EP2877289A1 - Verfahren zur magnetischen abtrennung von fällungsprodukten aus fluiden mit hilfe von wiederverwendbaren, superparamagnetischen kompositpartikeln - Google Patents
Verfahren zur magnetischen abtrennung von fällungsprodukten aus fluiden mit hilfe von wiederverwendbaren, superparamagnetischen kompositpartikelnInfo
- Publication number
- EP2877289A1 EP2877289A1 EP13736929.4A EP13736929A EP2877289A1 EP 2877289 A1 EP2877289 A1 EP 2877289A1 EP 13736929 A EP13736929 A EP 13736929A EP 2877289 A1 EP2877289 A1 EP 2877289A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- magnetic
- matrix
- acid
- nanoparticles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/005—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation
- B03C1/01—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation by addition of magnetic adjuvants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/18—Magnetic separation whereby the particles are suspended in a liquid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of separating, usually using, dissolved substances in a fluid to be purified
- Impurities in waste water, sewage treatment processes or other water to be purified are manifold. These include, in particular, dissolved heavy metal cations and anions, organic pollutants and pollutants and particulates present in particulate form, which under certain circumstances can severely pollute the environment and be toxic to humans and animals. On the other hand, many impurities can be the basis of later recyclable materials, which in particular also under the aspect of the under - consumption of
- Primary resources can have meaning. Methods are needed to separate and isolate the said substances on the one hand, in order to be able to process them later, either for recycling or final disposal, and on the other hand to be able to recover uncontaminated water.
- the separated precipitate is usually very bulky, see e.g. M. Franzreb,
- the product is to be disposed of as special waste (see M.
- Magnetic ion exchangers (Miex® process of the Australian company Orica WaterCare):
- permanent magnetic ion exchanger particles are used as a liquid bed (liquid bed ion exchanger resin).
- the particles are dispersed by stirring in the wastewater and can bind anionic, water polluting substances. Rinsing of the particles from the reactor is prevented by their magnetic agglomeration in the non-stirred sections of the reactor and subsequent sedimentation.
- micrometer-sized magnetite particles are used, which are incorporated in the precipitation of the hydroxides in the flakes. Subsequently, the flakes can be separated magnetically. There is no need to wait for slow sedimentation.
- these methods have the following problems:
- the magnetite particles used have a remanent magnetization. Even after the magnetic separation, they remain permanently agglomerated. They may be difficult to remove from the separator (see P. Grimshaw, JM Calo, G. Hradil, Chemical
- DE 101 60 664 A1 discloses a process for wastewater purification in which adsorbents with magnetic properties are used for the easier removal, in particular of metal salts.
- adsorbents which consist of an at least partially agglomerated material based on silicate or substantially closed silicate hollow bodies, which are each modified with magnetic particles. The possibility of purification and recovery of the adsorbents loaded with the salts is not discussed.
- nanocomposites can be coated with e.g. matrix produced by the sol-gel process from alkoxides or organoalkoxysilanes, in which very small magnetic particles are embedded, are suitable as superparamagnetic particles for separating components from liquid and gaseous media.
- the matrix is functionalized by the addition of silanes with functional groups or functional double-bond-containing molecules, whereby the functional groups should allow the components to be separated to bind to the particle surface ionically, via complex formation or via antigen-antibody bonds. These substances should then be able to be eluted again in a regeneration step.
- the particles have an average diameter in at least one direction of at least 5 ⁇ m
- the particles have a surface area (according to BET measurement) of at least 1 m 2 / g and a
- the method can be used to coagulate existing and, for example, colloidal turbidity and flocculate. It can also be used for such purposes as: Many mines contain dissolved, divalent iron. Often they also contain dissolved heavy metals. If these mine effluents leave the excavation pit, they come into contact with oxygen. This leads to a flocculation of iron (III) hydroxide. The problem is the content of heavy metals, which are involved with it. The wastewater is therefore stowed in large sedimentation basins, so that the flakes can settle. Because of the large footprint, this method, while being simple, is expensive (see, for example, M. Franzreb, supra). With the
- the magnetically separable particles can be flocked in advance with the precipitating agent, for example by suspending the particles in a fluid such as water, then adding the precipitating agent in a sufficient amount and keeping the particles in suspension until the precipitant is on precipitated the particles.
- the nature of the precipitating agent capable of precipitating sought-after solutes in the aqueous fluid is not fundamentally critical; Here, the specialist can resort to basic knowledge. It always depends on which substances are present or suspected in the fluid to be purified. For example, are they toxic (for example, toxic)
- Heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, copper or zinc, the expert is usually an iron (II) - and / or iron (III) compound, but optionally also one
- organic substances can also be separated off / precipitated in some cases, provided that they are included in the
- Conditions of the invention can adsorb nonspecific to the precipitation flakes.
- Crucial to the invention is the use of the specifically defined,
- Superparamagnetic are particles of a magnitude that have zero mean magnetization without applying an external magnetic field, but behave like a true ferromagnetic material in an external magnetic field. When switching off the external field, however, no remanent magnetization of the particles remains, which then again behave non-magnetically (see, for example, G. Schmidt, Nanoparticles from theory to applications (2004), WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, S 222). Examples of such a material are for. As the iron oxides magnetite (Fe 3 0 4 ) and maghemite (Y-Fe 2 0 3 ). They are often surface-coated or embedded in a matrix. Thus, magnetizable particles for biochemical and medical purposes embedded in a matrix of Si0 2 or polymer with different surface modifications are commercially available.
- the magnetically separable microparticles proposed for use in the present invention comprise nanoparticles having reversible magnetic properties in a matrix.
- reversible magnetic properties is to be understood to mean that the particles are superparamagnetic at room temperature in the sense that the remanent magnetization in the context of the measurement inaccuracy is preferably 0 or at most 0.5% of the saturation magnetization, i. the magnetization that reaches the material when an external field is applied and the material is completely magnetized.
- the blocking temperature of the material for these particles should preferably be about 180K (about -93 ° C). From this temperature, the magnetic orientation of the particles can "rotate freely”; it is therefore a certain criterion for the superparamagnetism of the particles at room temperature.
- Nanoparticles preferably comprise or consist of iron oxide, in particular of magnetite and / or maghemite.
- the particles may, for example, have the following composition:
- Proportion of the matrix 70 to 30% by weight
- compositions may have one of the following compositions:
- Proportion of the matrix 60 to 45% by weight - proportion of silicon dioxide in the inorganic portion of the matrix: 95 to 100 wt .-% or
- alkali metal measured as alkali oxide (M 2 0): 0 to 1 wt .-% - content of organic material and / or water: 0 to 7 wt .-%.
- the matrix on the surface of the magnetically separable particles may carry functional groups attached via Si-C bonds. These may optionally have been attached to them via a silanization of the matrix surface.
- the surface of the particles of the invention preferably has a value of at least 10 m 2 / g and more preferably of at least 20 m 2 / g.
- a first comprises the steps: a. Providing a fluid magnetic sol which has been peptized by lowering the pH with the aid of the addition of a preferably inorganic acid such as HCl or HNO 3 to a value not exceeding pH 2.5, preferably not exceeding 2.0, the said Use of HN0 3 is preferred;
- the silica-forming agent may be a water-soluble silicate, preferably having a composition of silica to alkali metal oxide in the range between 4: 1 and 1: 1, particularly preferably of about 3 :.
- the silicate used may be a 2-5% by weight silicate in aqueous solution, and / or the molar ratio of the silications Si 3 O 7 2 " to the organic complexing agent may be in the range from 0.07 to 0.2 lie.
- a second such method comprises the steps: a. Providing a fluid magnetic sol which has been peptized by lowering the pH to above pH 2.5 by the addition of an acid, b. Stabilizing the sol by adding an organic complexing agent, c. Addition of ammonia or a compound that has at least one amine function
- Tetraethoxysilane to the stabilized sol hydrolytically decomposed in the presence of ammonia
- organic complexing agent is selected such that after addition of the ammonia according to step c. a measured hydrodynamic radius of the particles in the sol in the range of 500 to 2000 nm sets.
- any materials with reversible magnetic properties can be used which are known to the person skilled in the art (see, for example, D. Horak et al., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 284 (2004), 145-160).
- Particularly suitable are materials containing iron in different oxidation states, for example, various iron oxides, iron in non-oxidized form and iron carbides.
- iron oxides and ferrites (with the empirical formula MO * Fe 2 O 3 ) are particularly preferred.
- the most important of these materials are magnetite (Fe 3 0 4 , also called FeO * Fe 2 0 3 ) and maghemite, y-Fe 2 0 3.
- the fluid magnetic sol any materials with reversible magnetic properties can be used which are known to the person skilled in the art (see, for example, D. Horak et al., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 284 (2004), 145-160).
- Particularly suitable are materials containing iron in different oxidation states, for example, various iron oxides, iron
- magnetic sol is typically an aqueous sol, i. it contains water, with water possibly being the only solvent present, but not having to be; Other water-miscible organic solvents may also be present depending on the manufacturing process.
- a complexing agent is added to further stabilize this - or a comparable other sol - .
- the complexing agent should therefore be chosen such that agglomeration of the nanoparticles is largely prevented in the subsequent pH increase (to at least pH 9) and in step c. a measured hydrodynamic radius of the particles in the range of 500 to 2000 nm, preferably in the range of about 800 to 1200 and most preferably of about 1000nm sets. The hydrodynamic radius is determined by means of dynamic light scattering
- Suitable as complexing agents are all organic reagents which can complex iron in aqueous solution and at least two functional groups suitable for complex formation, such as, for example, hydroxyl groups, keto groups. pen or carboxylic acid groups.
- the number of functional groups should be selected appropriately. It has been found that when organic solvents are used as polymers having a multiplicity (eg more than 20 or 30) of functional groups suitable for complex formation, the subsequently formed microcomposite particles with Si0 2 are not sufficiently stable. They are too small, and the included magnetizable nanoparticles are too easy to wash out of. Preference is therefore given to monomeric or oligomeric compounds such as hydroxycarboxylic acids having 1 to 3
- Hydroxy and 1 to 3 carboxylic acid functions di- or oligocarboxylic acids and bis- or oligo alcohols with a maximum of 8, preferably a maximum of 6 suitable for complex formation functional groups.
- Hydroxycarboxylic acids with a total of 2 or 3 functional groups, di- or tricarboxylic acids and bis- or tris alcohols are very suitable. Lactic acid or malic acid are particularly preferred.
- the stabilization is then particularly effective for the preparation of the particles when the complexing agent in a large, preferably at least three times and more preferably at least six times the molar excess in relation to those in the
- Nanoparticles contained metal, especially iron atoms is added. Only in this way can the nanoparticles remain permanently bound in the microparticles without later triggering of the nanoparticles being observed.
- ammonia and / or a compound is added, which has at least one amine function or releases such a function by the action of heat.
- the addition of ammonia is preferred.
- another amino compound is chosen, its nature does not matter in principle, as long as it is miscible with the solvent of the sol and can be reached by their addition of the specified pH.
- Examples are short-chain amines, (especially those having not more than 1 to 4 carbon atoms) such as methylamine or diethylamine, diamines such as tetraethylenediamine, hydroxyamines or urea. It is advantageous if the amount of ammonia or amine in the aqueous solution in molar excess, based on the anion of preferably inorganic acid (N0 3 " , " CI " ), is present.
- the sol is preferably heated, in particular to 50 to 90 ° C and more preferably to a maximum of about 80 ° C.
- the introduced thermal energy causes in the case in which instead of ammonia or a compound containing amino groups, a compound was added from the first under the action of this energy
- a silica-forming agent is added.
- These include the first silane with preferably four hydrolytic condensation accessible groups, especially alkoxy groups.
- the already mentioned above TEOS belongs to this.
- silanes with radicals bonded via carbon to the silicon such as, for example, alkyltrialkoxysilanes modified with functional groups, for example in admixture with a tetraalkoxysilane.
- the solvent used for this step is usually an alcohol.
- the second group of these agents which is preferred over the group comprising silanes, because it is associated with a much faster reaction and much less expensive, wherein the manufacturing process can also be done in a continuous process, comprises water-soluble silicates (usually an alkali silicate, eg sodium or potassium silicate).
- Their composition ie the ratio of alkali to silicon, is not limited.
- a water glass solution of the composition is favorable
- Si0 2 : Na 2 0 3: 1.
- the dilution of the added water-soluble silicate is basically not critical; however, in a number of cases it may be important for well-defined particle formation.
- the molar ratio when adding the silicate (in the given example of the sodium silicate Na 2 Si 3 O 7 ) to iron atoms of the nanoparticles to be introduced into the composite should be more than 0.4, preferably 0.7. This procedure has opposite to the
- silane also has the advantage that no organic solvent is needed.
- the molar amount of in step a. added acid eg HN0 3 (aq)
- the molar amount of in step a. added acid eg HN0 3 (aq)
- the addition of the silica-forming agent is preferably carried out with stirring or by another method that promotes a thorough mixing of the components in the solution / suspension and at least by a turbulent confluence of the substances.
- the molar ratio of silicate (based on the anion Si 3 0 7 2 ") for used in each case complexing agent such as a hydroxycarboxylic acid, 0,2 do not exceed.
- the molar ratio should be greater than 0.07 to get particles.
- a silane such as TEOS and / or an alkyltrialkoxysilane is used in the process according to the invention and decomposed, for example, according to the Stöber process, careful hydrolytic condensation (for example in the presence of ammonia) requires a substantially longer period of time.
- the resulting particles also differ physically of those obtained in a waterglass precipitation, as explained in more detail below. Nevertheless, both process variants lead to very stable products.
- the resulting nano / micro composite particles are - optionally after cooling - separated with a permanent magnet and preferably cleaned, for example, washed with water or ethanol.
- the result is 1 to 30 ⁇ large particles of a Si0 2 matrix with enclosed, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. If drying is required, it can be done at room temperature or under low heat
- FIG. 1 shows two differently resolved scanning electron micrographs of composite particles usable for the invention, produced from water glass as Si0 2 precursor, while FIG shows different strong resolved scanning electron microscopy images of usable for the invention composite particles, which are made of TEOS as Si0 2 Vorcut. It can be seen at higher magnification that the particles obtained with waterglass appear very filigree, in their structure sand-rose-like ( Figure 1), whereas the particles obtained by means of TEOS appear more dense ( Figure 3).
- the particles obtained with water glass have a surface area of about 10 to 100 m 2 / g, often between about 20 and 85 m 2 / g, whereas those obtained with TEOS have a surface in the range of 1 up to 10 m 2 / g, usually up to 5 m 2 / g.
- the high surface area of the particles made with water glass is not at least for the most part
- the particles made with TEOS usually contain no sodium at all.
- Coating with Si0 2 is so thick and stable that even the loss of a minor portion of it does not affect the stability of the particles.
- the particles also have a good mechanical stability: the particle sizes do not change after 60 minutes of mechanical stress in a commercially available ultrasonic bath.
- the inorganic portion of the particles consists of 40 to 60 wt .-% magnetic or
- the particles described above are superparamagnetic in spite of their micrometer size and have a saturation magnetization of 30-35 emu / g, which enables a very good magnetic separation. This may be due to the fact that the particles consist of a socialization of "platelets" in the nanometer range, which over the
- Silicon oxide matrix are connected so that the particles receive a high outer envelope surface ("cubature"), which also leads to the above-mentioned, significantly increased surface area compared to the more compact, usually spherical particles of the prior art.
- the good separability is particularly supported by the size of the particles obtained by the water glass method (on average by 20 ⁇ " ⁇ ) on.
- the nano / micro composite particles produced by the process described are suitable for further functionalization because of their Si0 2 surfaces.
- a surface modification of the particle surface is basically possible on the basis of molecular, oligomeric, polymeric or particulate basis.
- the methods that can be used for this purpose are known from the prior art.
- the functional groups R are then via non-hydrolyzable Si-C bonds with the
- the nano / micro-composite particles described therein can be used in water technology as well as in biochemistry and medicine for separation tasks. Due to the good modifiability of the particle surfaces thanks to the Si0 2 matrix as described above, anchor sites for numerous target compounds are possible. Due to their relatively low density and small grain size, the particles are easy to keep in suspension as mentioned, which significantly facilitates the reaction with such target compounds. Their good magnetizability allows easy separation in magnetic field gradients in short times (a few minutes). Due to the properties mentioned, the particles could, for example, represent an interesting starting point for raw material recycling from fluids, a topic of current social and economic interest.
- the composite particles described in detail above are used in the process according to the invention either without precipitant or, preferably, simultaneously with, before or after Addition of a precipitant in the treated to be treated (eg burdened with heavy metals) wastewater dispersed.
- a precipitant in the treated to be treated (eg burdened with heavy metals) wastewater dispersed.
- the forming, mostly hydroxidischen flakes bind the hitherto dissolved or colloidal substances, such as heavy metal ions, with a and adsorb particles present particulate, possibly also other dissolved molecules, in an unspecific manner. It is surprising that these flakes are reflected almost exclusively on the composite magnetic particles.
- Iron hydroxide has a slightly positive zeta potential or is at about pH 7 in the region of the isoelectric point (ieP about 7.5); the zeta potential of aluminum hydroxide is slightly higher; its isoelectric point is about pH 8, as shown in Figure 5a. Since the composite magnetic particles have a silicate surface, they have a negative surface charge over wide pH ranges; their zeta potential is shown in FIG. 5b.
- the pH is approximately neutral; If this is not the case in exceptional cases, it is favorable to adjust the pH accordingly (in particular to values between 5 and 9, particularly preferably between 6 and 8). Because then the charge differences mentioned lead to an attraction of the forming flakes to the silicate surface of the particles. As a result, an almost complete binding of the precipitation flakes is achieved. This is advantageous over, for example, the use of pure magnetite, which has rather a positive surface charge in the relevant pH range (its zeta potential is shown in Figure 5c), so that no mutual electrostatic attraction results. After attachment of, for example, hydroxide flakes to the superparamagnetic composite particles, the particles are advantageously separated magnetically from the aqueous fluid in the next step.
- the detachment of the flakes from the composite particles can be resolved by changing the pH to more acidic levels. Since only a little aqueous fluid adheres to the flocked composite particles, this is usually possible with only a small amount of possibly strong acid (for example, 0.1 M or 1 M HCl or even concentrated HCl): even very little (strong) acid allows immediate dissolution of, for example, heavy metal-laden hydroxidic flakes, for example of
- the composite particles are stable to the acid.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows flocculation and magnetic separation of heavy metals in wastewater by means of superparamagnetic composite particles including a step of acid recession / recovery.
- Other precipitation flakes of heavy metal compounds are preferably deposited on the composite particles with their negative surface (FIG. 4 shows a scanning electron micrograph and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX) of composite particles on which heavy metal flakes are directly deposited
- Heavy metals are recovered in the EDX, so that an occupancy of the
- Composite particles can be detected with hydroxides or oxo-hydroxides) and can be redissolved after the magnetic separation in acid.
- ausstun material favorable.
- an electrochemical workup of the metals conceivable.
- the resulting small amount of acidic cleaning solution a large amount of heavy metal and possibly iron ions. It can therefore subsequently be worked up again for metals (eg with electrowinning, see, for example, see P. Grimshaw et al., Supra) and thus become a valuable substance from the pollutant.
- the great advantage of the particles used is in comparison to "magnetic seeds", namely particles of iron or iron oxides:
- Pure iron powder has the advantage that it is very soft magnetic and therefore prone to magnetic agglomeration only comparatively weak Density (7.9 g / cm 3 ), which makes it difficult to keep such an iron powder in suspension for a long time, is relatively easy to disperse, but pure iron is extremely acid-sensitive and dissolves rapidly upon contact with acid Even the commercially available so-called carbonyl iron powder, which according to the manufacturer Si0 2 - is coated, withstands stronger acids only to an unsatisfactory extent.Also, pure iron in water oxidizes very quickly (iron oxides have a better acid stability than pure ones) Iron on, however, these substances are not soft magnetic, which means that they always have a considerable remanent Ma owning and possessing oneself can not prevent that strong magnetic agglomeration occurs. This is what happens
- the two most important advantages of the particles proposed for the process according to the invention are the magnetic separation and the reusability of the composite particles as release agents.
- the superparamagnetism prevents magnetic agglomeration of the particles during redispersion. They are optimally distributed in the water and behave like suspended solids. At the same time, however, they are very easy to separate in the magnetic field gradient. Subsequently, no complex demagnetization of the particles is necessary, they can be dispersed again immediately.
- the silicate surface of the composite particles has a negative zeta potential in the neutral pH range, so that precipitation flakes with a positive zeta potential are well bound. Furthermore, the silica shell protects the magnetic magnetite particles in acid treatment, so that the precipitated metal hydroxides easily peeled off and the composite particles can be used again. When using magnetic drum separators or the like, even a continuous process control can be achieved.
- the surface area of the particles was determined by the BET method (DIN66131).
- the average particle size was estimated by SEM images and measured by Fraunhoferbeugung in suspension. Hydrodynamic radii of the
- Nanoparticle suspensions were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS).
- Microparticles each containing a variety of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. After cooling the mixture, these are separated by means of a permanent magnet and washed three times with distilled water. Two scanning electron micrographs of the particles are shown in FIG. 1; they have a very different diameter in the range between about 5 and 40 ⁇ ; the average diameter in at least one direction is about 20 ⁇ " ⁇ . The BET measurement showed a surface area of about 75 m 2 / g.
- Example 2 washed three times (as in Example 1) with 20ml 0.5M HN0 3 . Subsequently, 360 mg of lactic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) were added. For the Stöber process, the hydrolysis and condensation took place in an ethanolic-ammoniacal environment. To this was added 100 ml of ethanol and 7 ml of ammonia solution (Sigma-Aldrich). With vigorous stirring, 6.25 g of tetraethoxysilane (Sigma-Aldrich) was added and the mixture stirred in air at room temperature for one hour. The resulting microparticles were separated with a magnet and washed three times with water and three times with ethanol.
- lactic acid Sigma-Aldrich
- Precipitated solution added dropwise.
- 100 ml of heavy-metal-contaminated water 1 03 mg of Fe and 1, 06 mg of Ca were added.
- the pH was then neutralized to pH 7 with 0.27 ml of 1 M NaOH. After stirring for 5 minutes, the iron hydroxide flakes which were deposited on the
- the magnetic particles were then re-added to 100 ml of heavy metal-contaminated water after a single wash with water (to prevent acid carryover). Analogous to point c.1) a precipitation and separation was carried out. The recovery of the particles and concentration of the heavy metals was carried out analogously to point c.2). The same acid was used for this, so that it accumulates more heavy metals with each pass. Overall, the procedure was performed three times. It should be noted that in the second pass the pH of the
- Concentration of the heavy metals in acid could be achieved to a high degree. After three cycles, concentrations of 20-58 mg / l were already present in the 10 ml of acid solution, depending on the heavy metal. On average, 70% of the initial quantity could be used per cycle
- the iron hydroxide magnetic particles were stirred for 5 minutes with 100 ml of the heavy metal-contaminated water and then separated magnetically. A sample was taken from the clear water to determine any remaining heavy metal concentrations.
- the magnetic particles can then be re-used in a separate container
- Eisenhydroxidflocken be added (addition of magnetic particles and iron chloride solution to pH 7 buffered water). Subsequently, the particles can be returned to wastewater. This variant has the advantage that no chemicals have to be introduced into the wastewater (no Fe precipitation in the wastewater, but already before). d) Results
Landscapes
- Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012212955.3A DE102012212955A1 (de) | 2012-07-24 | 2012-07-24 | Verfahren zur magnetischen Abtrennung von Fällungsprodukten aus Fluiden mit Hilfe von wiederverwendbaren, superparamagnetischen Kompostpartikeln |
| PCT/EP2013/065018 WO2014016170A1 (de) | 2012-07-24 | 2013-07-16 | Verfahren zur magnetischen abtrennung von fällungsprodukten aus fluiden mit hilfe von wiederverwendbaren, superparamagnetischen kompositpartikeln |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2877289A1 true EP2877289A1 (de) | 2015-06-03 |
Family
ID=48790479
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13736929.4A Withdrawn EP2877289A1 (de) | 2012-07-24 | 2013-07-16 | Verfahren zur magnetischen abtrennung von fällungsprodukten aus fluiden mit hilfe von wiederverwendbaren, superparamagnetischen kompositpartikeln |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2877289A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102012212955A1 (de) |
| HK (1) | HK1210985A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014016170A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013226784A1 (de) | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Leica Microsysteme (Schweiz) AG | Operationsmikroskop |
| CN113289764B (zh) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-07-05 | 中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所 | 一种回收微细粒级钛铁矿选矿方法 |
| CN120698664B (zh) * | 2025-08-20 | 2025-11-21 | 深圳市臻鼎环保科技有限公司 | 基于硫化物除铜的黑孔水处理方法及系统 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK374889D0 (da) | 1989-07-28 | 1989-07-28 | Koege Kemisk Vaerk | Fremgangsmaade til procesovervaagning |
| DE10013670A1 (de) * | 2000-03-20 | 2001-09-27 | Inst Neue Mat Gemein Gmbh | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Komponenten aus flüssigen und gasförmigen Medien mit Nanokompositen |
| DE10153639A1 (de) * | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-22 | Inst Neue Mat Gemein Gmbh | Superparamagnetisches Eisenoxid enthaltende Kompositpartikel |
| DE10160664A1 (de) * | 2001-12-11 | 2003-06-18 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Abwasserreinigung und dazu geeignete, magnetische Adsorbentien |
| DE102008057781A1 (de) * | 2008-11-17 | 2010-05-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Nanopartikel und Verwendungen dazu |
| DE102012201774A1 (de) * | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Magnetisch abtrennbare Mikropartikel mit einer silikatischen Hülle, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie ihre Verwendung |
-
2012
- 2012-07-24 DE DE102012212955.3A patent/DE102012212955A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-07-16 EP EP13736929.4A patent/EP2877289A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-07-16 WO PCT/EP2013/065018 patent/WO2014016170A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2013-07-16 HK HK15111852.7A patent/HK1210985A1/xx unknown
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2014016170A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014016170A1 (de) | 2014-01-30 |
| HK1210985A1 (en) | 2016-05-13 |
| DE102012212955A1 (de) | 2014-01-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE69925903T2 (de) | Wasserbehandlungsmethode | |
| Tahir et al. | Preparation of hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin-graphene/Fe3O4 and its adsorption properties for heavy metals | |
| CA2741778C (en) | Liquid purification using magnetic nanoparticles | |
| Carlos et al. | Applications of magnetite nanoparticles for heavy metal removal from wastewater | |
| DE69810080T2 (de) | Siliciumdioxidadsorbent auf magnetischem träger | |
| Arévalo-Cid et al. | Comparative study of core-shell nanostructures based on amino-functionalized Fe3O4@ SiO2 and CoFe2O4@ SiO2 nanocomposites | |
| EP1328476A1 (de) | Kontakt- und adsorber-granulate | |
| WO2002026631A1 (de) | Kontakt- und adsorber-granulate | |
| DE2810995C2 (de) | Magnetisches Adsorbens und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung | |
| CN101505865A (zh) | 磁性化学吸收剂、其制造方法、再生方法及废液处理方法 | |
| US8337805B1 (en) | Method for preparing magnetite nanoparticles from low-grade iron ore and magnetite nanoparticles prepared by the same | |
| EP2812899B1 (de) | Magnetisch abtrennbare mikropartikel mit einer silikatischen hülle, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung | |
| US20170266670A1 (en) | Liquid purification using magnetic nanoparticles | |
| DE102015118816A1 (de) | Superparamagnetische Plättchen, aufgebaut aus Nanomagnetit-Silica-Komposit-Nadeln, mit optischen Farbeffekten in Dispersion | |
| WO2014016170A1 (de) | Verfahren zur magnetischen abtrennung von fällungsprodukten aus fluiden mit hilfe von wiederverwendbaren, superparamagnetischen kompositpartikeln | |
| Radwan et al. | Magnetic sodium titanate nanotubes for simultaneous recovery of multiple low-level heavy and radioactive metal ions | |
| US11014082B2 (en) | Reusable porous Na(SiAl)O6.xH2O/NiFe2O4 structure for selective removal of heavy metals from waste waters | |
| WO1990005706A1 (de) | Fällmittel oder flockungsmittel zur abwasserbehandlung und verfahren unter verwendung dieser mittel | |
| JP2010022888A (ja) | 水質浄化材料およびそれを用いた水質浄化方法 | |
| Huang et al. | Sedimentation kinetics and stability mechanisms of iron and manganese colloids in simulated groundwater | |
| Fu et al. | Enhanced polystyrene nanoplastic removal by CTAB-modified magnetic biochar: Adsorption performance and mechanisms | |
| Gautam et al. | Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions: kinetics and equilibrium modeling | |
| Nazri et al. | PREPARATION OF EXTRACTED MAGNETITE FROM AN INDUSTRIAL WASTE MILL MODIFIED BY CETYL TRIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE FOR CADMIUM ION REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION | |
| Patel et al. | Synthesis of magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticle through micro emulsion for environmental application | |
| Hattali et al. | Elaboration of new spherical gelled biocomposites based on ferromagnetic nanoparticles and Al-pillared montmorillonite |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20150127 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: DE Ref document number: 1210985 Country of ref document: HK |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20170410 |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
| INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20190807 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20191218 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: WD Ref document number: 1210985 Country of ref document: HK |