EP2871439B1 - System for the disposal of hazardous or high-energy materials - Google Patents

Description

1. a) ein Gehäuse, in dem sich ein Reaktionsraum befindet, in dem die Materialien unter kontrollierten Bedingungen zu einer Reaktion bringbar sind, deren Endprodukte ungefährlich sind;
2. b) ein sich in dem Reaktionsraum von oben nach unten bewegendes Wanderbett, das im dynamischen Gleichgewicht zwischen der Zufuhr eines Schüttgutes und der zu entsorgenden Materialien einerseits und dem Austrag einer Mischung aus Schüttgut und der Reaktion entstammender Reststoffe andererseits ausgebildet ist;
3. c) eine erste Heißgasströmung, die über einen ersten Einlass in den Reaktionsraum eintritt, den mittleren Bereich des Wanderbetts in vertikaler Richtung nach oben durchströmt und sich auf einer ersten Temperatur befindet;
4. d) der erste Einlass für die erste Heißgasströmung sich in vertikalem Abstand oberhalb des unteren Endes des Reaktionsraums befindet.

In der DE 199 11 175 C2 ist das Grundprinzip beschrieben, wie gefährliche oder hochenergetische Materialien in einer Art Schachtofen entsorgt werden können. Hierzu wird ein Wanderbett aus Schüttgut, beispielsweise aus Stahlkugeln, hergestellt, dem die zu entsorgenden Materialien beigefügt werden. Diese werden dann mit dem Schüttgut nach unten in eine Zone höherer Temperatur geführt, wo sie zur Reaktion gebracht werden. Das Schüttgut nimmt dabei einen großen Teil der thermischen und kinetischen Energie auf. Schüttgut und aus der Reaktion verbleibende Reststoffe, beispielsweise zerstörte Granathülsen, werden aus der Vorrichtung ausgetragen. Das Schüttgut kann abgetrennt und in den Schachtofen zurückgeführt werden, während die verbleibenden Reststoffe in geeigneter Weise entsorgt werden.The invention relates to a plant for the disposal of hazardous or high-energy materials with a shaft furnace-like device, which comprises:

1. a) a housing in which there is a reaction space in which the materials can be brought under controlled conditions to a reaction whose end products are harmless;
2. b) a moving in the reaction space from top to bottom moving bed, which is formed in dynamic equilibrium between the supply of a bulk material and the materials to be disposed on the one hand and the discharge of a mixture of bulk material and the reaction entstammender residues on the other;
3. c) a first hot gas flow, which enters the reaction space via a first inlet, flows through the middle region of the moving bed in the vertical direction and is at a first temperature;
4. d) the first inlet for the first hot gas flow is located vertically above the lower end of the reaction space.

In the DE 199 11 175 C2 is the basic principle described how dangerous or high-energy materials can be disposed of in a kind of shaft furnace. For this purpose, a moving bed of bulk material, for example made of steel balls, made to which the materials to be disposed are added. These are then with the Bulk material down into a zone of higher temperature, where they are reacted. The bulk material absorbs a large part of the thermal and kinetic energy. Bulk material and residues remaining from the reaction, for example destroyed grenade husks, are discharged from the device. The bulk material can be separated and returned to the shaft furnace, while the remaining residues are disposed of properly.

When in the DE 199 11 175 C2 described plant is not intended to a supply of hot gas, which flows through the moving bed from bottom to top and heats the bulk material in this way. At most, a tempering, with which in particular in the area of the free surface of the moving bed a pre-tempering takes place, is addressed.

A device of the type mentioned is in the DE 102 27 711 B4 described. This is essentially about the characteristic size of the bulk material parts on the one hand on the ability to absorb detonation energy, and on the other hand to optimize the resistance of the bulk material against the flow of a hot gas. This is done there by using two bulk material fractions, one of which has bulk material parts with a larger characteristic dimension located in the middle region of the reaction space, while another bulk material fraction with a smaller characteristic dimension of the bulk material parts is provided in the radially outer region of the reaction space. The bulk material fraction with the larger characteristic dimension is supplied to a first hot gas flow whose temperature so high that ultimately the detonation of the ammunition is possible. The supply takes place at the lowest end of the internal bulk material fraction. A second hot gas flow, the temperature of which is lower than the first temperature, is introduced into the outer bulk material fraction, again at its lowest end. In this arrangement, the moving bed is additionally heated on the way between the detonation point and the discharge point, which is unfavorable from the procedural point of view.

From the WO 03066208 A2 a device for the disposal of hazardous or high-energy materials is known. The device described therein comprises a pressure-resistant housing in which the materials can be brought to a reaction under controlled conditions whose end products are harmless. In the housing moves from top to bottom, a moving bed, which is in dynamic equilibrium between the supply of a bulk material and the materials to be disposed on the one hand and the discharge of a mixture of bulk material and the reaction entstammender residues on the other. In the interior of the moving bed, a hollow body is arranged, which serves as a device for introducing a heating gas at this point and for this purpose is connected to an external heating gas source. With this, provided directly in the vicinity of the reaction region of the moving bed device is provided in an energy-saving manner that prevails in the reaction zone of the moving bed the desired reaction temperature.

Object of the present invention is to design a system of the type mentioned in such a way that it works energetically cheaper.

This object is achieved by the characterizing part of claim 1. If, as is proposed under item d) of the preamble of claim 1, the first hot gas flow is not supplied at the lower end of the moving bed but at a certain distance above this, then the resulting mixture of the bulk material and residues on the other Cool the way to the discharge of the reaction space already. The further cooling of this mixture outside the shaft furnace, which is essential for further processing, thereby facilitated. According to the invention at a vertical distance is the uppermost of the first Inlet a second inlet for a second hot gas flow is provided, which is at a temperature which is lower than the first temperature, and flows through the moving bed only in the radially outer region. In this embodiment, a thought is taken up, which already in the DE 102 27 711 B4 is indicated: If the moving bed in the radially outer region is flowed through by a hot gas of lower temperature and the hot gas flow flows with the required high temperature only in the central region of the moving bed, considerable energy savings can be achieved. Unlike in the DE 102 27 711 B4 However, it is not necessary to use different bulk material fractions in the invention.

Conveniently, the second temperature is about 200 ° C less than the first temperature.

For example, the first temperature may be between about 430 and 500 ° C and the second temperature may be about 650 ° C.

The sizes of the cross-sectional areas, which are traversed by the two hot gas flows, should preferably be in the ratio of between 30:70 and 70:30.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross-sectional areas, which are traversed by the two hot gas flows, about the same size.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the first inlet and / or the second inlet comprise an annular space, to which the first or the second hot gas flow can be fed and which is connected to the reaction space via at least one opening. In this way, at the required axial distance from the lower end of the reaction space, the first or second hot gas stream can be introduced uniformly into the moving bed. According to the invention, a gas flow, which is at a temperature which is lower than the first and optionally the second temperature, and which flows through the reaction space from bottom to top, can be supplied to the lower end of the reaction space. In this way, a cooling flow, which already unfolds its cooling effect in the reaction space. According to the invention, an outlet is provided at a vertical distance above the lower end of the reaction space, but below the first inlet for the first hot gas flow, via which part of the gas flow present there can be removed. The purpose of this measure is to have available at the outlet in question a gas flow which is preheated by the mixture of bulk material and residues of the reaction and thus can be used in different ways in the plant. According to a first inventive solution, the outlet is connected to a burner in which the supplied gas flow is heatable so that it forms the first hot gas flow, and that the outlet of the burner is connected to the first inlet. In the production of the first hotter hot gas, therefore, the heat taken from the moving bed after the reaction is used. According to a second inventive solution, the outlet is connected to the second inlet, so that at least part of the gas flow taken from the outlet forms the second hot gas flow. Further heating of the gas inlet supplied to the second inlet is then no longer necessary.

In general, despite the inventive arrangement of the inlets and outlets and despite the supply of cooling gas at the lower end of the reaction space, it is difficult to carry out the entire required cooling of the exiting mixture of bulk material and residues within the reaction space. Therefore, it is advisable in many cases that seen at the lower end of the reaction space in the direction of movement of the moving bed, a moving bed cooler is connected downstream.

This works particularly effectively if it has at least one inlet and at least one outlet for a cooling gas flow, which are arranged so that in the moving bed results in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the moving bed gas flow.

Figur 1

schematisch das Layout einer Anlage zum Entsorgen gefährlicher oder hochenergetischer Materialien;

Figur 2

in einer Detailvergrößerung und in realistischer Darstellung einen Teilschnitt durch die Vorrichtung, die Teil der in Figur 1 gezeigten Anlage ist.

An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing; show it

FIG. 1

schematically the layout of a plant for the disposal of hazardous or high-energy materials;

FIG. 2

in a detail magnification and in realistic representation a partial section through the device, which is part of in FIG. 1 shown Plant is.

Central component of the plant for the disposal of hazardous or high-energy materials, whose layout is schematically in FIG. 1 is shown, is a device provided generally with the reference numeral 1, which resembles a shaft furnace in its basic structure. As an example, the disposal of ammunition is used here. The ratios in the present case can be broadly similar to those in the above-mentioned DE 102 27 711 B4 unless otherwise stated below. The representation of the device 1 in FIG. 1 is highly schematic, while the sectional drawing of the FIG. 2 considerably closer to the realistic conditions.

To understand the basic structure of the device 1 it is sufficient to know that this, each provided with a circular cross section and coaxial with each other, an outer tube 3 and an inner tube 4 comprises. In FIG. 1 omitted, in FIG. 2 However, shown is an outer jacket 2, which serves as splinter protection in the event of failure of the outer tube 3 and the inner tube 4. While the space between the jacket 2 and the outer tube 3 is empty, there is a bed of steel or ceramic balls in the annular space between the outer tube 3 and the inner tube 4. This bed is not shown in the drawing for reasons of clarity. It does not participate in the disposal of the ammunition serving processes themselves, but mechanically stabilizes the heavy loads exposed inner tube. 4

The interior 11 of the inner tube 4, which is the actual reaction space, is also filled with a bed of steel or ceramic balls. The Ball bed is at the upper end of the device 1 via a funnel-shaped application area 13 and a mechanical reasons, not of interest here, provided ball template area 14 in the interior 11 of the inner tube 4. The same way, at appropriate distances from each other, passes through the ammunition to be disposed of. It is embedded in the ball bed and wandering through the interior 11 with increasing heating in the manner of a moving bed down. Details of this warming will be explained later. At a certain point, the prevailing temperature is sufficient to bring the ammunition to react, eg to detonate. In the general case of another material to be disposed of, the corresponding chemical reaction would take place here. The resulting mechanical energy is absorbed by the ball fill as much as possible. Resulting gases are drawn upwards, as already in the DE 102 27 711 B4 is described.

The remaining after the detonation ammunition remnants move in and with the ball bed further down through an area in which cold air flows against. At the lower end of the device 1, the ball bed with the ammunition residues contained therein passes into a moving bed cooler 15, in which a further cooling takes place. The mixture of ball bed and ammunition residues leaving the lower end of the moving bed cooler 15 is fed to a separating device in which the balls are separated from the ammunition residues and then returned to the upper end of the device 1. The separated ammunition residues, however, are disposed of in a suitable manner.

Above, the passage of the ball fill with the ammunition contained therein was roughly described by the device 1. Now follows a more detailed explanation of the gas flow in particular on the basis of FIG. 1 ,

Cold gas is blown into the lower area of the moving bed cooler 15 via an inlet 16 by means of a blower 17. This gas is guided in a kind of cross-flow through the interior of the moving bed cooler 15 and removed again at an almost opposite outlet 18. A second fan 19 conveys the gas to a second inlet 20, which is provided slightly higher than the inlet 16 on the moving bed cooler 15.

Again, the gas is passed as a cross-flow through the moving in the interior of the moving bed cooler 15 bed with the ammunition contained therein and removed at a second outlet 21. With the aid of a third blower 23, the gas, which in this way has twice passed through the interior of the Wanderettkühlers 15, to a third inlet 24 in the upper end of the moving bed cooler 15. The multiple leadership of the cooling gas as a cross-flow through the moving bed cooler 15 provides for reliable cooling of the moving bed cooler 15 flowing through mixture of ball bed and ammunition residues, with local overheating be avoided.

The still relatively cool gas now enters from the upper opening of the moving bed cooler 15 in the lower end of the interior 11 of the device 1. It now flows upwards, the downward falling, heated by the detonation balls of the bed and the ammunition residues, which are increasingly cooled in this way. At a point that is already a considerable distance from has lower end of the device 1, an annular outlet 25 is provided on the inner wall of the inner tube 4, in the direction of the arrows 26, most of the upwardly flowing, in heat exchange with the mixture of ball bed and ammunition remains warming air can enter. At most, a small part of this air flows freely upwards.

The in the outlet 25 reached, now already preheated air is sucked in by a blower 27 and then divided into two partial streams. A first partial flow passes to a burner 28, in which the corresponding proportion of air is heated to a temperature which, when introduced into the interior 11 of the device 1, is sufficient to trigger the detonation of the ammunition. This partial flow of air is fed to an inlet 29, which in its realistic embodiment below with reference to FIG. 2 will be described in more detail. The hot air introduced here initially substantially fills the entire cross section of the inner space 11. It continues to move up against the direction of flow of the ball bed and the ammunition remains.

The second partial flow, which is moved by the blower 27, passes into a second inlet 30, the embodiment of which is also described below with reference to FIGS FIG. 2 is described. However, this inlet 30 is designed such that the air introduced here into the inner space 11 only reaches the radially outer regions of this inner space 11 and radially constricts the hot air coming from below, so that the latter continues to be only in the central cross-sectional area of the inner space 11 flows upwards. In this area, it comes to the already mentioned several times detonation the ammunition to be disposed of.

The gases, which have flowed through the device 1 in the manner described from the bottom upwards, are taken out at an outlet 31 and drawn by means of a blower 32 through a cooler 33. A portion of this air is then supplied via a line 34 to a post-purification and finally to the outside atmosphere. Another partial flow is passed through a further cooler 35, sucked by the fan 17 and fed back to the lower inlet 16 of the ball cooler 15.

The FIG. 2 shows some details of the device 1 in the area of the inlets 29 and 30 in a more realistic manner than FIG. 1 , The lower inlet 29 comprises a radial tube 5, which pierces the coat 2 and the outer tube 3 which can be seen in this drawing. Through this, the heated in the burner 28 hot gas reaches a first temperature of, for example, 650 ° C in the direction of arrow 6 in an installation 7, which surrounds the lower end of the upper portion of the inner tube 4 in the upper region. The hot gas flows initially into an annular space 8 in the interior of the installation 7 and then through the lower, slightly conically downwardly tapered end of the upper portion of the inner tube 4 and from there up through the moving bed.

Above the annular space 8, the second inlet 30 is arranged. For this purpose, a second annular space 9 is provided in the installation 7, the upper and lower annular boundary wall tapering conically downwards for geometric reasons. This annular space 9 communicates with the interior 11 of the inner tube 4 by a plurality of vertical slots 10 in connection.

At a position not shown in the drawing, another tube pierces the jacket 2 and the outer tube 3 and opens into the annular space 9. About this now the above-mentioned partial flow of the hot gas is supplied, which is removed via the outlet 25 from the fan 27, however was not passed through the burner 28. The temperature of this gas is in operation at a significantly lower level, for example, is about 200 ° colder than the supplied via the first inlet 29, heated by the burner 28 hot gas. In the concrete example, this means a temperature between 430 and 500 ° C for this second hot gas. The pressure at which the hot gas is introduced into the second annular space 9 is chosen so that this colder hot gas, as already mentioned, does not penetrate radially into the moving bed within the inner tube 4, but instead, as shown by the arrow 12, moved in the radially outer ring area by the moving bed within the inner tube 4. The overall arrangement is thus such that in the middle region of the moving bed in the inner tube 4, the hotter hot gas flows in the radially outer region of the cooler hot gas. The cross-sectional area on which the hotter hot gas flows is about the same size as the annular area in which the cooler hot gas flows. In this way, compared to an arrangement in which the hotter hot gas flows through the entire cross section of the inner space 11, considerable energy savings can be achieved.

Claims (8)

1. An installation for the disposal of hazardous or high-energy materials with a shaft furnace type device, comprising:

   a) a housing (4), in which a reaction chamber (11) is located, in which the materials may be brought into reaction under controlled conditions, whose end products are non-hazardous;

   b) a moving bed, moving from top to bottom in the reaction chamber (11), formed in a dynamic equilibrium between the supply of a bulk material and the materials to be disposed on the one hand and the discharge of a mixture of bulk material and residues originating from the reaction on the other hand;

   c) a first hot gas flow, entering over a first inlet (29) into the reaction chamber (11), flowing through the middle area of the moving bed in a vertical direction upwards, and having a first temperature;

   d) the first inlet (29) for the first hot gas flow being in a vertical distance above the bottom end of the reaction chamber (11);
   characterized in that

   e) a second inlet (30) is provided in a vertical distance above the first inlet (29) for a second hot gas flow, having a second temperature lower than the first temperature, and flowing through the moving bed only in a radial outer section,

   f) a gas flow may be supplied to the bottom end of the reaction chamber (11), at the gas flow having a temperature lower than the first and, if necessary, than the second temperature, and flowing through the reaction chamber (11) from bottom to top,

   g) in a vertical distance above the bottom end of the reaction chamber (11), but below the first inlet (29) for the first hot gas flow, an outlet (25) is provided, over which a part of the gas flow being present there may be removed,
   wherein

   h) the outlet (25) is connected with a burner (28), in which the supplied gas flow may be heated such that it forms the first hot gas flow, and that the outlet of the burner (28) is connected with the first inlet (29),
   and/or

   i) the outlet (25) is connected with the second inlet (30), so that at least a part of the gas flow being removed from the outlet (25) forms the second hot gas flow.
2. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the second temperature is approximately 200°C lower than the first temperature.
3. The installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first temperature is approximately 650°C and the second temperature is approximately 430 to 500°C.
4. The installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the size of the cross-sectional areas, being flown through by the two hot gas flows, are in a relation of between 30:70 and 70:30.
5. The installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the cross-sectional areas, being flown through by the two hot gas flows, are approximately the same size.
6. The installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first inlet (29) and/or the second inlet (30) comprise an annular space (8, 9) to which the first and the second hot gas flow may be supplied, respectively, and which is connected to the reaction chamber (11) over at least one opening (10.
7. The installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a moving bed cooler (15) is connected downstream the bottom end of the reaction chamber (11), as seen in the direction of movement of the moving bed.
8. The installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the moving bed cooler (15) has at least one inlet (16, 20) and at least one outlet (18, 21) for a cooling gas flow, which is arranged in such a way that a gas flow results in the moving bed cooler (15), the gas flow being directed across the direction of movement of the moving bed.

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