EP2867953A1 - Antenne a cavite resonante - Google Patents
Antenne a cavite resonanteInfo
- Publication number
- EP2867953A1 EP2867953A1 EP13739155.3A EP13739155A EP2867953A1 EP 2867953 A1 EP2867953 A1 EP 2867953A1 EP 13739155 A EP13739155 A EP 13739155A EP 2867953 A1 EP2867953 A1 EP 2867953A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resonant
- reflecting surface
- partially reflecting
- cells
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/206—Microstrip transmission line antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/185—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0012—Radial guide fed arrays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna, in particular a cavity antenna.
- EP 2,266,166 discloses a cavity antenna, the cavity being delimited by a partially reflecting flat surface and a totally reflective flat surface facing each other.
- the partially reflecting flat surface consists of an array of resonant cells forming micro-antennas.
- the phase of the micro-antennas is controlled using varicaps diodes. It is thus possible to control the misalignment of the antenna and its transmission frequency.
- this antenna can not be integrated in all systems, in particular in vehicle fairings. There is therefore a need for consistent directional antennas that can be integrated into all types of systems.
- the present invention improves the situation.
- an antenna comprising:
- a partially reflecting surface comprising an array of resonant cells, each resonant cell forming a micro-antenna,
- a radiating source disposed in the resonant cavity and configured to radiate a wave between the partially reflecting surface and the totally reflecting surface, the illuminating wave of the resonant cells of the partially reflecting surface.
- the partially reflecting surface is curved and resonant cells are individually configured to introduce a phase shift in the passage of the incident wave radiated by the source, a function of the curvature of the partially reflecting surface at the corresponding resonant cell.
- Embodiments of the invention thus make it possible to obtain directional radiation while improving the integration of the antenna into any system.
- Each resonant cell may be configured to introduce on an incident wave a phase shift function of the curvature of the partially reflecting surface at the level of the resonant cell, so that the network of resonant cells behaves as an array of antennas distributed over a surface different predefined.
- the partially reflective surface may include:
- An inductive gate comprising a set of metal zones separated by dielectric zones
- a capacitive grid comprising a set of metal zones separated by dielectric zones.
- the inductive gate and the capacitive gate are then superimposed so as to form the network of resonant cells, a resonant cell comprising an inductance and a capacity in parallel.
- the metal areas of the inductive gate and the capacitive gate may be arranged in parallel directions.
- the phase shift introduced on the incident wave by a resonant cell can be adjusted by modifying the capacity of the capacitive gate at the level of the resonant cell and / or by modifying the induction of the inductive gate at the level of the resonant cell.
- Two adjacent electrical contacts of the capacitive gate may also be electrically connected by a variable capacitance diode, the bias voltage of the variable capacitance diode being adjusted to adjust the phase shift introduced on the incident wave by the corresponding resonant cell.
- the inductive gate and the capacitive gate can be made by two gates of metal tracks, etched respectively on the two faces of a dielectric substrate.
- Each resonant cell may also be configured to introduce on a wave incident a phase shift defined to obtain interference between the waves passing through the resonant cells global directional radiation in a predetermined direction of misalignment.
- the invention also proposes a partially reflecting surface comprising an array of resonant cells, each resonant cell forming a micro-antenna, the partially reflecting surface being curved and resonant cells being individually configured to introduce on a wave incident a phase shift function of the curvature of the partially reflecting surface at the corresponding resonant cell.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an antenna according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 2A to 2C show examples of resonant cells of a partially reflecting surface of the antenna of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a method of configuring the resonant cells according to one embodiment of the invention;
- Figure 4 is a graph showing initial positions of resonant cells in a plane
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing phase shifts to be applied to each resonant cell of FIG. 4 for the cell network to behave as an array of planar cells
- Figure 6 is a block diagram showing the partially reflective surface after the configuration of the resonant cells according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a radiation diagram of the antenna obtained by implementing the configuration method.
- FIG. 1 represents an antenna 1 comprising a resonant cavity 2, a radiating source 3, a partially reflecting surface 4 and a totally reflecting surface 5.
- the totally reflecting surface 5 is for example made by placing a metal plate on a dielectric element.
- the partially reflecting surface 4 is made using a variable phase composite metamaterial.
- the partially reflecting surface 4 comprises an array of resonant cells Cn, each resonant cell Cn forming a micro-antenna or elementary antenna.
- the partially reflecting surface 4 is curved. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the surface 4 is cylindrical. Alternatively, the surface 4 may have any curvature.
- the curvature of the surface 4 corresponds to the curvature of the system, for example to the curvature of the fairing of the vehicle (train, airplane, or other), in which the antenna 1 must be integrated.
- the partially reflecting surface 4 comprises an inductive gate GL comprising a set of metal zones separated by dielectric zones.
- the partially reflecting surface 4 also comprises a capacitive gate GC comprising a set of metal zones separated by dielectric zones.
- the inductive gate GL and the capacitive gate GC are superimposed so that the gates GL and GC are arranged parallel to each other, the metal zones of the inductive gate GL and the capacitive gate GC being arranged according to substantially orthogonal directions.
- the partially reflecting surface 4 can be made by two metal track grids etched respectively on the two faces of a dielectric substrate 6. Such an embodiment reduces the cost of manufacture.
- the tracks of each gate being perpendicular, one will play the role of capacitive gate GC and the other of inductive gate GL according to the polarization of the electric field E.
- a resonant cell Cn is thus a resonator type cell LC having an inductance L and a capacity C in parallel.
- a cell resonant Cn has a small size in front of the operating wavelength ⁇ of the antenna 1.
- FIGS 2A to 2C show examples of Cr resonant cells.
- the cell Cn comprises a capacitor Ci and an inductor Li, arranged on either side of the dielectric substrate 6.
- the cell Cr 2 comprises a capacitor C2 and an inductor L 2 , disposed on either side of the dielectric substrate 6.
- the cell Cr 3 comprises a capacitor C3 and an inductor L 3 , disposed on either side of the dielectric substrate 6.
- the cavity 2 is a Fabry-Perot type cavity.
- the partially reflecting surface 4 and the totally reflecting surface 5, which delimit the cavity 2, are separated by a distance h forming a reference dimension of the cavity 2.
- N denotes the resonance mode of the cavity 2
- ⁇ 4 denotes the reflection phase shift introduced on an incident wave by the partially reflecting surface 4,
- ⁇ 5 denotes the phase shift introduced on a wave by the totally reflecting surface 5.
- a partially reflecting surface 4 comprising adjustable phase resonant cells makes it possible to remove the restriction on the half-wavelength ( ⁇ / 2) thickness generally imposed for a Fabry-Perot type cavity.
- the reference dimension h can thus be chosen such that h "A / 2. It is therefore possible to make ultra-compact antennas, for example about 0.5 mm for a frequency of 8 GHz.
- the radiating source 3 is disposed in the resonant cavity 2, close to the totally reflecting surface 5.
- the radiating source 3 is for example a patch antenna or a dipole.
- the radiating source 3 is configured to radiate a predefined frequency wave, between the partially reflecting surface 4 and the totally reflecting surface 5. The wave thus illuminates the resonant cells Cn.
- the source 3 and the partially reflecting surface 4 are arranged so that all Cn cells are illuminated by successive reflections on the walls of the cavity.
- the resonant cells C n are individually configured to introduce an incident phase ⁇ 4 ⁇ in response to the passage of an incident wave radiated by the source 3, depending on the curvature of the partially reflecting surface 4 at the level of the resonant cell C n.
- the network of resonant cells Cn thus behaves as an array of antennas distributed over a different predefined surface, called the target surface.
- the different predefined surface is for example a flat surface.
- the predefined surface is any surface having a curvature different from the partially reflecting surface 4.
- step S1 a phase law t> 4 (x, y, z) to be applied to the Cn cells is determined.
- the phase law t> 4 (x, y, z) is determined by taking into account in particular the curvature of the partially reflecting surface 4 and the curvature of the target surface.
- the target surface is a plane P.
- FIG. 4 represents Cn cells belonging to the (X, Y, Z 0 ) plane.
- the partially reflecting surface 4 has symmetry along the ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) plane, only Cn cells with positive abscissae have been shown.
- phase law t> 4 (x, y, z 0 ) to be applied to the Cn cells arranged in the plane (X, Y, Z 0 ) can then be defined by the equation: Where X, and y, respectively denote the abscissa and the ordinate of the cell
- the curve of FIG. 5 represents the phase law t> 4 (x, y, z 0 ) to be applied to the Cn cells arranged in the plane (X, Y, Z 0 ).
- the phase law t> 4 (x, y, z) does not depend on the coordinate z.
- the phase law t> 4 (x, y, z) to be applied to the Cn cells can therefore be defined by the equation:
- step S2 the resonant cells Cn are individually configured to introduce an incident phase radiated by the source 3 to the passage of an incident wave corresponding to the phase law determined in step S1.
- the phase shift ⁇ 4 , ⁇ introduced to the incident wave by a resonant cell Cn can be adjusted passively by modifying the capacitance C, and / or the inductance L, of the cell Cn.
- the capacitance C, of a cell It can be modified by increasing or decreasing the width of the metal zones and / or the width of the dielectric between two adjacent metal zones.
- the inductance L, of a cell Cn can be modified by increasing or decreasing the width of the metal zone and / or the width of the dielectric between the metal zone and a neighboring metal zone.
- FIG. 6 represents a view from above of a partially reflecting surface 4 corresponding to the phase law determined in step S1. It will be noted that a given phase shift can be obtained by several different combinations of capacitance and inductance values.
- Figure 7 shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 1 obtained by the implementation of the method described above.
- the method thus makes it possible to obtain a directional radiation from a set of micro-antennas initially forming a surface of any curvature.
- the phase law ⁇ 4 ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) is further determined taking into account a desired misalignment angle.
- the phase law is then determined so that the resonant cells Cn introduce on an incident wave a phase shift allowing to obtain, by interference between the waves passing through the resonant cells Cn, a global directional radiation in the predetermined depointing direction.
- phase law ⁇ 4 ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) determined in step S1 takes into account the desired misalignment angle.
- the misalignment angle of the antenna 1 can be passively controlled by modifying the capacitances C and / or the inductances L of the Cn cells.
- the misalignment angle of the antenna 1 can furthermore be actively controlled by using varactor diodes.
- FIG. 8 represents an active control embodiment in which two adjacent electrical contacts of the capacitive gate GC are electrically connected by a variable capacitance diode (varactors).
- phase shift introduced on the incident wave by a resonant cell Cn can then be adjusted dynamically by modifying the bias voltage of the variable capacitance diode, for example as described in document EP 2 266 166.
- the angle of misalignment of the antenna 1 can thus be dynamically controlled, and in particular be modified over time.
Landscapes
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1201835A FR2992780B1 (fr) | 2012-06-28 | 2012-06-28 | Antenne a cavite resonante |
| PCT/EP2013/063215 WO2014001295A1 (fr) | 2012-06-28 | 2013-06-25 | Antenne a cavite resonante |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2867953A1 true EP2867953A1 (fr) | 2015-05-06 |
Family
ID=47501292
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13739155.3A Withdrawn EP2867953A1 (fr) | 2012-06-28 | 2013-06-25 | Antenne a cavite resonante |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9647344B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2867953A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2992780B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014001295A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3401999B1 (fr) * | 2016-01-07 | 2020-10-07 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Dispositif d'antenne à lentille de luneberg |
| CN113097736B (zh) * | 2021-03-07 | 2023-03-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | 一种新型频率及波束可重构天线 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7429961B2 (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2008-09-30 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Method for fabricating antenna structures having adjustable radiation characteristics |
| US8743003B2 (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2014-06-03 | Universite Paris Sub (Paris II) | Steerable electronic microwave antenna |
| US8149179B2 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2012-04-03 | Raytheon Company | Low loss variable phase reflect array using dual resonance phase-shifting element |
-
2012
- 2012-06-28 FR FR1201835A patent/FR2992780B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-06-25 WO PCT/EP2013/063215 patent/WO2014001295A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2013-06-25 EP EP13739155.3A patent/EP2867953A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-06-25 US US14/411,431 patent/US9647344B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2014001295A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014001295A1 (fr) | 2014-01-03 |
| FR2992780A1 (fr) | 2014-01-03 |
| US9647344B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 |
| FR2992780B1 (fr) | 2016-10-14 |
| US20160079678A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: UNIVERSITE PARIS-SUD Owner name: UNIVERSITE PARIS OUEST NANTERRE LA DEFENSE Owner name: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE (C.N. |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20230404 |