EP2894419B1 - Air-conditioning device for a compartment, in particular for a railway vehicle, and method for defrosting the device - Google Patents

Air-conditioning device for a compartment, in particular for a railway vehicle, and method for defrosting the device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2894419B1
EP2894419B1 EP15150505.4A EP15150505A EP2894419B1 EP 2894419 B1 EP2894419 B1 EP 2894419B1 EP 15150505 A EP15150505 A EP 15150505A EP 2894419 B1 EP2894419 B1 EP 2894419B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
branch
primary
heat
circuit
heat exchanger
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EP15150505.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2894419A1 (en
Inventor
Rami Abou Eid
Josselin Chan
Philippe Chevalier
Francis Mortreux
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Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
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Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
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Priority to PL15150505T priority Critical patent/PL2894419T3/en
Publication of EP2894419A1 publication Critical patent/EP2894419A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/0018—Air-conditioning means, i.e. combining at least two of the following ways of treating or supplying air, namely heating, cooling or ventilating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/06—Removing frost
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/06—Several compression cycles arranged in parallel
    • F25B2400/061—Several compression cycles arranged in parallel the capacity of the first system being different from the second
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/24—Storage receiver heat

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for air conditioning a compartment, in particular for a rail vehicle, and a method for defrosting such a device.
  • An air conditioning device for a compartment comprising a heat pump circuit
  • Said heat pump circuit conventionally comprises a first heat exchanger with the air from the compartment, a compressor, a second heat exchanger with outside air, and an expansion valve, arranged in series in a closed circuit to form a loop. .
  • a refrigerant circulates in this heat pump circuit, and exchanges heat, on the one hand with the air in the compartment in the first heat exchanger, and on the other hand with the outside air in the second heat exchanger. heat.
  • each heat exchanger has fins increasing the exchange surface with the air.
  • the humidity contained in the outside air can be deposited on the fins of the second heat exchanger in the form of frost. It then happens that this frost fills the spaces between the fins, then covers the second heat exchanger with a layer of frost capable of obstructing the passage of air. In this case, the performance of the heat pump circuit is greatly reduced.
  • a known solution for ensuring the defrosting of the second heat exchanger consists in reversing the cycle of the heat pump, so that the refrigerant takes heat from the first heat exchanger, and supplies heat to the second heat exchanger in such a way. to melt the frost.
  • the thermal comfort inside the compartment may decrease, since the heat pump circuit takes heat from this compartment via the first heat exchanger.
  • an electric heater is generally activated to compensate for this heat withdrawal.
  • a known solution provides for a thermal storage tank connected to the heat pump circuit, intended to promote defrosting.
  • the heat is taken from the thermal storage tank rather than from the air in the compartment.
  • the compartment is no longer heated anyway during defrosting, which can lead to a reduction in thermal comfort in this compartment.
  • such a device generally requires oversized components to perform satisfactorily.
  • such a solution is also not very advantageous.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to remedy these drawbacks, by providing an air conditioning device allowing defrosting of the external heat exchanger without reducing the thermal comfort in the compartment, and this without requiring the use of an electric heater. additional.
  • document JP 64-10062 A and also the document JP 2002 327968 A describe an air conditioning device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the subject of the invention is in particular an air conditioning device for a compartment, according to claim 1. Thanks to the two heat pump circuits, both connected to the thermal storage tank, and having independent operations, it is possible to provide numerous advantageous operating modes.
  • the thermal storage tank can be recharged with heat by one of the heat pump circuits, while the other heat pump circuit performs the heating of the compartment.
  • the presence of the thermal storage tank has no effect on the thermal comfort inside the compartment.
  • said other circuit operates in a configuration for heating the compartment and for storing heat in the storage tank, in which a refrigerant circulating in this circuit takes heat from the second heat exchanger of this circuit and restores heat from 'on the one hand to the first heat exchanger of this circuit, and on the other hand to the storage tank.
  • the figure shows an air conditioning device 10 for a compartment, in particular for a rail vehicle.
  • the term “compartment” covers any enclosed space that can be air-conditioned, for example a passenger compartment of a rail vehicle, a cockpit of a rail vehicle, a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, an aeronautical or maritime vehicle compartment. , or a room in a building.
  • the air conditioning device 10 comprises two heat pump circuits, namely a primary circuit 12 and a secondary circuit 12 'of similar heat pump.
  • the primary heat pump circuit 12 comprises, conventionally, a first primary heat exchanger 14 with the air from the compartment, a primary compressor 16, a second primary heat exchanger 18 with outside air, and a device primary expansion valve 20.
  • a primary refrigerant circulates in this primary circuit 12.
  • the first primary heat exchanger 14 is equipped with a first primary ventilation device 15, able to generate an air flow passing through this first primary heat exchanger 14.
  • the second primary heat exchanger 18 is equipped with a second primary ventilation device 19, suitable for generating an air flow passing through this second primary heat exchanger 18.
  • This primary heat pump circuit 12 is advantageously reversible, that is to say that it can be used to increase or to reduce the temperature in the compartment.
  • the air in the compartment can form a hot source or a cold source of the heat pump, depending on its mode of operation.
  • the structure of the primary circuit 12, which will be described below, is suitable for such a reversible operation.
  • the primary circuit 12 comprises a first branch 22, connected to the first primary heat exchanger 14, a second branch 24 extending between the first primary heat exchanger 14 and the primary expansion device 20, a third branch 26, s 'extending between the primary expansion device 20 and the second primary heat exchanger 18, and a fourth branch 28 connected to the second primary heat exchanger 18.
  • the primary circuit 12 comprises a primary compressor branch 30, on which the primary compressor 16 is arranged.
  • This primary compressor branch 30 extends between an inlet part 30A and an outlet part 30B.
  • the primary refrigerant can only flow in one direction in the primary compressor 16, therefore in one direction in the primary compressor branch 30.
  • the primary circuit 12 comprises a primary inversion device 32, suitable for connecting, alternately, said input part 30A to the first branch 22 and said output part 30B to the fourth branch 28, or said input part 30A to the fourth branch 28 and said outlet portion 30B to the first branch 22.
  • the primary refrigerant can flow from the primary compressor 16 to the first one. primary heat exchanger 14 or from the primary compressor 16 to the second primary heat exchanger 18.
  • each of these first 32A and second 32B three-way valves is suitable for allowing fluid communication of the inlet part 30A, respectively the outlet part 30B, with the first 22 or the fourth 28 branch.
  • These first 32A and second 32B valves are controlled so that when the inlet part 30A is connected to one of the first 22 or fourth 28 branches, then the outlet part 30B is connected to the other of these first 22. or fourth 28 branch.
  • the primary compressor branch 30 comprises a conventional buffer accumulator 34.
  • the primary expansion device 20 since an expansion valve also operates only in one direction of circulation of refrigerant, the primary expansion device 20 also has a reversible structure.
  • the primary regulator device 20 comprises a first primary regulator 34 carried by a first regulator branch 36, having an inlet connected to the second branch 24 and an outlet connected to the third branch 26, and a second primary regulator 38, carried by a second regulator branch 40, parallel to the first regulator branch 36, said second primary regulator 38 having an inlet connected to said third branch 26 and an outlet connected to said second branch 24.
  • each regulator branch 36, 40 advantageously comprises a respective non-return valve 42, 44, arranged in series with the first 34 or second 38 corresponding primary regulator, and oriented in the same direction as this first 34 or second 38 corresponding primary regulator.
  • this refrigerant passes through one or the other of the first 36 and second 40 branches of the expansion valve.
  • a thermal storage tank 46 is connected to the primary circuit 12, in parallel with said first primary heat exchanger 14.
  • the thermal storage tank 46 comprises an enclosure 48 filled with a fluid, in particular a liquid, for thermal storage, and a first hollow heat exchange element 50, housed in the enclosure 48, and communicating with the circuit heat pump primary 12.
  • the first hollow element 50 is connected on the one hand to said first branch 22 of the primary circuit 12 by means of a first primary duct 52, and on the other hand connected to said second branch 24 of the primary circuit. 12 via a second primary duct 54.
  • the first primary duct 52 is connected to the first branch 22 at a first primary branch 56, and the second primary duct 54 is connected to the second branch 24 at a second primary branch 57.
  • the first branch 22 comprises a first primary valve 58, in particular a solenoid valve , arranged between said first primary branch 56 and the first primary exchanger 14, and the first primary duct 52 comprises a second primary valve 60, in particular a solenoid valve.
  • the thermal storage tank 46 is housed in the compartment, and it is able to exchange heat with the air in this compartment.
  • the thermal storage tank 46 is equipped with a ventilation device 62, suitable for generating an air flow passing through this thermal storage tank 46, in order to promote the exchange of heat between the air in the compartment this storage tank. thermal storage 46.
  • the secondary heat pump circuit 12 will now be described below.
  • the secondary heat pump circuit 12 ' comprises, conventionally, a first secondary heat exchanger 14' with the air from the compartment, a secondary compressor 16 ', a second secondary heat exchanger 18' with outside air , and a secondary pressure reducing device 20 '.
  • a secondary refrigerant circulates in this secondary circuit 12 '.
  • the first secondary heat exchanger 14 ' is equipped with a first secondary ventilation device 15', capable of generating an air flow passing through this first secondary heat exchanger 14 '.
  • the second secondary heat exchanger 18 ' is equipped with a second secondary ventilation device 19', capable of generating an air flow passing through this second secondary heat exchanger 18 '.
  • This secondary heat pump circuit 12 ' is advantageously reversible, that is to say it can be used to increase or to reduce the temperature in the compartment.
  • the air in the compartment can form a hot source or a cold source of the heat pump, depending on its mode of operation.
  • the structure of the secondary circuit 12 ' which will be described below, is suitable for such reversible operation.
  • the secondary circuit 12 ' comprises a first branch 22', connected to the first secondary heat exchanger 14 ', a second branch 24' extending between the first secondary heat exchanger 14 and the secondary expansion device 20 ', a third branch 26 ', extending between the secondary expansion device 20' and the second secondary heat exchanger 18 ', and a fourth branch 28' connected to the second secondary heat exchanger 18 '.
  • the secondary circuit 12 ' comprises a secondary compressor branch 30', on which the secondary compressor 16 'is arranged.
  • This secondary compressor branch 30 ' extends between an inlet part 30A' and an outlet part 30B '.
  • the primary refrigerant can circulate only in one direction in the secondary compressor 16 ', therefore in only one direction in the secondary compressor branch 30'.
  • the secondary circuit 12 ' comprises a secondary inversion device 32', suitable for connecting, alternately, said input part 30A 'to the first branch 22' and said output part 30B 'to the fourth branch 28', or said inlet portion 30A 'to the fourth branch 28' and said outlet portion 30B 'to the first branch 22'.
  • the secondary refrigerant can circulate from the secondary compressor 16' to the first secondary heat exchanger 14 'or from the secondary compressor 16' to second secondary heat exchanger 18 '.
  • each of these first 32A 'and second 32B' three-way valves is suitable for allowing fluid communication of the inlet part 30A ', respectively the outlet part 30B', with the first 22 'or the fourth 28'. plugged.
  • These first 32A 'and second 32B' valves are controlled so that when the inlet part 30A 'is connected to one of the first 22' or fourth 28 'branch, then the outlet part 30B' is connected to the one. 'other of these first 22' or fourth 28 'branch.
  • the secondary compressor branch 30 ' comprises a conventional buffer accumulator 34'.
  • the secondary expansion device 20 ′ since an expansion valve also only operates in one direction of circulation of refrigerant, the secondary expansion device 20 ′ also has a reversible structure.
  • the secondary regulator device 20 ' comprises a first secondary regulator 34' carried by a first regulator branch 36 ', having an inlet connected to the second branch 24' and an outlet connected to the third branch 26 ', and a second secondary regulator 38 ', carried by a second regulator branch 40', parallel to the first regulator branch 36 ', said second secondary regulator 38' having an inlet connected to said third branch 26 'and an outlet connected to said second branch 24 '.
  • each regulator branch 36 ', 40' advantageously comprises a respective non-return valve 42 ', 44', arranged in series with the first 34 'or second 38' corresponding secondary regulator, and oriented in the same direction as this first 34 'or second 38' corresponding secondary regulator.
  • this refrigerant passes through one or the other of the first 36' and second 40 'of the expansion valve branches.
  • the thermal storage tank 46 is also connected to the secondary circuit 12 ', in parallel with said first secondary heat exchanger 14'.
  • thermal storage tank 46 a second hollow heat exchange element 64, housed in the enclosure 48, and communicating with the secondary heat pump circuit 12 '.
  • the second hollow element 64 is connected on the one hand to said first branch 22 'of the secondary circuit 12' by means of a first secondary duct 52 ', and on the other hand connected to said second branch 24 'of the secondary circuit 12 via a second secondary duct 54'.
  • the first secondary duct 52 ' is connected to the first branch 22' at a first secondary branch 56 ', and the second secondary duct 54' is connected to the second branch 24 'at a second secondary branch 57'.
  • the second branch 24' comprises a first secondary valve 58 ', in particular a solenoid valve, arranged between said second secondary branch 57 'and the first secondary exchanger 14', and the second secondary duct 54 'comprises a second secondary valve 60', in particular a solenoid valve.
  • each heat pump circuit 12, 12 will be described. More particularly, the various operating configurations of the primary circuit 12 will be described, the operating configurations of the secondary circuit 12 being identical.
  • a first operating configuration of circuit 12 is a heating configuration of the compartment.
  • the inversion device 32 is controlled to connect the input part 30A of the compressor branch 30 to the fourth branch 28 and to the output part 30B of this compressor branch 30 to the first branch. 22.
  • first solenoid valve 58 is open to allow the passage of refrigerant from the compressor 16 to the first heat exchanger 14.
  • the second solenoid valve 60 is closed to prevent the circulation of the refrigerant to the heat storage tank 46.
  • the circuit 12 operates like a conventional heat pump. Indeed, in a manner known per se, the refrigerant leaves hot from the compressor 16, then circulates through the first branch 22 to the first heat exchanger 14, where the refrigerant transfers heat to the air in the compartment.
  • the refrigerant then circulates through the second branch 24, then through the expansion valve branch 36 corresponding to this direction of circulation, where the refrigerant is further cooled when its pressure decreases in the expansion valve 34.
  • the refrigerant then circulates, through the third branch 26, to the second heat exchanger 18 to take heat there from the outside air.
  • the thus heated refrigerant then circulates in the fourth branch 28 to the compressor 16, in which it is compressed so as to increase its pressure, and therefore its temperature. The cycle then continues as described previously.
  • a second operating configuration of circuit 12 is a heat storage configuration in heat storage tank 46.
  • the first solenoid valve 58 of circuit 12 is closed, and the second solenoid valve 60 is open.
  • the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 circulates to the heat storage tank 46, where it gives up heat to the heat storage liquid.
  • circuit 12 in this storage configuration is similar to that of the heating configuration described above, except that the refrigerant transfers its heat to the heat storage liquid rather than to the air in the compartment. .
  • a third operating configuration of circuit 12 is a heating and storage configuration.
  • the first 58 and second 60 solenoid valves are open.
  • the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 separates into two separate flows at the first branch 56, to circulate on the one hand to the heat storage tank 46 and on the other hand to the first heat exchanger 14.
  • part of the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 circulates to the heat storage tank 46, where it transfers heat to the heat storage liquid, and another part of the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 circulates to first heat exchanger 14, where it transfers heat to the air in the compartment.
  • the compartment is heated less than in the first heating configuration, and the tank is heated less than in the second heat storage configuration.
  • a fourth operating configuration of circuit 12 is a configuration for cooling the air in the compartment. Indeed, thanks to the inversion device 32, the heat pump circuit 12 is reversible.
  • the inversion device 32 is controlled so that the inlet part 30A of the compressor branch 30 is connected to the first branch 22 and the outlet part 30B of this compressor branch 30 is connected to the fourth branch 28.
  • the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 circulates to the second heat exchanger 18, where it transfers heat to the outside air.
  • the refrigerant thus cooled then circulates through the third branch 26, then through the expansion valve branch 40 corresponding to this direction of operation, where the refrigerant is further cooled when its pressure decreases in the expansion valve 38.
  • the refrigerant then circulates through the second branch 24 to the first heat exchanger 14, where it takes heat from the air in the compartment.
  • the refrigerant finally circulates to the compressor 16, where a new cycle can begin.
  • a fifth operating configuration of circuit 12 is a cold storage configuration in heat storage tank 46.
  • the first solenoid valve 58 of circuit 12 is closed, and the second solenoid valve 60 is open.
  • the refrigerant leaving the expansion valve 38 circulates to the heat storage tank 46, where it takes heat from the heat storage liquid.
  • circuit 12 in this cold storage configuration is similar to that of the cooling configuration described previously, except that the refrigerant takes heat from the heat storage liquid rather than from the heat storage liquid. compartment air.
  • this fifth operating configuration can also be used for defrosting the second heat exchanger 18.
  • the heat taken from the heat storage liquid can be returned to the second heat exchanger 18 to cause the melting of the heat exchanger. frosted.
  • a sixth operating configuration of circuit 12 is a cooling and cold storage configuration.
  • the first 58 and second 60 solenoid valves are open.
  • the refrigerant leaving the expansion valve 38 separates into two separate flows at the second branch 57, to circulate on the one hand to the heat storage tank 46 and on the other hand to the first heat exchanger 14.
  • the compartment is cooled less than in the fourth cooling configuration, and the tank is cooled less than in the fifth cold storage configuration.
  • a first mode of operation of the air conditioning device 10 is used in the event of extreme cold, when the demand for heating in the compartment is high.
  • the primary 12 and secondary 12 'circuits are both in their first compartment heating configuration.
  • the two heat pump circuits 12 and 12 'thus operate in parallel, thus allowing more efficient heating than a single heat pump circuit.
  • a second operating mode of the air conditioning system is used when the demand for heating in the compartment is moderate.
  • This third operating mode is preferred to the second operating mode, when the heat demand in the compartment is the same, but it is desired to store heat in the tank 46.
  • the compartment is heated more than in the third operating mode, but the heat storage liquid is heated less than in this third operating mode.
  • a fifth operating mode is used when the heat demand in the compartment is even lower.
  • the corresponding ventilation device 62 is activated so that the heat storage liquid transfers its heat to the air in the compartment.
  • This sixth operating mode can only be used when the heat storage liquid has been heated beforehand, for example by one of the third to fifth operating modes described above.
  • the heat stored in the tank 46 is delivered in parallel with the heating of the compartment by one, the other or both heat pump circuits.
  • An eighth operating mode corresponds to the defrosting of one of the second outdoor exchangers 18, 18 ', and this without heat being taken from the air in the compartment.
  • the circuit 12, 12 ', the second heat exchanger 18, 18' of which requires defrosting operates in the fifth cold storage configuration.
  • the refrigerant takes heat from the storage tank 46, rather than from the air in the compartment, and returns this heat to said second heat exchanger 18, 18 ', which makes it possible to perform its defrost.
  • the other heat pump circuit 12, 12 operates in the first heating configuration of the compartment, as described previously.
  • the thermal comfort in the compartment is identical to that which would be obtained with a conventional air conditioning device comprising only one heat pump circuit in the heating configuration.
  • the ventilation devices 15, 19 of the first 14 and of the second 18 heat exchangers are deactivated.
  • it is not desirable to ventilate in the compartment during defrosting in order to avoid a reduction in the sensation of heat felt by the occupants of the compartment.
  • the air conditioning device 10 also allows the air in the compartment to be cooled. Indeed, thanks to the inversion device 32, each heat pump circuit is reversible.
  • a fourteenth operating mode one or the other or both heat pump circuits 12, 12 'operates in the compartment air cooling configuration, and the storage tank ventilation device 46 is activated. so that the storage liquid also draws heat from the air in the compartment.
  • This operating mode can only be used when the heat storage liquid has been cooled beforehand, in particular by one of the eleventh to thirteenth operating modes described above.
  • the two circuits 12, 12 ' are deactivated, for example for reasons of energy saving, and only the ventilation device of the reservoir 46 is activated, so that the storage liquid draws heat from the air in the compartment.
  • This operating mode can only be used when the heat storage liquid has been cooled beforehand, in particular by one of the eleventh to thirteenth operating modes described above.
  • the ventilation devices 15, 15 'linked to the first heat exchangers 14, 14' are activated while the two heat pump circuits 12, 12 'are deactivated, in order to provide a cooling function. ventilation in the compartment.
  • a ventilation function can be used alone, or in combination with the activation of the ventilation device of the reservoir 46 as in the fifteenth operating mode described above.
  • the air conditioning device 10 could include more than two heat pump circuits, all connected to the same storage tank 46.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de climatisation d'un compartiment, notamment pour un véhicule ferroviaire, et un procédé de dégivrage d'un tel dispositif.The present invention relates to a device for air conditioning a compartment, in particular for a rail vehicle, and a method for defrosting such a device.

On connaît déjà, dans l'état de la technique, un dispositif de climatisation d'un compartiment, comprenant un circuit de pompe à chaleur. Ledit circuit de pompe à chaleur comporte classiquement un premier échangeur de chaleur avec l'air du compartiment, un compresseur, un second échangeur de chaleur avec de l'air extérieur, et un détendeur, agencés en série dans un circuit fermé pour former une boucle.An air conditioning device for a compartment, comprising a heat pump circuit, is already known in the state of the art. Said heat pump circuit conventionally comprises a first heat exchanger with the air from the compartment, a compressor, a second heat exchanger with outside air, and an expansion valve, arranged in series in a closed circuit to form a loop. .

Un fluide frigorigène circule dans ce circuit de pompe à chaleur, et échange de la chaleur, d'une part avec l'air du compartiment dans le premier échangeur de chaleur, et d'autre part avec l'air extérieur dans le second échangeur de chaleur.A refrigerant circulates in this heat pump circuit, and exchanges heat, on the one hand with the air in the compartment in the first heat exchanger, and on the other hand with the outside air in the second heat exchanger. heat.

Afin de permettre un échange de chaleur optimal, chaque échangeur de chaleur comporte des ailettes augmentant la surface d'échange avec l'air.In order to allow an optimal heat exchange, each heat exchanger has fins increasing the exchange surface with the air.

Sous certaines conditions climatiques, l'humidité contenue dans l'air extérieur peut se déposer sur les ailettes du second échangeur de chaleur sous forme de givre. Il arrive alors que ce givre remplisse les espaces entre les ailettes, puis recouvre le second échangeur de chaleur avec une couche de givre susceptible de faire obstacle au passage de l'air. Dans ce cas, les performances du circuit de pompe à chaleur diminuent grandement.Under certain climatic conditions, the humidity contained in the outside air can be deposited on the fins of the second heat exchanger in the form of frost. It then happens that this frost fills the spaces between the fins, then covers the second heat exchanger with a layer of frost capable of obstructing the passage of air. In this case, the performance of the heat pump circuit is greatly reduced.

Une solution connue pour assurer le dégivrage du second échangeur de chaleur consiste à inverser le cycle de la pompe à chaleur, de sorte que le fluide frigorigène prélève de la chaleur au premier échangeur de chaleur, et apporte la chaleur au second échangeur de chaleur de manière à faire fondre le givre.A known solution for ensuring the defrosting of the second heat exchanger consists in reversing the cycle of the heat pump, so that the refrigerant takes heat from the first heat exchanger, and supplies heat to the second heat exchanger in such a way. to melt the frost.

Lorsqu'un tel dégivrage est effectué, le confort thermique à l'intérieur du compartiment peut diminuer, puisque le circuit de pompe à chaleur prélève de la chaleur dans ce compartiment par l'intermédiaire du premier échangeur de chaleur. Ainsi, afin de conserver une température confortable dans l'habitacle, un chauffage électrique est généralement activé pour compenser ce prélèvement de chaleur.When such a defrost is carried out, the thermal comfort inside the compartment may decrease, since the heat pump circuit takes heat from this compartment via the first heat exchanger. Thus, in order to maintain a comfortable temperature in the passenger compartment, an electric heater is generally activated to compensate for this heat withdrawal.

Un tel chauffage électrique est particulièrement consommateur d'énergie, si bien que cette solution est peu avantageuse.Such electric heating is particularly energy consuming, so that this solution is not very advantageous.

D'autres solutions sont connues pour effectuer un dégivrage du second échangeur de chaleur. Par exemple, une solution connue prévoit un réservoir de stockage thermique connecté au circuit de pompe à chaleur, destiné à favoriser le dégivrage. Dans ce cas, la chaleur est prélevée depuis le réservoir de stockage thermique plutôt que depuis l'air du compartiment. Cependant, le compartiment n'est quoi qu'il en soit plus chauffé pendant le dégivrage, ce qui peut entrainer une diminution du confort thermique dans ce compartiment. En outre, un tel dispositif nécessite généralement des composants surdimensionnés pour présenter un fonctionnement satisfaisant. Ainsi, une telle solution est également peu avantageuse.Other solutions are known for defrosting the second heat exchanger. For example, a known solution provides for a thermal storage tank connected to the heat pump circuit, intended to promote defrosting. In this case, the heat is taken from the thermal storage tank rather than from the air in the compartment. However, the compartment is no longer heated anyway during defrosting, which can lead to a reduction in thermal comfort in this compartment. In addition, such a device generally requires oversized components to perform satisfactorily. Thus, such a solution is also not very advantageous.

L'invention a notamment pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients, en fournissant un dispositif de climatisation permettant un dégivrage de l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur sans réduire le confort thermique dans le compartiment, et cela sans nécessiter l'utilisation d'un chauffage électrique supplémentaire.The object of the invention is in particular to remedy these drawbacks, by providing an air conditioning device allowing defrosting of the external heat exchanger without reducing the thermal comfort in the compartment, and this without requiring the use of an electric heater. additional.

Par ailleurs, le document JP 64-10062 A et aussi le document JP 2002 327968 A décrient un dispositif de climatisation selon le préambule de la revendication 1.Moreover, the document JP 64-10062 A and also the document JP 2002 327968 A describe an air conditioning device according to the preamble of claim 1.

L'invention a notamment pour objet un dispositif de climatisation d'un compartiment, selon la revendication 1 . Grâce aux deux circuits de pompe à chaleur, tous deux connectés au réservoir de stockage thermique, et présentant des fonctionnements indépendants, il est possible de prévoir de nombreux modes de fonctionnement avantageux.The subject of the invention is in particular an air conditioning device for a compartment, according to claim 1. Thanks to the two heat pump circuits, both connected to the thermal storage tank, and having independent operations, it is possible to provide numerous advantageous operating modes.

Selon l'invention il est possible d'effectuer un dégivrage du second échangeur de chaleur de l'un des circuits de pompe à chaleur, en prélevant de la chaleur depuis le réservoir de stockage thermique plutôt que depuis l'air du compartiment, tout en continuant à chauffer l'air du compartiment grâce à l'autre circuit de pompe à chaleur.According to the invention, it is possible to defrost the second heat exchanger of one of the heat pump circuits, by taking heat from the thermal storage tank rather than from the air in the compartment, while at the same time continuing to heat the air in the compartment using the other heat pump circuit.

Par ailleurs, le réservoir de stockage thermique peut être rechargé en chaleur par l'un des circuits de pompe à chaleur, tandis que l'autre circuit de pompe à chaleur effectue le chauffage du compartiment. Ainsi, la présence du réservoir de stockage thermique n'a pas de conséquence sur le confort thermique à l'intérieur du compartiment.In addition, the thermal storage tank can be recharged with heat by one of the heat pump circuits, while the other heat pump circuit performs the heating of the compartment. Thus, the presence of the thermal storage tank has no effect on the thermal comfort inside the compartment.

La présence d'au moins deux circuits de pompe à chaleur permet également d'autres modes de fonctionnement avantageux, qui seront décrits plus en détail ultérieurement.The presence of at least two heat pump circuits also allows other advantageous operating modes, which will be described in more detail later.

Un dispositif de climatisation selon l'invention peut comporter en outre l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou selon toutes combinaisons techniquement envisageable.

  • Le réservoir de stockage thermique comporte :- une enceinte remplie d'un fluide de stockage thermique, - un premier élément creux d'échange thermique, logé dans l'enceinte, et communiquant avec le circuit primaire de pompe à chaleur, et- un deuxième élément creux d'échange thermique, logé dans l'enceinte, et communiquant avec le circuit secondaire de pompe à chaleur.
  • Au moins l'un des circuits primaire et secondaire de pompe à chaleur comporte : - une première branche, connectée au premier échangeur de chaleur, - une deuxième branche, s'étendant entre le premier échangeur de chaleur et le dispositif détendeur, - une troisième branche, s'étendant entre le dispositif détendeur et le second échangeur de chaleur, - une quatrième branche, connectée au second échangeur de chaleur,- une branche de compresseur, sur laquelle est agencée le compresseur, et s'étendant entre une partie d'entrée et une partie de sortie, et - un dispositif d'inversion, propre à connecter alternativement ladite partie d'entrée à la première branche et ladite partie de sortie à la quatrième branche, ou ladite partie d'entrée à la quatrième branche et ladite partie de sortie à la première branche.
  • Au moins l'un des dispositifs d'inversion comporte : - une première vanne à trois voies, présentant une première voie connectée à ladite première branche, une seconde voie connectée à ladite partie d'entrée, et une troisième voie connectée à ladite quatrième branche, et - une seconde vanne à trois voies, présentant une première voie connectée à ladite première branche, une seconde voie connectée à ladite partie de sortie, et une troisième voie connectée à ladite quatrième branche.
  • Au moins l'un des dispositifs détendeur primaire ou secondaire comporte un premier et un second détendeurs, chacun porté par une première et une seconde branche de détendeur respective, tels que : - le premier détendeur, présente une entrée connectée à ladite deuxième branche, et une sortie connectée à ladite troisième branche, - le second détendeur présente une entrée connectée à ladite troisième branche, et une sortie connectée à ladite deuxième branche, et - chaque branche de détendeur comporte un clapet anti-retour, agencé en série avec le premier ou second détendeur correspondant, et orienté dans le même sens que ce premier ou second détendeur correspondant.
  • Le premier élément creux d'échange thermique est connecté d'une part à ladite première branche du circuit primaire de pompe à chaleur par l'intermédiaire d'un premier conduit primaire, et d'autre part à ladite deuxième branche du circuit primaire de pompe à chaleur par l'intermédiaire d'un second conduit primaire, et le deuxième élément creux d'échange thermique est connecté d'une part à ladite première branche du circuit secondaire de pompe à chaleur par l'intermédiaire d'un premier conduit secondaire, et d'autre part à ladite deuxième branche du circuit secondaire de pompe à chaleur par l'intermédiaire d'un second conduit secondaire.
  • Le premier conduit primaire est connecté à la première branche du circuit primaire à un premier embranchement primaire, le second conduit primaire est connecté à la deuxième branche du circuit primaire à un second embranchement primaire, la première ou seconde branche du circuit primaire comporte une première vanne primaire agencée entre ledit premier ou second embranchement primaire et le premier échangeur primaire, et le premier ou second conduit primaire comporte une seconde vanne primaire.
  • Le premier conduit secondaire est connecté à la première branche du circuit secondaire à un premier embranchement secondaire, le second conduit secondaire est connecté à la deuxième branche du circuit secondaire à un second embranchement secondaire, la première ou seconde branche du circuit secondaire comporte une première vanne secondaire, agencée entre ledit premier ou second embranchement secondaire, et le premier échangeur secondaire, et le premier ou second conduit secondaire, comporte une seconde vanne secondaire.
  • Au moins l'un des premier ou second échangeurs de chaleur primaire ou secondaire est équipé d'un dispositif de ventilation propre à générer un flux d'air passant par ce premier ou second échangeurs de chaleur primaire ou secondaire.
An air conditioning device according to the invention may also include one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically conceivable combination.
  • The thermal storage tank comprises: - an enclosure filled with a thermal storage fluid, - a first hollow heat exchange element, housed in the enclosure, and communicating with the primary heat pump circuit, and - a second hollow heat exchange element, housed in the enclosure, and communicating with the secondary heat pump circuit.
  • At least one of the primary and secondary heat pump circuits comprises: - a first branch, connected to the first heat exchanger, - a second branch, extending between the first heat exchanger and the expansion device, - a third branch, extending between the expansion device and the second heat exchanger, - a fourth branch, connected to the second heat exchanger, - a compressor branch, on which the compressor is arranged, and extending between a part of inlet and an outlet part, and - an inversion device, suitable for alternately connecting said inlet part to the first branch and said outlet part to the fourth branch, or said inlet part to the fourth branch and said exit part to the first branch.
  • At least one of the reversing devices comprises: - a first three-way valve, having a first way connected to said first branch, a second way connected to said inlet part, and a third way connected to said fourth branch , and - a second three-way valve, having a first way connected to said first branch, a second way connected to said outlet part, and a third way connected to said fourth branch.
  • At least one of the primary or secondary regulator devices comprises a first and a second regulator, each carried by a first and a second respective regulator branch, such as: - the first regulator, has an input connected to said second branch, and an outlet connected to said third branch, - the second regulator has an inlet connected to said third branch, and an outlet connected to said second branch, and - each regulator branch comprises a non-return valve, arranged in series with the first or second corresponding regulator, and oriented in the same direction as this first or second corresponding regulator.
  • The first hollow heat exchange element is connected on the one hand to said first branch of the primary heat pump circuit via a first primary pipe, and on the other hand to said second branch of the primary pump circuit. heat via a second primary duct, and the second hollow heat exchange element is connected on the one hand to said first branch of the secondary heat pump circuit via a first secondary duct, and on the other hand to said second branch of the secondary heat pump circuit via a second secondary duct.
  • The first primary duct is connected to the first branch of the primary circuit at a first primary branch, the second primary duct is connected to the second branch of the primary circuit at a second primary branch, the first or second branch of the primary circuit comprises a first valve primary arranged between said first or second primary branch and the first primary exchanger, and the first or second primary duct comprises a second primary valve.
  • The first secondary duct is connected to the first branch of the secondary circuit at a first secondary branch, the second secondary duct is connected to the second branch of the secondary circuit at a second secondary branch, the first or second branch of the secondary circuit has a first valve secondary, arranged between said first or second secondary branch, and the first secondary exchanger, and the first or second secondary duct, comprises a second secondary valve.
  • At least one of the first or second primary or secondary heat exchangers is equipped with a ventilation device capable of generating an air flow passing through this first or second primary or secondary heat exchanger.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de dégivrage selon la revendication 10 du second échangeur de chaleur du circuit de pompe à chaleur primaire ou secondaire d'un dispositif de climatisation tel que défini précédemment, selon lequel

  • le circuit primaire ou secondaire, comportant le second échangeur de chaleur à dégivrer, fonctionne dans une configuration de stockage de froid, dans laquelle un fluide frigorigène circulant dans ce circuit prélève de la chaleur au réservoir de stockage et restitue de la chaleur audit second échangeur de chaleur à dégivrer,
  • l'autre circuit fonctionne dans une configuration de chauffage du compartiment, dans laquelle un fluide frigorigène circulant dans ce circuit prélève de la chaleur au second échangeur de chaleur de ce circuit et restitue de la chaleur au premier échangeur de chaleur de ce circuit.
The invention also relates to a method of defrosting according to claim 10 of the second heat exchanger of the primary or secondary heat pump circuit of an air conditioning device as defined above, according to which
  • the primary or secondary circuit, comprising the second heat exchanger to be defrosted, operates in a cold storage configuration, in which a refrigerant circulating in this circuit draws heat from the storage tank and returns heat to said second heat exchanger. heat to defrost,
  • the other circuit operates in a compartment heating configuration, in which a refrigerant circulating in this circuit takes heat from the second heat exchanger of this circuit and returns heat to the first heat exchanger of this circuit.

Avantageusement, ledit autre circuit fonctionne en configuration de chauffage du compartiment et de stockage de chaleur dans le réservoir de stockage, dans laquelle un fluide frigorigène circulant dans ce circuit prélève de la chaleur au second échangeur de chaleur de ce circuit et restitue de la chaleur d'une part au premier échangeur de chaleur de ce circuit, et d'autre part au réservoir de stockage.Advantageously, said other circuit operates in a configuration for heating the compartment and for storing heat in the storage tank, in which a refrigerant circulating in this circuit takes heat from the second heat exchanger of this circuit and restores heat from 'on the one hand to the first heat exchanger of this circuit, and on the other hand to the storage tank.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant à la figure annexée, représentant schématiquement un dispositif de climatisation selon un exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention.The invention will be better understood on reading the description which will follow, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended figure, schematically showing an air conditioning device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. .

On a représenté, sur la figure, un dispositif 10 de climatisation d'un compartiment, notamment pour un véhicule ferroviaire.The figure shows an air conditioning device 10 for a compartment, in particular for a rail vehicle.

Dans la présente description, le terme « compartiment » recouvre tout espace clos pouvant être climatisé, par exemple un compartiment voyageurs de véhicule ferroviaire, une cabine de pilotage d'un véhicule ferroviaire, un habitacle de véhicule automobile, un compartiment de véhicule aéronautique ou maritime, ou encore une pièce d'un bâtiment.In the present description, the term “compartment” covers any enclosed space that can be air-conditioned, for example a passenger compartment of a rail vehicle, a cockpit of a rail vehicle, a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, an aeronautical or maritime vehicle compartment. , or a room in a building.

Le dispositif de climatisation 10 selon l'invention comporte deux circuits de pompes à chaleur, à savoir un circuit primaire 12 et un circuit secondaire 12' de pompe à chaleur similaires.The air conditioning device 10 according to the invention comprises two heat pump circuits, namely a primary circuit 12 and a secondary circuit 12 'of similar heat pump.

Le circuit primaire de pompe à chaleur 12 comprend, de manière classique, un premier échangeur primaire 14 de chaleur avec l'air du compartiment, un compresseur primaire 16, un second échangeur primaire 18 de chaleur avec de l'air extérieur, et un dispositif détendeur primaire 20. Un fluide frigorigène primaire circule dans ce circuit primaire 12.The primary heat pump circuit 12 comprises, conventionally, a first primary heat exchanger 14 with the air from the compartment, a primary compressor 16, a second primary heat exchanger 18 with outside air, and a device primary expansion valve 20. A primary refrigerant circulates in this primary circuit 12.

Avantageusement, le premier échangeur de chaleur primaire 14 est équipé d'un premier dispositif de ventilation primaire 15, propre à générer un flux d'air passant par ce premier échangeur de chaleur primaire 14. De même, le second échangeur de chaleur primaire 18 est équipé d'un second dispositif de ventilation primaire 19, propre à générer un flux d'air passant par ce second échangeur de chaleur primaire 18. Ces dispositifs de ventilation favorisent l'échange de chaleur entre l'air et l'échangeur de chaleur correspondant.Advantageously, the first primary heat exchanger 14 is equipped with a first primary ventilation device 15, able to generate an air flow passing through this first primary heat exchanger 14. Likewise, the second primary heat exchanger 18 is equipped with a second primary ventilation device 19, suitable for generating an air flow passing through this second primary heat exchanger 18. These ventilation devices promote the exchange of heat between the air and the corresponding heat exchanger .

Ce circuit primaire de pompe à chaleur 12 est avantageusement réversible, c'est-à-dire qu'il peut être utilisé pour augmenter ou pour réduire la température dans le compartiment. En d'autres termes, l'air du compartiment peut former une source chaude ou une source froide de la pompe à chaleur, en fonction de son mode de fonctionnement.This primary heat pump circuit 12 is advantageously reversible, that is to say that it can be used to increase or to reduce the temperature in the compartment. In other words, the air in the compartment can form a hot source or a cold source of the heat pump, depending on its mode of operation.

Ainsi, la structure du circuit primaire 12, qui va être décrite ci-dessous, est adaptée pour un tel fonctionnement réversible.Thus, the structure of the primary circuit 12, which will be described below, is suitable for such a reversible operation.

En particulier, le circuit primaire 12 comporte une première branche 22, connectée au premier échangeur de chaleur primaire 14, une deuxième branche 24 s'étendant entre le premier échangeur de chaleur primaire 14 et le dispositif détendeur primaire 20, une troisième branche 26, s'étendant entre le dispositif détendeur primaire 20 et le second échangeur de chaleur primaire 18, et une quatrième branche 28 connectée au second échangeur de chaleur primaire 18.In particular, the primary circuit 12 comprises a first branch 22, connected to the first primary heat exchanger 14, a second branch 24 extending between the first primary heat exchanger 14 and the primary expansion device 20, a third branch 26, s 'extending between the primary expansion device 20 and the second primary heat exchanger 18, and a fourth branch 28 connected to the second primary heat exchanger 18.

Par ailleurs, le circuit primaire 12 comporte une branche de compresseur primaire 30, sur laquelle est agencé le compresseur primaire 16. Cette branche de compresseur primaire 30 s'étend entre une partie d'entrée 30A et une partie de sortie 30B. En effet, le fluide frigorigène primaire ne peut circuler que dans un sens dans le compresseur primaire 16, donc dans un seul sens dans la branche de compresseur primaire 30.Furthermore, the primary circuit 12 comprises a primary compressor branch 30, on which the primary compressor 16 is arranged. This primary compressor branch 30 extends between an inlet part 30A and an outlet part 30B. In fact, the primary refrigerant can only flow in one direction in the primary compressor 16, therefore in one direction in the primary compressor branch 30.

Ainsi, le circuit primaire 12 comporte un dispositif d'inversion primaire 32, propre à connecter, alternativement, ladite partie d'entrée 30A à la première branche 22 et ladite partie de sortie 30B à la quatrième branche 28, ou ladite partie d'entrée 30A à la quatrième branche 28 et ladite partie de sortie 30B à la première branche 22. Ainsi, en fonction de la connexion effectuée par le dispositif d'inversion primaire 32, le fluide frigorigène primaire peut circuler depuis le compresseur primaire 16 jusqu'au premier échangeur de chaleur primaire 14 ou depuis le compresseur primaire 16 jusqu'au second échangeur de chaleur primaire 18.Thus, the primary circuit 12 comprises a primary inversion device 32, suitable for connecting, alternately, said input part 30A to the first branch 22 and said output part 30B to the fourth branch 28, or said input part 30A to the fourth branch 28 and said outlet portion 30B to the first branch 22. Thus, depending on the connection made by the primary reversing device 32, the primary refrigerant can flow from the primary compressor 16 to the first one. primary heat exchanger 14 or from the primary compressor 16 to the second primary heat exchanger 18.

Le dispositif d'inversion primaire 32 comporte par exemple :

  • une première vanne à trois voies 32A, présentant une première voie connectée à ladite première branche 22, une seconde voie connectée à ladite partie d'entrée 30A et une troisième voie connectée à ladite quatrième branche 28, et
  • une seconde vanne à trois voies 32B, présentant une première voie connectée à ladite première branche 22, une seconde voie connectée à ladite partie de sortie 30B, et une troisième voie connectée à ladite quatrième branche 28.
The primary reversal device 32 comprises for example:
  • a first three-way valve 32A, having a first way connected to said first branch 22, a second way connected to said inlet part 30A and a third way connected to said fourth branch 28, and
  • a second three-way valve 32B, having a first way connected to said first branch 22, a second way connected to said outlet part 30B, and a third way connected to said fourth branch 28.

Ainsi, chacune de ces première 32A et seconde 32B vannes à trois voies est propre à autoriser la communication fluidique de la partie d'entrée 30A, respectivement la partie de sortie 30B, avec la première 22 ou la quatrième 28 branche. Ces première 32A et seconde 32B vannes sont commandées de sorte que, lorsque la partie d'entrée 30A est connectée à l'une des première 22 ou quatrième 28 branche, alors la partie de sortie 30B est connectée à l'autre de ces première 22 ou quatrième 28 branche.Thus, each of these first 32A and second 32B three-way valves is suitable for allowing fluid communication of the inlet part 30A, respectively the outlet part 30B, with the first 22 or the fourth 28 branch. These first 32A and second 32B valves are controlled so that when the inlet part 30A is connected to one of the first 22 or fourth 28 branches, then the outlet part 30B is connected to the other of these first 22. or fourth 28 branch.

Avantageusement, de manière connue en soi, la branche de compresseur primaire 30 comporte un accumulateur tampon 34 classique.Advantageously, in a manner known per se, the primary compressor branch 30 comprises a conventional buffer accumulator 34.

Par ailleurs, puisqu'un détendeur ne fonctionne également que dans un unique sens de circulation de fluide frigorigène, le dispositif détendeur primaire 20 présente également une structure réversible.Furthermore, since an expansion valve also operates only in one direction of circulation of refrigerant, the primary expansion device 20 also has a reversible structure.

En particulier, le dispositif détendeur primaire 20 comporte un premier détendeur primaire 34 porté par une première branche de détendeur 36, présentant une entrée connectée à la deuxième branche 24 et une sortie connectée à la troisième branche 26, et un second détendeur primaire 38, porté par une seconde branche de détendeur 40, parallèle à la première branche de détendeur 36, ledit second détendeur primaire 38 présentant une entrée connectée à ladite troisième branche 26 et une sortie connectée à ladite deuxième branche 24.In particular, the primary regulator device 20 comprises a first primary regulator 34 carried by a first regulator branch 36, having an inlet connected to the second branch 24 and an outlet connected to the third branch 26, and a second primary regulator 38, carried by a second regulator branch 40, parallel to the first regulator branch 36, said second primary regulator 38 having an inlet connected to said third branch 26 and an outlet connected to said second branch 24.

Par ailleurs, chaque branche de détendeur 36, 40 comporte avantageusement un clapet anti-retour 42, 44 respectif, agencé en série avec le premier 34 ou second 38 détendeur primaire correspondant, et orienté dans le même sens que ce premier 34 ou second 38 détendeur primaire correspondant.Furthermore, each regulator branch 36, 40 advantageously comprises a respective non-return valve 42, 44, arranged in series with the first 34 or second 38 corresponding primary regulator, and oriented in the same direction as this first 34 or second 38 corresponding primary regulator.

Ainsi, en fonction du sens de circulation du fluide frigorigène imposé par le compresseur 16, ce fluide frigorigène passe par l'une ou l'autre des première 36 et seconde 40 branches de détendeur.Thus, depending on the direction of circulation of the refrigerant imposed by the compressor 16, this refrigerant passes through one or the other of the first 36 and second 40 branches of the expansion valve.

Conformément au mode de réalisation décrit, un réservoir de stockage thermique 46 est connecté au circuit primaire 12, en parallèle dudit premier échangeur de chaleur primaire 14.According to the embodiment described, a thermal storage tank 46 is connected to the primary circuit 12, in parallel with said first primary heat exchanger 14.

Plus particulièrement, le réservoir de stockage thermique 46 comporte une enceinte 48 remplie d'un fluide, notamment un liquide, de stockage thermique, et un premier élément creux 50 d'échange thermique, logé dans l'enceinte 48, et communiquant avec le circuit primaire de pompe à chaleur 12.More particularly, the thermal storage tank 46 comprises an enclosure 48 filled with a fluid, in particular a liquid, for thermal storage, and a first hollow heat exchange element 50, housed in the enclosure 48, and communicating with the circuit heat pump primary 12.

A cet effet, le premier élément creux 50 est connecté d'une part à ladite première branche 22 du circuit primaire 12 par l'intermédiaire d'un premier conduit primaire 52, et d'autre part connecté à ladite deuxième branche 24 du circuit primaire 12 par l'intermédiaire d'un second conduit primaire 54.For this purpose, the first hollow element 50 is connected on the one hand to said first branch 22 of the primary circuit 12 by means of a first primary duct 52, and on the other hand connected to said second branch 24 of the primary circuit. 12 via a second primary duct 54.

Le premier conduit primaire 52 est connecté à la première branche 22 à un premier embranchement primaire 56, et le second conduit primaire 54 est connecté à la deuxième branche 24 à un seconde embranchement primaire 57.The first primary duct 52 is connected to the first branch 22 at a first primary branch 56, and the second primary duct 54 is connected to the second branch 24 at a second primary branch 57.

Afin d'autoriser la circulation de fluide frigorigène vers l'un, l'autre ou les deux parmi le premier échangeur de chaleur primaire 14 et le réservoir de stockage thermique 46, la première branche 22 comporte une première vanne primaire 58, notamment une électrovanne, agencée entre ledit premier embranchement primaire 56 et le premier échangeur primaire 14, et le premier conduit primaire 52 comporte une seconde vanne primaire 60, notamment une électrovanne.In order to allow the circulation of refrigerant to one, the other or both of the first primary heat exchanger 14 and the thermal storage tank 46, the first branch 22 comprises a first primary valve 58, in particular a solenoid valve , arranged between said first primary branch 56 and the first primary exchanger 14, and the first primary duct 52 comprises a second primary valve 60, in particular a solenoid valve.

Le réservoir de stockage thermique 46 est logé dans le compartiment, et il est propre à échanger de la chaleur avec l'air de ce compartiment. Le réservoir de stockage thermique 46 est équipé d'un dispositif de ventilation 62, propre à générer un flux d'air passant par ce réservoir de stockage thermique 46, afin de favoriser l'échange de chaleur entre l'air du compartiment ce réservoir de stockage thermique 46.The thermal storage tank 46 is housed in the compartment, and it is able to exchange heat with the air in this compartment. The thermal storage tank 46 is equipped with a ventilation device 62, suitable for generating an air flow passing through this thermal storage tank 46, in order to promote the exchange of heat between the air in the compartment this storage tank. thermal storage 46.

Le circuit secondaire de pompe à chaleur 12' va maintenant être décrit ci-dessous.The secondary heat pump circuit 12 'will now be described below.

Le circuit secondaire de pompe à chaleur 12' comprend, de manière classique, un premier échangeur secondaire 14' de chaleur avec l'air du compartiment, un compresseur secondaire 16', un second échangeur secondaire 18' de chaleur avec de l'air extérieur, et un dispositif détendeur secondaire 20'. Un fluide frigorigène secondaire circule dans ce circuit secondaire 12'.The secondary heat pump circuit 12 'comprises, conventionally, a first secondary heat exchanger 14' with the air from the compartment, a secondary compressor 16 ', a second secondary heat exchanger 18' with outside air , and a secondary pressure reducing device 20 '. A secondary refrigerant circulates in this secondary circuit 12 '.

Avantageusement, le premier échangeur de chaleur secondaire 14' est équipé d'un premier dispositif de ventilation secondaire 15', propre à générer un flux d'air passant par ce premier échangeur de chaleur secondaire 14'. De même, le second échangeur de chaleur secondaire 18' est équipé d'un second dispositif de ventilation secondaire 19', propre à générer un flux d'air passant par ce second échangeur de chaleur secondaire 18'. Ces dispositifs de ventilation favorisent l'échange de chaleur entre l'air et l'échangeur de chaleur correspondant.Advantageously, the first secondary heat exchanger 14 'is equipped with a first secondary ventilation device 15', capable of generating an air flow passing through this first secondary heat exchanger 14 '. Likewise, the second secondary heat exchanger 18 'is equipped with a second secondary ventilation device 19', capable of generating an air flow passing through this second secondary heat exchanger 18 '. These ventilation devices promote the exchange of heat between the air and the corresponding heat exchanger.

Ce circuit secondaire de pompe à chaleur 12' est avantageusement réversible, c'est-à-dire qu'il peut être utilisé pour augmenter ou pour réduire la température dans le compartiment. En d'autres termes, l'air du compartiment peut former une source chaude ou une source froide de la pompe à chaleur, en fonction de son mode de fonctionnement.This secondary heat pump circuit 12 'is advantageously reversible, that is to say it can be used to increase or to reduce the temperature in the compartment. In other words, the air in the compartment can form a hot source or a cold source of the heat pump, depending on its mode of operation.

Ainsi, la structure du circuit secondaire 12', qui va être décrite ci-dessous, est adaptée pour un tel fonctionnement réversible.Thus, the structure of the secondary circuit 12 ', which will be described below, is suitable for such reversible operation.

En particulier, le circuit secondaire 12' comporte une première branche 22', connectée au premier échangeur de chaleur secondaire 14', une deuxième branche 24' s'étendant entre le premier échangeur de chaleur secondaire 14 et le dispositif détendeur secondaire 20', une troisième branche 26', s'étendant entre le dispositif détendeur secondaire 20' et le second échangeur de chaleur secondaire 18', et une quatrième branche 28' connectée au second échangeur de chaleur secondaire 18'.In particular, the secondary circuit 12 'comprises a first branch 22', connected to the first secondary heat exchanger 14 ', a second branch 24' extending between the first secondary heat exchanger 14 and the secondary expansion device 20 ', a third branch 26 ', extending between the secondary expansion device 20' and the second secondary heat exchanger 18 ', and a fourth branch 28' connected to the second secondary heat exchanger 18 '.

Par ailleurs, le circuit secondaire 12' comporte une branche de compresseur secondaire 30', sur laquelle est agencé le compresseur secondaire 16'. Cette branche de compresseur secondaire 30' s'étend entre une partie d'entrée 30A' et une partie de sortie 30B'. En effet, le fluide frigorigène primaire ne peut circuler que dans un sens dans le compresseur secondaire 16', donc dans un seul sens dans la branche de compresseur secondaire 30'.Furthermore, the secondary circuit 12 'comprises a secondary compressor branch 30', on which the secondary compressor 16 'is arranged. This secondary compressor branch 30 'extends between an inlet part 30A' and an outlet part 30B '. In fact, the primary refrigerant can circulate only in one direction in the secondary compressor 16 ', therefore in only one direction in the secondary compressor branch 30'.

Ainsi, le circuit secondaire 12' comporte un dispositif d'inversion secondaire 32', propre à connecter, alternativement, ladite partie d'entrée 30A' à la première branche 22' et ladite partie de sortie 30B' à la quatrième branche 28', ou ladite partie d'entrée 30A' à la quatrième branche 28' et ladite partie de sortie 30B' à la première branche 22'. Ainsi, en fonction de la connexion effectuée par le dispositif d'inversion secondaire 32', le fluide frigorigène secondaire peut circuler depuis le compresseur secondaire 16' jusqu'au premier échangeur de chaleur secondaire 14' ou depuis le compresseur secondaire 16' jusqu'au second échangeur de chaleur secondaire 18'.Thus, the secondary circuit 12 'comprises a secondary inversion device 32', suitable for connecting, alternately, said input part 30A 'to the first branch 22' and said output part 30B 'to the fourth branch 28', or said inlet portion 30A 'to the fourth branch 28' and said outlet portion 30B 'to the first branch 22'. Thus, depending on the connection made by the secondary reversing device 32 ', the secondary refrigerant can circulate from the secondary compressor 16' to the first secondary heat exchanger 14 'or from the secondary compressor 16' to second secondary heat exchanger 18 '.

Le dispositif d'inversion secondaire 32' comporte par exemple :

  • une première vanne à trois voies 32A', présentant une première voie connectée à ladite première branche 22', une seconde voie connectée à ladite partie d'entrée 30A' et une troisième voie connectée à ladite quatrième branche 28', et
  • une seconde vanne à trois voies 32B', présentant une première voie connectée à ladite première branche 22', une seconde voie connectée à ladite partie de sortie 30B', et une troisième voie connectée à ladite quatrième branche 28'.
The secondary reversing device 32 'comprises for example:
  • a first three-way valve 32A ', having a first way connected to said first branch 22', a second way connected to said inlet part 30A 'and a third way connected to said fourth branch 28', and
  • a second three-way valve 32B ', having a first way connected to said first branch 22', a second way connected to said outlet part 30B ', and a third way connected to said fourth branch 28'.

Ainsi, chacune de ces première 32A' et seconde 32B' vannes à trois voies est propre à autoriser la communication fluidique de la partie d'entrée 30A', respectivement la partie de sortie 30B', avec la première 22' ou la quatrième 28' branche. Ces première 32A' et seconde 32B' vannes sont commandées de sorte que, lorsque la partie d'entrée 30A' est connectée à l'une des première 22' ou quatrième 28' branche, alors la partie de sortie 30B' est connectée à l'autre de ces première 22' ou quatrième 28' branche.Thus, each of these first 32A 'and second 32B' three-way valves is suitable for allowing fluid communication of the inlet part 30A ', respectively the outlet part 30B', with the first 22 'or the fourth 28'. plugged. These first 32A 'and second 32B' valves are controlled so that when the inlet part 30A 'is connected to one of the first 22' or fourth 28 'branch, then the outlet part 30B' is connected to the one. 'other of these first 22' or fourth 28 'branch.

Avantageusement, de manière connue en soi, la branche de compresseur secondaire 30' comporte un accumulateur tampon 34' classique.Advantageously, in a manner known per se, the secondary compressor branch 30 'comprises a conventional buffer accumulator 34'.

Par ailleurs, puisqu'un détendeur ne fonctionne également que dans un unique sens de circulation de fluide frigorigène, le dispositif détendeur secondaire 20' présente également une structure réversible.Furthermore, since an expansion valve also only operates in one direction of circulation of refrigerant, the secondary expansion device 20 ′ also has a reversible structure.

En particulier, le dispositif détendeur secondaire 20' comporte un premier détendeur secondaire 34' porté par une première branche de détendeur 36', présentant une entrée connectée à la deuxième branche 24' et une sortie connectée à la troisième branche 26', et un second détendeur secondaire 38', porté par une seconde branche de détendeur 40', parallèle à la première branche de détendeur 36', ledit second détendeur secondaire 38' présentant une entrée connectée à ladite troisième branche 26' et une sortie connectée à ladite deuxième branche 24'.In particular, the secondary regulator device 20 'comprises a first secondary regulator 34' carried by a first regulator branch 36 ', having an inlet connected to the second branch 24' and an outlet connected to the third branch 26 ', and a second secondary regulator 38 ', carried by a second regulator branch 40', parallel to the first regulator branch 36 ', said second secondary regulator 38' having an inlet connected to said third branch 26 'and an outlet connected to said second branch 24 '.

Par ailleurs, chaque branche de détendeur 36', 40' comporte avantageusement un clapet anti-retour 42', 44' respectif, agencé en série avec le premier 34' ou second 38' détendeur secondaire correspondant, et orienté dans le même sens que ce premier 34' ou second 38' détendeur secondaire correspondant.Furthermore, each regulator branch 36 ', 40' advantageously comprises a respective non-return valve 42 ', 44', arranged in series with the first 34 'or second 38' corresponding secondary regulator, and oriented in the same direction as this first 34 'or second 38' corresponding secondary regulator.

Ainsi, en fonction du sens de circulation du fluide frigorigène imposé par le compresseur secondaire 16', ce fluide frigorigène passe par l'une ou l'autre des première 36' et seconde 40' branches de détendeur.Thus, depending on the direction of circulation of the refrigerant imposed by the secondary compressor 16 ', this refrigerant passes through one or the other of the first 36' and second 40 'of the expansion valve branches.

Conformément au mode de réalisation décrit, le réservoir de stockage thermique 46 est également connecté au circuit secondaire 12', en parallèle dudit premier échangeur de chaleur secondaire 14'.In accordance with the embodiment described, the thermal storage tank 46 is also connected to the secondary circuit 12 ', in parallel with said first secondary heat exchanger 14'.

Plus particulièrement, le réservoir de stockage thermique 46 un second élément creux 64 d'échange thermique, logé dans l'enceinte 48, et communiquant avec le circuit secondaire de pompe à chaleur 12'.More particularly, the thermal storage tank 46 a second hollow heat exchange element 64, housed in the enclosure 48, and communicating with the secondary heat pump circuit 12 '.

A cet effet, le second élément creux 64 est connecté d'une part à ladite première branche 22' du circuit secondaire 12' par l'intermédiaire d'un premier conduit secondaire 52', et d'autre part connecté à ladite deuxième branche 24' du circuit secondaire 12 par l'intermédiaire d'un second conduit secondaire 54'.For this purpose, the second hollow element 64 is connected on the one hand to said first branch 22 'of the secondary circuit 12' by means of a first secondary duct 52 ', and on the other hand connected to said second branch 24 'of the secondary circuit 12 via a second secondary duct 54'.

Le premier conduit secondaire 52' est connecté à la première branche 22' à un premier embranchement secondaire 56', et le second conduit secondaire 54' est connecté à la deuxième branche 24' à un second embranchement secondaire 57'.The first secondary duct 52 'is connected to the first branch 22' at a first secondary branch 56 ', and the second secondary duct 54' is connected to the second branch 24 'at a second secondary branch 57'.

Afin d'autoriser la circulation de fluide frigorigène vers l'un, l'autre ou les deux parmi le premier échangeur de chaleur secondaire 14' et le réservoir de stockage thermique 46, la deuxième branche 24' comporte une première vanne secondaire 58', notamment une électrovanne, agencée entre ledit second embranchement secondaire 57' et le premier échangeur secondaire 14', et le second conduit secondaire 54' comporte une seconde vanne secondaire 60', notamment une électrovanne.In order to allow the circulation of refrigerant to one, the other or both of the first secondary heat exchanger 14 'and the thermal storage tank 46, the second branch 24' comprises a first secondary valve 58 ', in particular a solenoid valve, arranged between said second secondary branch 57 'and the first secondary exchanger 14', and the second secondary duct 54 'comprises a second secondary valve 60', in particular a solenoid valve.

Différents modes de fonctionnement du dispositif de climatisation 10 selon l'invention vont maintenant être décrits.Different modes of operation of the air conditioning device 10 according to the invention will now be described.

Dans un premier temps, on décrira les différentes configurations de fonctionnement de chaque circuit de pompe à chaleur 12, 12'. Plus particulièrement, on décrira les différentes configurations de fonctionnement du circuit primaire 12, les configurations de fonctionnement du circuit secondaire 12 étant identiques.First, the different operating configurations of each heat pump circuit 12, 12 'will be described. More particularly, the various operating configurations of the primary circuit 12 will be described, the operating configurations of the secondary circuit 12 being identical.

Une première configuration de fonctionnement du circuit 12 est une configuration de chauffage du compartiment.A first operating configuration of circuit 12 is a heating configuration of the compartment.

Dans cette configuration de chauffage, le dispositif d'inversion 32 est commandé pour relier la partie d'entrée 30A de la branche de compresseur 30 à la quatrième branche 28 et à la partie de sortie 30B de cette branche de compresseur 30 à la première branche 22.In this heating configuration, the inversion device 32 is controlled to connect the input part 30A of the compressor branch 30 to the fourth branch 28 and to the output part 30B of this compressor branch 30 to the first branch. 22.

Par ailleurs, la première électrovanne 58 est ouverte pour autoriser le passage de fluide frigorigène depuis le compresseur 16 vers le premier échangeur de chaleur 14.Furthermore, the first solenoid valve 58 is open to allow the passage of refrigerant from the compressor 16 to the first heat exchanger 14.

En revanche, la seconde électrovanne 60 est fermée pour interdire la circulation du fluide frigorigène vers le réservoir de stockage de chaleur 46.On the other hand, the second solenoid valve 60 is closed to prevent the circulation of the refrigerant to the heat storage tank 46.

Ainsi, dans cette configuration de chauffage, le circuit 12 fonctionne comme une pompe à chaleur classique. En effet, de manière connue en soi, le fluide frigorigène sort chaud du compresseur 16, puis circule à travers la première branche 22 jusqu'au premier échangeur de chaleur 14, où le fluide frigorigène cède de la chaleur à l'air du compartiment.Thus, in this heating configuration, the circuit 12 operates like a conventional heat pump. Indeed, in a manner known per se, the refrigerant leaves hot from the compressor 16, then circulates through the first branch 22 to the first heat exchanger 14, where the refrigerant transfers heat to the air in the compartment.

Le fluide frigorigène circule ensuite à travers la seconde branche 24, puis à travers la branche de détendeur 36 correspondant à ce sens de circulation, où le fluide frigorigène est encore refroidi lorsque sa pression diminue dans le détendeur 34.The refrigerant then circulates through the second branch 24, then through the expansion valve branch 36 corresponding to this direction of circulation, where the refrigerant is further cooled when its pressure decreases in the expansion valve 34.

Le fluide frigorigène circule ensuite, à travers la troisième branche 26, jusqu'au second échangeur de chaleur 18 pour y prendre de la chaleur à l'air extérieur. Le fluide frigorigène ainsi chauffé circule ensuite dans la quatrième branche 28 jusqu'au compresseur 16, dans lequel il est comprimé de manière à augmenter sa pression, et donc sa température. Le cycle continue alors comme décrit précédemment.The refrigerant then circulates, through the third branch 26, to the second heat exchanger 18 to take heat there from the outside air. The thus heated refrigerant then circulates in the fourth branch 28 to the compressor 16, in which it is compressed so as to increase its pressure, and therefore its temperature. The cycle then continues as described previously.

Une deuxième configuration de fonctionnement du circuit 12 est une configuration de stockage de chaleur dans le réservoir de stockage de chaleur 46.A second operating configuration of circuit 12 is a heat storage configuration in heat storage tank 46.

Dans cette configuration de stockage de chaleur, la première électrovanne 58 du circuit 12 est fermée, et la seconde électrovanne 60 est ouverte. Ainsi, le fluide frigorigène sortant du compresseur 16 circule jusqu'au réservoir de stockage de chaleur 46, où il cède de la chaleur au liquide de stockage de chaleur.In this heat storage configuration, the first solenoid valve 58 of circuit 12 is closed, and the second solenoid valve 60 is open. Thus, the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 circulates to the heat storage tank 46, where it gives up heat to the heat storage liquid.

Le fonctionnement du circuit 12 dans cette configuration de stockage est similaire à celui de la configuration de chauffage décrite précédemment, à l'exception du fait que le fluide frigorigène cède sa chaleur au liquide de stockage de chaleur plutôt qu'à l'air du compartiment.The operation of circuit 12 in this storage configuration is similar to that of the heating configuration described above, except that the refrigerant transfers its heat to the heat storage liquid rather than to the air in the compartment. .

Une troisième configuration de fonctionnement du circuit 12 est une configuration de chauffage et de stockage.A third operating configuration of circuit 12 is a heating and storage configuration.

Dans cette troisième configuration, les première 58 et seconde 60 électrovanne sont ouvertes. Ainsi, le fluide frigorigène sortant du compresseur 16 se sépare en deux flux distincts au premier embranchement 56, pour circuler d'une part jusqu'au réservoir de stockage de chaleur 46 et d'autre part jusqu'au premier échangeur de chaleur 14.In this third configuration, the first 58 and second 60 solenoid valves are open. Thus, the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 separates into two separate flows at the first branch 56, to circulate on the one hand to the heat storage tank 46 and on the other hand to the first heat exchanger 14.

Ainsi, une partie du fluide frigorigène sortant du compresseur 16 circule jusqu'au réservoir de stockage de chaleur 46, où il cède de la chaleur au liquide de stockage de chaleur, et une autre partie du fluide frigorigène sortant du compresseur 16 circule jusqu'au premier échangeur de chaleur 14, où il cède de la chaleur à l'air du compartiment.Thus, part of the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 circulates to the heat storage tank 46, where it transfers heat to the heat storage liquid, and another part of the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 circulates to first heat exchanger 14, where it transfers heat to the air in the compartment.

Dans ce cas, le compartiment est moins chauffé que dans la première configuration de chauffage, et le réservoir est moins chauffé que dans la seconde configuration de stockage de chaleur.In this case, the compartment is heated less than in the first heating configuration, and the tank is heated less than in the second heat storage configuration.

Une quatrième configuration de fonctionnement du circuit 12 est une configuration de refroidissement de l'air du compartiment. En effet, grâce au dispositif d'inversion 32, le circuit de pompe à chaleur 12 est réversible.A fourth operating configuration of circuit 12 is a configuration for cooling the air in the compartment. Indeed, thanks to the inversion device 32, the heat pump circuit 12 is reversible.

Ainsi, dans cette configuration de refroidissement, le dispositif d'inversion 32 est commandé pour que la partie d'entrée 30A de la branche de compresseur 30 soit reliée à la première branche 22 et la partie de sortie 30B de cette branche de compresseur 30 soit reliée à la quatrième branche 28.Thus, in this cooling configuration, the inversion device 32 is controlled so that the inlet part 30A of the compressor branch 30 is connected to the first branch 22 and the outlet part 30B of this compressor branch 30 is connected to the fourth branch 28.

Dans ce cas, le fluide frigorigène sortant du compresseur 16 circule jusqu'au second échangeur de chaleur 18, où il cède de la chaleur à l'air extérieur.In this case, the refrigerant leaving the compressor 16 circulates to the second heat exchanger 18, where it transfers heat to the outside air.

Le fluide frigorigène ainsi refroidi circule ensuite à travers la troisième branche 26, puis à travers la branche de détendeur 40 correspondant à ce sens de fonctionnement, où le fluide frigorigène est encore refroidi lorsque sa pression diminue dans le détendeur 38.The refrigerant thus cooled then circulates through the third branch 26, then through the expansion valve branch 40 corresponding to this direction of operation, where the refrigerant is further cooled when its pressure decreases in the expansion valve 38.

Le fluide frigorigène circule ensuite à travers la seconde branche 24 jusqu'au premier échangeur de chaleur 14, où il prélève de la chaleur à l'air du compartiment.The refrigerant then circulates through the second branch 24 to the first heat exchanger 14, where it takes heat from the air in the compartment.

Le fluide frigorigène circule enfin jusqu'au compresseur 16, où un nouveau cycle peut commencer.The refrigerant finally circulates to the compressor 16, where a new cycle can begin.

Une cinquième configuration de fonctionnement du circuit 12 est une configuration de stockage de froid dans le réservoir de stockage de chaleur 46.A fifth operating configuration of circuit 12 is a cold storage configuration in heat storage tank 46.

Dans cette configuration de stockage de froid, la première électrovanne 58 du circuit 12 est fermée, et la seconde électrovanne 60 est ouverte. Ainsi, le fluide frigorigène sortant du détendeur 38 circule jusqu'au réservoir de stockage de chaleur 46, où il prélève de la chaleur au liquide de stockage de chaleur.In this cold storage configuration, the first solenoid valve 58 of circuit 12 is closed, and the second solenoid valve 60 is open. Thus, the refrigerant leaving the expansion valve 38 circulates to the heat storage tank 46, where it takes heat from the heat storage liquid.

Le fonctionnement du circuit 12 dans cette configuration de stockage de froid est similaire à celui de la configuration de refroidissement décrite précédemment, à l'exception du fait que le fluide frigorigène prélève de la chaleur au liquide de stockage de chaleur plutôt qu'à l'air du compartiment.The operation of circuit 12 in this cold storage configuration is similar to that of the cooling configuration described previously, except that the refrigerant takes heat from the heat storage liquid rather than from the heat storage liquid. compartment air.

Il est à noter que cette cinquième configuration de fonctionnement peut également être utilisée pour le dégivrage du second échangeur de chaleur 18. En effet, la chaleur prélevée au liquide de stockage de chaleur peut être restituée au second échangeur de chaleur 18 pour entraîner la fonte du givre.It should be noted that this fifth operating configuration can also be used for defrosting the second heat exchanger 18. In fact, the heat taken from the heat storage liquid can be returned to the second heat exchanger 18 to cause the melting of the heat exchanger. frosted.

Une sixième configuration de fonctionnement du circuit 12 est une configuration de refroidissement et de stockage de froid.A sixth operating configuration of circuit 12 is a cooling and cold storage configuration.

Dans cette sixième configuration, les première 58 et seconde 60 électrovanne sont ouvertes. Ainsi, le fluide frigorigène sortant du détendeur 38 se sépare en deux flux distincts au second embranchement 57, pour circuler d'une part jusqu'au réservoir de stockage de chaleur 46 et d'autre part jusqu'au premier échangeur de chaleur 14.In this sixth configuration, the first 58 and second 60 solenoid valves are open. Thus, the refrigerant leaving the expansion valve 38 separates into two separate flows at the second branch 57, to circulate on the one hand to the heat storage tank 46 and on the other hand to the first heat exchanger 14.

Ainsi, une partie du fluide frigorigène sortant du détendeur 38 circule jusqu'au réservoir de stockage de chaleur 46, où il prélève de la chaleur du liquide de stockage de chaleur, et une autre partie du fluide frigorigène sortant du détendeur 38 circule jusqu'au premier échangeur de chaleur 14, où il prélève de la chaleur de l'air du compartiment.Thus, a portion of the refrigerant leaving the expansion valve 38 circulates to the heat storage tank 46, where it takes heat from the heat storage liquid, and another portion of the refrigerant leaving the expansion valve 38 circulates to first heat exchanger 14, where it takes heat from the air in the compartment.

Dans ce cas, le compartiment est moins refroidi que dans la quatrième configuration de refroidissement, et le réservoir est moins refroidit que dans la cinquième configuration de stockage de froid.In this case, the compartment is cooled less than in the fourth cooling configuration, and the tank is cooled less than in the fifth cold storage configuration.

Différentes combinaisons des configurations de fonctionnement des circuits primaire 12 et secondaire 12' peuvent être envisagées pour définir différents modes de fonctionnement du dispositif de climatisation 10.Different combinations of the operating configurations of the primary 12 and secondary 12 'circuits can be envisaged in order to define different operating modes of the air conditioning device 10.

Un premier mode de fonctionnement du dispositif de climatisation 10 est utilisé en cas de grand froid, lorsque la demande en chauffage dans le compartiment est importante.A first mode of operation of the air conditioning device 10 is used in the event of extreme cold, when the demand for heating in the compartment is high.

Dans ce premier mode de fonctionnement, les circuits primaire 12 et secondaire 12' sont tous deux dans leur première configuration de chauffage du compartiment. Les deux circuits de pompe à chaleur 12 et 12' fonctionnent ainsi en parallèle, permettant alors un chauffage plus efficace qu'un unique circuit de pompe à chaleur.In this first operating mode, the primary 12 and secondary 12 'circuits are both in their first compartment heating configuration. The two heat pump circuits 12 and 12 'thus operate in parallel, thus allowing more efficient heating than a single heat pump circuit.

Un deuxième mode de fonctionnement du dispositif de climatisation est utilisé lorsque la demande en chauffage dans le compartiment est modérée.A second operating mode of the air conditioning system is used when the demand for heating in the compartment is moderate.

Dans ce deuxième mode de fonctionnement, un seul des deux circuits de pompe à chaleur primaire 12 ou secondaire 12' est en configuration de chauffage du compartiment, et l'autre circuit est désactivé, notamment par la fermeture de son compresseur.In this second operating mode, only one of the two primary 12 or secondary 12 'heat pump circuits is in the compartment heating configuration, and the other circuit is deactivated, in particular by closing its compressor.

Dans un troisième mode de fonctionnement, un seul des circuits 12, 12' fonctionne en configuration de chauffage du compartiment, comme dans le deuxième mode de fonctionnement, et l'autre circuit fonctionne en deuxième configuration de stockage de chaleur.In a third operating mode, only one of the circuits 12, 12 'operates in the compartment heating configuration, as in the second operating mode, and the other circuit operates in the second heat storage configuration.

Ce troisième mode de fonctionnement est préféré au deuxième mode de fonctionnement, lorsque la demande en chaleur dans le compartiment est la même, mais que l'on souhaite stocker de la chaleur dans le réservoir 46.This third operating mode is preferred to the second operating mode, when the heat demand in the compartment is the same, but it is desired to store heat in the tank 46.

En variante, dans un quatrième mode de fonctionnement, un seul des circuits 12, 12' fonctionne en configuration de chauffage du compartiment, comme dans le troisième mode de fonctionnement, et l'autre circuit fonctionne en troisième configuration de chauffage et de stockage.As a variant, in a fourth operating mode, only one of the circuits 12, 12 'operates in the compartment heating configuration, as in the third operating mode, and the other circuit operates in the third heating and storage configuration.

Dans ce cas, le compartiment est chauffé davantage que dans le troisième mode de fonctionnement, mais le liquide de stockage de chaleur est moins chauffé que dans ce troisième mode de fonctionnement.In this case, the compartment is heated more than in the third operating mode, but the heat storage liquid is heated less than in this third operating mode.

Un cinquième mode de fonctionnement est utilisé lorsque la demande en chaleur dans le compartiment est encore moindre.A fifth operating mode is used when the heat demand in the compartment is even lower.

Dans ce cinquième mode de fonctionnement, un seul des deux circuits de pompe à chaleur primaire 12 ou secondaire 12' est en troisième configuration de chauffage et de stockage, et l'autre circuit est désactivé, notamment par la fermeture de son compresseur.In this fifth operating mode, only one of the two primary 12 or secondary 12 'heat pump circuits is in the third heating and storage configuration, and the other circuit is deactivated, in particular by closing its compressor.

Dans un sixième mode de fonctionnement, les deux circuits 12, 12' de pompe à chaleur sont désactivés, le compartiment étant alors chauffé uniquement par le réservoir de stockage de chaleur 46.In a sixth operating mode, the two heat pump circuits 12, 12 'are deactivated, the compartment then being heated only by the heat storage tank 46.

Dans ce cas, le dispositif de ventilation 62 correspondant est activé pour que le liquide de stockage de chaleur cède sa chaleur à l'air du compartiment.In this case, the corresponding ventilation device 62 is activated so that the heat storage liquid transfers its heat to the air in the compartment.

Ce sixième mode de fonctionnement n'est utilisable que lorsque le liquide de stockage de chaleur a été préalablement chauffé, par exemple par l'un des troisième à cinquième modes de fonctionnement décrits précédemment.This sixth operating mode can only be used when the heat storage liquid has been heated beforehand, for example by one of the third to fifth operating modes described above.

Dans un septième mode de fonctionnement, la chaleur stockée dans le réservoir 46 est délivrée en parallèle du chauffage du compartiment par l'un, l'autre ou les deux circuits de pompe à chaleur.In a seventh operating mode, the heat stored in the tank 46 is delivered in parallel with the heating of the compartment by one, the other or both heat pump circuits.

Un huitième mode de fonctionnement correspond au dégivrage de l'un des seconds échangeurs extérieurs 18, 18', et cela sans que de la chaleur ne soit prélevée depuis l'air du compartiment.An eighth operating mode corresponds to the defrosting of one of the second outdoor exchangers 18, 18 ', and this without heat being taken from the air in the compartment.

Dans ce huitième mode de fonctionnement, le circuit 12, 12' dont le second échangeur de chaleur 18, 18' nécessite un dégivrage fonctionne dans la cinquième configuration de stockage de froid. En d'autres termes, le fluide frigorigène prélève de la chaleur dans le réservoir de stockage 46, plutôt que depuis l'air du compartiment, et restitue cette chaleur audit second échangeur de chaleur 18, 18', ce qui permet d'effectuer son dégivrage.In this eighth operating mode, the circuit 12, 12 ', the second heat exchanger 18, 18' of which requires defrosting, operates in the fifth cold storage configuration. In other words, the refrigerant takes heat from the storage tank 46, rather than from the air in the compartment, and returns this heat to said second heat exchanger 18, 18 ', which makes it possible to perform its defrost.

Dans le même temps, l'autre circuit de pompe à chaleur 12, 12' fonctionne en première configuration de chauffage du compartiment, comme décrit précédemment. Ainsi, le confort thermique dans le compartiment est identique à celui qui serait obtenu avec un dispositif de climatisation classique ne comportant qu'un circuit de pompe à chaleur en configuration de chauffage.At the same time, the other heat pump circuit 12, 12 'operates in the first heating configuration of the compartment, as described previously. Thus, the thermal comfort in the compartment is identical to that which would be obtained with a conventional air conditioning device comprising only one heat pump circuit in the heating configuration.

Il est à noter que, lors du dégivrage, les dispositifs de ventilation 15, 19 du premier 14 et du second 18 échangeurs de chaleur sont désactivés. En effet, il n'est pas souhaitable de ventiler dans le compartiment lors du dégivrage, afin d'éviter une réduction de la sensation de chaleur ressentie par les occupants du compartiment. En outre, il n'est pas souhaitable de ventiler à l'extérieur, afin d'éviter une dissipation de la chaleur fournie au second échangeur de chaleur, et d'assurer que cette chaleur ne serve qu'au dégivrage.It should be noted that, during defrosting, the ventilation devices 15, 19 of the first 14 and of the second 18 heat exchangers are deactivated. In fact, it is not desirable to ventilate in the compartment during defrosting, in order to avoid a reduction in the sensation of heat felt by the occupants of the compartment. In addition, it is not desirable to ventilate to the outside, in order to avoid dissipation of the heat supplied to the second heat exchanger, and ensure that this heat is only used for defrosting.

En variante, dans un neuvième mode de fonctionnement, afin d'accélérer le dégivrage, ledit autre circuit de pompe à chaleur 12, 12' peut fonctionner en deuxième configuration de stockage de chaleur ou en troisième configuration de chauffage et de stockage, en fonction que l'on privilégie le chauffage du compartiment ou l'efficacité du dégivrage.As a variant, in a ninth operating mode, in order to accelerate the defrosting, said other heat pump circuit 12, 12 'can operate in a second heat storage configuration or in a third heating and storage configuration, depending on whether priority is given to heating the compartment or to the efficiency of the defrost.

Ainsi, on assure le chauffage du liquide de stockage de chaleur, et on améliore ainsi l'efficacité du circuit de pompe à chaleur prélevant de la chaleur à ce liquide de stockage pour le dégivrage de son second échangeur de chaleur 18, 18'.Thus, the heating of the heat storage liquid is ensured, and the efficiency of the heat pump circuit drawing heat from this storage liquid for the defrosting of its second heat exchanger 18, 18 'is thus improved.

Le dispositif de climatisation 10 permet également le refroidissement de l'air du compartiment. En effet, grâce au dispositif d'inversion 32, chaque circuit de pompe à chaleur est réversible.The air conditioning device 10 also allows the air in the compartment to be cooled. Indeed, thanks to the inversion device 32, each heat pump circuit is reversible.

Ainsi, dans un dixième mode de fonctionnement, lorsque la demande en refroidissement du compartiment est élevée, les deux circuits de pompe à chaleur 12, 12' peuvent fonctionner tous deux en configuration de refroidissement du compartiment.Thus, in a tenth operating mode, when the compartment cooling demand is high, the two heat pump circuits 12, 12 'can both operate in the compartment cooling configuration.

En variante, dans un onzième mode de fonctionnement, un seul de ces circuits 12, 12' fonctionne en configuration de refroidissement du compartiment, pendant que l'autre fonctionne en configuration de stockage de froid.As a variant, in an eleventh operating mode, only one of these circuits 12, 12 'operates in the compartment cooling configuration, while the other operates in the cold storage configuration.

En variante, dans un douzième mode de fonctionnement, un seul des circuits 12, 12' fonctionne en configuration de refroidissement du compartiment, pendant que l'autre fonctionne en sixième configuration de refroidissement et de stockage de froid.As a variant, in a twelfth operating mode, only one of the circuits 12, 12 'operates in the compartment cooling configuration, while the other operates in the sixth cooling and cold storage configuration.

Dans un treizième mode de fonctionnement, seul l'un des circuits 12, 12' est en sixième configuration de refroidissement et de stockage de froid, alors que l'autre circuit est désactivé.In a thirteenth operating mode, only one of the circuits 12, 12 'is in the sixth cooling and cold storage configuration, while the other circuit is deactivated.

Dans un quatorzième mode de fonctionnement, l'un, l'autre ou les deux circuits de pompe à chaleur 12, 12' fonctionne en configuration de refroidissement de l'air du compartiment, et le dispositif de ventilation du réservoir de stockage 46 est activé pour que le liquide de stockage prélève également de la chaleur depuis l'air du compartiment. Ce mode de fonctionnement n'est utilisable que lorsque le liquide de stockage de chaleur a été préalablement refroidi, notamment par l'un des onzième à treizième modes de fonctionnement décrits précédemment.In a fourteenth operating mode, one or the other or both heat pump circuits 12, 12 'operates in the compartment air cooling configuration, and the storage tank ventilation device 46 is activated. so that the storage liquid also draws heat from the air in the compartment. This operating mode can only be used when the heat storage liquid has been cooled beforehand, in particular by one of the eleventh to thirteenth operating modes described above.

En variante, dans un quinzième mode de fonctionnement, les deux circuits 12, 12' sont désactivés, par exemple pour des raisons d'économie d'énergie, et seul le dispositif de ventilation du réservoir 46 est activé, pour que le liquide de stockage prélève de la chaleur à l'air du compartiment. Ce mode de fonctionnement n'est utilisable que lorsque le liquide de stockage de chaleur a été préalablement refroidi, notamment par l'un des onzième à treizième modes de fonctionnement décrits précédemment.As a variant, in a fifteenth operating mode, the two circuits 12, 12 'are deactivated, for example for reasons of energy saving, and only the ventilation device of the reservoir 46 is activated, so that the storage liquid draws heat from the air in the compartment. This operating mode can only be used when the heat storage liquid has been cooled beforehand, in particular by one of the eleventh to thirteenth operating modes described above.

Dans un seizième mode de fonctionnement, les dispositifs de ventilation 15, 15' liés aux premiers échangeurs de chaleur 14, 14' sont activés alors que les deux circuits de pompe à chaleur 12, 12' sont désactivés, afin d'assurer une fonction de ventilation dans le compartiment. Une telle fonction de ventilation peut être utilisée seule, ou en combinaison avec l'activation du dispositif de ventilation du réservoir 46 comme dans le quinzième mode de fonctionnement décrit précédemment.In a sixteenth operating mode, the ventilation devices 15, 15 'linked to the first heat exchangers 14, 14' are activated while the two heat pump circuits 12, 12 'are deactivated, in order to provide a cooling function. ventilation in the compartment. Such a ventilation function can be used alone, or in combination with the activation of the ventilation device of the reservoir 46 as in the fifteenth operating mode described above.

On notera que l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et pourrait présenter diverses variantes sans sortir du cadre des revendications.It will be noted that the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and could have various variants without departing from the scope of the claims.

En particulier, le dispositif de climatisation 10 pourrait comporter plus de deux circuits de pompe à chaleur, tous reliés au même réservoir de stockage 46.In particular, the air conditioning device 10 could include more than two heat pump circuits, all connected to the same storage tank 46.

Par ailleurs, d'autres modes de fonctionnement pourraient être imaginés, notamment lorsque le dispositif de climatisation 10 comporte plus de deux circuits de pompe à chaleur.Moreover, other operating modes could be imagined, in particular when the air conditioning device 10 comprises more than two heat pump circuits.

Claims (11)

  1. An air conditioning device (10) for a compartment, in particular for a railroad vehicle, of the type comprising:
    - a primary heat pump circuit (12), comprising at least one primary heat exchanger (14) with the air from the compartment, a primary compressor (16), a second primary heat exchanger (18) with the outside air, and a primary expander device (20), and
    - a heat storage reservoir (46), connected to the primary circuit (12), in parallel with said primary heat exchanger (14) with the air from the compartment,
    And in which:
    - the air conditioning device (10) comprises a secondary heat pump circuit (12'), comprising a first secondary heat exchanger (14') with the air from the compartment, a secondary compressor (16'), a second secondary heat exchanger (18') with the air from the outside, and a secondary expander device (20'),
    - the heat storage reservoir (46) is connected to the secondary circuit (12'), in parallel with said first secondary heat exchanger (14') with the air from the compartment,
    characterized in that said heat storage reservoir (46) is able to exchange heat with the air in the compartment, the heat storage reservoir (46) being equipped with a ventilation device (62) generating a flow of air passing through the storage reservoir (46).
  2. The air conditioning device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage reservoir (46) comprises:
    - an enclosure (48) filled with a heat storage fluid,
    - a first hollow heat exchange element (50), housed in the enclosure (48), and communicating with the primary heat pump circuit (12), and
    - a second hollow heat exchange element (64), housed in the enclosure (48), and communicating with the secondary heat pump circuit (12').
  3. The air conditioning device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the primary (12) and secondary (12') heat pump circuits comprises:
    - a first branch (22, 22'), connected to the first heat exchanger (14, 14'),
    - a second branch (24, 24'), extending between the first heat exchanger (14, 14') and the expander device (20, 20'),
    - a third branch (26, 26'), extending between the expander device (20, 20') and the second heat exchanger (18, 18'),
    - a fourth branch (28, 28'), connected to the second heat exchanger (18, 18'),
    - a compressor branch (30, 30'), on which the compressor (16, 16') is arranged, and extending between an inlet part (30A, 30A') and an outlet part (30B, 30B'),
    - an inversion device (32, 32'), able to alternate between connecting said inlet portion (30A, 30A') to the first branch (22, 22') and said outlet portion (30B, 30B') to the fourth branch (28, 28'), or said inlet part (30A, 30A') to the fourth branch (28, 28') and said outlet part (30B, 30B') to the first branch (22, 22').
  4. The air conditioning device (10) according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the inversion devices (32, 32') comprises:
    - a first three-way valve (32A, 32A'), having a first path connected to said first branch (22, 22'), a second path connected to said inlet part (30A, 30A'), and a third path connected to said fourth branch (28, 28'), and
    - a second three-way valve (32B, 32B'), having a first path connected to said first branch (22, 22'), a second path connected to said outlet part (30B, 30B'), and a third path connected to said fourth branch (28, 28').
  5. The air conditioning device (10) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein at least one of the primary (20) or secondary (20') expander devices comprises a first (34, 34') and a second (38, 38') expander, each supported by a first (36, 36') and second (40, 40') respective expander branch, such that:
    - the first expander (34, 34') has an inlet connected to said second branch (24, 24'), and an outlet connected to said third branch (26, 26'),
    - the second expander (38, 38') has an inlet connected to said third branch (26, 26'), and an outlet connected to said second branch (24, 24'), and
    - each expander branch (36, 40, 36', 40') advantageously comprises a respective check valve (42, 44, 42', 44'), arranged in series with the first (34, 34') or second (38, 38') corresponding secondary expander, and oriented in the same direction as that first (34, 34') or second (38, 38') corresponding secondary expander.
  6. The air conditioning device (10) according to claim 2, combined with any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein:
    - the first hollow heat exchange element (50) is connected on the one hand to said first branch (22) of the primary heat pump circuit (12) by means of a first primary conduit (52), and on the other hand to said second branch (24) of the primary heat pump circuit (12) by means of the second primary conduit (54), and
    - the second hollow heat exchange element (64) is connected on the one hand to said first branch (22') of the secondary heat pump circuit (12') by means of a first secondary conduit (52'), and on the other hand said second branch (24') of the secondary heat pump circuit (12') by means of a second secondary conduit (54').
  7. The air conditioning device (10) according to claim 6, wherein:
    - the first primary conduit (52) is connected to the first branch (22) of the primary circuit (12) at a first primary branching (56),
    - the second primary conduit (54) is connected to the second branch (24) of the primary circuit (12) at a second primary branching (57),
    - the first (22) or second (24) branch of the primary circuit (12) comprises a first primary valve (58) arranged between said first (56) or second (57) primary branching and the first primary exchanger (14), and
    - the first (52) or second (54) primary conduit comprises a second primary valve (60).
  8. The air conditioning device (10) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein:
    - the first secondary conduit (52') is connected to the first branch (22') of the secondary circuit (12') at a first secondary branching (56'),
    - the second secondary conduit (54') is connected to the second branch (24') of the secondary circuit (12') at a second secondary branching (57'),
    - the first (22') or second (24') branch of the secondary circuit (12') comprises a first secondary valve (58') arranged between said first (56') or second (57') secondary branching and the first secondary exchanger (14'), and
    - the first (52') or second (54') secondary conduit comprises a second secondary valve (60').
  9. The air conditioning device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the first (14, 14') or second (18, 18') primary or secondary heat exchangers is equipped with a ventilation device (15, 19, 15', 19') able to generate a flow of air passing through that first (14, 14') or second (18, 18') primary or secondary heat exchanger.
  10. A method for defrosting the second heat exchanger (18, 18') of the primary (12) or secondary (12') heat pump circuit of an air conditioning device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in which:
    - the primary (12) or secondary (12') circuit, comprising the second heat exchanger (18, 18') to be defrosted, operates in a cold storage configuration, in which a refrigerant circulating in that circuit withdraws heat from the storage reservoir (46) and gives that heat back to the second heat exchanger (18, 18') to be defrosted,
    - the other circuit (12, 12') operates in a heating configuration of the compartment, in which a refrigerant circulating in that circuit withdraws heat from the second heat exchanger (18, 18') of that circuit and gives that heat back to the first heat exchanger (14, 14') of that circuit.
  11. The defrosting method according to claim 10, wherein said other circuit operates in a configuration for heating the compartment and storing heat in the storage reservoir (46), in which a refrigerant circulated in that circuit withdraws heat from the second heat exchanger (18, 18') of that circuit and gives the heat back on the one hand to the first heat exchanger (14, 14') of that circuit, and on the other hand to the storage reservoir (46).
EP15150505.4A 2014-01-08 2015-01-08 Air-conditioning device for a compartment, in particular for a railway vehicle, and method for defrosting the device Active EP2894419B1 (en)

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FR1450117A FR3016206B1 (en) 2014-01-08 2014-01-08 DEVICE FOR AIR CONDITIONING A COMPARTMENT, IN PARTICULAR FOR A RAILWAY VEHICLE

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PL2894419T3 (en) 2021-08-02
US9994238B2 (en) 2018-06-12
FR3016206B1 (en) 2016-02-05
FR3016206A1 (en) 2015-07-10
CA2876724C (en) 2022-05-31
CA2876724A1 (en) 2015-07-08
US20150191182A1 (en) 2015-07-09

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