimal from another perspective, for example fuel and/or urea consumption, may be selected.
• the above therefore entails that the one or several first parameters P x may also be calculated based on one or several different future control strategies for the gearbox.
• This embodiment thus pertains to a feedback method where one or several first parameters P t are used for the calculation of one or several control strategies based on one or several possible operating points, i.e. operating points which may possibly be used having regard to other requirements such as e.g. driveability or fuel consumption.
• the said one or several control strategies are subsequently used in order to calculate new one or several first parameters, or in order to update the existing parameters.
• control system may use information derived from this only control strategy to determine whether it may reasonably be used or whether it is better to let the vehicle be driven with the current operating point for the control of the gearbox.
• the one or several calculated first parameters ⁇ ⁇ may be calculated over a road section ahead of the vehicle, for example by simulation over the road section ahead.
• the calculated first parameters P x may be determined based on one or several vehicle-specific and/or road- specific data for the vehicle. These may preferably be selected from the group comprising: inclination of the road ahead of the vehicle, curve radii of the road section ahead, speed limits of the road section ahead; motor vehicle weight; rolling resistance of the motor vehicle; air resistance of the motor vehicle; engine-specific data such as maximum output, minimum output, maximum torque, minimum torque, exhaust flow, exhaust gas recirculation content and lambda values (i.e.
• driver-interactive data which is related to the driver's driving style may be used in connection with the calculation of the one or several first parameters P 1 so that the vehicle's future behaviour is taken into account when the calculation is made.
• driver- interactive data include the use of blinkers, gas pedal position, and use of brakes.
• vehicle-specific and/or road-specific data for control may determine in advance whether any control strategy for one or several functions (e.g. gearing, external load, external heater, regulations of flow, etc.) needs to be used for the concentration/fraction not to end up outside a preferred interval.
• control strategy for one or several functions (e.g. gearing, external load, external heater, regulations of flow, etc.) needs to be used for the concentration/fraction not to end up outside a preferred interval.
• the use of unnecessary control strategies is avoided and also the system may act proactively in the event any measure should be required, i.e. the system may act in advance.
• the first concentration/fraction C X IX is a concentration/fraction in the gas stream, or a concentration/fraction over a liquid, or a particle in the exhaust stream
• the second concentration/fraction C 2 / 2 is a concentration/fraction in the exhaust stream on/nearest a surface or substrate in the exhaust system.
• the surface concentration/fraction is a concentration/fraction in the gas on/nearest a surface of the exhaust system or on a part thereof, which impacts the transport of the substance to and from the surface and the chemical reactions on the surface.
• the concentration/fraction over a liquid refers to the concentration/fraction on a surface in the exhaust system. This concentration/fraction over a liquid will impact the transport of substance amounts to or from the liquid, e.g.
• the liquid may in this case consist of e.g. urea. water or fuel.
• the concentration/fraction immediately over a particle in the gas will on the other hand determine the reaction speed such as growth, decomposition or oxidation for the particle which in this case may be e.g. a soot or urea particle in the exhaust system.
• the first concentration/fraction C ⁇ IX ⁇ is a concentration/fraction in the exhaust stream upstream of an area in the exhaust system at which a concentration/fraction is desired to be obtained. This is especially advantageous where the conversion level of a component comprised in the exhaust system (e.g.
• a particulate filter or catalyst is unambiguous, so that the output concentration/fraction will be determined by the input concentration/fraction and/or the fraction entering the component. This is the case e.g. in an equilibrium-controlled conversion of NO into N02 in a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) or conversion of NO x in an SCR catalyst at high temperatures. It is also particularly advantageous if a particulate filter (DPF) is about to overheat and the overheating process may be stopped by removing oxygen in the particulate filter.
• DOC diesel oxidation catalyst
• DPF particulate filter
• the one or first parameters P x used in the control of the gearbox may consist of only current values, or consist of only calculated values, or be a combination of current and calculated values depending on the application.
• the control of the gearbox may according to another preferred embodiment take place by calculating an operating point for the combustion engine based on the one or several first parameters P 1 . Subsequently, the calculated operating point is used to control gears in the gearbox and thus to regulate the concentration/fraction in the exhaust stream.
• a desired/optimal operating point is selected among several possible operating points, and subsequent ly the driveline is controlled, e.g. by control of the gearbox in this case, so that the engine approximates the optimal operating point.
• a desired/optimal operating point means an operating point which is the best among all possible operating points for the purpose which the system wishes to achieve.
• the best operating point is the operating point which causes the concentration/fraction in the exhaust stream to approximate its corresponding reference concentration/fraction as much as possible.
• it may relate to e.g. an operating point which leads to the lowest consumption of e.g. fuel or urea having regard to the statutory emission requirements and driveability, etc.
• a gearbox is controlled to approximate an engine speed and thus an operating point so that the best total efficiency is achieved in the driveline, but driveability aspects are usually also taken into consideration.
• the engine speed may be set higher than optimal in order for a torque reserve to be available if the driver accelerates before an uphill slope, for example.
• the concentration/fraction in the exhaust stream is used as a parameter for the calculation of gears and engine speed, and thus emission targets are also taken into consideration when selecting gears.
• the emission target may be achieved without requiring any additional fuel-demanding measures.
• the gear is selected so that a desired drive power requirement may be delivered, i.e. that the driver's request is complied with to the greatest extent possible.
• the control system may deviate from this principle and instead allow the drive power to be intentionally lower than requested by the driver/vehicle. This means that the system allows the gearbox to remain in a higher gear and thus intentionally lets the engine remain at a lower engine speed than what is required in order to deliver the drive power requested. All concentrations/fractions of different substances do not behave in the same manner on a load increase or a load decrease. Based on knowledge regarding fundamental combustion relationships, emission chemistry, the exhaust treatment system and the engine's control strategy with respect to e.g.
• the engine load and the engine speed may be controlled for the regulation of a concentration/fraction. It should therefore be noted that the same driving case which in one case results in a downshift may in another case result in no measure, or result in an upshift depending on which substance the concentration/fraction of which is to be regulated.
• the calculation of the gears may also be based on further parameters related to:
• a requested drive power requirement which is usually used for the vehicle to be driveable, i.e. have the characteristics that it may be driven in a comfortable manner and in a manner where the vehicle to the greatest extent possible behaves as requested by the driver, e.g. maintains a certain speed, delivers the torque requested by the driver with the gas pedal, etc.;
• vehicle and road characteristics such as vehicle weight, rolling resistance, air resistance and road inclination are used to calculate how much drive power is needed;
• a torque response i.e. how quickly a requested increased drive wheel torque impacts on the vehicle's actual drive wheel torque. This aspect is relevant in the calculation of the operating point, since the driver's control of the gas pedal must also be taken into consideration. Otherwise there is a risk that the driver perceives that the vehicle does not respond to the driver's control of the gas pedal, and
• external loads are a system arranged for the conversion of exhaust heat into energy (WHR); auxiliaries such as a water pump, fan or compressor; generator; hybrid generator or similar energy recycling system; retarder, exhaust brake or other auxiliary brake.
• WHR exhaust heat into energy
• auxiliaries such as a water pump, fan or compressor; generator; hybrid generator or similar energy recycling system; retarder, exhaust brake or other auxiliary brake.
• the external load's power requirement may be controllable, so that the freedom in selecting an operating point for the engine is increased, which in turn means that also operating points which lie outside the vehicle's driving power requirement may be used for the regulation of the concentration in the exhaust system.
• the external load is of the "on” or "off type, i.e. it is either activated or not, and in these cases the control and calculation of the operating point is limited to determining whether or not the external load should be activated.
• the external load must be increased if a total concentration C ExTot in the exhaust stream is to be reduced; and if the total concentration C ExTot is to be increased, the external load must be reduced.
• the external load must instead be increased if the total concentration C ExTot in an area upstream of the exhaust brake is to be increased in the event that a quota for the pressure above the temperature increases.
• the external load must be reduced if the total concentration C ExTot in the area is to be reduced in case the quota for the pressure above the temperature decreases.
• the total concentration's dependency on the external load is given by the general gas law. With an increased load, the temperature of the exhausts normally increases, and thus the total concentration falls given that the pressure is kept constant.
• the number of candidate operating points shall consist of operating points that may be achieved having regard to a speed in the vehicle and the gears available in the gearbox.
• the engine torque may be varied with the help of the external load, however, the engine speeds which is still available are limited to those which may be achieved based on the vehicle's speed and gears available in the gearbox.
• the speed of the vehicle may either be the current speed, the desired speed or a calculation of how the speed will behave in the future.
• the vehicle's speed may also be selected based on an operating point calculated as per above.
• This embodiment is especially suitable in cases where the vehicle has a cruise control system installed and activated.
• a speed offset value may then be used to regulate a cruise control reference value, which is a value specified by the driver and indicates the speed which the vehicle must maintain in cruise control. This means that the speed offset value is added to or subtracted from the cruise control reference value. In this case, the possibilities of achieving the optimal operating point are increased since the number of possible operating points increases with respect to the engine speed, as it is linear depending on the vehicle's speed.
• the following principles for control of the gearbox are applicable for the engine to reach a desired temperature: downshift to a lower gear and thus a higher engine speed and lower torque (and thus a higher flow and colder exhausts and higher total concentration) if a value for the one or several first parameters P 1 passes a first threshold value; and upshift to a higher gear and thus a lower engine speed and a higher torque (and thus a lower flow and warmer exhausts and a lower total concentration) if a value for the one or several first parameters ⁇ passes a second threshold value.
• the first and second threshold values may assume, or be dependent on any value within, or in the vicinity of the concentration/fraction intervals which have been discussed previously.
• Preferred concentrations/fractions in the exhaust pipe after the final exhaust treatment step are those which, with a minimal total fuel and urea consumption, meet the statutory emission requirements.
• the preferred values for a N02 NO x ratio entering the SCR catalyst are around 50%, for example between 40-60%. for the best conversion grade of NO x to be achieved.
• the preferred N02-content upstream of the particulate filter (DPF) is heavily dependent on temperature and the NO N /PM relationship.
• the one or several first parameters P are suitable for the control of other functions in the vehicle for regulation of the concentration/fraction of substances comprised in the exhaust system. These functions must have a direct or indirect impact on the concentration/fraction in the exhaust system. Thus, the regulation of the concentration/fraction may be more efficient and faster. Suitable functions are related to the conversion of exhaust heat into energy; external heating of the exhaust system; injection of fuel into the engine; injection of fuel, urea or other suitable liquids to the exhaust system; and regulation of the exhaust flow. It should be realised that the one or several first parameters P 1 may be used to control such a function or a combination of two or several such functions.
• the one or several first parameters P 1 may be used for the control of a system arranged for conversion of exhaust heat into energy (Waste Heat Recovery, WHR).
• WHR Waste Heat Recovery
• the regulation of the temperature with the system for the conversion of exhaust heat into energy takes place according to one embodiment by maximum energy in relation to the input energy, or total converted energy, being taken out via the system.
• This regulation is preferably aimed at maximising the heat conduction into the system and is designed for example as a PID or MPC regulator (Proportional Integral Derivative, PID; Model Predictive Control, MPC).
• the one or several first parameters P r may be used for the control of at least one external heater for the exhaust system.
• the external heater's task is to increase the concentration/ fraction in the exhaust flow or any part/component in the exhaust system.
• the external heater is:
• the external heater is preferably controlled so that a maximum concentration increase is obtained in relation to the input energy or so that the temperature increase is maximised.
• the external heater may instead be controlled so that the temperature increase speed is prioritised.
• the control of the external heater may be configured as a PID or MPC regulator.
• the one or several first parameters P 1 may also be used for control of a fuel injection system arranged for injection of fuel to the combustion engine for the regulation of the concentration/fraction in the exhaust system. This may occur through control of the number of post injections, the time (CAD) for the post-injections, the pressure of the post- injections, and the fuel amount per post-injection.
• the control of the fuel injection system may be implemented as pre-control led or feedback control with e.g.
• MAP matrix-based regulation structure
• PID matrix-based regulation structure
• MPC matrix-based regulation structure
• a temperature which is downstream of the engine as well as a component in the exhaust system e.g. a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) or as a concentration/fraction difference over the component may be used.
• the regulation compensates for the efficiency of reactions in a component comprised in the exhaust system, for example the efficiency for NO into N02 conversion in a diesel oxidation catalyst.
• the one or several first parameters P x may be used for the control of an injection system arranged for the injection of fuel, urea or another suitable liquid to the exhaust system for regulation of the concentration/fraction C Ex IX Ex of one or several substances comprised.
• the one or several first parameters P 1 may also be used for the control of the exhaust flow, or one of the exhaust flows depending on the parameter, for example mass transfer coefficients.
• Control of the exhaust flow may for example occur through control of a gas flow system for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and/or through control of an intake system for the engine.
• Fig. 3 shows schematically a general gas flow in an engine system, where the engine system in this example comprises a diesel engine with a turbo and a number of pipes connected to the engine. Air is sucked in from the left in Fig. 3 with an intake system for the engine. The air which is sucked in passes through an intake pipe and is compressed in a turbocharger in order to be cooled subsequently by an intercooler before it passes, in certain cases, a throttle butterfly that regulates the amount of air into the diesel engine.
• EGR exhaust gas recirculation
• the air is then mixed with recirculated exhausts with a gas flow system for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and this mixture is then sucked into the engine's cylinders in order to be mixed with diesel or another fuel before combustion occurs in the engine.
• EGR exhaust gas recirculation
• the exhausts from the combustion process then pass through a turbo turbine which sets the turbocharger into motion. Parts of the exhausts, however, enter into an EGR pipe and are led back to the intake pipe via an EGR damper and one or several EGR coolers.
• the EGR damper's function is to regulate the amount of recirculated exhausts back to the combustion process. When the EGR gases are cooled, the use of EGR will move heat energy from the exhausts to the engine's cooling system.
• the exhausts Before the exhausts disappear entirely from the engine system, in some engines they pass through an exhaust damper (if installed), which controls the pressure in an exhaust collector (not shown in the figure). Subsequently, the exhausts pass through an aftertreatment system which may contain a diesel particulate filter and/or an SCR catalyst as mentioned previously. If the engine 101 is not heavily loaded, the exhausts will have a lower temperature than desired and thus cool the catalyst.
• One way of limiting the amount of cooling exhausts is to use a damper arranged in an intake pipe for air to the engine. Thus, the amount of air entering the engine may be limited, which in turn means the exhausts exiting the engine are also limited, which, with a given load, results in warmer exhausts with a usually higher fraction of combustion products.
• This damper is usually called a throttle butterfly, as mentioned above.
• the amount of air which the engine consumes is determined to a large extent by the speed o f the engine, which in this case means that: the higher the engine speed, the more air flow is required to the engine.
• the one or several parameters P may be used to control the gas flow system for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and/or the air intake system arranged for the regulation of an air flow to the engine.
• the control of the gas flow system for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) may be controlled with an additional parameter related to emissions produced by the said combustion engine.
• Emissions in this context mean, for example, exhausts and noise.
• a reduction of the exhaust flow may be combined with an increase of the engine load to change the fraction of a component comprised in the exhaust system.
• This embodiment may be realised with, for example, pre-controlled or feedback control of an exhaust brake with the use of: a setpoint for the fraction or a value which is a function of the said setpoint for the fraction.
• FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram of an exemplified embodiment of the method according to the invention: A.
• the first parameter P 1 from other sensor signals is measured or calculated.
• the first parameter P 1 may also be calculated over the road section ahead for the vehicle at A.
• a concentration/fraction regulating measure needs to be taken. This may, for example, take place by a comparison of the first parameter P 1 with a threshold value, or by comparing several calculations of the first parameter P t with related control strategies and based on these selecting which regulations measure(s) that need(s) to be taken.
• the operating point calculated at C is translated at D to a gear among the discrete gear steps available.
• the desired gear is also weighed up with desired gears with respect to other aspects, such as driveability aspects and total efficiency for the driveline.
• the gearbox is controlled so that a desired gear is engaged, which is achieved by the control system engaging the desired gear in the automatic gearbox or by the desired gear being presented/indicated to the driver so that the latter manoeuvres the manual gearbox to engage the desired gear.
• G If the adjustment of the operating point (gear and external load) is not sufficient to achieve the desired concentration/fraction, it is decided at G whether an external heater should be activated. However, the external heater could have been activated already at B.
• the present invention may also be implemented in a control system arranged to control all or parts of a driveline in a motor vehicle 100. Further, the system may comprise additional control devices arranged to control other functions such as external load, external heater, etc. Control devices of the type displayed are normally arranged to receive sensor signals from different parts of the vehicle as well as from other control devices. These control devices are also usually arranged to emit control signals to different vehicle parts and vehicle components. The control devices may also comprise, or be connected to, a calculation device arranged for the calculation/simulation of predicted parameter values.
• control systems in modern vehicles consist of a communications bus system consisting of one or several communications buses for the connection of a number of electronic control devices (ECUs) or controllers 1 1 5, 208 and different components arranged on the vehicle.
• ECUs electronice control devices
• controllers 1 1 5, 208 and different components arranged on the vehicle.
• Such a control system may comprise a large number of control devices, and the responsibility for a specific function in the vehicle may be distributed among one or more control devices.
• the control usually takes place with programmed instructions.
• These programmed instructions typically consist of a computer program, which, when it is executed in a computer or control device, causes the computer/control device to carry out the desired control, such as methods according to the present invention.
• the computer program usually consists of a computer program product, where the computer program product comprises an applicable storage medium 121 with the computer program 109 stored on the said storage medium 121 .
• the said digital storage medium 121 may e.g.
• control device 208 is displayed in the diagram in Fig. 4, and the control device in turn may comprise a calculation device 120, which may consist of e.g. a suitable type of processor or microcomputer, e.g. a circuit for digital signal processing (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), or a circuit with a predetermined specific function (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC).
• the calculation device 1 20 is connected to a memory device 1 2 1 , which provides the calculation device with e.g. the stored program code 109 and/or the stored data which the calculation device needs in order to be able to carry out calculations.
• the calculation device is also arranged to store interim or final results of calculations in the memory device 12 1.
• control device is equipped with elements/devices 122, 123, 124, 125 for receipt and sending of input and output signals, respectively.
• These input and output signals may contain waveforms, pulses, or other attributes, which may be detected by the devices for the receipt of input signals as information for processing by the calculat ion device 120.
• the devices 123, 124 for sending output signals are arranged to convert the calculation result from the calculation unit 120 to output signals for transfer to other parts of the vehicle's control system and/or the component(s) for which the signals are intended.
• Each one of the connections to the devices for receipt and sending of input and output signals may consist of one or several of a cable; a data bus, such as a CAN (Controller Area Network) bus, a MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport), or any other suitable bus configuration; or of a wireless communications connection.
• a data bus such as a CAN (Controller Area Network) bus, a MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport), or any other suitable bus configuration
• a wireless communications connection such as a Wi-Fi
• a (control) system comprises: a control device arranged to control an automatic gearbox or a manual gearbox, and thus an operating point in a combustion engine, based on one or several first parameters P t for the regulation of a concentration/fraction C Ex /X Ex of one or several substances comprised in an exhaust stream, where at least one of the said one or several first parameters P 1 are a first concentration/fraction difference between the said first concentration/fraction C 1 /X 1 in the said exhaust stream and a reference concentration/fraction C Re flX Ref - .
• this system may be implemented in a control system described above.
• the present invention also pertains to a motor vehicle 100, such as a bus, a truck or a similar motor vehicle, comprising at least one system according to the above.
• a motor vehicle 100 such as a bus, a truck or a similar motor vehicle, comprising at least one system according to the above.

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