EP2899375A1 - Moteur thermique à haut rendement imputable à des réactions d'équilibre réagissant à la température et procédé d'optimisation - Google Patents

Moteur thermique à haut rendement imputable à des réactions d'équilibre réagissant à la température et procédé d'optimisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2899375A1
EP2899375A1 EP15000186.5A EP15000186A EP2899375A1 EP 2899375 A1 EP2899375 A1 EP 2899375A1 EP 15000186 A EP15000186 A EP 15000186A EP 2899375 A1 EP2899375 A1 EP 2899375A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
engine
heat
working fluid
temperature
cycle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP15000186.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christopher Michael Woodsum
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/163,707 external-priority patent/US20140202147A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2899375A1 publication Critical patent/EP2899375A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2290/00—Engines characterised by the use of a particular power transfer medium, e.g. Helium

Definitions

  • the devices of the present disclosures are novel types of heat engines, to include turbines, which take advantage of chemically reacting working fluid components to significantly improve thermal efficiency.
  • the stated engines When operated under select conditions, determined by a described method for optimization, the stated engines are shown to have superior thermal efficiency and work output per mole of working fluid per cycle compared to conventional engines of the same class operating over the same temperature range.
  • Particular emphasis is given to the Stirling engine embodiment, as the calculations involved in theoretically optimizing the thermal efficiency of this embodiment are relatively simple and demonstrate the principles of the present invention in an intuitive manner.
  • state space diagrams which plot the path of cycles in state space, present a geometric method for calculating energy changes in the working fluid throughout the course of a cycle.
  • State space diagrams by convention and for simplicity in relating to real systems, plot intensive variables on the ordinate axis and extensive variables on the subordinate axis.
  • An example is the Pressure-Volume (P-V) diagram. Integrating the area under each step of the curve on a state space diagram, moving in the appropriate direction, will provide the energy change for that step. In this manner, the magnitude of work invested in fluid compression is subtracted from the magnitude of work spontaneously evolved from fluid expansion, in order to yield the net useful work from the cycle.
  • P-V Pressure-Volume
  • the ideal Stirling engine converts thermal energy to mechanical energy with isothermal work and contains a working fluid which follows the ideal gas law. Therefore, the magnitude of the work for fluid expansion or compression can be described by the well-known relation of ideal isothermal work ( W ), expressed by Equation 2 , to the molar quantity of fluid ( n ), the gas constant ( R ), and the ratio of final volume to initial volume commonly referred to as a compression ratio ( C ).
  • W nRT ln C
  • engine operating points and design parameters are chosen via a particular method, elsewhere described in this disclosure, in order to create a net efficiency gain, relative to that of a conventional Stirling engine.
  • Increased efficiency is achieved when the engine is operated with particular concentrations of particular working fluid components, at particular compression ratios, and with select heat source and heat sink temperatures, which depend on the particular details of the selected working fluid components.
  • the heat exchanger/regenerator is designed for sufficient recovery, by the regenerative heat exchange process, of the extra energy required for accomplishing chemical reaction of the working fluid, so that a net increase in useful work output and engine efficiency is accomplished at the selected operating points and for the selected engine design parameters.
  • Equation 11 ⁇ is the effective degree of dissociation, which is a function of the theoretical degree of dissociation and the irreversible losses from reaction during isothermal expansion, and C U is an empirical measure of the efficiency of mechanical and heat exchange components.
  • ⁇ th C U ⁇ 1 - 1 ⁇ ⁇ T C T H
  • the working fluid is a mixture containing dinotrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4 ) and nitrosyl bromide (NOBr), with which the behavior of the NOBr and the common dissociation product of the two reactions nitric oxide (NO), suppresses the competing reaction for N 2 O 4 (NO and O 2 dissociation).
  • N 2 O 4 dinotrogen tetroxide
  • NOBr nitrosyl bromide

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP15000186.5A 2014-01-24 2015-01-23 Moteur thermique à haut rendement imputable à des réactions d'équilibre réagissant à la température et procédé d'optimisation Withdrawn EP2899375A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/163,707 US20140202147A1 (en) 2013-01-24 2014-01-24 Heat Engine with High Efficiency Attributable to Temperature Responsive Equilibrium Reactions and Method for Optimization

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2899375A1 true EP2899375A1 (fr) 2015-07-29

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EP15000186.5A Withdrawn EP2899375A1 (fr) 2014-01-24 2015-01-23 Moteur thermique à haut rendement imputable à des réactions d'équilibre réagissant à la température et procédé d'optimisation

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EP (1) EP2899375A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3871179A (en) 1974-03-13 1975-03-18 Reginald B Bland Stirling cycle engine with catalytic regenerator
US4229942A (en) * 1978-06-06 1980-10-28 Kms Fusion, Inc. Radiolytic dissociative gas power conversion cycles
US5392606A (en) * 1994-02-22 1995-02-28 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Self-contained small utility system
US20050178125A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2005-08-18 Geba As Method for the utilization of energy from cyclic thermochemical processes to produce mechanical energy and plant for this purpose
US20060080960A1 (en) * 2004-10-19 2006-04-20 Rajendran Veera P Method and system for thermochemical heat energy storage and recovery
US8534063B2 (en) 2009-02-11 2013-09-17 Stirling Biopower, Inc. Control valve for a stirling engine
US8874256B2 (en) 2008-08-18 2014-10-28 Loadout Technologies LLC Monitoring and control system for commodity loading

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3871179A (en) 1974-03-13 1975-03-18 Reginald B Bland Stirling cycle engine with catalytic regenerator
US4229942A (en) * 1978-06-06 1980-10-28 Kms Fusion, Inc. Radiolytic dissociative gas power conversion cycles
US5392606A (en) * 1994-02-22 1995-02-28 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Self-contained small utility system
US20050178125A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2005-08-18 Geba As Method for the utilization of energy from cyclic thermochemical processes to produce mechanical energy and plant for this purpose
US20060080960A1 (en) * 2004-10-19 2006-04-20 Rajendran Veera P Method and system for thermochemical heat energy storage and recovery
US8874256B2 (en) 2008-08-18 2014-10-28 Loadout Technologies LLC Monitoring and control system for commodity loading
US8534063B2 (en) 2009-02-11 2013-09-17 Stirling Biopower, Inc. Control valve for a stirling engine

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ARTIN DER MINASSIANS; SETH R. SANDERS: "Multiphase Stirling Engines", JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING, vol. 131, May 2009 (2009-05-01), pages 021013 - 3
ARTIN DER MINASSIANS; SETH R. SANDERS: "Stirling Engines for Distributed Low-Cost Solar Thermal Electric Power Generation", JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING, vol. 133, February 2011 (2011-02-01), pages 011015 - 3
C.E. ILLIFFE: "Thermal Analysis of the Contra-Flow Regenerative Heat Exchanger", PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, vol. 159, no. 1, June 1948 (1948-06-01), pages 363 - 372
LOVEGROVE K ET AL: "EXERGY ANALYSIS OF AMMONIA-BASED SOLAR THERMOCHEMICAL POWER SYSTEMS", SOLAR ENERGY, PERGAMON PRESS. OXFORD, GB, vol. 66, no. 2, 1 June 1999 (1999-06-01), pages 103 - 115, XP004362654, ISSN: 0038-092X, DOI: 10.1016/S0038-092X(98)00132-7 *
WALKER G.: "Stirling Engines", 1980, CLARENDON PRESS

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