EP2868806A1 - Procédé de détermination d'une taille caractérisant un sol, appareil de contrôle d'étanchéité - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination d'une taille caractérisant un sol, appareil de contrôle d'étanchéité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2868806A1
EP2868806A1 EP20140181762 EP14181762A EP2868806A1 EP 2868806 A1 EP2868806 A1 EP 2868806A1 EP 20140181762 EP20140181762 EP 20140181762 EP 14181762 A EP14181762 A EP 14181762A EP 2868806 A1 EP2868806 A1 EP 2868806A1
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Prior art keywords
soil
compaction
determined
determining
ground
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EP20140181762
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2868806B1 (fr
Inventor
Ulrike Nohlen
Rainer Schrode
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MTS Maschinentechnik Schrode AG
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MTS Maschinentechnik Schrode AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
    • E02D1/022—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating mechanical properties of the soil

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining a characterizing a soil size according to the preamble of claim 1, for example, for assessing a done by a compression element compaction of the soil, as well as a soil compaction or Verdichtungsprüfêt according to the preamble of the independent claim.
  • DE 103 55 172 A1 describes a soil compaction device in the form of a mounted compressor, which can be coupled to an arm of an excavator.
  • the attached compactor comprises a compacting element in the form of a compactor plate, which is pressed by the excavator on a surface location of a soil to be compacted.
  • the compressor plate is coupled to a vibration generator, by means of the compressor plate is vibrated. As a result, a space region which lies below the surface location on which the compactor plate rests is compressed.
  • Basis of the invention are various findings. Thus, for example, it has been recognized that a single parameter acquired or determined in many cases does not help to accurately determine the sought-after and soil-characterizing quantity. It is the combination of the values of different parameters that makes it possible to obtain a sufficiently unambiguous and to this extent sufficiently typifying statement concerning the sought-after and to be determined variable, which is characteristic of the examined soil.
  • the value pairs, triples, quadruples, etc., which connect the values of different parameters with each other are stored together with the respective value of the sought-after and to be determined size in a database that was previously created for example in field or laboratory experiments, but can also be expanded and completed in situ by manual input by an operator.
  • the database is present at a remotely located, for example centrally located, computer and is interrogated by a plurality of users, for example via radio, and fed with new parameter combinations determined in situ and with the associated quantities, which always results in a more accurate and larger and a plurality of users available database is generated.
  • the signal coupled into the ground or applied to the ground comprises at least one of the following group: a mechanical, acoustic or electromagnetic oscillation, the response being an oscillation having an amplitude or an amplitude and amplitude / or a frequency spectrum; a load, the answer being a settlement. All listed signals are easy to generate and lead to easily detectable answers.
  • the detected or determined soil property may include at least one of the following group: color; Water content; electrical ground conductivity; Shear strength; Odor; Grain size; Elasticity; compressibility; acoustic impedance; electrical impedance; Natural radiation; Radiation absorption. All mentioned soil properties can either automatically with corresponding sensors and / or manually detected or determined by a user.
  • the size to be determined and characterizing the soil may be at least one of the following group: degree of compaction; Load capacity; Soil; Water content.
  • degree of compaction With regard to the size of the "soil type", it should be noted that, at least for the time being, their knowledge is in many cases a prerequisite for determining the other sizes mentioned.
  • the database used in step c) may have been created in field trials or at least optimized.
  • it can be adapted or expanded by a manual input during the execution of the method, in particular by manually entering a recognized soil type (eg. Clay, sand gravel, gravel, split) and associated Paramater.
  • a recognized soil type eg. Clay, sand gravel, gravel, split
  • associated Paramater e.g. Clay, sand gravel, gravel, split
  • An essential aspect of the present invention relates to the determination of the "best" match in step c).
  • This may be defined, for example, by a probability that the created parameter combination is the stored parameter combination is greater than or equal to a limit value, or, more concretely, defined by a relative deviation of each parameter being less than or equal to a limit.
  • This is easy to program and thus to automate and allows a later plausibility and thus quality control. It is also possible that in the Determining the best match the individual parameters are weighted, resulting in an individual case to an even more reliable process result.
  • the spatial three-dimensional distribution of a relative stress below the surface point at which the compression element attaches depends, above all, on the type and geometry of the compression element used, and to some extent also on the vibration frequency of the compression element.
  • the relative stress is understood to be the local stress at a location in the spatial area below the surface location relative to the maximum stress directly below the compression element, specifically at the end of compression, ie if further compression is no longer possible.
  • immediately below the compaction element the relative stress at the end of compression, ie when further compaction is no longer possible, is 100% (unity, for example, [%]).
  • the relative tension decreases.
  • three-dimensional space shells can be determined on which the relative tension is only 90%, 80%, 70% etc.
  • These space shells can be represented, for example, in the form of table values, polynomials, or a family of two-dimensional polynomials. Also possible is the representation, for example in the form of the values at points of a uniform grid structure in the spatial area. In the simplest case, the distribution or the course is simply indicated along a vertical line centrally below the surface location.
  • One obtains for each compaction process one-dimensional depth values to which respective degrees of compaction are assigned. In this way, a data set or a formula is obtained for each type of compression element, which indicates the spatial distribution of the relative stress for the respective compression element, and possibly also for a specific compressor frequency.
  • the said distribution of the relative tension is, of course, only valid for that state in which a further operation of the compression element does not further or at least not significantly further compact the ground below the ground location. It therefore only applies to a so-called "end of compression". This can be determined, for example, by evaluating a change over time of the oscillation spectrum, in particular of a distortion factor, of the compression element during operation. If the change in harmonic distortion per unit time falls below a certain limit, then the compression end is assumed at which the relative stress at the surface location immediately below the compacting element is 100%.
  • Another basis of the present invention is the knowledge of the during compaction of the Compression element applied to the surface location ballast, so the force with which the compression element presses on the surface surface (unit, for example, [N]).
  • this consists of a static load and a dynamic load.
  • the static load is the load or force with which, for example, an excavator to which the attachment compactor is attached pushes it onto the surface location.
  • the static load can also simply be a weight force.
  • the dynamic load is that additional force component that is applied to the surface location due to the vibration generated, for example, by an imbalance generator from the compacting element. It can be obtained, for example, by a vibration sensor and multiple integration of the signal obtained therefrom.
  • an absolute voltage (unit, for example, [N / m 2 ]) is obtained from the relative stress, the load and the effective area of the compacting element. In the simplest case, this is the relative voltage multiplied by the determined load and divided by the effective area of the compression element. In this way, one obtains a three-dimensional spatial distribution of the absolute stress in the soil for the compaction element in a spatial region below the surface location.
  • the absolute voltage can be calculated, for example, in the form of evenly distributed points in the spatial area below and laterally of the surface location, depending on the form in which the data of the relative voltage is present. For example, one obtains a three-dimensional grid at whose grid points the respective absolute voltage is known. But also possible is the determination the absolute stress as a three-dimensional polynomial or as a family of two-dimensional polynomials, etc ..
  • Another important element of the present invention is the recognition that a degree of compaction (unit dimensionless or, for example, [%]) at a certain point in the soil is dependent on the absolute stress generated there and on the type of compacted soil.
  • a degree of compaction unit dimensionless or, for example, [%]
  • the degree of compaction at the same absolute tension in a shear-resistant / non-cohesive soil is different than in a low-shear and usually cohesive soil.
  • cohesive soils the respective degrees of compaction are also dependent on the water content.
  • a database is created for the method according to the invention in which the relationship between absolute stress and degree of compaction is stored for typical soils (for example gravel, loam, dry soil, moist soil, etc.).
  • the type of soil below the surface location at which the compaction element attaches determined as a characterizing the soil with the above-mentioned inventive method and then depending on the determined, or determined type of soil from the previously calculated Absolute voltage determines the degree of compaction.
  • the relative voltage is present, one obtains, for example, at discrete grid points, along two-dimensional curves, on a three-dimensional space shell or simply along a contour line, a value for the degree of compaction present there.
  • a desired minimum degree of compaction is predetermined and then that spatial, ie three-dimensional area below the surface location at which the compaction element has been applied is determined, up to which the predetermined minimum compaction degree is present starting from the compaction element. This gives information about the position or spatial three-dimensional extent of that region in which the predetermined degree of compaction is ensured.
  • the determined data can preferably be stored together with a geographical position in a database.
  • the geographical position may be, for example, a reference position of the compression element, or the like, and this may be determined using a satellite positioning system.
  • the soil compaction system according to the invention is designed to carry out the method described above.
  • the soil compaction system has suitable detection means, for example in the form of sensors, as well as storage, processing facilities, power supplies, input devices for manual input of data, display devices for the display of acquired data, etc., at a suitable location.
  • the individual processing devices provided for carrying out the above-mentioned method in the soil compacting system may be formed as software modules on a computer system, such as a notebook or a tablet PC. It goes without saying Further, for example, only the detection means may be arranged at the compression element, whereas the memory, processing means, input means, or the like can be arranged outside of the compression element, for example in the cab of an excavator.
  • a corresponding add-on compactor may have its own power supply, which supplies the detection devices with electricity, and which is supplied for example directly or indirectly from the eccentric drive, or it is a power supply of that device possible, to which the add-on compactor is mounted, for example, an excavator.
  • the soil compaction system advantageously has a detection device which detects at least one parameter characterizing a type of soil at the surface location.
  • these parameters include, for example, a water content, a color, a frequency spectrum, a reaction force, a Einsinkweg, a time course of a settlement, a signal delay, etc.
  • a database is present in the geographic points for certain species of the soil or at least certain parameters belonging to a type of soil are stored. If, for example, the position of the compaction element is known with the aid of a location system, the corresponding parameters can be retrieved from said database.
  • the type of floor can be manually entered by a user by means of an input device.
  • the soil compaction system according to the invention to comprise a reservoir in which, for at least two different types of compaction elements, in each case data which characterize a distribution of the relative stress in the soil in a spatial area underneath the compaction element are stored, and a detection device is included, which detects the type of compaction element used, and / or an input device with which the type of compaction element used can be entered manually.
  • a detection device which detects the type of compaction element used, and / or an input device with which the type of compaction element used can be entered manually.
  • a soil compaction system contributes in FIG. 1 overall, the reference numeral 10. It includes a cultivation compressor 16 which is mounted on an arm 14 of an excavator 12.
  • the cultivation compressor 16 comprises a compression element in the form of a compressor plate 18, which in the in FIG. 1 shown operating situation at an in FIG. 1 narrow dashed line surface point 20 of a bottom 22 is attached.
  • a total of four detection devices in the form of sensors 24, 26, 28 and 30 are present.
  • the sensor 24 detects vibrations of the compressor plate 18, the sensor 26 a force (static load), with the compactor plate 18 is pressed by the excavator 12 on the surface surface 20, the sensor 28 one or more parameters, the bottom property of the bottom 22 at the Surface character 20 and sensor 30 characterize the type of compactor plate 18 used on crop compactor 16.
  • Typical soil characteristics that can be detected by sensor 28 depending on the type of sensor used are color, water content, electrical conductivity, shear strength, odor (or chemical) Composition of a local outgassing), grain size, elasticity, compressibility, acoustic impedance, electrical impedance, intrinsic radiation, and / or radiation absorption.
  • a satellite-based position determination system 32 in this case by way of example a GPS system, which displays the current position of the compressor plate 18 of the add-on compactor 16, is also present on the attachment compactor 16.
  • the signals from the sensors 24 to 30 and the GPS 32 are transmitted wirelessly to a computer system 34 of the soil compaction system 10, which is arranged in the excavator 12.
  • the computer system 34 may be a PC, a notebook, a tablet PC, or the like.
  • the computer system 34 has a data memory (not shown) and a processor (not shown).
  • the memory stores a computer program which is executed by the processor.
  • various memory and processing devices are realized on a software basis, as will be explained below.
  • the computer system 34 also has a display (not shown), for example in the form of a screen, and an input device (not shown), for example in the form of a keyboard, a voice input, or the like.
  • P2 is fed to a comparator 42. This compares the created parameter combination P1
  • the database 44 used was previously created in field trials.
  • the comparator 42 determines that of the stored parameter combinations [P1
  • the best match is defined by the fact that a probability that the created parameter combination P1
  • P2] i is determined to be the ground-determining variable G to be determined.
  • the size G may be a degree of compaction, a bearing capacity, a soil type, or a water content. In the present case, it is assumed by way of example that the size G is the type of soil. With the method just described, the type of soil 22 (ie, for example, loam, sand, gravel, gravel or split, in each case moist or dry) is determined below the compactor plate 18.
  • the database 44 used above can be adapted or extended by manual input during the execution of the method, in particular by manual entry of a recognized soil type (eg clay, sand gravel, gravel, split) and an associated parameter combination P1
  • a recognized soil type eg clay, sand gravel, gravel, split
  • FIG. 3 are the compressor plate 18 and the surface area 20 as well as lying below the surface area 20 space portion 48 of the bottom 22nd shown enlarged.
  • An arrow 50 is intended to characterize the force with which the compactor plate 18 presses on the surface surface 20. This force is composed of the static load determined by the sensor 26 and a force component caused by vibrations of the compressor plate 18, which are generated by a vibration generator, not shown. By the force 50 of the bottom 22 is compressed in the space area 48.
  • an absolute voltage (eg with the dimension N / m 2 ) can be determined from the known dimensionless relative stress 52. Knowing the determined type of soil 22 - as described above with reference to FIG. 2 has been explained - can be determined from this again a spatial three-dimensional distribution of a degree of compaction.
  • a degree of compaction of 0.7 is exemplary in the two-dimensional FIG. 3 indicated by a dashed line by the reference numeral 54. For a space area 55 which lies between the compressor plate 18 and the line 54, and the in FIG. 3 is shown dotted, thus a degree of compaction of at least 0.7 can be guaranteed.
  • the soil compaction system 10 For determining the space area 55, the soil compaction system 10 has, as shown FIG. 4 It can be seen, through various illustrated by functional blocks devices that are implemented by software programs of the computer system 34.
  • the soil compaction system 10 has a processing device 56, which determines based on the signals of the sensor 24 a Verdichtungs progress per time of the bottom 22 at the surface location 20 and then, if this compression progress per time falls below a threshold, by means of a device 58 outputs a signal , which signals a compression end. If such a compression end has been detected, function blocks are started, which in the block diagram of FIG. 4 are delimited by a dot-dashed block 60.
  • a distribution of the relative voltage corresponding to the specific compressor plate 30 is supplied to a processing device 64. This also receives the signals from the sensors 24 and 26, from which the processing device 64 calculates the above-mentioned force 50.
  • a distribution of an absolute voltage in the space region 48 below the compactor plate 18 is determined in the processing device 64. This is fed to a processing device 66, which receives from a memory 68 in which is stored for different types of soil in each case a relationship between the absolute voltage and a degree of compaction corresponding to the specific soil type here connection. This is determined by a selection device 70 on the basis of the determined soil type (see above explanations in connection with FIG. 2 ).
  • a minimum desired degree of compaction in the above example a degree of compaction of 0.7, can be entered.
  • the desired degree of compaction is supplied to a processing device 74, which also receives the distribution of the actual degree of compaction from the processing device 66.
  • This processing device 74 determines that area (reference numeral 55 in FIG. 3 ), up to that starting from the Compressor plate 18 of the entered minimum compression ratio of 0.7 is present.
  • the data characterizing this area are stored in a memory 76 together with the corresponding geographical position determined by the GPS 32.
  • a method of operating the soil compacting system 10 is as follows ( FIG. 5 After a start in 78, the type of soil 22 at surface location 20 is determined at 80 (as discussed above in connection with FIG FIG. 2 explained), wherein this method step can also be performed later.
  • the compactor plate 18 of the attached compactor 16 is set at the surface location 20, and in FIG. 84, the attached compactor 16 is operated.
  • the load 50 is determined and at 88 the end of compression.
  • the operation of the attached compactor 16 is ended.
  • FIG. 5 After a start in 78, the type of soil 22 at surface location 20 is determined at 80 (as discussed above in connection with FIG FIG. 2 explained), wherein this method step can also be performed later.
  • the compactor plate 18 of the attached compactor 16 is set at the surface location 20, and in FIG. 84, the attached compactor 16 is operated.
  • the load 50 is determined and at 88 the end of compression.
  • the operation of the attached compactor 16 is ended.
  • FIG. 5 After a start in 78
  • the absolute stress in the bottom 22 for the particular compactor plate 18 in the space area 48 below the surface location 20 is determined, depending on the relative stress in the bottom 22 in the space area 48 below that determined for the specific compactor plate 18 at the end of compression Compressor plate 18 and depending on the determined ballast 18.
  • a "space shell” is determined, which limits the range to which, starting from the compactor plate 18, the minimum degree of compaction predetermined in 72 is present.
  • the data characterizing the area determined in 94 is stored together with the geographical position. The procedure ends in 98.
  • the invention relates to a method for assessing a compaction of a floor 22 with a stationary compacting element 18, which method following steps include: a. Determining a type of bottom 22 at a surface location 20 of the floor 22; b. Operating the compaction element at the surface location 18; c. Determining a load 50, with which the compression element 18 presses on the surface location 20 during operation, characterizing size; d. Terminating the operation of the compacting element 18 when it is detected that a compaction progress per time of the bottom 22 at the surface location 20 is below a threshold compression end; e.
  • step g Specifying a minimum degree of compaction; i. In step g: determining a region 55 below the surface surface 20, to which, starting from the compression element 18, the predetermined minimum degree of compaction is present.
  • a soil compaction or compaction tester 10 comprising a compaction element 18 for compaction of a soil 22 in a space area 48 below one Surface location 20, further comprising: a first magnitude detection means 24 which characterizes a compaction progress per time of the bottom 22 at the surface location 20; b. a second size detection means 26 which characterizes an over-load 50 which presses the compression member 18 onto the surface location 20 during operation; c. a memory 62 in which data indicative of a distribution of the relative stress in the bottom 22 in a space area 48 below the compression element 18 for the compression element 18 is stored; d. a memory 68 in which a relationship between an absolute voltage and a degree of compaction is respectively stored for at least two types of bottom 22; e.
  • a selector 70 with which one type of floor 22 can be selected f. a processing device 56 which outputs a signal when a compaction progress determined by the first size per time of the bottom 22 at the surface location 20 falls below a threshold value; G. a processing device 64 which determines data characterizing a distribution of an absolute voltage in the ground 22 in the space area 48 below the compacting element 18, i depending on the data stored in the memory 62 according to c and ii depending on the detected load 50; and h. a processing device 66, which determines i depending on the data determined in step g and ii depending on the selected type of soil 22 data that characterize a distribution of a degree of compaction.
  • a soil compaction or compaction tester 10 which further comprises: i. an input device 72, with which a desired minimum Degree of compaction can be entered; and J. a processing device 74, which determines data that characterize a region 55, to which, starting from the compression element 18, the entered minimum degree of compaction is present.
  • a soil compaction or compaction tester 10 which further comprises: k. a positioning system 32, preferably a satellite-based positioning system; and l. a memory 76 in which the data obtained in steps h or j can be stored together with the geographical position determined by the position determining system 32.
  • a soil compaction or compaction tester 10 which further comprises: m. a device 24, 28 which is designed such that it allows the determination of a size G characterizing the bottom 22 at the surface location 20, and / or an input device with which at least one size G characterizing the bottom at the surface location can be entered manually ; wherein the selector 70 according to the above feature e selects a kind of the floor 22 from the determined or inputted size, or the size itself characterizing the floor itself is the kind of the floor.
  • a soil compacting or compaction tester 10 which further comprises: a memory 62 in which, for one or more different types of compaction elements 18, data representing a distribution of relative stress in the soil 22 in a space area 48 below the compaction element 18 characterize, are stored; o. a detection device 30, which detects the type of compression element 18 used, and / or an input device with which the type of compression element used can be entered manually; wherein the processing means 64 according to feature g, the data stored for the detected or input type of the compression element 18 and the distribution of the relative voltage characterizing data used.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
EP14181762.7A 2013-10-30 2014-08-21 Procédé de détermination d'une taille caractérisant un sol, appareil de contrôle d'étanchéité Active EP2868806B1 (fr)

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DE102013222122.3A DE102013222122B4 (de) 2013-10-30 2013-10-30 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Bodenverdichtungs- oder Bodenprüfgeräts, sowie Bodenverdichtungs- oder Verdichtungsprüfgerät

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EP2868806A1 true EP2868806A1 (fr) 2015-05-06
EP2868806B1 EP2868806B1 (fr) 2016-07-06

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CN108505519A (zh) * 2017-02-27 2018-09-07 利勃海尔南兴有限公司 在振动打桩机的操作过程中识别障碍物的方法
EP3719205A3 (fr) * 2019-04-02 2020-10-21 MTS Maschinentechnik Schrode AG Dispositif de détection des zones homogènes sur un site de construction
CN114541364A (zh) * 2022-02-22 2022-05-27 中铁一局集团厦门建设工程有限公司 具有土体参数获取功能的夯实系统及土体参数获取方法

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EP3369864B1 (fr) * 2017-02-27 2023-06-14 Liebherr-Werk Nenzing GmbH Procédé de détection d'obstacles lors du fonctionnement d'un vibrateur de battage
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CN114541364A (zh) * 2022-02-22 2022-05-27 中铁一局集团厦门建设工程有限公司 具有土体参数获取功能的夯实系统及土体参数获取方法
CN114541364B (zh) * 2022-02-22 2024-01-23 中铁一局集团厦门建设工程有限公司 具有土体参数获取功能的夯实系统及土体参数获取方法

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