EP2875847A1 - Secure device for respiratory protection - Google Patents

Secure device for respiratory protection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2875847A1
EP2875847A1 EP13290293.3A EP13290293A EP2875847A1 EP 2875847 A1 EP2875847 A1 EP 2875847A1 EP 13290293 A EP13290293 A EP 13290293A EP 2875847 A1 EP2875847 A1 EP 2875847A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
filter
gas
chemical reagent
gas filter
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Granted
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EP13290293.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2875847B1 (en
Inventor
Nicolas Clerc
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Naphtachimie SA
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Naphtachimie SA
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Priority to EP13290293.3A priority Critical patent/EP2875847B1/en
Publication of EP2875847A1 publication Critical patent/EP2875847A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/08—Component parts for gas-masks or gas-helmets, e.g. windows, straps, speech transmitters, signal-devices
    • A62B18/088—Devices for indicating filter saturation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/006—Indicators or warning devices, e.g. of low pressure, contamination

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for the filtration of toxic gases using apparatus comprising a filter mass (generally activated carbon) through which flows the gaseous fluid and / or the vapors to be filtered containing the toxic gases.
  • a filter mass generally activated carbon
  • the present invention also relates generally to a method for detecting the saturation state of a filter media of a gas filtration device.
  • the present invention also relates to the module for detecting the saturation state of a filtering mass of a gas filtration device.
  • the present invention has applications in many sectors of the industry, particularly for secure respiratory protection devices including filter cartridges (generally called anti-gas filters) as well as respiratory masks to protect individuals from toxic gases that can contain the atmosphere in which they evolve.
  • filter cartridges generally called anti-gas filters
  • respiratory masks to protect individuals from toxic gases that can contain the atmosphere in which they evolve.
  • filtering devices are either free ventilation when the passage of air through the filter is provided solely because of the respiratory exchange of the user of the device, or assisted ventilation when for example a motorized fan is included in the device (usually worn on the user's belt).
  • assisted ventilation when for example a motorized fan is included in the device (usually worn on the user's belt).
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for assisted ventilation devices.
  • gas filters There are different types of gas filters depending on the nature of the gases or vapors involved. They are usually designated by combined lettering (s) and color banding depending on their affinity for a specific gas and / or a family of gases or vapors.
  • the filter mass which constitutes the gas filters is generally activated carbon. It is through a dual mechanism of absorption, both physical and chemical, that filtration through the filter media operates. A specific surface area of high activated carbon will therefore be sought, which is generally obtained by pyrolysis of carbon-containing material (for example coal or a plant material) followed by oxidation with water vapor, which makes it possible to obtain a structure microporous. A stack of several types of coal is also used. Depending on the type of pollutant, you can also boost the coal by adding chemical reagents to improve its performance.
  • carbon-containing material for example coal or a plant material
  • oxidation with water vapor which makes it possible to obtain a structure microporous.
  • a stack of several types of coal is also used. Depending on the type of pollutant, you can also boost the coal by adding chemical reagents to improve its performance.
  • Cartridges contain an active element, usually a granular absorbent, such as activated carbon that has an extensive network of internal pores up to the size of a contaminant molecule, thus providing a large surface area of contact.
  • the carbon traps the gaseous molecules on its surface, in contact with the contaminant-laden air, as it passes through the adsorbent, until saturation. It may be a physical type of absorption that involves low energy. This is the case with most organic vapors.
  • the activated carbon may be impregnated with a chemical reagent so as to improve its performance as already described above.
  • the various gas filters and therefore in particular the different types of cartridges, are identifiable by a code, usually a color code printed on a label.
  • This code is written on each cartridge and makes it possible to identify the type of protection offered, in particular the degree of protection promised by the manufacturer of said filter (for example by means of denominations 1, 2, 3, and their color). It is therefore essential for end-users to read the labels carefully to ensure that the filter is in line with its use; in other words, it will be necessary to ensure that the filter and its characteristics will protect the user against the types of contaminants they will face.
  • the gas filters are also characterized by a critical parameter called “saturation time”, also called “breakdown time”. This parameter is decisive for knowing the lifetime (that is to say the real time of protection) of the gas filter. It may be measured according to a standard test procedure in which the filter is subjected on a bench at a fixed flow rate of air including a predetermined concentration of test gas; the concentration of this gas downstream of the filter is measured and reported on a graph as described in FIG. figure 1 below attached.
  • the document GB2264870 discloses a device that includes recycling some of the exhaled air into the inspired air based on a maximum allowable C02 content in the mixture: fresh air from the filters and recirculated air offered to a user; the other part is discharged into the atmosphere by a three-way valve system or continuous discharge valves.
  • the main objective of this invention is to extend the theoretical life of the gas filters without improving the control of the service life.
  • the document US6040777 discloses a device and a method for indicating the end of life of an adsorption filter in order to provide for replacement in time. This evaluation is based on methods published by the AIHA, the device used to be preconfigured on the case to be treated before any use.
  • the proposed device is not adapted to the case of mixtures of substances since it evaluates a priori an unwanted variable at the output of the filters from data concerning a single substance and ambient measurements at the entrance of the filters . Even if these measures indicate the sum of the concentrations of substances, this would not ensure the desired operational safety, each substance having a different complex behavior on filters.
  • the implementation of this device / method is not practical.
  • the document US6162281 describes a complex technique that requires a modification of the filters. Its main objective is to anticipate the end of the efficiency of such a filter by making measurements on air taken from several zones of the adsorbent with respect to a measured concentration in the zone of entry, concentration taken as a floating reference for the purpose according to the inventors to compensate the zero drifts of a detector. In addition to the necessary modification of the filters to their construction, such a method can only work if the concentration of substance is moderately stable at the entrance of the filter, which is rarely the case in reality.
  • the document EP838243 describes a method for fixing undesirable substances contained in the air on a support previously impregnated with a substance chosen for its odor and non-harmful properties. The odorant is displaced by undesirable substances to absorb above a certain saturation threshold of the absorbent. The smell perceived by a user allows according to the inventors to determine the end of life of such a support.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to overcome most of the aforementioned drawbacks while providing a practical and effective solution to this problem of detection of the saturation of the gas filter in a secure respiratory protection device.
  • the present invention specifically relates to an individual respiratory protection device comprising an anti-gas filter connected to a mask for protecting the respiratory tract, characterized in that it comprises, downstream of the anti-gas filter, a chemical reagent which makes it possible, by changing color the visual detection of an indication of the saturation state of the gas filter.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for detecting the saturation state of a filtering mass of an individual respiratory protection device comprising an anti-gas filter connected to a respiratory protection mask, characterized in that it includes the visual detection by color change of a chemical reagent positioned in downstream of the gas filter, said color change being an indication of the saturation state of the gas filter.
  • the present invention also relates to a module for detecting the saturation state of a filtering mass of a gas filtration device, characterized in that said module is adaptable to the gas filtration device downstream of the filtering mass and in that it contains a chemical reagent which allows by color change the visual detection of an indication of the saturation state of the gas filtration device.
  • the individual respiratory protection device is assisted ventilation.
  • gas filter may also be used to designate the “gas filter assembly” comprising the filter mass and may also advantageously comprise a gas filter. adaptable belt to the user and / or an engine in the case of assisted ventilation.
  • the individual respiratory protection device also comprises a pipe connecting the anti-gas filter to the protective mask.
  • the chemical indicator indicating the saturation state of the gas filter is preferably positioned between the gas filter and the pipe and / or between the gas filter and the gas filter.
  • pipe and mask preferably directly connected to one end of said pipe. This allows the user (or any other person near the user) to easily view any color change of said reagent.
  • the present invention addresses the problems raised by the prior art while providing many advantages among which may be mentioned as non-limiting examples: the fact that the device is easy to put and can be used on any site, including sites subject to explosion risks (lack of electrical principle and / or combustion operation); the fact that the device does not interfere with ergonomics because there is no addition of weight or significant additional volume (the chemical detector is small, small footprint); the fact that the device is easy to use (it can for example simply screw and its reading is instant according to the color code); the fact that the device has no impact on the airflow of the respiratory assistance, nor loss of autonomy of its ventilator; the fact that the detector module and its installation is inexpensive so that it is possible for any category of personnel to acquire it and to use it as much as it is necessary according to the interventions to be carried out; the fact that one can select the most appropriate chemical reagent for the environment and therefore for the pollutants present during the interventions to be carried out.
  • the filter mass constituting the anti-gas filter is therefore generally activated carbon.
  • a specific surface area of high activated charcoal is generally sought, which is generally obtained by pyrolysis of material containing carbon (for example coal or a plant material) generally followed by oxidation with water vapor, which makes it possible to obtain a microporous structure.
  • material containing carbon for example coal or a plant material
  • a stack of several types of coal can also advantageously be used.
  • the carbon may be impregnated with metal salts, such as nickel chloride for the filtration of ammonia, or with chromium and manganese oxides for the filtration of acid gases, such as hydrochloric acid and / or sulfur dioxide.
  • adsorption energy is high. If the contaminant does not stay on the surface, but penetrates the solid coal or impregnated product and reacts chemically with it, then it is absorption.
  • the adsorbent can also act as a catalyst, such as hopcalite which converts carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. It breaks down and thus detoxifies the contaminant while forming a less harmful product.
  • any suitable chemical reagent may be selected by those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the principle that said chemical reagent reacts with the and / or harmful substances and / or toxic and / or dangerous that cross the gas filter due to the saturation of the filter mass of the latter .
  • the present invention is therefore characterized by the particular application to the individual respiratory protection device of a chemi-colorimetric principle which is otherwise well known in the field of analytical chemistry.
  • the chemical reagent may in fact be composed of two or more chemical reagents allowing differentiated visualization by different staining depending on the corresponding chemi-colorimetric reactions.
  • any suitable protective mask may be selected by those skilled in the art for the device according to the present invention.
  • the half mask, mask, balaclava and / or helmet may be mentioned.
  • Hermetic masks with an inspiratory valve connected to the gas filter and an expiratory valve will be particularly preferred for use in accordance with the present invention.
  • the individual respiratory protection device is therefore assisted ventilation.
  • This assisted ventilation is generally provided by automatic management of the air flow by means of a microprocessor which allows the intervention of the user in very demanding environments.
  • the control system of the device continuously indicates the state of the fan and adjusts the airflow. It generally includes an advanced alarm system that guarantees operational safety as well as a constant visual display of the state of charge of the battery and the flow, with an alarm sound when it is time to recharge and / or that the air flow is insufficient (which can happen when filter clogging).
  • the air flow rate is preferably greater than or equal to 120 l / min available.
  • the present invention is therefore characterized in that the individual respiratory protection device comprises, downstream of the anti-gas filter, a chemical reagent which makes it possible, by color change, to visually detect the state of saturation of said gas filter.
  • FIG. 3 An individual respiratory protection device according to the present invention is thus described by means of the sketch of the present invention.
  • a protective face mask (3) a ventilated self-contained system (2) comprising the anti-gas filter (shown in the figure by two activated carbon cartridges) and a pipe (3) (corrugated) arrival air; it can also be seen in (1) the "detector" module characterizing the present invention, said module being integral with the gas filter (in particular the engine block of the gas filter) and the air supply hose .
  • the detector module (1) of the figure 3 is then detailed using the sketch of the figure 4 .
  • a module of cylindrical shape for example a transparent PVC cylinder screwed between the engine block (1) (for example a ventilated autonomous device of "MAVA" type) and the air supply pipe (for example a flexible corrugated hose of air intake to the wearer of the facial mask).
  • the module is preferably provided at both ends with fine grids (not visible on the sketch) allowing the air to pass; in the embodiment described, the module comprises a double wall containing the chemical reagent (a colorimetric reagent - identified by reference (2) in the sketch) which changes color when it reacts to the presence of toxic gases (for example one or more hydrocarbons).
  • the colorimetric reagent is trapped between the porous grid in contact with the pulsed filtered air and a seal at its upper part.
  • the upper part of the detector is closed by a porous security grid encompassing both the diameter of the preferred passage of the filtered air and the hermetically sealed double wall where the colorimetric reagent is located.
  • the filtered air supply cylinder of the device is listed under reference (3) in the sketch. Finally, the sketch also refers (5) to the direction of flow of air to the wearer.
  • the Figures 5 to 8 Attached are therefore exploded views of an exemplary module according to the present invention as described in detail below.
  • the Figures 5 and 6 correspond to top views of the exploded module; we can see O-rings and a protective grid that covers the entire module before putting up the pipe to the wearer of the mask.
  • the Figures 7 and 8 correspond to views from below of the exploded module; there can be seen O-rings and a protective grid which covers the entire lower part of the module for the entire surface in contact with the reactive crystals. Only the preferential air passage (at the center of the module (1)) remains open and free at the top and bottom.
  • figure 9 represents a photograph of the module whose description has already been given above for the figure 4 . It can thus be seen a module of cylindrical shape (transparent PVC cylinder) screwed to its left on the engine block of the ventilated autonomous device of the gas filter and screwed on its right on the flexible corrugated pipe of air inlet to the wearer of the facial mask.
  • the screw threads of the module have been designed so that they can be inserted into the existing devices without having to make any changes, which obviously represents a considerable advantage of the present invention.
  • the receptacle of the chemical reagent (for example the double wall) is characterized in that its surface of contact with the air passage towards the user is watertight (surface identified by means of the reference (3) in the figure 7 ).
  • the device according to the present invention has thus eliminated any interpretation on a smell felt most often related to the leakage rate of the mask and / or a poor positioning of said mask on the wearer's face.
  • This device according to the present invention is particularly intended to meet the constraint of petrochemical and / or refining sites with the presence of chemicals in the working environment "ACD or CMR", which imposes on the personnel who provide maintenance and production to wear respiratory protection.
  • the invention therefore covers a passive detection device because it does not use an electrical operating principle (such as for example a potential difference / or combustion measurement as for a semiconductor); this allows the module to fulfill the ATEX certification and operational safety requirements, which are essential for explosion risk sites.
  • the module does not affect the ergonomics: there is no addition of additional weight or volume on the existing.
  • the detector module is small, compact and easy to use: it simply screws and reads instantly according to the color code.
  • the module does not generate a change in the flow of the MAVA or loss of autonomy (A and P of the fan).
  • the detector module is inexpensive so that it is possible for any class of personnel to acquire it and use it as much as necessary depending on the interventions to be carried out.
  • the characteristic of colorimetric reagents allows the detection of all pollutants without distinction (HC) once the cartridge is saturated and the chemical passes through it; it is not fixed as can be a filter cartridge manufacturer chart; and it adapts to different product values "binary mode".

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne les dispositifs de filtration de gaz toxiques à l'aide d'appareils comprenant une masse filtrante (en général du charbon actif) au travers duquel s'écoule le fluide gazeux et/ou les vapeurs à filtrer contenant les gaz toxiquesThe present invention relates to devices for filtering toxic gases using apparatus comprising a filtering mass (generally active charcoal) through which the gaseous fluid and / or the vapors to be filtered containing the toxic gases flow.

Description

IntroductionIntroduction

La présente invention concerne les dispositifs de filtration de gaz toxiques à l'aide d'appareils comprenant une masse filtrante (en général du charbon actif) au travers duquel s'écoule le fluide gazeux et/ou les vapeurs à filtrer contenant les gaz toxiques. La présente invention se rapporte également d'une manière générale à un procédé de détection de l'état de saturation d'une masse filtrante d'un dispositif de filtration de gaz. La présente invention concerne également le module de détection de l'état de saturation d'une masse filtrante d'un dispositif de filtration de gaz.The present invention relates to devices for the filtration of toxic gases using apparatus comprising a filter mass (generally activated carbon) through which flows the gaseous fluid and / or the vapors to be filtered containing the toxic gases. The present invention also relates generally to a method for detecting the saturation state of a filter media of a gas filtration device. The present invention also relates to the module for detecting the saturation state of a filtering mass of a gas filtration device.

ContexteContext

La présente invention trouve des applications dans de nombreux secteurs de l'industrie, en particulier pour les dispositifs sécurisés de protection respiratoire comprenant des cartouches filtrantes (généralement appelés filtres anti-gaz) ainsi que des masques respiratoires pour protéger les individus contre les gaz toxiques que peut contenir l'atmosphère dans laquelle ils évoluent.The present invention has applications in many sectors of the industry, particularly for secure respiratory protection devices including filter cartridges (generally called anti-gas filters) as well as respiratory masks to protect individuals from toxic gases that can contain the atmosphere in which they evolve.

Ces dispositifs filtrants sont soit à ventilation libre lorsque le passage de l'air au travers du filtre est assuré uniquement du fait des échanges respiratoires de l'utilisateur du dispositif, soit à ventilation assistée lorsque par exemple un ventilateur motorisé est compris dans le dispositif (porté habituellement à la ceinture de l'utilisateur). La présente invention est particulièrement adaptée aux dispositifs à ventilation assistée.These filtering devices are either free ventilation when the passage of air through the filter is provided solely because of the respiratory exchange of the user of the device, or assisted ventilation when for example a motorized fan is included in the device ( usually worn on the user's belt). The present invention is particularly suitable for assisted ventilation devices.

Il existe différents types de filtres anti-gaz selon la nature des gaz ou vapeurs concernés. Ils sont habituellement désignés par un marquage combiné de lettre(s) et de bande de couleur particulière en fonction de leur affinité pour un gaz spécifique et/ou une famille de gaz ou de vapeurs.There are different types of gas filters depending on the nature of the gases or vapors involved. They are usually designated by combined lettering (s) and color banding depending on their affinity for a specific gas and / or a family of gases or vapors.

La masse filtrante qui constitue les filtres anti-gaz est en général du charbon actif. C'est par un double mécanisme d'absorption, à la fois physique et chimique, que la filtration au travers de la masse filtrante opère. On recherchera donc une surface spécifique de charbon actif élevée ce qui est généralement obtenu par pyrolyse de matière contenant du carbone (par exemple du charbon ou un matériau végétal) suivi par une oxydation à la vapeur d'eau ce qui permet d'obtenir une structure microporeuse. Un empilement de plusieurs types de charbon est également utilisé. En fonction du type de polluant, on peut également doper le charbon par ajout de réactifs chimiques de manière à améliorer ses performances.The filter mass which constitutes the gas filters is generally activated carbon. It is through a dual mechanism of absorption, both physical and chemical, that filtration through the filter media operates. A specific surface area of high activated carbon will therefore be sought, which is generally obtained by pyrolysis of carbon-containing material (for example coal or a plant material) followed by oxidation with water vapor, which makes it possible to obtain a structure microporous. A stack of several types of coal is also used. Depending on the type of pollutant, you can also boost the coal by adding chemical reagents to improve its performance.

Le mécanisme le plus fréquent dans une cartouche pour retirer les gaz et vapeurs de l'air ambiant est l'absorption. Les cartouches contiennent un élément actif, généralement un absorbant en grains, comme le charbon actif qui possède un réseau étendu de pores internes pouvant atteindre la grosseur d'une molécule de contaminant, offrant ainsi une large surface de contact. Le charbon piège les molécules gazeuses à sa surface, au contact de l'air chargé de contaminant, au fur et à mesure de son passage dans l'adsorbant, jusqu'à saturation. Il peut s'agir d'une absorption de type physique qui implique une faible énergie. C'est le cas de la plupart des vapeurs organiques. Pour les gaz et les vapeurs qui sont difficilement adsorbés, le charbon actif peut être imprégné d'un réactif chimique de manière à améliorer ses performances comme déjà décrit ci-dessus.The most common mechanism in a cartridge to remove gases and vapors from the ambient air is absorption. Cartridges contain an active element, usually a granular absorbent, such as activated carbon that has an extensive network of internal pores up to the size of a contaminant molecule, thus providing a large surface area of contact. The carbon traps the gaseous molecules on its surface, in contact with the contaminant-laden air, as it passes through the adsorbent, until saturation. It may be a physical type of absorption that involves low energy. This is the case with most organic vapors. For gases and vapors that are difficult to adsorb, the activated carbon may be impregnated with a chemical reagent so as to improve its performance as already described above.

Les différents filtres anti-gaz, et donc en particulier les différents types de cartouches, sont identifiables grâce à un code, habituellement un code de couleur imprimé sur une étiquette. Ce code est inscrit sur chaque cartouche et permet d'identifier le type de protection offerte, en particulier le degré de protection promis par le fabricant du dit filtre (par exemple au moyen des dénominations 1, 2, 3, et de leur couleur). Il est donc essentiel pour les utilisateurs finaux de lire attentivement les étiquettes pour s'assurer que le filtre est bien en adéquation avec son utilisation ; en d'autres termes, il faudra s'assurer que le filtre et ses caractéristiques permettront bien de protéger son utilisateur par rapport aux types de contaminants auxquels il sera confronté.The various gas filters, and therefore in particular the different types of cartridges, are identifiable by a code, usually a color code printed on a label. This code is written on each cartridge and makes it possible to identify the type of protection offered, in particular the degree of protection promised by the manufacturer of said filter (for example by means of denominations 1, 2, 3, and their color). It is therefore essential for end-users to read the labels carefully to ensure that the filter is in line with its use; in other words, it will be necessary to ensure that the filter and its characteristics will protect the user against the types of contaminants they will face.

Les filtres anti-gaz sont aussi caractérisés par un paramètre critique dit de « temps de saturation », également appelé « temps de claquage ». Ce paramètre est déterminant pour connaitre la durée de vie (c'est-à-dire le temps réel de protection) du filtre anti-gaz. Il peut être mesuré en fonction d'une procédure d'essai normalisé selon laquelle le filtre est soumis sur un banc a un débit fixe d'air comprenant une concentration prédéterminée de gaz d'essai ; la concentration de ce gaz en aval du filtre est mesurée et reportée sur un graphe comme décrit dans la figure 1 ci-attachée.The gas filters are also characterized by a critical parameter called "saturation time", also called "breakdown time". This parameter is decisive for knowing the lifetime (that is to say the real time of protection) of the gas filter. It may be measured according to a standard test procedure in which the filter is subjected on a bench at a fixed flow rate of air including a predetermined concentration of test gas; the concentration of this gas downstream of the filter is measured and reported on a graph as described in FIG. figure 1 below attached.

On peut apercevoir sur la courbe correspondante le temps de claquage. Quand le balayage de la cartouche par contaminant atteint le seuil de saturation, le filtre anti-gaz laisse passer les polluants et devient donc inopérant.We can see on the corresponding curve the breakdown time. When the sweep of the contaminant cartridge reaches the saturation threshold, the gas filter passes the pollutants and becomes inoperative.

Quand le filtre anti-gaz est soumis à un mélange de contaminants, tous les contaminants s'absorbent simultanément à la surface du charbon. Lorsqu'il ne reste plus de place au sein de la masse filtrante, le contaminant/solvant le plus volatil claque la cartouche, c'est-à-dire la rend inopérante. Le contaminant/solvant le moins volatil, ne trouvant plus de place pour s'adsorber à la surface du charbon actif, expulse le plus volatil. La concentration du solvant volatil désorbé s'additionne à la concentration du même contaminant provenant de l'air ambiant, qui traverse maintenant la cartouche saturée. Le total des deux fait que la concentration de contaminants à l'intérieur du masque devient plus élevée que dans l'air ambiant. Ce phénomène est représenté à la figure 2 ci-attachée pour un mélange de styrène et d'acétone.When the gas filter is subjected to a mixture of contaminants, all the contaminants are absorbed simultaneously on the surface of the coal. When there is no space left in the filter mass, the most volatile contaminant / solvent slams the cartridge, that is, makes it inoperative. The least volatile contaminant / solvent, no longer finding room to adsorb to the surface of the activated carbon, expels the most volatile. The concentration of the desorbed volatile solvent is added to the concentration of the same contaminant from the ambient air, which now passes through the saturated cartridge. The sum of the two causes the concentration of contaminants inside the mask to become higher than in the ambient air. This phenomenon is represented at figure 2 attached for a mixture of styrene and acetone.

Ce phénomène lié à une utilisation du filtre anti-gaz en dans un environnement de mélange de contaminants (ce qui est généralement le cas) rend donc encore plus aléatoire la durée de vie du filtre et donc son temps d'utilisation.This phenomenon linked to the use of the gas filter in a contaminant mixing environment (which is generally the case) thus makes the filter life and therefore its usage time even more uncertain.

Dans l'état actuel de la technique, il n'existe pas de dispositif pratique et fiable capable de détecter la saturation d'un filtre anti-gaz. De plus, la détection d'un gaz dans le masque (ou toute autre pièce faciale adéquate équivalente) par l'odorat est dangereuse dans la mesure où

  • les seuils de détection olfactive sont souvent supérieurs aux valeurs limites de concentrations admissibles,
  • les seuils olfactifs peuvent dépendre d'une personne à l'autre,
  • tous les gaz toxiques ne sont pas odorants.
In the current state of the art, there is no practical and reliable device capable of detecting the saturation of a gas filter. In addition, the detection of a gas in the mask (or any other equivalent adequate facial part) by smell is dangerous to the extent that
  • the olfactory detection thresholds are often higher than the permissible limit values,
  • the olfactory thresholds may depend on one person to another,
  • all toxic gases are not odorous.

Art antérieurPrior art

L'art antérieur a déjà proposé des solutions dans le but de mieux contrôler les performances des filtres anti-gaz et prévenir les utilisateurs en cas de saturation.The prior art has already proposed solutions in order to better control the performance of gas filters and warn users in case of saturation.

Le document GB2264870 décrit un dispositif qui comporte un recyclage d'une partie de l'air exhalé dans l'air inspiré en fonction d'une teneur maximum autorisée en C02 dans le mélange : air neuf provenant des filtres et air recyclé, proposé à un utilisateur ; l'autre partie est rejetée à l'atmosphère par un système de vanne à trois voies ou de valves de décharge continue. L'objectif principal de cette invention est de prolonger la durée de vie théorique des filtres anti-gaz sans en améliorer le contrôle de la durée de vie.The document GB2264870 discloses a device that includes recycling some of the exhaled air into the inspired air based on a maximum allowable C02 content in the mixture: fresh air from the filters and recirculated air offered to a user; the other part is discharged into the atmosphere by a three-way valve system or continuous discharge valves. The main objective of this invention is to extend the theoretical life of the gas filters without improving the control of the service life.

Le document US6040777 décrit un dispositif et un procédé pour indiquer la fin de vie d'un filtre d'adsorption afin d'en prévoir à temps le remplacement. Cette évaluation est basée sur des méthodes publiées par l'AIHA, le dispositif utilisé devant être préconfiguré sur le cas à traiter avant toute utilisation. Le dispositif proposé n'est pas adapté au cas de mélanges de substances puisqu'il évalue à priori une variable non désirée à la sortie des filtres à partir de données concernant une seule substance et des mesures d'ambiance pratiquées à l'entrée des filtres. Même dans l'hypothèse où ces mesures indiqueraient la somme des concentrations en substances, cela n'assurerait pas la sûreté de fonctionnement recherchée, chaque substance ayant un comportement complexe différent sur des filtres. De plus, la mise en oeuvre de ce dispositif/procédé n'est pas pratique.The document US6040777 discloses a device and a method for indicating the end of life of an adsorption filter in order to provide for replacement in time. This evaluation is based on methods published by the AIHA, the device used to be preconfigured on the case to be treated before any use. The proposed device is not adapted to the case of mixtures of substances since it evaluates a priori an unwanted variable at the output of the filters from data concerning a single substance and ambient measurements at the entrance of the filters . Even if these measures indicate the sum of the concentrations of substances, this would not ensure the desired operational safety, each substance having a different complex behavior on filters. In addition, the implementation of this device / method is not practical.

Le document US6162281 décrit une technique complexe qui nécessite une modification des filtres. Son objectif principal est d'anticiper la fin de l'efficacité d'un tel filtre en pratiquant des mesures sur de l'air prélevé en plusieurs zones de l'adsorbant par rapport à une concentration mesurée dans la zone d'entrée, concentration prise comme référence flottante dans le but selon les inventeurs de compenser les dérives de zéro d'un détecteur. Outre la nécessaire modification des filtres à leur construction, une telle méthode ne peut fonctionner que si la concentration en substance est moyennement stable à l'entrée du filtre, ce qui est rarement le cas dans la réalité. Le document EP838243 décrit un procédé pour fixer des substances indésirables contenues dans l'air sur un support préalablement imprégné d'une substance choisie pour ses propriétés odorantes et non nocives. La substance odorante est déplacée par les substances indésirables à absorber au-dessus d'un certain seuil de saturation de l'absorbant. L'odeur perçue par un utilisateur permet selon les inventeurs de déterminer la fin de vie d'un tel support.The document US6162281 describes a complex technique that requires a modification of the filters. Its main objective is to anticipate the end of the efficiency of such a filter by making measurements on air taken from several zones of the adsorbent with respect to a measured concentration in the zone of entry, concentration taken as a floating reference for the purpose according to the inventors to compensate the zero drifts of a detector. In addition to the necessary modification of the filters to their construction, such a method can only work if the concentration of substance is moderately stable at the entrance of the filter, which is rarely the case in reality. The document EP838243 describes a method for fixing undesirable substances contained in the air on a support previously impregnated with a substance chosen for its odor and non-harmful properties. The odorant is displaced by undesirable substances to absorb above a certain saturation threshold of the absorbent. The smell perceived by a user allows according to the inventors to determine the end of life of such a support.

Il est bien entendu possible d'utiliser un détecteur du type analyseur de laboratoire tel qu'un chromatographe en phase gazeuse ou d'autres systèmes complexes et onéreux mais ceci n'est pas imaginable pour les dispositifs de notre invention. Des capteurs miniaturisés ont également été proposés ; toutefois, comme ces capteurs (mesure de différence de potentiel ; semi-conducteur) sont généralement basés sur un principe de fonctionnement électrique, ils ne conviennent pas pour les sites industriels ou le risque d'explosion existe.It is of course possible to use a laboratory analyzer type detector such as a gas chromatograph or other complex and expensive systems but this is not conceivable for the devices of our invention. Miniaturized sensors have also been proposed; however, as these sensors (potential difference measurement, semiconductor) are generally based on an electrical operating principle, they are not suitable for industrial sites where the risk of explosion exists.

Le but de la présente invention est donc de remédier à la majorité des inconvénients susmentionnés tout en apportant une solution pratique et efficace à ce problème de détection de la saturation du filtre anti-gaz dans un dispositif sécurisé de protection respiratoire.The object of the present invention is therefore to overcome most of the aforementioned drawbacks while providing a practical and effective solution to this problem of detection of the saturation of the gas filter in a secure respiratory protection device.

InventionInvention

La présente invention a précisément pour objet un dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire comprenant un filtre anti-gaz relié à un masque de protection des voies respiratoires caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en aval du filtre anti-gaz un réactif chimique qui permet par changement de couleur la détection visuelle d'une indication de l'état de saturation du filtre anti-gaz.The present invention specifically relates to an individual respiratory protection device comprising an anti-gas filter connected to a mask for protecting the respiratory tract, characterized in that it comprises, downstream of the anti-gas filter, a chemical reagent which makes it possible, by changing color the visual detection of an indication of the saturation state of the gas filter.

La présente invention se rapporte également à un procédé de détection de l'état de saturation d'une masse filtrante d'un dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire comprenant un filtre anti-gaz relié à un masque de protection des voies respiratoires caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend la détection visuelle par changement de couleur d'un réactif chimique positionné en aval du filtre anti-gaz, le dit changement de couleur étant une indication de l'état de saturation du filtre anti-gaz.The present invention also relates to a method for detecting the saturation state of a filtering mass of an individual respiratory protection device comprising an anti-gas filter connected to a respiratory protection mask, characterized in that it includes the visual detection by color change of a chemical reagent positioned in downstream of the gas filter, said color change being an indication of the saturation state of the gas filter.

La présente invention concerne également un module de détection de l'état de saturation d'une masse filtrante d'un dispositif de filtration de gaz caractérisé en ce que le dit module est adaptable au dispositif de filtration de gaz en aval de la masse filtrante et en ce qu'il contient un réactif chimique qui permet par changement de couleur la détection visuelle d'une indication de l'état de saturation du dispositif de filtration de gaz.The present invention also relates to a module for detecting the saturation state of a filtering mass of a gas filtration device, characterized in that said module is adaptable to the gas filtration device downstream of the filtering mass and in that it contains a chemical reagent which allows by color change the visual detection of an indication of the saturation state of the gas filtration device.

L'invention, avec ses caractéristiques et avantages, ressortira plus clairement à la lecture de la description faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 3 ci-attachée représente un mode d'exécution particulier de la présente invention. On peut y apercevoir un dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire conforme à la présente invention.
  • La figure 4 ci-attachée représente un schéma détaillé de la partie caractérisante de la présente invention, à savoir le module (tel que défini en détail ci-après) réceptacle du réactif chimique.
  • Les figures 5 à 8 annexées représentent des vues éclatées d'un exemple de module conforme à la présente invention tel que décrit de manière détaillée ci-après.
  • La figure 9 annexée représente une photographie du module.
The invention, with its features and advantages, will emerge more clearly on reading the description given with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • The figure 3 attached hereto represents a particular embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen an individual respiratory protection device according to the present invention.
  • The figure 4 attached hereto represents a detailed diagram of the characterizing part of the present invention, namely the module (as defined in detail hereinafter) receptacle of the chemical reagent.
  • The Figures 5 to 8 Attached are exploded views of an exemplary module according to the present invention as described in detail hereinafter.
  • The figure 9 attached represents a photograph of the module.

Selon une variante de réalisation préférée de la présente invention, le dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire est à ventilation assistée. Afin de faciliter la compréhension de la présente description, il apparaitra évident ci-après que le terme « filtre anti-gaz » peut aussi être utilisé pour désigner l'« ensemble filtre anti-gaz » comprenant la masse filtrante et pouvant également avantageusement comprendre une ceinture adaptable à l'utilisateur et/ou un moteur en cas de ventilation assistée.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the individual respiratory protection device is assisted ventilation. In order to facilitate the understanding of the present description, it will become apparent hereinafter that the term "gas filter" may also be used to designate the "gas filter assembly" comprising the filter mass and may also advantageously comprise a gas filter. adaptable belt to the user and / or an engine in the case of assisted ventilation.

Selon un mode d'exécution préféré de la présente invention, le dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire comprend également un tuyau reliant le filtre anti-gaz au masque de protection. Comme décrit ci-après dans un mode d'exécution particulier de la présente invention, le réactif chimique indicateur d'état de la saturation du filtre anti-gaz est de préférence positionné entre le filtre anti-gaz et le tuyau et/ou entre le tuyau et le masque, de préférence directement connecté à une des extrémités du dit tuyau. Ceci permet à l'utilisateur (ou à toute autre personne située à proximité de l'utilisateur) de visualiser facilement tout changement de couleur du dit réactif.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the individual respiratory protection device also comprises a pipe connecting the anti-gas filter to the protective mask. As will be described hereinafter in a particular embodiment of the present invention, the chemical indicator indicating the saturation state of the gas filter is preferably positioned between the gas filter and the pipe and / or between the gas filter and the gas filter. pipe and mask, preferably directly connected to one end of said pipe. This allows the user (or any other person near the user) to easily view any color change of said reagent.

Comme expliqué ci-après dans la description, la présente invention répond aux problèmes soulevés de l'art antérieur tout en y apportant de nombreux avantages parmi lesquels on peut citer à titre d'exemples non limitatifs : le fait que le dispositif soit facile à mettre en oeuvre et puisse être utilisé sur tout site, y compris les sites sujets à des risques d'explosion (absence de principe électrique et/ou de combustion de fonctionnement) ; le fait que le dispositif ne nuise pas à l'ergonomie car il n'y a pas de rajout de poids, ni de volume important supplémentaire (le détecteur chimique est petit, de faible encombrement) ; le fait que le dispositif soit facile d'utilisation (il peut par exemple se visser simplement et sa lecture est instantanée suivant le code couleur) ; le fait que le dispositif n'ait pas d'impact sur le débit d'air de l'assistance respiratoire, ni de perte d'autonomie de son ventilateur ; le fait que le module détecteur et son installation soit peu coûteux de manière qu'il soit possible par toute catégorie de personnel de s'en doter et de l'utiliser autant qu'il est nécessaire en fonction des interventions à réaliser; le fait qu'on puisse sélectionner le réactif chimique le plus approprié à l'environnement et donc aux polluants présents lors des interventions à réaliser.As explained below in the description, the present invention addresses the problems raised by the prior art while providing many advantages among which may be mentioned as non-limiting examples: the fact that the device is easy to put and can be used on any site, including sites subject to explosion risks (lack of electrical principle and / or combustion operation); the fact that the device does not interfere with ergonomics because there is no addition of weight or significant additional volume (the chemical detector is small, small footprint); the fact that the device is easy to use (it can for example simply screw and its reading is instant according to the color code); the fact that the device has no impact on the airflow of the respiratory assistance, nor loss of autonomy of its ventilator; the fact that the detector module and its installation is inexpensive so that it is possible for any category of personnel to acquire it and to use it as much as it is necessary according to the interventions to be carried out; the fact that one can select the most appropriate chemical reagent for the environment and therefore for the pollutants present during the interventions to be carried out.

La masse filtrante constituant le filtre anti-gaz est donc en général du charbon actif. On recherchera de préférence une surface spécifique de charbon actif élevée ce qui est généralement obtenu par pyrolyse de matière contenant du carbone (par exemple du charbon ou un matériau végétal) suivi généralement par une oxydation à la vapeur d'eau ce qui permet d'obtenir une structure microporeuse. Un empilement de plusieurs types de charbon peut également avantageusement être utilisé. En fonction du type de polluant, on peut également doper le charbon par ajout de réactifs chimiques de manière à améliorer ses performances. Par exemple, le charbon peut être imprégné de sels métalliques, comme le chlorure de nickel pour la filtration de l'ammoniac, ou d'oxydes de chrome et de manganèse pour la filtration des gaz acides, tels que l'acide chlorhydrique et/ou le dioxyde de soufre. Dans ces cas, il s'agit donc d'une adsorption de type chimique dans laquelle l'énergie d'adsorption est élevée. Si le contaminant ne reste pas à la surface, mais qu'il pénètre le charbon solide ou le produit imprégné et réagit chimiquement avec ce dernier, il s'agit alors d'absorption. L'adsorbant peut aussi agir comme catalyseur, tel l'hopcalite qui convertit le monoxyde de carbone en dioxyde de carbone. Il décompose et détoxique ainsi le contaminant tout en formant un produit moins nocif.The filter mass constituting the anti-gas filter is therefore generally activated carbon. A specific surface area of high activated charcoal is generally sought, which is generally obtained by pyrolysis of material containing carbon (for example coal or a plant material) generally followed by oxidation with water vapor, which makes it possible to obtain a microporous structure. A stack of several types of coal can also advantageously be used. Depending on the type of pollutant, you can also boost the coal by adding chemical reagents to improve its performance. For example, the carbon may be impregnated with metal salts, such as nickel chloride for the filtration of ammonia, or with chromium and manganese oxides for the filtration of acid gases, such as hydrochloric acid and / or sulfur dioxide. In these cases, it is therefore a chemical type adsorption in which the adsorption energy is high. If the contaminant does not stay on the surface, but penetrates the solid coal or impregnated product and reacts chemically with it, then it is absorption. The adsorbent can also act as a catalyst, such as hopcalite which converts carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. It breaks down and thus detoxifies the contaminant while forming a less harmful product.

Tout réactif chimique approprié pourra être sélectionné par l'homme de l'art. La présente invention est donc basée sur le principe que le dit réactif chimique réagit avec la et/ou les substances nocives et/ou toxiques et/ou dangereuses qui franchissent le filtre anti-gaz en raison de la saturation de la masse filtrante de ce dernier. En d'autres termes, la présente invention est donc caractérisée par l'application particulière au dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire d'un principe chimico-colorimétrique qui est par ailleurs bien connu dans le domaine de la chimie analytique. Il est également évident que le réactif chimique peut en fait être composé de deux ou plusieurs réactifs chimiques permettant une visualisation différentiées grâce à des colorations différentes en fonction des réactions chimico-colorimétriques correspondantes. On pourra ainsi utiliser des mélanges de réactifs chimiques - ou même synthétiser de nouveaux réactifs chimiques particulièrement adaptés au type d'environnement (généralement complexe) dans lequel l'utilisateur du dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire évolue. A titre illustratif de réactifs chimiques pouvant être utilisés dans le cadre de la présente invention, on peut citer les réactifs de la société RAE ou de la société Dräger, en particulier les réactifs se trouvant dans les tubes en verre réactif vendus par ces sociétés.Any suitable chemical reagent may be selected by those skilled in the art. The present invention is therefore based on the principle that said chemical reagent reacts with the and / or harmful substances and / or toxic and / or dangerous that cross the gas filter due to the saturation of the filter mass of the latter . In other words, the present invention is therefore characterized by the particular application to the individual respiratory protection device of a chemi-colorimetric principle which is otherwise well known in the field of analytical chemistry. It is also obvious that the chemical reagent may in fact be composed of two or more chemical reagents allowing differentiated visualization by different staining depending on the corresponding chemi-colorimetric reactions. It will thus be possible to use mixtures of chemical reagents - or even to synthesize new chemical reagents that are particularly adapted to the type of environment (generally complex) in which the user of the individual respiratory protection device evolves. By way of illustration of chemical reagents that may be used in the context of the present invention, mention may be made of the reagents of the company RAE or of the company Dräger, in particular the reagents found in the reactive glass tubes sold by these companies.

Tout masque de protection approprié pourra être sélectionné par l'homme de l'art pour le dispositif selon la présente invention. On pourra citer à titre d'illustration les demi-masque, masque, cagoule et/ou casque. Les masques étanches munis d'une soupape inspiratoire reliée au filtre anti-gaz et d'une soupape expiratoire seront particulièrement privilégiés pour une utilisation conforme à la présente invention.Any suitable protective mask may be selected by those skilled in the art for the device according to the present invention. As an illustration, the half mask, mask, balaclava and / or helmet may be mentioned. Hermetic masks with an inspiratory valve connected to the gas filter and an expiratory valve will be particularly preferred for use in accordance with the present invention.

Selon une variante de réalisation préférée de la présente invention, le dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire est donc à ventilation assistée. Cette ventilation assistée est généralement fournie par gestion automatique du débit d'air au moyen d'un microprocesseur ce qui permet l'intervention de l'utilisateur dans des milieux très exigeants. Le système de contrôle du dispositif indique continuellement l'état du ventilateur et ajuste le débit d'air. Il comprend en général un système d'alarme perfectionné qui en garantit la sécurité opérationnelle ainsi qu'un affichage visuel constant de l'état de charge de la batterie et du débit, avec déclenchement d'une alarme sonore lorsqu'il est temps de les recharger et/ou que le débit d'air est insuffisant (ce qui peut arriver lors du colmatage du filtre). Le débit d'air est de préférence supérieur ou égal à 120 l/min disponible.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the individual respiratory protection device is therefore assisted ventilation. This assisted ventilation is generally provided by automatic management of the air flow by means of a microprocessor which allows the intervention of the user in very demanding environments. The control system of the device continuously indicates the state of the fan and adjusts the airflow. It generally includes an advanced alarm system that guarantees operational safety as well as a constant visual display of the state of charge of the battery and the flow, with an alarm sound when it is time to recharge and / or that the air flow is insufficient (which can happen when filter clogging). The air flow rate is preferably greater than or equal to 120 l / min available.

La présente invention est donc caractérisée en ce que le dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire comprend en aval du filtre anti-gaz un réactif chimique qui permet par changement de couleur la détection visuelle de l'état de la saturation du dit filtre anti-gaz. Grâce à cet enseignement et aux explications qui suivent, l'homme de l'art saura adapter les dispositifs de protection respiratoires existants et/ou construire de nouveaux dispositifs intégrant le principe de la présente invention.The present invention is therefore characterized in that the individual respiratory protection device comprises, downstream of the anti-gas filter, a chemical reagent which makes it possible, by color change, to visually detect the state of saturation of said gas filter. With this teaching and the explanations that follow, those skilled in the art will adapt the existing respiratory protection devices and / or build new devices incorporating the principle of the present invention.

Selon un mode d'exécution préféré de la présente invention, le réactif chimique est intégré dans un module ; ce module est avantageusement solidaire du dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire, de préférence solidaire du tuyau respiratoire. Cette solidarité avec le dispositif, et en particulier avec le tuyau respiratoire, représente un avantage important de la présente invention car elle permet une adaptation du dit module avec les embouts et/ou joints existants du dispositif. Afin de faciliter la compréhension de la présente description, il apparaitra évident ci-après que le terme « module » peut aussi être utilisé pour désigner l'« ensemble module » comprenant le réactif chimique de détection et pouvant également avantageusement comprendre les raccords adaptables au dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire. Ainsi, selon une variante de réalisation préférée de la présente invention, le module qui contient le réactif chimique possède une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :

  • il possède un dispositif d'adaptation à ses deux extrémités qui permet de facilement le raccorder au dispositif de protection (par exemple un pas de vis standard) ;
  • il est de forme cylindrique ;
  • il comprend une matière au moins partiellement transparente (de préférence totalement transparente pour sa partie périphérique visible comprenant le réactif) de manière à pouvoir visualiser facilement le changement de couleur du réactif chimique qu'il contient ;
  • le module est traversé par au moins 30% en volume, de préférence au moins 50%, au moins 75%, par exemple 100% du gaz provenant du filtre anti-gaz;
  • le réactif chimique occupe moins de 75%, moins de 50%, par exemple moins de 30 % du volume du module ;
  • le poids du module est inférieur à 500 grammes, de préférence moins de 200 grammes ;
  • le volume du module est inférieur à 50 cc, par exemple inférieur à 30 cc ;
  • il comprend un compartiment dans lequel le réactif chimique est piégé (pour éviter que le réactif chimique ne s'introduise dans le masque), par exemple une double paroi;
  • il induit une perte de charge du dispositif inférieure à 20 %, par exemple inférieure à 10% (un avantage du dispositif selon la présente invention réside dans le fait que la dite perte de charge sera automatiquement compensée par le microprocesseur qui ajuste le débit d'air du dispositif permettant ainsi de satisfaire aux besoins des utilisateurs en toutes conditions).
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chemical reagent is integrated in a module; this module is advantageously integral with the individual respiratory protection device, preferably secured to the breathing tube. This solidarity with the device, and in particular with the breathing tube, represents an important advantage of the present invention because it allows an adaptation of said module with the existing tips and / or joints of the device. In order to facilitate the understanding of the present description, it will become apparent hereinafter that the term "module" can also be used to designate the "module assembly" comprising the chemical detection reagent and that can also advantageously comprise the couplings adaptable to the device. individual respiratory protection. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the module that contains the chemical reagent has one or more of the following characteristics:
  • it has an adaptation device at both ends which makes it easy to connect it to the protection device (for example a standard thread);
  • it is cylindrical in shape;
  • it comprises an at least partially transparent material (preferably completely transparent for its visible peripheral part comprising the reagent) so as to be able to easily visualize the color change of the chemical reagent it contains;
  • the module is traversed by at least 30% by volume, preferably at least 50%, at least 75%, for example 100% of the gas coming from the anti-gas filter;
  • the chemical reagent occupies less than 75%, less than 50%, for example less than 30% of the volume of the module;
  • the weight of the module is less than 500 grams, preferably less than 200 grams;
  • the volume of the module is less than 50 cc, for example less than 30 cc;
  • it comprises a compartment in which the chemical reagent is trapped (to prevent the chemical reagent from entering the mask), for example a double wall;
  • it induces a pressure drop of the device less than 20%, for example less than 10% (an advantage of the device according to the present invention lies in the fact that said pressure drop will be automatically compensated by the microprocessor which adjusts the flow rate of air of the device thus making it possible to satisfy the needs of users in all conditions).

La présente invention sera à présent décrite à l'aide d'un mode de réalisation particulier qui servira d'exemple particulier. Chaque caractéristique mentionnée dans cet exemple pourra très bien faire l'objet d'une caractéristique individuelle particulière de la présente invention sans que cette caractéristique ne doive être combinée avec l'une ou l'autre des autres caractéristiques décrites.The present invention will now be described with the aid of a particular embodiment which will serve as a particular example. Each feature mentioned in this example may very well be the subject of a particular individual feature of the present invention without this feature being combined with any of the other features described.

Ce mode de réalisation est décrit ci-après et supporté par les schémas de principe des figures 3 à 9 annexées.This embodiment is described below and supported by the schematic diagrams of Figures 3 to 9 attached.

Un dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire conforme à la présente invention est donc décrit au moyen du croquis de la figure 3. On peut y apercevoir un masque facial de protection (3), un système autonome ventilé (2) comprenant le filtre anti-gaz (représenté dans la figure par deux cartouches à charbon actif) et un tuyau (3) (annelé) d'arrivée d'air; on peut également y apercevoir en (1) le module « détecteur» caractérisant la présente invention, le dit module étant solidaire du filtre anti-gaz (en particulier du bloc moteur du filtre anti-gaz) et du tuyau souple d'alimentation en air.An individual respiratory protection device according to the present invention is thus described by means of the sketch of the present invention. figure 3 . It can be seen a protective face mask (3), a ventilated self-contained system (2) comprising the anti-gas filter (shown in the figure by two activated carbon cartridges) and a pipe (3) (corrugated) arrival air; it can also be seen in (1) the "detector" module characterizing the present invention, said module being integral with the gas filter (in particular the engine block of the gas filter) and the air supply hose .

Le module « détecteur» (1) de la figure 3 est ensuite détaillé au moyen du croquis de la figure 4. On peut apercevoir dans la figure 4 un module de forme cylindrique - par exemple un cylindre en PVC transparent vissé entre le bloc moteur (1) (par exemple un dispositif autonome ventilé de type « MAVA») et le tuyau d'alimentation en air (par exemple un tuyau annelé souple d'arrivée d'air au porteur du masque facial). Le module est de préférence muni à ses deux extrémités de grilles fines (non visibles sur le croquis) permettant à l'air de passer ; dans la variante de réalisation décrite, le module comprend une double paroi contenant le réactif chimique (un réactif colorimétrique - identifie au moyen de la référence (2) dans le croquis) qui change de couleur lorsqu'il réagit à la présence de gaz toxiques (par exemple un ou plusieurs hydrocarbures). Il n'y a donc pas de contact des cristaux colorimétriques avec l'air respirable pulsé du moteur jusqu'à l'utilisateur; en effet, le réactif colorimétrique est piégé entre la grille poreuse en contact avec l'air filtré pulsé et un joint d'étanchéité en sa partie supérieure. La partie supérieure du détecteur est fermée par une grille poreuse de sécurité englobant à la fois le diamètre du passage préférentiel de l'air filtré et la double paroi hermétiquement étanche où se trouve le réactif colorimétrique. Le cylindre d'amenée d'air filtré au porteur du dispositif est repris sous la référence (3) dans le croquis. Enfin, le croquis fait également référence (5) au sens d'écoulement de l'air jusqu'au porteur.The detector module (1) of the figure 3 is then detailed using the sketch of the figure 4 . We can see in the figure 4 a module of cylindrical shape - for example a transparent PVC cylinder screwed between the engine block (1) (for example a ventilated autonomous device of "MAVA" type) and the air supply pipe (for example a flexible corrugated hose of air intake to the wearer of the facial mask). The module is preferably provided at both ends with fine grids (not visible on the sketch) allowing the air to pass; in the embodiment described, the module comprises a double wall containing the chemical reagent (a colorimetric reagent - identified by reference (2) in the sketch) which changes color when it reacts to the presence of toxic gases ( for example one or more hydrocarbons). There is therefore no contact of the colorimetric crystals with the breathable air pulsed from the engine to the user; in fact, the colorimetric reagent is trapped between the porous grid in contact with the pulsed filtered air and a seal at its upper part. The upper part of the detector is closed by a porous security grid encompassing both the diameter of the preferred passage of the filtered air and the hermetically sealed double wall where the colorimetric reagent is located. The filtered air supply cylinder of the device is listed under reference (3) in the sketch. Finally, the sketch also refers (5) to the direction of flow of air to the wearer.

Les figures 5 à 8 annexées représentent donc des vues éclatées d'un exemple de module conforme à la présente invention tel que décrit de manière détaillée ci-après. Les figures 5 et 6 correspondent à des vues du dessus du module éclaté ; on peut y apercevoir des joints toriques ainsi qu'une grille de protection qui coiffe l'ensemble du module avant mise én place du tuyau jusqu'au porteur du masque. Les figures 7 et 8 correspondent à des vues du dessous du module éclaté ; on peut y apercevoir des joints toriques ainsi qu'une grille de protection qui coiffe l'ensemble de-la-partie basse du module pour toute la surface en contact avec les cristaux réactifs. Seul le passage préférentiel d'air (au centre du module (1)) reste ouvert et libre en partie haute et basse. Dans la figure 7, on peut apercevoir (car on a colorié de manière distinctive ces 3 zones) la zone de contact avec l'air filtré et les cristaux (2), le tube fixé étanche (3) sur la grille en partie basse et le passage canalisé préférentiel de l'air (1) depuis la filtration jusqu'au porteur via le masque.The Figures 5 to 8 Attached are therefore exploded views of an exemplary module according to the present invention as described in detail below. The Figures 5 and 6 correspond to top views of the exploded module; we can see O-rings and a protective grid that covers the entire module before putting up the pipe to the wearer of the mask. The Figures 7 and 8 correspond to views from below of the exploded module; there can be seen O-rings and a protective grid which covers the entire lower part of the module for the entire surface in contact with the reactive crystals. Only the preferential air passage (at the center of the module (1)) remains open and free at the top and bottom. In the figure 7 the zone of contact with the filtered air and the crystals (2), the sealed tube (3) on the grid at the bottom and the preferential canalized passage can be seen (because these 3 zones have been colored in a distinctive way). air (1) from the filtration to the carrier via the mask.

Enfin, la figure 9 représente une photographie du module dont la description a déjà été donnée ci-dessus pour la figure 4. On peut donc y apercevoir un module de forme cylindrique (cylindre en PVC transparent) vissé à sa gauche sur le bloc moteur du dispositif autonome ventilé du filtre anti-gaz et vissé à sa droite sur le tuyau annelé souple d'arrivée d'air au porteur du masque facial. Dans cette configuration, les pas de vis du module ont été conçus de manière à ce qu'ils puissent être insérés dans les dispositifs existants sans devoir y apporter la moindre modification, ce qui représente bien évidemment un avantage considérable de la présente invention.Finally, figure 9 represents a photograph of the module whose description has already been given above for the figure 4 . It can thus be seen a module of cylindrical shape (transparent PVC cylinder) screwed to its left on the engine block of the ventilated autonomous device of the gas filter and screwed on its right on the flexible corrugated pipe of air inlet to the wearer of the facial mask. In this configuration, the screw threads of the module have been designed so that they can be inserted into the existing devices without having to make any changes, which obviously represents a considerable advantage of the present invention.

Dans une variante de réalisation de la présente invention, le réceptacle du réactif chimique (par exemple la double paroi) est caractérisé en ce que sa surface de contact avec le passage d'air vers l'utilisateur est étanche (surface identifiée au moyen de la référence (3) dans la figure 7). Cela permet en addition des avantages de la présente invention d'éviter que des produits de la réaction entre le réactif chimique et la et/ou les substances nocives et/ou toxiques et/ou dangereuses ne pénètrent dans le passage d'air vers l'utilisateur.In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the receptacle of the chemical reagent (for example the double wall) is characterized in that its surface of contact with the air passage towards the user is watertight (surface identified by means of the reference (3) in the figure 7 ). This allows in addition to the advantages of the present invention to prevent products of the reaction between the chemical reagent and the and / or harmful and / or toxic and / or dangerous substances from entering the air passage to the user.

On a réalisé de nombreux tests de fiabilité au moyen de dispositifs conformes à ceux décrits et détaillés dans les figures 3 à 9. Ces tests ont permis de prouver que la présente invention permettait de visualiser à temps - grâce au changement de couleur du réactif colorimétrique - l'état de quasi-saturation du filtre anti-gaz. On a par exemple utilisé un réactif colorimétrique de type « hydrocarbure totaux » (cristaux spécifiques colorimétrique particulièrement adaptés aux atmosphères rencontrées au sein de certains ateliers de sites pétrochimiques). Pour les besoins de ce test, le réactif a été chargé en vrac dans le prototype détecteur quelques minutes avant l'utilisation du dispositif. Ce dispositif a permis de visualiser la saturation de la cartouche car le réactif de couleur initiale brune a viré au vert de manière instantanée une fois que la cartouche a laissé passer l'hydrocarbure. On a également utilisé de manière probante d'autres réactifs en fonction de la nature du polluant que l'on cherche à identifier (ou un polluant plus complexe si c'est un mélange de produit).Numerous reliability tests have been performed using devices in accordance with those described and detailed in Figures 3 to 9 . These tests made it possible to prove that the present invention made it possible to visualize in time - thanks to the color change of the colorimetric reagent - the state of quasi-saturation of the anti-gas filter. For example, a colorimetric reagent of "total hydrocarbon" type (specific colorimetric crystals particularly suited to the atmospheres encountered in certain petrochemical plant workshops) has been used. For the purposes of this test, the reagent was loaded in bulk in the prototype detector a few minutes before using the device. This device made it possible to visualize the saturation of the cartridge because the initial brown color reactant turned green instantaneously once the cartridge passed through the hydrocarbon. Other reagents have also been used convincingly depending on the nature of the pollutant to be identified (or a more complex pollutant if it is a product mixture).

Le dispositif selon la présente invention a donc permis d'éliminer toute interprétation sur une odeur ressentie liée le plus souvent au débit de fuite du masque et/ou à un mauvais positionnement du dit masque sur le visage du porteur.The device according to the present invention has thus eliminated any interpretation on a smell felt most often related to the leakage rate of the mask and / or a poor positioning of said mask on the wearer's face.

Ce dispositif selon la présente invention est particulièrement destiné à répondre à la contrainte des sites pétrochimiques et/ou de raffinage avec la présence de produits chimiques dans l'ambiance de travail « ACD ou CMR », ce qui impose aux personnels qui assurent la maintenance et la production de porter une protection respiratoire.This device according to the present invention is particularly intended to meet the constraint of petrochemical and / or refining sites with the presence of chemicals in the working environment "ACD or CMR", which imposes on the personnel who provide maintenance and production to wear respiratory protection.

Il suffit donc de disposer de modules « détecteur » adaptables conforme à la présente invention, de préférence dans un emballage scellé et conditionné de manière simple et hermétique qu'il suffit de déchirer, et de visser ensuite le dit module entre le masque et le filtre anti-gaz, de préférence entre le tuyau d'arrivée d'air et le filtre anti-gaz (habituellement le moteur MAVA de la ventilation assistée).It is therefore sufficient to have adaptable "detector" modules according to the present invention, preferably in a sealed and packaged packaging in a simple and hermetic manner that is sufficient to tear, and then screw the said module between the mask and the filter anti-gas, preferably between the air inlet pipe and the gas filter (usually the MAVA motor of the assisted ventilation).

Il est pertinent de rappeler à présent quelques avantages essentiels de la présente invention. L'invention couvre donc un dispositif passif de détection car il n'utilise pas de principe électrique de fonctionnement (comme par exemple une mesure de différence de potentiel / ou de combustion comme pour un semi-conducteur) ; cela permet au module de remplir les exigences de certification ATEX et de sécurité de fonctionnement, indispensables sur les sites de risque d'explosion. Le module ne nuit pas à l'ergonomie : il n'y a pas de rajout de poids supplémentaire ni de volume sur l'existant. Le module détecteur est petit, de faible encombrement et facilement utilisable : il se visse simplement et la lecture est instantanée suivant le code couleur. Le module n'engendre pas de modification de débit du MAVA ni de perte d'autonomie (A et P du ventilateur).It is pertinent to recall now some essential advantages of the present invention. The invention therefore covers a passive detection device because it does not use an electrical operating principle (such as for example a potential difference / or combustion measurement as for a semiconductor); this allows the module to fulfill the ATEX certification and operational safety requirements, which are essential for explosion risk sites. The module does not affect the ergonomics: there is no addition of additional weight or volume on the existing. The detector module is small, compact and easy to use: it simply screws and reads instantly according to the color code. The module does not generate a change in the flow of the MAVA or loss of autonomy (A and P of the fan).

Le module détecteur est peu coûteux de manière qu'il soit possible par toute catégorie de personnel de s'en doter et de l'utiliser autant qu'il est nécessaire en fonction des interventions à réaliser. La caractéristique des réactifs colorimétriques permet de détecter tous les polluants sans distinction (HC) une fois que la cartouche est saturée et que le produit chimique la traverse ; il n'est pas figé comme peut l'être un abaque de fabricant de cartouche filtrante ; et il s'adapte aux différentes valeurs de produits « mode binaire ».The detector module is inexpensive so that it is possible for any class of personnel to acquire it and use it as much as necessary depending on the interventions to be carried out. The characteristic of colorimetric reagents allows the detection of all pollutants without distinction (HC) once the cartridge is saturated and the chemical passes through it; it is not fixed as can be a filter cartridge manufacturer chart; and it adapts to different product values "binary mode".

La présente demande décrit diverses caractéristiques techniques et avantages en référence aux figures et/ou aux divers modes d'exécution décrits ci-dessus. L'homme du métier comprendra que les caractéristiques techniques d'un mode d'exécution décrit peuvent très bien être combinées avec des caractéristiques d'un autre mode d'exécution décrit. De plus, les caractéristiques techniques décrites dans un mode de réalisation donné peuvent également être isolées des autres caractéristiques de ce mode à moins que l'inverse ne soit explicitement mentionné.The present application describes various technical features and advantages with reference to the figures and / or the various embodiments described above. Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical features of a described embodiment can very well be combined with features of another described embodiment. In addition, the technical features described in a given embodiment can also be isolated from the other features of this mode unless the opposite is explicitly mentioned.

Il doit être évident pour les personnes versées dans la technique que la présente invention permet des modes de réalisation sous de nombreuses autres formes spécifiques sans l'éloigner du domaine d'application de l'invention comme revendiqué. Par conséquent, les présents modes de réalisation doivent être considérés à titre d'illustration, mais peuvent être modifiés dans le domaine défini par la portée des revendications jointes.It should be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention allows embodiments in many other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. Therefore, the present embodiments should be considered by way of illustration, but may be modified in the field defined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (8)

Dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire comprenant un filtre anti-gaz relié à un masque de protection des voies respiratoires caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en aval du filtre anti-gaz un réactif chimique qui permet par changement de couleur la détection visuelle d'une indication de l'état de saturation du filtre anti-gaz.An individual respiratory protection device comprising an anti-gas filter connected to a respiratory protection mask, characterized in that it comprises, downstream of the anti-gas filter, a chemical reagent which allows, by color change, the visual detection of an indication the saturation state of the gas filter. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que le dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire est à ventilation assistée.Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the individual respiratory protection device is assisted ventilation. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire comprend également un tuyau reliant le filtre anti-gaz au masque de protection.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual respiratory protection device also comprises a pipe connecting the anti-gas filter to the protective mask. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le réactif chimique indicateur d'état de la saturation du filtre anti-gaz est positionné entre le filtre anti-gaz et le tuyau et/ou entre le tuyau et le masque, de préférence directement connecté à une des extrémités du dit tuyau.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chemical reagent indicating the saturation state of the gas filter is positioned between the gas filter and the pipe and / or between the pipe and the mask, preferably directly connected to one end of said pipe. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le réactif chimique est intégré dans un module qui est solidaire du dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire, de préférence solidaire du tuyau respiratoire.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chemical reagent is integrated in a module which is integral with the individual respiratory protection device, preferably secured to the breathing tube. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le réactif chimique est intégré dans un module qui est cylindrique et transparent et qui comprend un compartiment dans lequel le réactif chimique est piégé, par exemple une double paroi.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chemical reagent is integrated in a module which is cylindrical and transparent and which comprises a compartment in which the chemical reagent is trapped, for example a double wall. Module de détection de l'état de saturation d'une masse filtrante d'un dispositif de filtration de gaz selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le dit module est adaptable au dispositif de filtration de gaz en aval de la masse filtrante et en ce qu'il contient un réactif chimique qui permet par changement de couleur la détection visuelle d'une indication de l'état de saturation du dispositif de filtration de gaz.Module for detecting the saturation state of a filtering mass of a gas filtration device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that said module is adaptable to gas downstream of the filter device of the filter material and in that it contains a chemical reagent for by color change visual detection of an indication of the state of saturation of the device gas filtration. Procédé de détection de l'état de saturation d'une masse filtrante d'un dispositif individuel de protection respiratoire conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend la détection visuelle par changement de couleur d'un réactif chimique positionné en aval du filtre anti-gaz.Method for detecting the saturation state of a filtering mass of an individual respiratory protection device according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the visual detection by color change of a chemical reagent positioned downstream of the gas filter.
EP13290293.3A 2013-11-26 2013-11-26 Secure device for respiratory protection Active EP2875847B1 (en)

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US20220268747A1 (en) * 2015-04-29 2022-08-25 Honeywell International Inc. System for integrating multiple chemical sensor data to detect an unmeasured compound
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