EP2878377B1 - Device and method for purifying gases - Google Patents

Device and method for purifying gases Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2878377B1
EP2878377B1 EP14194925.5A EP14194925A EP2878377B1 EP 2878377 B1 EP2878377 B1 EP 2878377B1 EP 14194925 A EP14194925 A EP 14194925A EP 2878377 B1 EP2878377 B1 EP 2878377B1
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Prior art keywords
filter
gas
filter material
electrode
flow space
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EP14194925.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2878377A1 (en
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Jochen Deichmann
Lutz Deichmann
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/14—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
    • B03C3/155—Filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/60—Use of special materials other than liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
    • B03C3/80—Cleaning the electrodes by gas or solid particle blasting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for purifying gases with a filter container, in which a flow space is formed for the gas to be cleaned, at least one arranged in the flow space and a discharge electrode arranged in the flow space deposition electrode, wherein by applying a voltage between the discharge electrode and the deposition electrode particles of the gas to be purified can be deposited on the deposition electrode, and a method therefor.
  • the EP 0 299 197 A2 discloses an electrostatic filter for purifying gases in which particles are electrically charged and attracted by electrodes.
  • the electrodes may have a porous structure and be made of a metal wool braid.
  • a similar filter for the purification of combustion gases is in the EP 1 669 562 A1 shown.
  • EP 2 614 894 A1 discloses an electrostatic wet filter in which a plurality of vertically suspended tubular electrodes are arranged suspended. In the tubular electrodes discharge electrodes are provided along its vertical axis. The tubular electrodes are wetted with water.
  • the deposition electrode is formed as a flow-through conductive filter material for the mechanical filtering of particles. This ensures that the gas to be purified flows through the filter material which can be flowed through, and thus the distance between the particles and the separation electrode is extremely small, so that the cleaning performance is increased.
  • the combination of a mechanical filtering and filtering according to the principle of the electrostatic filter can thus improve the filtering. For cleaning only the through-flowable filter material of the separation electrode must be cleaned.
  • the separation electrodes made of conductive materials are flowed through by the gas to be purified in the novel electrostatic precipitators and in particular cleaned by means of pneumatic backwashing.
  • the deposition electrodes or filter elements can consist of multilayer fabrics, nonwovens, porous materials or fillings.
  • the deposition electrodes or filter elements are made of stainless steels
  • the deposition electrode has a conductive filter fabric and / or a conductive filter fleece, and other porous / effetström bare conductive materials made from granules or chips are conceivable
  • the deposition / filter elements can be made of metal, especially stainless steel.
  • the deposition electrode can also be used at high temperatures, in particular for the purification of combustion gases.
  • the filter material may be made of fibers, granules or chips, which have a thickness of less than 2mm or 0.5 mm, in particular less than 0.3 mm.
  • Such fibers, wires, granules or chips can be processed into a filter material whose mesh size or pore size is less than 2 mm, in particular less than 0.6 mm, for example less than 0.3 mm, so that even smaller particles are already mechanically filtered.
  • the filter material may comprise a plurality of layers with a conductive filter fabric and / or a conductive filter fleece.
  • the layers may have different or equal permeability to gases. The permeability can be reduced from the outside to the inside.
  • the layers may for example consist of wire mesh with the same or different mesh size.
  • the filter material preferably has a thickness of more than 2 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 30 mm.
  • the filter material may be formed tubular, bag-shaped or hood-shaped.
  • the filter material of the deposition electrode can be held on dimensionally stable support bodies, such as baskets, in order to assume a defined position within the flow space.
  • dimensionally stable support bodies such as baskets.
  • the production of self-supporting filter elements is conceivable, for example, a self-rigid wire mesh. As a result, both the function of the electrostatic precipitator and the cleaning can be optimized.
  • a blowing in of a cleaning gas is used in countercurrent operation.
  • the flow space is traversed in the region of the filter material by the gas to be cleaned in a first direction, wherein the filter material can be flowed through by a cleaning gas against this flow direction in a second direction, so that detached and collected on the filter material deposited particles in a pneumatic cleaning can be.
  • Such a pneumatic cleaning can be done at regular intervals, with an automatic cleaning is possible.
  • Such cleaning can be carried out simultaneously for all hose, bag or hood-shaped filter elements in the flow space or even for individual subgroups of filter elements.
  • the tubular, pocket or hood-shaped filter elements can be kept vertically suspended or horizontally lying or cantilevered or even arranged at an angle between vertically and horizontally in the flow space.
  • the filter elements are arranged at an angle between 15 ° and 45 °, in particular about 30 ° deflected from the vertical.
  • the flow through the raw gas is designed so that a falling flow is realized in the filter housing (down flow principle).
  • a plurality of spray electrodes in the form of spray wires arranged.
  • the spray electrodes can be stretched between insulators in the flow space and provided at a defined distance, for example between 3 cm and 30 cm, spaced from the deposition electrodes.
  • the spray electrodes may be aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the filter elements or at an angle thereto, in particular also at right angles.
  • the device according to the invention for purifying gases is particularly suitable for the purification of hot gases, especially combustion gases, especially when the filter material is made of a filter fabric or a filter fabric of metal.
  • the gases may have a temperature greater than 100 ° C, in particular greater than 200 ° C, if necessary, but also temperatures of over 300 or above 400 ° C. Also, the use at ambient temperature is possible.
  • a device 1 for purifying gases comprises a filter container 2, on which an inlet 3 for a gas to be cleaned is formed.
  • a flow space 4 is formed, in which a plurality of discharge electrodes 20 and deposition electrodes 5 is arranged.
  • the deposition electrodes 5 are formed as a filter material through which flow is possible, in particular of a filter fabric and / or a filter fabric, granules or chips made of an electrically conductive material.
  • metallic materials are used for the filter material, for example stainless steel.
  • the filter material can be made of fibers, wires, granules or chips, which have a thickness of 0.1 to 2 mm, in particular between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm.
  • the thickness of the filter material is preferably in a range between 2 mm and 30 mm, wherein the filter material can be arranged in one or more layers, in particular also 2 to 15 layers of filter material can be used. If a grid-shaped filter material, for example a filter fabric, is used, the mesh size can be in a range between 0.2 mm and 10 mm, in particular 1 mm to 5 mm.
  • the deposition electrodes 5 made of the filter material are tubular, pocket-shaped or hood-shaped and are flowed through from outside to inside by the gas to be cleaned.
  • the deposition electrodes 5 are formed closed on its underside, while they are mounted on its upper side to an intermediate wall 7 in the filter container 2 to a tubular holder 8 hanging.
  • the tubular separating electrodes 5 are thus flowed through from outside to inside, with the purified gas flowing through the tubular holders 8 to an outlet 6 on the filter container 2.
  • a plurality of spray electrodes 20 in the form of spray wires are provided, which are respectively stretched between the insulator 21 and the insulator 22 and spaced from the deposition electrodes 5, for example at a distance of between 1 cm and 30 cm, in particular 3 cm to 10 cm.
  • the insulator 21 may be fixed to the intermediate wall 7 via a holder 24, while the insulator 22 is fixed to a holder 23 fixed to the filter container 2.
  • the separation electrodes 5 are held with the filter material to dimensionally stable support bodies, for example on baskets on which the filter material is fixed. As a result, movements relative to the spray electrodes 20 are largely avoided.
  • a cleaning tube 9 is provided above the tubular holder 8, are provided in the nozzle 10, whose opening is directed to the tubular holders 8.
  • a cleaning gas thus be blown into the individual tubular -, pocket or hood-shaped deposition electrodes 5, wherein the cleaning gas is blown against the flow direction of the gas to be cleaned by the filter material.
  • the deposited particles are collected at the deposition electrodes 5 at a hopper 11 at the bottom of the filter container 2 and disposed of via a rotary valve 12 or other means.
  • the cleaning gas is fed into the cleaning pipe 9 by a pressure vessel 13, which can be charged via a compressor 14.
  • a cleaning gas for example, air can be used, wherein a controller 15 is provided is to repeat the cleaning process at certain intervals.
  • pressure measurements can be made via lines 16 and 17 to determine the pressure in the filter tank 2 on the clean gas side and the raw gas side and thereby detect a possible degree of clogging.
  • Other parameters can be used for the controller 15 for cleaning.
  • particles adhering to the precipitation electrode 5 can be blown away counter to the direction of flow so that they are collected in the funnel 11.
  • the pressure and the volume of the blown cleaning gas can be selected depending on the size of the separator electrodes 5 and the filter container 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a horizontal section through the filter container 2 is shown having on one side of the inlet 3 with the gas to be cleaned.
  • a plurality of tubular, pocket or hood-shaped deposition electrodes 5 are arranged hanging from filter material, which are surrounded by a plurality of spray electrodes 20 in the form of spray wires.
  • a voltage source 25 is arranged, which is connected via a line 26 to the individual spray electrodes 2 and with a line 27 to the deposition electrodes 5, which is shown only schematically.
  • an electrical potential is formed between the spray electrodes 20 and the deposition electrodes 5, which may be in a range between 6 kV and 80 kV, for example, in order to be able to achieve a high degree of separation of electrically charged particles.
  • the device 1 according to the invention is particularly suitable for the purification of hot gases, especially combustion gases, which may have temperatures between 250 ° C and over 500 ° C, for example in biomass incinerators, Syntesegasreaktoren or internal combustion engines, for example marine or large diesel engines. Other applications in the field of gas cleaning are possible.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Gasen mit einem Filterbehälter, in dem ein Strömungsraum für das zu reinigende Gas ausgebildet ist, mindestens einer in dem Strömungsraum angeordneten Sprühelektrode und mindestens einer in dem Strömungsraum angeordneten Abscheideelektrode, wobei durch Anlegen einer Spannung zwischen der Sprühelektrode und der Abscheideelektrode Partikel des zu reinigenden Gases an der Abscheideelektrode abscheidbar sind, und ein Verfahren hierfür.The present invention relates to a device for purifying gases with a filter container, in which a flow space is formed for the gas to be cleaned, at least one arranged in the flow space and a discharge electrode arranged in the flow space deposition electrode, wherein by applying a voltage between the discharge electrode and the deposition electrode particles of the gas to be purified can be deposited on the deposition electrode, and a method therefor.

Es sind Elektrofilter bekannt ( US 2009/0151568 A1 ), bei denen in einem elektrischen Feld eine negative Sprühelektrode und eine Abscheideelektrode vorgesehen sind. Durch Anlegen einer hohen Spannung werden Partikel geladen und an der Abscheideelektrode abgeschieden. Bei solchen Elektrofiltern besteht das Problem, dass einerseits der Abscheidegrad begrenzt ist und andererseits die Abscheideelektrode verschmutzt und dadurch die Filterleistung beeinträchtigt wird. Eine mechanische Abreinigung ist meist mit erheblichem Aufwand verbunden und ist nicht in jedem Fall möglich.There are known electrostatic precipitators ( US 2009/0151568 A1 ), in which in an electric field, a negative discharge electrode and a deposition electrode are provided. By applying a high voltage, particles are charged and deposited on the deposition electrode. In such electrostatic precipitators, there is the problem that, on the one hand, the degree of separation is limited and, on the other hand, the separating electrode is contaminated and, as a result, the filter performance is impaired. A mechanical cleaning is usually associated with considerable effort and is not possible in every case.

Die EP 0 299 197 A2 offenbart einen elektrostatischen Filter zum Reinigen von Gasen, bei dem Partikel elektrisch geladen und von Elektroden angezogen werden. Die Elektroden können dabei eine poröse Struktur aufweisen und auch aus einem Metallwollgeflecht hergestellt sein. Ein ähnlicher Filter für die Reinigung von Verbrennungsgasen ist in der EP 1 669 562 A1 gezeigt.The EP 0 299 197 A2 discloses an electrostatic filter for purifying gases in which particles are electrically charged and attracted by electrodes. The electrodes may have a porous structure and be made of a metal wool braid. A similar filter for the purification of combustion gases is in the EP 1 669 562 A1 shown.

In der EP 2 614 894 A1 ist ein elektrostatischer Nassfilter offenbart, bei dem mehrere vertikal hängende rohrförmige Elektroden hängend angeordnet sind. In den rohrförmigen Elektroden sind entlang ihrer vertikalen Achse Entladeelektroden vorgesehen. Die rohrförmigen Elektroden werden mit Wasser benetzt.In the EP 2 614 894 A1 discloses an electrostatic wet filter in which a plurality of vertically suspended tubular electrodes are arranged suspended. In the tubular electrodes discharge electrodes are provided along its vertical axis. The tubular electrodes are wetted with water.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Reinigen von Gasen zu schaffen, die eine hohe Filterleistung besitzt und leicht zu reinigen ist.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for purifying gases, which has a high filter performance and is easy to clean.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 und einem Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 17 gelöst.This object is achieved with a device having the features of claim 1 and a method with the features of claim 17.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Abscheideelektrode als durchströmbares leitfähiges Filtermaterial zur mechanischen Filterung von Partikeln ausgebildet. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, dass das zu reinigende Gas durch das durchströmbare Filtermaterial strömt und somit der Abstand zwischen den Partikeln und der Abscheideelektrode äußerst gering ist, so dass die Reinigungsleistung gesteigert wird. Durch die Kombination einer mechanischen Filterung und einer Filterung nach dem Prinzip des Elektrofilters kann somit die Filterung verbessert werden. Zur Abreinigung muss nur das durchströmbare Filtermaterial der Abscheideelektrode gereinigt werden.According to the invention, the deposition electrode is formed as a flow-through conductive filter material for the mechanical filtering of particles. This ensures that the gas to be purified flows through the filter material which can be flowed through, and thus the distance between the particles and the separation electrode is extremely small, so that the cleaning performance is increased. The combination of a mechanical filtering and filtering according to the principle of the electrostatic filter can thus improve the filtering. For cleaning only the through-flowable filter material of the separation electrode must be cleaned.

Im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Elektrofiltern werden bei den neuartigen Elektrofiltern die Abscheideelektroden aus leitenden Materialien von dem zu reinigendem Gas durchströmt und insbesondere mittels pneumatischer Rückspülung gereinigt. Die Abscheideelektroden bzw. Filterelemente können bestehen aus mehrlagigen Geweben, Vliesen, poröse Materialien oder Schüttungen. Vorzugsweise werden die Abscheideelektroden bzw. Filterelemente aus Edelstählen hergestelltIn contrast to the known electrostatic precipitators, the separation electrodes made of conductive materials are flowed through by the gas to be purified in the novel electrostatic precipitators and in particular cleaned by means of pneumatic backwashing. The deposition electrodes or filter elements can consist of multilayer fabrics, nonwovens, porous materials or fillings. Preferably, the deposition electrodes or filter elements are made of stainless steels

Vorzugsweise weist die Abscheideelektrode ein leitfähiges Filtergewebe und/oder ein leitfähiges Filtervlies auf, auch andere poröse/durchström bare leitfähige Materialien aus Granulaten oder Spänen hergestellt, sind denkbar Die Abscheideelektroden/Filterelemente können dabei aus Metall, insbesondere Edelstahl, hergestellt sein. Dadurch lässt sich die Abscheideelektrode auch bei hohen Temperaturen, insbesondere zur Reinigung von Verbrennungsgasen, einsetzen. Das Filtermaterial kann dabei aus Fasern, Granulaten oder Spänen hergestellt sein, die eine Dicke von kleiner als 2mm oder 0,5 mm, insbesondere kleiner als 0,3 mm, aufweisen. Solche Fasern, Drähte, Granulat oder Späne können zu einem Filtermaterial verarbeitet sein, dessen Maschenweite oder Porengröße kleiner 2mm, insbesondere kleiner 0,6 mm, beispielsweise kleiner 0,3 mm, ist, so dass auch kleinere Partikel schon mechanisch gefiltert werden.Preferably, the deposition electrode has a conductive filter fabric and / or a conductive filter fleece, and other porous / durchström bare conductive materials made from granules or chips are conceivable The deposition / filter elements can be made of metal, especially stainless steel. As a result, the deposition electrode can also be used at high temperatures, in particular for the purification of combustion gases. The filter material may be made of fibers, granules or chips, which have a thickness of less than 2mm or 0.5 mm, in particular less than 0.3 mm. Such fibers, wires, granules or chips can be processed into a filter material whose mesh size or pore size is less than 2 mm, in particular less than 0.6 mm, for example less than 0.3 mm, so that even smaller particles are already mechanically filtered.

Das Filtermaterial kann mehrere Lagen mit einem leitfähigen Filtergewebe und/oder einem leitfähiges Filtervlies aufweisen. Die Lagen können eine unterschiedliche oder gleiche Durchlässigkeit für Gase besitzen. Die Durchlässigkeit kann sich von außen nach innen reduzieren. Die Lagen können beispielsweise aus Drahtgewebe mit gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Maschenweite bestehen.The filter material may comprise a plurality of layers with a conductive filter fabric and / or a conductive filter fleece. The layers may have different or equal permeability to gases. The permeability can be reduced from the outside to the inside. The layers may for example consist of wire mesh with the same or different mesh size.

Das Filtermaterial weist vorzugsweise eine Dicke von mehr als 2mm, insbesondere zwischen 5 mm und 30 mm, auf. Dadurch wird das zu reinigende Gas durch ein dickes Filtermaterial geleitet, an dem eine Abscheidung der Partikel erfolgt.The filter material preferably has a thickness of more than 2 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 30 mm. As a result, the gas to be purified is passed through a thick filter material, at which a deposition of the particles takes place.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann das Filtermaterial schlauch-, taschenförmig oder haubenförmig ausgebildet sein. Hierfür kann das Filtermaterial der Abscheideelektrode an formstabilen Stützkörpern, wie Körben, gehalten sein, um eine definierte Position innerhalb des Strömungsraumes einzunehmen. Auch die Herstellung von selbsttragenden Filterelementen ist denkbar, beispielsweise aus einem eigensteifen Drahtgewebe. Dadurch kann sowohl die Funktion des Elektrofilters als auch die Abreinigung optimiert werden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the filter material may be formed tubular, bag-shaped or hood-shaped. For this purpose, the filter material of the deposition electrode can be held on dimensionally stable support bodies, such as baskets, in order to assume a defined position within the flow space. The production of self-supporting filter elements is conceivable, for example, a self-rigid wire mesh. As a result, both the function of the electrostatic precipitator and the cleaning can be optimized.

Für die Abreinigung wird ein Einblasen eines Reinigungsgases im Gegenstrombetrieb genutzt. Der Strömungsraum wird im Bereich des Filtermaterials von dem zu reinigenden Gas in eine erste Richtung durchströmt, wobei das Filtermaterial von einem Reinigungsgas entgegen dieser Strömungsrichtung in eine zweite Richtung durchströmt werden kann, so dass sich an dem Filtermaterial abgeschiedene Partikel bei einer pneumatischen Reinigung lösen und gesammelt werden können. Dies führt zu dem Vorteil, dass die einmal abgeschiedenen Partikel nicht beim Reinigungsvorgang durch den Strömungsraum zur Reingasseite geleitet werden, sondern wieder in den Raum, in dem das Rohgas vorhanden ist. Eine solche pneumatische Reinigung kann in regelmäßigen Intervallen erfolgen, wobei auch eine automatische Abreinigung möglich ist. Eine solche Abreinigung kann gleichzeitig für sämtliche schlauch-, taschen- oder haubenförmigen Filterelemente in dem Strömungsraum erfolgen oder auch nur für einzelne Untergruppen von Filterelementen.For cleaning a blowing in of a cleaning gas is used in countercurrent operation. The flow space is traversed in the region of the filter material by the gas to be cleaned in a first direction, wherein the filter material can be flowed through by a cleaning gas against this flow direction in a second direction, so that detached and collected on the filter material deposited particles in a pneumatic cleaning can be. This leads to the advantage that the once deposited particles are not passed during the cleaning process through the flow space to the clean gas side, but again in the space in which the raw gas is present. Such a pneumatic cleaning can be done at regular intervals, with an automatic cleaning is possible. Such cleaning can be carried out simultaneously for all hose, bag or hood-shaped filter elements in the flow space or even for individual subgroups of filter elements.

Die schlauch-, taschen- oder haubenförmigen Filterelemente können vertikal hängend oder horizontal liegend gehalten oder freitragend oder auch in einem Winkel zwischen vertikal und horizontal in dem Strömungsraum angeordnet sein. Vorzugsweise sind die Filterelemente in einem Winkel zwischen 15° und 45°, insbesondere ca. 30° aus der Vertikalen ausgelenkt angeordnet. Die Anströmung durch das Rohgas wird so gestaltet, dass eine fallende Strömung im Filtergehäuse realisiert wird (Down Flow Prinzip).The tubular, pocket or hood-shaped filter elements can be kept vertically suspended or horizontally lying or cantilevered or even arranged at an angle between vertically and horizontally in the flow space. Preferably, the filter elements are arranged at an angle between 15 ° and 45 °, in particular about 30 ° deflected from the vertical. The flow through the raw gas is designed so that a falling flow is realized in the filter housing (down flow principle).

Ferner ist in dem Strömungsraum beabstandet zu den schlauchförmigen Abscheideelektroden eine Vielzahl von Sprühelektroden in Form von Sprühdrähten angeordnet. Die Sprühelektroden können dabei zwischen Isolatoren in dem Strömungsraum gespannt sein und in einem definierten Abstand, beispielsweise zwischen 3 cm und 30 cm, beabstandet von den Abscheideelektroden vorgesehen werden. Die Sprühelektroden können dabei parallel zu der Längsachse der Filterelemente oder auch winklig dazu ausgerichtet sein, insbesondere auch rechtwinklig.Further, in the flow space spaced from the tubular deposition electrodes, a plurality of spray electrodes in the form of spray wires arranged. The spray electrodes can be stretched between insulators in the flow space and provided at a defined distance, for example between 3 cm and 30 cm, spaced from the deposition electrodes. The spray electrodes may be aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the filter elements or at an angle thereto, in particular also at right angles.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Gasen eignet sich besonders gut zur Reinigung von heißen Gasen, speziell Verbrennungsgasen, gerade wenn das Filtermaterial aus einem Filtergewebe oder einem Filtervlies aus Metall hergestellt ist. Die Gase können eine Temperatur größer 100 °C, insbesondere größer 200 °C, bei Bedarf aber auch Temperaturen von über 300 oder über 400 °C aufweisen. Auch ist der Einsatz bei Umgebungstemperatur möglich.The device according to the invention for purifying gases is particularly suitable for the purification of hot gases, especially combustion gases, especially when the filter material is made of a filter fabric or a filter fabric of metal. The gases may have a temperature greater than 100 ° C, in particular greater than 200 ° C, if necessary, but also temperatures of over 300 or above 400 ° C. Also, the use at ambient temperature is possible.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Bezug auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Gasen, und
Figur 2
eine Schnittansicht durch die Vorrichtung der Figur 1.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
FIG. 1
a schematic view of a device according to the invention for purifying gases, and
FIG. 2
a sectional view through the device of FIG. 1 ,

Eine Vorrichtung 1 zum Reinigen von Gasen umfasst einen Filterbehälter 2, an dem ein Einlass 3 für ein zu reinigendes Gas ausgebildet ist. In dem Filterbehälter 2 ist ein Strömungsraum 4 ausgebildet, in dem eine Vielzahl von Sprühelektroden 20 und Abscheideelektroden 5 angeordnet ist. Die Abscheideelektroden 5 sind als durchströmbares Filtermaterial ausgebildet, insbesondere aus einem Filtergewebe und/oder einem Filtervlies, Granulat oder Spänen aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material. Vorzugsweise werden für das Filtermaterial metallische Materialien eingesetzt, beispielsweise Edelstahl. Das Filtermaterial kann dabei aus Fasern, Drähten, Granulaten oder Spänen hergestellt sein, die eine Dicke von 0,1 bis 2mm, insbesondere zwischen 0,1 mm und 0,2 mm, aufweisen. Die Dicke des Filtermaterials liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich zwischen 2 mm und 30 mm, wobei das Filtermaterial ein oder mehrlagig angeordnet werden kann, insbesondere können auch 2 bis 15 Lagen aus Filtermaterial verwendet werden. Wenn ein gitterförmiges Filtermaterial, beispielsweise ein Filtergewebe, eingesetzt wird, kann die Maschenweite in einem Bereich zwischen 0,2mm und 10mm, insbesondere 1mm bis 5mm liegen.A device 1 for purifying gases comprises a filter container 2, on which an inlet 3 for a gas to be cleaned is formed. In the filter container 2, a flow space 4 is formed, in which a plurality of discharge electrodes 20 and deposition electrodes 5 is arranged. The deposition electrodes 5 are formed as a filter material through which flow is possible, in particular of a filter fabric and / or a filter fabric, granules or chips made of an electrically conductive material. Preferably, metallic materials are used for the filter material, for example stainless steel. The filter material can be made of fibers, wires, granules or chips, which have a thickness of 0.1 to 2 mm, in particular between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm. The thickness of the filter material is preferably in a range between 2 mm and 30 mm, wherein the filter material can be arranged in one or more layers, in particular also 2 to 15 layers of filter material can be used. If a grid-shaped filter material, for example a filter fabric, is used, the mesh size can be in a range between 0.2 mm and 10 mm, in particular 1 mm to 5 mm.

Die Abscheideelektroden 5 aus dem Filtermaterial sind dabei schlauch-, taschen- oder haubenförmig ausgebildet und werden von außen nach innen von dem zu reinigenden Gas durchströmt. Dabei sind die Abscheideelektroden 5 an ihrer Unterseite geschlossen ausgebildet, während sie an ihrer Oberseite an einer Zwischenwand 7 in dem Filterbehälter 2 an einem rohrförmigen Halter 8 hängend gelagert sind. Die schlauchförmigen Abscheideelektroden 5 werden somit von außen nach innen durchströmt, wobei das gereinigte Gas durch die rohrförmigen Halter 8 zu einem Auslass 6 an dem Filterbehälter 2 strömt.The deposition electrodes 5 made of the filter material are tubular, pocket-shaped or hood-shaped and are flowed through from outside to inside by the gas to be cleaned. In this case, the deposition electrodes 5 are formed closed on its underside, while they are mounted on its upper side to an intermediate wall 7 in the filter container 2 to a tubular holder 8 hanging. The tubular separating electrodes 5 are thus flowed through from outside to inside, with the purified gas flowing through the tubular holders 8 to an outlet 6 on the filter container 2.

Beabstandet von den Abscheideelektroden 5 sind eine Vielzahl von Sprühelektroden 20 in Form vom Sprühdrähten vorgesehen, die jeweils zwischen dem Isolator 21 und dem Isolator 22 gespannt und beabstandet von den Abscheideelektroden 5 positioniert sind, beispielsweise in einem Abstand zwischen 1 cm und 30 cm, insbesondere 3 cm bis 10 cm. Der Isolator 21 kann über einen Halter 24 an der Zwischenwand 7 fixiert sein, während der Isolator 22 an einem Halter 23 fixiert ist, der an dem Filterbehälter 2 festgelegt ist.Spaced apart from the deposition electrodes 5, a plurality of spray electrodes 20 in the form of spray wires are provided, which are respectively stretched between the insulator 21 and the insulator 22 and spaced from the deposition electrodes 5, for example at a distance of between 1 cm and 30 cm, in particular 3 cm to 10 cm. The insulator 21 may be fixed to the intermediate wall 7 via a holder 24, while the insulator 22 is fixed to a holder 23 fixed to the filter container 2.

Damit die Abscheideelektroden 5 im durchströmten Zustand in einer vorbestimmten Position in dem Strömungsraum 4 angeordnet bleiben, sind die Abscheideelektroden 5 mit dem Filtermaterial an formstabilen Stützkörpern gehalten, beispielsweise an Körben, an denen das Filtermaterial festgelegt ist. Dadurch werden Bewegungen relativ zu den Sprühelektroden 20 weitgehend vermieden.So that the deposition electrodes 5 remain arranged in the flow-through state in a predetermined position in the flow space 4, the separation electrodes 5 are held with the filter material to dimensionally stable support bodies, for example on baskets on which the filter material is fixed. As a result, movements relative to the spray electrodes 20 are largely avoided.

Um die Abscheideelektroden 5 zu reinigen, ist oberhalb des rohrförmigen Halters 8 ein Reinigungsrohr 9 vorgesehen, in dem Düsen 10 vorgesehen sind, deren Öffnung zu den rohrförmigen Haltern 8 gerichtet ist. Durch die Düsen 10 kann ein Reinigungsgas somit in die einzelnen schlauchförmigen -, taschen- oder haubenförmigen Abscheideelektroden 5 eingeblasen werden, wobei das Reinigungsgas entgegen der Strömungsrichtung des zu reinigenden Gases durch das Filtermaterial geblasen wird. Durch den Reinigungsvorgang werden die abgeschiedenen Partikel an den Abscheideelektroden 5 an einem Trichter 11 an der Unterseite des Filterbehälters 2 gesammelt und über eine Zellenradschleuse 12 oder eine andere Einrichtung entsorgt.In order to clean the separation electrodes 5, a cleaning tube 9 is provided above the tubular holder 8, are provided in the nozzle 10, whose opening is directed to the tubular holders 8. Through the nozzles 10, a cleaning gas thus be blown into the individual tubular -, pocket or hood-shaped deposition electrodes 5, wherein the cleaning gas is blown against the flow direction of the gas to be cleaned by the filter material. By the cleaning process, the deposited particles are collected at the deposition electrodes 5 at a hopper 11 at the bottom of the filter container 2 and disposed of via a rotary valve 12 or other means.

Das Reinigungsgas wird in das Reinigungsrohr 9 durch einen Druckbehälter 13 gespeist, der über einen Kompressor 14 aufladbar ist. Als Reinigungsgas kann beispielsweise Luft eingesetzt werden, wobei eine Steuerung 15 vorgesehen ist, um den Reinigungsvorgang in bestimmten Intervallen zu wiederholen. Hierfür können über Leitungen 16 und 17 Druckmessungen durchgeführt werden, um den Druck in dem Filterbehälter 2 auf der Reingasseite und der Rohgasseite zu ermitteln und dadurch einen eventuellen Verstopfungsgrad zu detektieren. Auch weitere Parameter können für die Steuerung 15 für die Reinigung herangezogen werden. Durch das schlagartige Einblasen eines Reinigungsgases durch das Reinigungsrohr und die Düsen 10 können an der Abscheideelektrode 5 anhaftende Partikel entgegen der Strömungsrichtung weggeblasen werden, damit sie in dem Trichter 11 gesammelt werden. Der Druck und das Volumen des eingeblasenen Reinigungsgases können abhängig von der Größe der Abscheideelektroden 5 und des Filterbehälters 2 gewählt werden.The cleaning gas is fed into the cleaning pipe 9 by a pressure vessel 13, which can be charged via a compressor 14. As a cleaning gas, for example, air can be used, wherein a controller 15 is provided is to repeat the cleaning process at certain intervals. For this purpose, pressure measurements can be made via lines 16 and 17 to determine the pressure in the filter tank 2 on the clean gas side and the raw gas side and thereby detect a possible degree of clogging. Other parameters can be used for the controller 15 for cleaning. As a result of the sudden injection of a cleaning gas through the cleaning tube and the nozzles 10, particles adhering to the precipitation electrode 5 can be blown away counter to the direction of flow so that they are collected in the funnel 11. The pressure and the volume of the blown cleaning gas can be selected depending on the size of the separator electrodes 5 and the filter container 2.

In Figur 2 ist ein horizontaler Schnitt durch den Filterbehälter 2 dargestellt, der an einer Seite den Einlass 3 mit dem zu reinigenden Gas aufweist. In dem Strömungsraum des Filterbehälters 2 ist eine Vielzahl von schlauch-, taschen- oder haubenförmigen Abscheideelektroden 5 aus Filtermaterial hängend angeordnet, die von mehreren Sprühelektroden 20 in Form von Sprühdrähten umgeben sind. Zwischen den Sprühelektroden 20 und den Abscheideelektroden 5 ist eine Spannungsquelle 25 angeordnet, die über eine Leitung 26 mit den einzelnen Sprühelektroden 2 und mit einer Leitung 27 mit den Abscheideelektroden 5 verbunden ist, was nur schematisch dargestellt ist. Dadurch bildet sich ein elektrisches Potenzial zwischen den Sprühelektroden 20 und den Abscheideelektroden 5 aus, das beispielsweise in einem Bereich zwischen 6 kV und 80 kV liegen kann, um einen hohen Abscheidegrad für elektrisch geladene Partikel erreichen zu können.In FIG. 2 is a horizontal section through the filter container 2 is shown having on one side of the inlet 3 with the gas to be cleaned. In the flow space of the filter container 2, a plurality of tubular, pocket or hood-shaped deposition electrodes 5 are arranged hanging from filter material, which are surrounded by a plurality of spray electrodes 20 in the form of spray wires. Between the spray electrodes 20 and the deposition electrodes 5, a voltage source 25 is arranged, which is connected via a line 26 to the individual spray electrodes 2 and with a line 27 to the deposition electrodes 5, which is shown only schematically. As a result, an electrical potential is formed between the spray electrodes 20 and the deposition electrodes 5, which may be in a range between 6 kV and 80 kV, for example, in order to be able to achieve a high degree of separation of electrically charged particles.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 eignet sich insbesondere zur Reinigung von heißen Gasen, speziell Verbrennungsgasen, die Temperaturen zwischen 250 °C und über 500 °C aufweisen können, beispielsweise bei Biomasseverbrennungsanlagen, Syntesegasreaktoren oder Verbrennungsmotoren zum Beispiel Schiffs- oder Großdieselmotoren. Auch andere Einsatzgebiete im Bereich der Gasreinigung sind möglich.The device 1 according to the invention is particularly suitable for the purification of hot gases, especially combustion gases, which may have temperatures between 250 ° C and over 500 ° C, for example in biomass incinerators, Syntesegasreaktoren or internal combustion engines, for example marine or large diesel engines. Other applications in the field of gas cleaning are possible.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Vorrichtungdevice
22
Filterbehälterfilter container
33
Einlassinlet
44
Strömungsraumflow chamber
55
Abscheideelektrodedeposition electrode
66
Auslassoutlet
77
Zwischenwandpartition
88th
Halterholder
99
Reinigungsrohrcleaning pipe
1010
Düsejet
1111
Trichterfunnel
1212
Zellenradschleuserotary
1313
Druckbehälterpressure vessel
1414
Kompressorcompressor
1515
Steuerungcontrol
1616
Leitungmanagement
1717
Leitungmanagement
2020
Sprühelektrodespray electrode
2121
Isolatorinsulator
2222
Isolatorinsulator
2323
Halterholder
2424
Halterholder
2525
Spannungsquellevoltage source
2626
Leitungmanagement
2727
Leitungmanagement

Claims (17)

  1. Device (1) for purifying gases, having a filter container (2) in which a flow space (4) for the gas to be cleaned is formed, at least one spray electrode (20) arranged in the flow space (4) and at least one precipitating electrode (5) arranged in the flow space (4), wherein particles of the gas to be cleaned can be deposited at the precipitating electrode (5) by applying a voltage between the spray electrode (20) and the precipitating electrode (5), wherein the precipitating electrode (5) is formed as a traversable conductive filter material for the mechanical filtering of particles and the flow space (4) can be flowed through by the gas to be cleaned, characterized in that a cleaning gas can be introduced through the filter material, which gas flows through the filter material in the opposite direction to the flow direction of the gas to be cleaned.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the precipitating electrode (5) is designed as conductive filter fabric and/or conductive filter fleece, conductive granulate or conductive chips.
  3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the filter fabric or the filter fleece is made of metal, in particular temperature-resistant stainless steel.
  4. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the filter material is made of conductive fibers which have a thickness of less than 2 mm, in particular less than 0.3 mm.
  5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter material has several layers with a conductive filter fabric and/or a conductive filter fleece.
  6. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the filter material is made of conductive granulate having a thickness of 0.2 mm to 5 mm.
  7. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the filter material is made of conductive chips having a thickness of 0.1 mm to 2 mm.
  8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter material has a thickness of more than 4 mm, in particular between 10 and 30 mm.
  9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the precipitating electrode (5) is formed in a tubular, pocket-shaped or hood-shaped manner.
  10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter material of the precipitating electrode (5) is held on dimensionally stable supporting bodies or is produced as a self-supporting element.
  11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of tubular or hood-shaped precipitating electrodes (5) are arranged in the flow space (4) in a vertically suspended, horizontally lying or self-supporting manner.
  12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one precipitating electrode (5) is oriented inclined to the vertical, wherein the inflow by the raw gas is designed in such a way that a falling flow is realized in the filter housing.
  13. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that a plurality of spray electrodes (20) in the form of spray wires are arranged in the flow space (4) at a distance from the tubular or hood-shaped precipitating electrodes (5).
  14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one spray electrode (20) is clamped between insulators (21, 22) in the flow space (4).
  15. Use of a device (1) according to one of the preceding claims for purifying gases, in particular combustion gases.
  16. Use according to claim 15, characterized in that the gases or combustion gases have a temperature greater than 100°C, in particular greater than 200°C.
  17. Method for purifying gases, having a filter container (2) in which a flow space (4) for the gas to be cleaned is formed, at least one spray electrode (20) arranged in the flow space (4) and at least one precipitating electrode (5) arranged in the flow space (4), wherein particles of the gas to be cleaned are deposited at the precipitating electrode (5) by applying a voltage between the spray electrode (20) and the precipitating electrode (5), wherein the precipitating electrode (5) is constructed as a traversable conductive filter material for the mechanical filtering of particles and the flow space (4) is flowed through by the gas to be cleaned, characterized in that for cleaning the filter material a cleaning gas is introduced through the filter material which flows through the filter material against the flow direction of the gas to be cleaned.
EP14194925.5A 2013-12-02 2014-11-26 Device and method for purifying gases Not-in-force EP2878377B1 (en)

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DE102013113334.7A DE102013113334A1 (en) 2013-12-02 2013-12-02 Device for cleaning gases

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016121344B4 (en) 2016-11-08 2020-07-23 Camfil Apc Gmbh Filter system with a central pre-separator and method for cleaning a filter system
JP7109194B2 (en) 2018-01-15 2022-07-29 三菱重工パワー環境ソリューション株式会社 Electrostatic precipitator

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DE3939645A1 (en) * 1989-11-30 1991-06-06 Gore W L & Ass Gmbh Dust separator - in which clean gas space in filter chamber has access aperture and valve arrangement
WO2001091908A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-06 Scheuch Gmbh Dust filter with filter sleeve, emission electrode and collecting electrode
EP2602016A1 (en) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-12 Jochen Deichmann Facility for cleaning filters and method for operating a facility for cleaning filters

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DE3723544A1 (en) * 1987-07-16 1989-01-26 Man Technologie Gmbh ELECTROSTATIC FILTER FOR CLEANING GASES
JP4339049B2 (en) * 2003-08-29 2009-10-07 日新電機株式会社 Exhaust gas treatment method and exhaust gas treatment apparatus
US7582145B2 (en) * 2007-12-17 2009-09-01 Krigmont Henry V Space efficient hybrid collector
US8409327B2 (en) * 2010-06-04 2013-04-02 General Electric Company Control of grounded surface geometry in electrostatically enhanced fabric filters
EP2614894A1 (en) * 2012-01-12 2013-07-17 Envibat AB Improved wet electrostatic precipitator

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3939645A1 (en) * 1989-11-30 1991-06-06 Gore W L & Ass Gmbh Dust separator - in which clean gas space in filter chamber has access aperture and valve arrangement
WO2001091908A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-06 Scheuch Gmbh Dust filter with filter sleeve, emission electrode and collecting electrode
EP2602016A1 (en) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-12 Jochen Deichmann Facility for cleaning filters and method for operating a facility for cleaning filters

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