EP2863155B1 - Heat pump with dewing protection - Google Patents
Heat pump with dewing protection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2863155B1 EP2863155B1 EP14186541.0A EP14186541A EP2863155B1 EP 2863155 B1 EP2863155 B1 EP 2863155B1 EP 14186541 A EP14186541 A EP 14186541A EP 2863155 B1 EP2863155 B1 EP 2863155B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- power output
- output stage
- heat pump
- control unit
- bridge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGJHURKAWUJHLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FCC(F)=C(F)F PGJHURKAWUJHLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/26—Problems to be solved characterised by the startup of the refrigeration cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/31—Low ambient temperatures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21153—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor of electronic components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/006—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass for preventing frost
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat pump with a compressor.
- the heat pump also has an electronically commutated electric motor connected to the compressor.
- the heat pump also has a power output stage connected to the electric motor, in particular an inverter, the power output stage being designed to energize the electric motor in order to generate a rotating magnetic field.
- the heat pump also has a refrigerant circuit, which is connected in a heat-conducting manner to the power output stage, so that heat loss generated by the power output stage can be released to the refrigerant circuit.
- a heat pump according to the preamble of claim 1 in which a cooling device for condensing moisture is provided in the area of a housing wall.
- the heat pump of the type mentioned at the outset has at least one temperature sensor which is arranged to detect a temperature of the power output stage and to generate a temperature signal representing the temperature.
- the heat pump has a control unit connected to the temperature sensor, which is designed to control the power output stage as a function of the temperature signal in such a way that heat loss can be generated in the power output stage by means of a leakage current flowing through the power output stage. It is thus advantageously possible to counteract subcooling and thus condensation on the power output stage and the electronic components of the heat pump thermally coupled to the power output stage by means of the heat loss generated by the leakage current.
- the electric motor is decoupled from the leakage current.
- the electric motor is further preferably decoupled from the leakage current in such a way that the leakage current cannot contribute to the torque formation of the electric motor.
- the electric motor is further preferably decoupled from the leakage current generated in the power output stage in such a way that no leakage current flows through the motor from the power output stage.
- the heat pump has at least one intermediate circuit choke connected to the power output stage.
- the power output stage has at least one semiconductor switch half-bridge, the control unit being designed to generate a switch-through control pulse as a function of the temperature signal for each of the semiconductor switches of the half-bridge and to transmit it to the semiconductor switch and thus to switch the semiconductor switch of the semiconductor switch half-bridge during a switch-through Switching the time interval on simultaneously.
- This switching state of both semiconductor switches of a half-bridge in particular comprising a high-side semiconductor switch and a low-side semiconductor switch, is called cross conduction, or shoot-through, in English.
- the semiconductor switch half-bridge is also called half-bridge in the following.
- the at least one intermediate circuit choke is preferably designed to limit a current increase in the leakage current flowing through the half-bridge during the switching time interval.
- the leakage current can advantageously be generated in a targeted manner in the power output stage, in order to specifically heat the power output stage and electronics connected to the power output stage in a heat-conducting manner.
- the electric motor does not need to be energized during the generation of the heat loss, so that no additional losses are generated in the electric motor that cannot contribute to the heating of the electronics.
- the electric motor is preferably formed by a stator comprising stator coils and a rotor, in particular a permanent magnet rotor.
- control unit is designed to only partially control the semiconductor switches, so that a leakage current flowing through the semiconductor switches is limited.
- a leakage current flowing through the semiconductor switches is limited.
- an excessive increase in the leakage current during the switching time interval can advantageously be prevented.
- the power output stage has at least two semiconductor switch half-bridges, the control unit being designed to switch the semiconductor switch half-bridges in succession in the on-state for generating the leakage current.
- a power loss generated in the power output stage can advantageously be divided between the semiconductor switch half bridges of the power output stage, as a result of which a uniform heat distribution of the heat loss in the power output stage, and thus in the electronics, can be brought about.
- the control unit is preferably designed to generate an overlap time interval and to simultaneously control at least two of the semiconductor switch half-bridges into the on-state during the overlap time interval. In this way, the heat loss power generated in the power output stage can advantageously be changed, preferably as a function of the temperature signal.
- control unit is designed to generate a chronological sequence of switching control pulses for at least one semiconductor switch half-bridge.
- switch-through state can advantageously be generated by a pulse-width modulator of the control unit during the switch-through time interval, the pulse-width modulator being designed to control the power output stage for generating the aforementioned magnetic rotating field by means of pulse-width-modulated control pulses or block commutation.
- control unit is designed to detect the leakage current during the switch-through time interval and to generate the switch-through time interval, in particular a time period or a switch-off time of the switch-through time interval, as a function of the leakage current.
- a current regulation in particular a current-limiting regulation of the leakage current, can advantageously be formed.
- the heat pump has an ambient temperature sensor connected to the control unit, which is designed and arranged to detect an ambient temperature of the power output stage and to generate an ambient temperature signal representing the ambient temperature.
- the control unit is designed to determine a temperature difference from the temperature signals, in particular the aforementioned temperature signal and the ambient temperature signal, and to generate the switching control pulse and the electric motor as a function of the temperature difference, in particular when the electronics temperature falls below a predetermined temperature difference compared to the ambient temperature - preferably to be switched off or not yet switched on during a switching interval in which the electronics are heated or preheated.
- the control unit is preferably designed as a function of a predetermined temperature difference, in particular when the predetermined temperature difference is reached, to switch on the electric motor and thus activate the refrigeration cycle.
- condensation on the power output stage more preferably on electronics additionally connected to the power output stage in a heat-conducting manner, can advantageously be prevented by preheating the electronics during the switching time interval before the compressor starts up.
- the temperature sensor and / or the ambient temperature sensor is formed, for example, by at least one NTC resistor.
- the temperature sensor is integrated, for example, in an integrated circuit, in particular the control unit or the power output stage, and is designed to detect the temperature of the integrated circuit, and thus also electronic components of the heat pump, in particular the power output stage, which are thermally coupled to the integrated circuit.
- the heat pump in particular the control unit, has a phase correction unit.
- the phase correction unit is designed to at least partially or completely compensate for a reactive power generated by the electric motor, and for this purpose to set a phase shift between a current drawn by the electric motor and a voltage supplying the electric motor to a supply network connected to the electric motor.
- the control unit is designed to switch the phase correction unit on and off during the switching time interval.
- the power loss can be modulated, in particular pulse-width-modulated, by the phase correction unit during the switching time interval, more preferably while the at least one half-bridge is switched to the switching state by means of the switching control pulses.
- the phase correction unit which is designed, for example, as an integrated circuit, in particular a microcontroller or microprocessor, can even generate heat loss during operation as a result of switching losses during the modulation of the switching signal, which causes the control unit to condense in addition to that in the power output stage can prevent heat loss generated. It was recognized that by switching the phase correction unit on and off quickly by switching losses during the switching, waste heat can be generated, which can contribute to the heat loss of the power output stage.
- the heat pump preferably has a moisture sensor connected to the control unit, which is designed to detect a relative air humidity surrounding the control unit, in particular capacitively or resistively, and to generate a moisture signal representing the air humidity.
- the control unit is preferably designed to control the power output stage as a function of the moisture signal in such a way that heat loss can be generated in the power output stage by means of a leakage current flowing through the power output stage.
- the control unit is preferably designed to generate the switching signal as a function of the moisture signal.
- a risk of condensation on the control unit can advantageously be detected independently or in addition to the temperature sensor, and the leakage current can be generated if a predetermined humidity value of the relative air humidity is exceeded.
- the invention also relates to a method for preventing thawing of a control unit of a heat pump with an electric motor driving a refrigerant circuit of the heat pump.
- the control unit is coupled to the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump in a heat-conducting manner. Furthermore, in the method, a temperature of the control unit is detected and a corresponding temperature signal is generated and, depending on the temperature signal, a switching control pulse is generated for two semiconductor switches forming a half-bridge of a power output stage of the heat pump connected to the electric motor. The half bridge is switched on depending on the switch-through control pulse and thus generates heat loss.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a heat pump 1.
- the heat pump 1 has a compressor 2 with an electric motor 3.
- the electric motor 3 has a rotor 4, in this exemplary embodiment a permanent magnet rotor 4.
- the rotor 4 is connected to a compressor 5 via a rotor shaft.
- the compressor 5 is designed - driven by the electric motor 3 - to compress a refrigerant of a refrigerant circuit 6.
- the refrigerant is, for example, a refrigerant comprising difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane, in particular R410a, or tetrafluoroethane, also called R134a or tetrafluoropropene, also called R1234yf.
- the refrigerant circuit 6 comprises, for example, a heat exchanger to which heat pumped by the compressor 2 can be given off.
- the compressor 5 is connected on the output side to the refrigerant circuit 6 by means of a fluid line 13.
- the refrigerant circuit 6 is connected on the output side to a cooling element 23 by means of a fluid line 14.
- the cooling element 23 is connected on the output side to the compressor 5 of the compressor 2 by means of a fluid line 15.
- the heat pump 1 also has a power output stage 7 for energizing the electric motor 3.
- the output stage 7 is connected on the output side via an electrical connection 19 to the electric motor 3, and there to stator coils of a stator of the electric motor 3.
- the heat pump 1 also has a control unit 8, which is connected on the input side to an ambient temperature sensor 9 and to a temperature sensor 10.
- the temperature sensor 10 is connected to the power output stage 7 and is designed to record a temperature of the power output stage 7 and to generate and output a temperature signal representing the recorded temperature.
- the temperature sensor 10 is connected to the control unit 8 via a connecting line 21.
- the ambient temperature sensor 9 is at least indirectly connected to the control unit 8, in this exemplary embodiment via a connecting line 20 to the control unit 8. In contrast to the connection line 20, the ambient temperature sensor can be indirectly connected to the control unit 8 via a data bus or a field bus.
- the heat pump 1, in particular the control unit 8 has an intermediate circuit element 11.
- the intermediate circuit element 11 comprises at least one choke and at least one intermediate circuit capacitor.
- the power output stage 7 is connected to the cooling element 23 in a heat-conducting manner via a heat-conducting connection 16.
- the power output stage 7 has, for example, semiconductor switch half bridges, in particular three semiconductor switch half bridges.
- the semiconductor switches of the semiconductor switch half-bridges are formed, for example, by a field effect transistor, in particular a MOS-FET, or by transistors, for example IGBT transistors.
- the control unit 8 is connected to the cooling element 23 via a heat-conducting connection 17.
- the heat-conducting connections 16 and 17 are formed, for example, by housing parts of the control unit 8 or the power output stage 7, which are thermally conductively connected to the cooling element 23, for example formed by a metal block, in particular an aluminum block, designed to conduct fluid, by means of a heat-conducting agent, for example a silicone paste.
- the control unit 8 is designed to control control connections of the semiconductor switches of the power output stage 7 via the electrical connection 18 such that the power output stage 7 can energize the electric motor 3 via the electrical connection 19 to generate a magnetic rotating field for rotating the rotor 4.
- control unit 8 and the power output stage 7, which each have electronic components which are designed to generate heat loss during operation. This heat loss can be dissipated during operation of the compressor two via the refrigerant circuit 6 and the cooling element 23 connected to the refrigerant circuit 6, via the heat-conducting connections 16 and 17.
- the heat pump 1 can prevent condensation on the control unit 8, and in this exemplary embodiment also on the power output stage 7, as follows:
- the control unit 8 is designed to apply a switch-through signal to at least a portion of the semiconductor switch half-bridges of the power output stage 7 and thus the semiconductor switch of the at least one before starting to control the power output stage 7 to move the rotor 4 of the electric motor 3 to activate the refrigerant circuit 6 To control the half bridge jointly.
- the power output stage 7 or additionally the phase correction unit can then generate heat loss without energizing the motor 3.
- the power output stage 7 or additionally the phase correction unit can then conduct the heat loss via the heat-conducting connection 16 to the control unit 8 and to the cooling element 23.
- the heat-conducting connection 16 between the power output stage 7 and the control unit 8 is formed, for example, by a common sheet metal housing or a common heat-conducting plate, the control unit 8 and the power output stage 7 each being coupled in a heat-conducting manner to the heat-conductive plate.
- the control unit 8 is designed to generate the switching signal for controlling the at least one half bridge of the power output stage 7 as a function of the temperature sensor 10 or additionally as a function of the temperature signal generated by the ambient temperature sensor 9.
- the control unit 8 is designed, for example, to form a difference from the temperature signal of the ambient temperature sensor 9 and the temperature signal of the temperature sensor 10 and to generate a temperature difference signal representing the difference.
- the control unit 8 is further developed to compare the temperature difference signal with a predetermined value for a predetermined temperature difference and, in the event of a deviating temperature difference, represented by the temperature difference signal, in particular less than the predetermined temperature difference value above the ambient temperature, to generate the switching signal and on the output side to send the connection 18 to the power output stage 7.
- control unit 8 can have a discriminator 50 which is connected on the input side to the connecting lines 20 and 21 of the temperature sensor 10 and the ambient temperature sensor 9, respectively.
- the discriminator 50 is connected to a memory 51 of the control unit 8, a data record 52 which represents the aforementioned predetermined temperature difference value being held in the memory 51.
- the temperature difference value represented by data set 52 represents, for example, a temperature difference of five degrees Kelvin, by which the temperature of the power output stage should be greater than the ambient temperature, so that condensation on the control unit and / or the power output stage 7 can be prevented when the compressor 2 starts up.
- the data record can represent a temperature map - for example in the form of a look-up table - in which a predetermined temperature difference is assigned for each ambient temperature.
- the temperature differences from the ambient temperatures are, for example, different from one another, lower ambient temperatures being associated with a larger temperature difference and higher ambient temperatures being associated with a smaller temperature difference.
- the heat pump 1 shown can have a phase correction unit 12 in addition to the components described so far.
- the phase correction unit 12 can be part of the control unit 8, for example.
- the phase correction unit can be formed by a microcontroller which is accommodated in a housing of the control unit together with a processing unit which is designed to control the power output stage in a block-commutated or pulse-width-modulated manner and thus to produce a magnetic rotating field for rotating the rotor.
- the control unit 8 together with the phase correction unit 12, is designed to control the power output stage 7 for rotating the rotor 4 of the electric motor 3 in such a way that the phase angle between a motor current and a motor voltage - in particular towards a supply network - is as small as possible.
- the at least one half bridge in the on state can advantageously be activated by the phase correction unit 12, as will be explained below with reference to FIG Figures 2 and 3rd is described.
- control unit 8 can be connected to a humidity sensor 74, which is designed to detect a relative humidity surrounding the control unit 8 and to generate a humidity signal representing the humidity.
- the control unit 8 is preferably designed to generate the switch-through signal as a function of the moisture signal, in particular when a humidity value represented by the moisture signal is exceeded.
- Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a schematically illustrated circuit arrangement, comprising the in Figure 1 Power output stage 7 already shown, the electric motor 3, in particular the stator coils of the electric motor 3, the intermediate circuit element 11 and the phase correction unit 12.
- the intermediate circuit element 11 comprises an intermediate circuit capacitor 29 and two intermediate circuit reactors 27 and 28.
- the intermediate circuit reactor 27 is in a positive branch Power supply of the power output stage 7 connected in series and the intermediate circuit choke 28 is connected in series in a negative power supply branch of the power output stage 7 with the power output stage 7.
- the power output stage 7 comprises three semiconductor switch half bridges, which are connected together in a B6 arrangement.
- the power output stage 7 has two semiconductor switches 31 and 32, which together form a first semiconductor switch half-bridge.
- the power output stage 7 also has two further semiconductor switches 33 and 34, which together form a second semiconductor switch half-bridge and two further semiconductor switches 35 and 36, which together form a third semiconductor switch half-bridge.
- the phase correction unit 12 shown is represented by an equivalent circuit diagram comprising an AC direct voltage source 24, a switch 26 and a diode 25.
- the voltage source 24 is designed with an adjustable output voltage
- the diode 25 represents a freewheeling diode to the intermediate circuit chokes 27 and 28.
- the control unit 8 shown can, for example, conductively conduct the semiconductor switch half-bridge comprising the transistors 31 and 32.
- the switch 26 is still open at the time of the control in the on-state.
- the switch 26 can then be closed to generate a switch-through time interval, controlled by the control unit 8.
- the power loss which is generated by means of the half-bridge comprising the transistors 31 and 32 in the power output stage 7 can thus be modulated, in particular pulse-width-modulated, by means of the phase correction unit 12.
- the switch-through time interval that is, the time interval during which at least one semiconductor switch half-bridge of the power output stage 7 is switched into the switch-through state, can be generated by the control unit 8 and by directly actuating the semiconductor switch that into the switch-through state half bridge to be switched are generated.
- the diagram 37 in Figure 3 has a time axis 38 as the abscissa and an amplitude axis 39 as the ordinate.
- the amplitude axis 39 represents an amount of the power loss generating the power loss, which flows through the half-bridge switched to the on state.
- a curve 40 is also shown, which represents the leakage current.
- the diagram 37 also has a further ordinate 44, which in this exemplary embodiment is represented by the switch 26 in Figure 2 modulated switching state of the at least one half bridge, for example the half bridge comprising the transistors 31 and 32 in Figure 2 , represents.
- a curve with control pulses 41, 42 and 43 which shows the time course of the switching state, in the example of Figure 2 , of the switch 26 represents the switching element modulating the half-bridge.
- a leakage current can flow through the half-bridge.
- a switch-through time interval 70 is shown, during which in the power output stage 7 in Figure 2 a power loss for raising the temperature of the power output stage 7 and the control unit 8 is generated.
- a control pulse time interval 45 no current flows through the power output stage 7.
- the switch 26 in Figure 2 is opened.
- the control unit 8 in then controls Figure 1 - Switched at least one of the half bridges of the power output stage 7 into the on-state.
- the phase correction unit 12 is activated by closing the switch 26, so that a control pulse 41 is generated with the control pulse duration 45.
- the current generating the power loss represented by the curve 40, increases steeply during the control pulse time interval 45, starting from a current value of zero amperes - limited by the intermediate circuit choke 27 - up to a current value at approximately 19 amperes, at the switch-off time of the control pulse 41 at the end of the Control pulse time interval 45.
- the control pulse duration 45 of the control pulse 41 is one millisecond in this exemplary embodiment.
- the intermediate circuit current can drop again, one in the intermediate circuit choke 27 stored energy can be reduced again via the freewheeling diode 25 and the transistors 31 and 32.
- the control unit 8 When the intermediate circuit current has reached a predetermined minimum current value, in this exemplary embodiment the minimum value is ten amperes, the control unit 8 generates a further control pulse 42 for closing the switch 26 of the phase correction unit 12.
- a control pulse duration 46 of the control pulse 42 is half a millisecond.
- the aforementioned intermediate circuit current can be detected, for example, by means of a current sensor, in particular a shunt resistor, and a current signal representing the intermediate circuit current can be generated.
- the control unit 8 is designed to generate the pulse pause time interval 53 as a function of the current signal.
- the control pulse 42 is followed by a further pulse pause with a pulse pause time interval 54 and then another control pulse 43 with a control pulse duration 46.
- the control unit 8 is designed, for example, to have a control pulse duration 46 of the control pulses 41, 42 and 43, depending on the aforementioned current signal, for example at Reaching a predetermined current peak value.
- the switching time interval 70 comprises, by way of example, three control pulses 41, 42 and 43 for generating the switching state of the half bridges of the power output stage 7 in Figure 1 .
- the temperature of the power output stage is 7 in Figure 1 by the value of the temperature difference represented by data set 52 in Figure 1 , greater than the ambient temperature, detected by the ambient temperature sensor 9.
- the power output stage 7, the control unit 8 and the cooling element 23 then have stored enough thermal energy so that during the subsequent operation of the electric motor 3 to activate the refrigerant circuit 6, the temperature of the control unit 8 and the power output stage 7 cannot fall below or not significantly below the ambient temperature, so that there is no risk of thawing the control unit 8 and the power output stage 7.
- the switching time interval 70 is followed by an operating time interval 48 during which the electric motor 3 in - for example after a predetermined pause interval when the intermediate circuit current has dropped sufficiently Figure 1 can be energized to operate the heat pump 1.
- Figure 4 shows a diagram 47, in which a switching pattern is shown, with which the power output stage 7 can be energized to generate the power loss.
- the diagram 47 comprises an abscissa 38, which represents a time axis and an ordinate 39, which represents an amplitude axis. This is also shown in Figure 3 Switching-through time interval 70 already shown, during which the phase correction unit 12 is activated by means of the control pulses 41, 42 and 43.
- the diagram 47 shows a curve 55 which shows a switching state on or off of the transistor 31 in Figure 2 represents a curve 56 which represents a switching state of the transistor 32, a curve 57 which represents a switching state of the transistor 33, a curve 58 which represents a switching state of the transistor 34, a curve 59 which represents a switching state of the transistor 35 and a curve 60, which represents a switching state of the transistor 36.
- the transistors 31, 33 and 35 each form a high-side transistor of the respective half-bridge, the transistors 32, 34 and 36 each form a low-side transistor of the respective half-bridge.
- the half bridges of the power output stage 7 are activated chronologically one after the other by means of a switching control pulse during the switching time interval 70.
- the half bridge 71 is comprehensive the transistors 31 and 32 for generating the leakage current are switched to the on-state by means of a switch-through control pulse 81 for the semiconductor switch 31 and a switch-through control pulse 82 for the semiconductor switch 32.
- the remaining half-bridges 72 and 73 comprising the transistors 33 and 34 or 35 and 36, are switched off during the activation of the half-bridge 71, comprising the transistors 31 and 32.
- the half bridge 72 comprising the transistors 33 and 34, is controlled by the control unit 8 in Figure 1 switched into the on-state by means of a switch-through control pulse 83 for the semiconductor switch 33, and a switch-through control pulse 84 for the semiconductor switch 34, -.
- the control unit 8 switches the half-bridge 73, comprising the transistors 35 and 36, by means of a switch-through control pulse 85 for the semiconductor switch 35 and a switch-through control pulse 86 for the semiconductor switch 36 , switched through.
- the control unit 8 in Figure 1 is designed to switch the half bridges 71, 72 and 73 of the power output stage 7 one after the other into the on-state to generate the power loss, so that the power loss to be generated can be divided among the half bridges.
- the half bridges of the power output stage 7 are thus subjected to uniform wear.
- Figure 5 shows an embodiment in which the control unit 8 in Figure 1 is designed to switch the half bridges of the power output stage 7 overlapping one another in the on-state.
- Figure 5 shows a diagram 67 which, like diagram 47 in FIG Figure 4 has a time axis 38 and an amplitude axis 49. Shown are a curve 61 which shows a switching state of the transistor 31 of the power output stage 7 in Figure 1 represents a curve 62, which represents a switching state of the transistor 32, a curve 63 and a curve 64, each representing a switching state of the half-bridge, comprising the transistors 33 and 34, respectively, and a curve 65 and a curve 66, each of which represents a switching state of the transistors 35 and 36 represent the third half-bridge of the power output stage 7.
- a curve 61 which shows a switching state of the transistor 31 of the power output stage 7 in Figure 1 represents a curve 62, which represents a switching state of the transistor 32, a curve 63 and a curve 64, each representing a switching state of the half-bridge, comprising the transistors 33 and 34, respectively
- a curve 65 and a curve 66 each of which represents a switching state of the transistors
- the control unit 8 in Figure 1 is designed to switch the half bridges of the power output stage 7 on and off one after the other, the further half bridge, for example the half bridge comprising the transistors 33 and 34, being switched on before the first half bridge comprising the transistors 31 and 32 is switched off.
- the current flow in the intermediate circuit can be safely continued and voltage peaks caused by a possible interruption of the intermediate circuit current can be avoided.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Wärmepumpe mit einem Kompressor. Die Wärmepumpe weist auch einen mit dem Kompressor verbundenen elektronisch kommutierten Elektromotor auf. Die Wärmepumpe weist auch eine mit dem Elektromotor verbundene Leistungsendstufe, insbesondere einen Inverter auf, wobei die Leistungsendstufe ausgebildet ist, den Elektromotor zum Erzeugen eines magnetischen Drehfeldes zu bestromen. Die Wärmepumpe weist auch einen Kältemittelkreislauf auf, welcher mit der Leistungsendstufe wärmeleitend verbunden ist, sodass von der Leistungsendstufe erzeugte Verlustwärme an den Kältemittelkreislauf abgegeben werden kann.The invention relates to a heat pump with a compressor. The heat pump also has an electronically commutated electric motor connected to the compressor. The heat pump also has a power output stage connected to the electric motor, in particular an inverter, the power output stage being designed to energize the electric motor in order to generate a rotating magnetic field. The heat pump also has a refrigerant circuit, which is connected in a heat-conducting manner to the power output stage, so that heat loss generated by the power output stage can be released to the refrigerant circuit.
Bei aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Wärmepumpen mit der eingangs genannten Anbindung der Leistungsendstufe an den Kältemittelkreislauf besteht das Problem, dass die Leistungsendstufe beim Anlaufen des Kompressors noch nicht hinreichend eigene Verlustwärme erzeugt und so stark gekühlt werden kann, dass Feuchtigkeit einer Umgebungsluft an einer Elektronik der Leistungsendstufe kondensiert. Diese kondensierende Feuchtigkeit kann die Funktion der Leistungsendstufe, insbesondere der Elektronik, beeinträchtigen.In heat pumps known from the prior art with the aforementioned connection of the power output stage to the refrigerant circuit, there is the problem that the power output stage does not yet generate its own sufficient heat loss when the compressor starts up and can be cooled to such an extent that moisture in the ambient air can be found in the electronics of the Power output stage condensed. This condensing moisture can impair the function of the power output stage, especially the electronics.
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird eine Wärmepumpe mit den Merkmale von Anspruch 1 offenbart.According to the present invention, a heat pump having the features of claim 1 is disclosed.
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Wärmepumpe der eingangs genannten Art wenigstens einen Temperatursensor auf, welcher angeordnet ist, eine Temperatur der Leistungsendstufe zu erfassen und ein die Temperatur repräsentierendes Temperatursignal zu erzeugen. Die Wärmepumpe weist eine mit dem Temperatursensor verbundene Steuereinheit auf, welche ausgebildet ist, die Leistungsendstufe in Abhängigkeit des Temperatursignals derart anzusteuern, dass in der Leistungsendstufe mittels eines durch die Leistungsendstufe fließenden Verluststromes Verlustwärme erzeugt werden kann. So kann vorteilhaft mittels der durch den Verluststrom erzeugten Verlustwärme einer Unterkühlung und so einer Betauung der Leistungsendstufe und der mit der Leistungsendstufe thermisch gekoppelten elektronischen Bauteile der Wärmepumpe entgegengewirkt werden.According to the invention, the heat pump of the type mentioned at the outset has at least one temperature sensor which is arranged to detect a temperature of the power output stage and to generate a temperature signal representing the temperature. The heat pump has a control unit connected to the temperature sensor, which is designed to control the power output stage as a function of the temperature signal in such a way that heat loss can be generated in the power output stage by means of a leakage current flowing through the power output stage. It is thus advantageously possible to counteract subcooling and thus condensation on the power output stage and the electronic components of the heat pump thermally coupled to the power output stage by means of the heat loss generated by the leakage current.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Elektromotor vom Verluststrom entkoppelt. Weiter bevorzugt ist der Elektromotor vom Verluststrom derart entkoppelt, dass der Verluststrom zur Drehmomentbildung des Elektromotors nicht beitragen kann. Weiter bevorzugt ist der Elektromotor von dem in der Leistungsendstufe erzeugten Verluststrom derart entkoppelt, dass kein Verluststrom von der Leistungsendstufe durch den Motor fließt. So kann vorteilhaft - beispielsweise vor einem Betrieb des Elektromotors, und somit vor einem Anlaufen des Kompressors - die Leistungsendstufe mittels der zuvor erwähnten Ansteuerung in Abhängigkeit des Temperatursignals gezielt vorgewärmt werden, wobei in dem Elektromotor während des Vorwärmens keine Verlustleistung erzeugt wird.In a preferred embodiment, the electric motor is decoupled from the leakage current. The electric motor is further preferably decoupled from the leakage current in such a way that the leakage current cannot contribute to the torque formation of the electric motor. The electric motor is further preferably decoupled from the leakage current generated in the power output stage in such a way that no leakage current flows through the motor from the power output stage. Thus, advantageously - for example before operating the electric motor, and thus before starting the compressor - the power output stage can be preheated in a targeted manner as a function of the temperature signal, with no power loss being generated in the electric motor during preheating.
Gemäss der Erfindung weist die Wärmepumpe wenigstens eine mit der Leistungsendstufe verbundene Zwischenkreisdrossel auf. Die Leistungsendstufe weist wenigstens eine Halbleiterschalter-Halbbrücke auf, wobei die Steuereinheit ausgebildet ist, in Abhängigkeit des Temperatursignals für jeden der Halbleiterschalter der Halbbrücke einen Durchschalt-Steuerpuls zu erzeugen und an die Halbleiterschalter zu senden und so die Halbleiterschalter der Halbleiterschalter-Halbbrücke während eines Durchschalt-Zeitintervalls gleichzeitig leitend zu schalten. Dieser Schaltzustand beider Halbleiterschalter einer Halbbrücke, insbesondere umfassend einen High-Side-Halbleiterschalter und einen Low-Side-Halbleiterschalter, wird im Englischen cross conduction, oder Shoot-Through genannt. Die Halbleiterschalter-Halbbrücke wird im Folgenden auch Halbbrücke genannt.According to the invention, the heat pump has at least one intermediate circuit choke connected to the power output stage. The power output stage has at least one semiconductor switch half-bridge, the control unit being designed to generate a switch-through control pulse as a function of the temperature signal for each of the semiconductor switches of the half-bridge and to transmit it to the semiconductor switch and thus to switch the semiconductor switch of the semiconductor switch half-bridge during a switch-through Switching the time interval on simultaneously. This switching state of both semiconductor switches of a half-bridge, in particular comprising a high-side semiconductor switch and a low-side semiconductor switch, is called cross conduction, or shoot-through, in English. The semiconductor switch half-bridge is also called half-bridge in the following.
Bevorzugt ist die wenigstens eine Zwischenkreisdrossel ausgebildet, einen Stromanstieg des durch die Halbbrücke während des Durchschalt-Zeitintervalls fließenden Verluststromes zu begrenzen.The at least one intermediate circuit choke is preferably designed to limit a current increase in the leakage current flowing through the half-bridge during the switching time interval.
Mittels der so gebildeten Durchschalt-Ansteuerung der Leistungsendstufe zum Erzeugen des Verluststromes kann der Verluststrom vorteilhaft gezielt in der Leistungsendstufe erzeugt werden, um so die Leistungsendstufe und eine mit der Leistungsendstufe wärmeleitend verbundene Elektronik gezielt zu erwärmen. Vorteilhaft braucht der Elektromotor während des Erzeugens der Verlustwärme nicht bestromt werden, so dass im Elektromotor keine zusätzlichen Verluste erzeugt werden, die zur Erwärmung der Elektronik nicht beitragen können.By means of the switch-through control of the power output stage for generating the leakage current, the leakage current can advantageously be generated in a targeted manner in the power output stage, in order to specifically heat the power output stage and electronics connected to the power output stage in a heat-conducting manner. Advantageously, the electric motor does not need to be energized during the generation of the heat loss, so that no additional losses are generated in the electric motor that cannot contribute to the heating of the electronics.
Der Elektromotor ist bevorzugt durch einen Stator umfassend Statorspulen und einen Rotor, insbesondere einen permanentmagnetisch ausgebildeten Rotor, gebildet.The electric motor is preferably formed by a stator comprising stator coils and a rotor, in particular a permanent magnet rotor.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Steuereinheit ausgebildet, die Halbleiterschalter nur teilweise durchzusteuern, sodass ein durch die Halbleiterschalter fließender Verluststrom begrenzt ist. So kann vorteilhaft zusätzlich zur Strombegrenzung der Zwischenkreisdrossel, oder unabhängig von einer Strombegrenzung des Verluststromes durch die Zwischenkreisdrossel, ein zu starker Anstieg des Verluststromes während des Durchschalt-Zeitintervalls verhindert werden.In a preferred embodiment, the control unit is designed to only partially control the semiconductor switches, so that a leakage current flowing through the semiconductor switches is limited. In addition to the current limitation of the intermediate circuit choke or independently of a current limitation of the leakage current by the intermediate circuit choke, an excessive increase in the leakage current during the switching time interval can advantageously be prevented.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Leistungsendstufe wenigstens zwei Halbleiterschalter-Halbbrücken auf, wobei die Steuereinheit ausgebildet ist, die Halbleiterschalter-Halbbrücken zum Erzeugen des Verluststromes zeitlich aufeinanderfolgend in dem Durchschalt-Zustand zu schalten. So kann vorteilhaft eine in der Leistungsendstufe erzeugte Verlustleistung zwischen den Halbleiterschalter-Halbbrücken der Leistungsendstufe aufgeteilt werden, wodurch eine gleichmäßige Wärmeverteilung der Verlustwärme in der Leistungsendstufe, und so in der Elektronik bewirkt werden kann.In a preferred embodiment, the power output stage has at least two semiconductor switch half-bridges, the control unit being designed to switch the semiconductor switch half-bridges in succession in the on-state for generating the leakage current. Thus, a power loss generated in the power output stage can advantageously be divided between the semiconductor switch half bridges of the power output stage, as a result of which a uniform heat distribution of the heat loss in the power output stage, and thus in the electronics, can be brought about.
Bevorzugt ist die Steuereinheit ausgebildet, ein Überlappungszeitintervall zu erzeugen und wenigstens zwei der Halbleiterschalter-Halbbrücken während des Überlappungszeitintervalls gleichzeitig in den Durchschalt-Zustand durchzusteuern. So kann die in der Leistungsendstufe erzeugte Verlustwärme Leistung vorteilhaft - bevorzugt in Abhängigkeit des Temperatursignals - geändert werden.The control unit is preferably designed to generate an overlap time interval and to simultaneously control at least two of the semiconductor switch half-bridges into the on-state during the overlap time interval. In this way, the heat loss power generated in the power output stage can advantageously be changed, preferably as a function of the temperature signal.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Steuereinheit ausgebildet, eine zeitliche Folge von Durchschalt-Steuerpulsen für wenigstens eine Halbleiterschalter-Halbbrücke zu erzeugen. So kann der Durchschalt-Zustand während des Durchschalt-Zeitintervalls vorteilhaft von einem Pulsweitenmodulator der Steuereinheit erzeugt werden, wobei der Pulsweitenmodulator ausgebildet ist, die Leistungsendstufe zum Erzeugen des zuvor erwähnten magnetischen Drehfeldes mittels pulsweitenmodulierten Steuerpulsen oder Blockkommutierung anzusteuern.In a preferred embodiment, the control unit is designed to generate a chronological sequence of switching control pulses for at least one semiconductor switch half-bridge. For example, the switch-through state can advantageously be generated by a pulse-width modulator of the control unit during the switch-through time interval, the pulse-width modulator being designed to control the power output stage for generating the aforementioned magnetic rotating field by means of pulse-width-modulated control pulses or block commutation.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Wärmepumpe ist die Steuereinheit ausgebildet, während des Durchschalt-Zeitintervalls den Verluststrom zu erfassen und das Durchschalt-Zeitintervall, insbesondere eine Zeitdauer oder einen Abschaltzeitpunkt des Durchschalt-Zeitintervalls, in Abhängigkeit des Verluststromes zu erzeugen. So kann vorteilhaft eine Stromregelung, insbesondere eine Strombegrenzende Regelung des Verluststromes, gebildet sein.In a preferred embodiment of the heat pump, the control unit is designed to detect the leakage current during the switch-through time interval and to generate the switch-through time interval, in particular a time period or a switch-off time of the switch-through time interval, as a function of the leakage current. A current regulation, in particular a current-limiting regulation of the leakage current, can advantageously be formed.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Wärmepumpe einen mit der Steuereinheit verbundenen Umgebungstemperatursensor auf, welcher ausgebildet und angeordnet ist, eine Umgebungstemperatur der Leistungsendstufe zu erfassen und ein die Umgebungstemperatur repräsentierendes Umgebungstemperatursignal zu erzeugen. Die Steuereinheit ist ausgebildet, eine Temperaturdifferenz aus den Temperatursignalen, insbesondere dem zuvor erwähnten Temperatursignal und dem Umgebungstemperatursignal, zu ermitteln und in Anhängigkeit der Temperaturdifferenz, insbesondere bei Unterschreiten eines vorbestimmten Temperaturunterschiedes der Elektronik im Vergleich zur Umgebungstemperatur, den Durchschalt-Steuerpuls zu erzeugen und den Elektromotor - bevorzugt während eines Durchschalt-Intervalls, in dem die Elektronik aufgeheizt oder vorgeheizt wird - abzuschalten beziehungsweise noch nicht einzuschalten. Bevorzugt ist die Steuereinheit ausgebildet, in Abhängigkeit einer vorbestimmten Temperaturdifferenz, insbesondere bei Erreichen der vorbestimmten Temperaturdifferenz, den Elektromotor einzuschalten und den Kältekreislauf so zu aktivieren.In a preferred embodiment, the heat pump has an ambient temperature sensor connected to the control unit, which is designed and arranged to detect an ambient temperature of the power output stage and to generate an ambient temperature signal representing the ambient temperature. The control unit is designed to determine a temperature difference from the temperature signals, in particular the aforementioned temperature signal and the ambient temperature signal, and to generate the switching control pulse and the electric motor as a function of the temperature difference, in particular when the electronics temperature falls below a predetermined temperature difference compared to the ambient temperature - preferably to be switched off or not yet switched on during a switching interval in which the electronics are heated or preheated. The control unit is preferably designed as a function of a predetermined temperature difference, in particular when the predetermined temperature difference is reached, to switch on the electric motor and thus activate the refrigeration cycle.
So kann vorteilhaft eine Betauung der Leistungsendstufe, weiter bevorzugt einer zusätzlich mit der Leistungsendstufe wärmeleitend verbundenen Elektronik, durch ein Vorheizen der Elektronik während des Durchschalt-Zeitintervalls vor einem Anlaufen des Kompressors verhindert werden.For example, condensation on the power output stage, more preferably on electronics additionally connected to the power output stage in a heat-conducting manner, can advantageously be prevented by preheating the electronics during the switching time interval before the compressor starts up.
Der Temperatursensor und/oder der Umgebungstemperatursensor ist beispielsweise durch wenigstens einen NTC-Widerstand gebildet.The temperature sensor and / or the ambient temperature sensor is formed, for example, by at least one NTC resistor.
Der Temperatursensor ist beispielsweise in einem integrierten Schaltkreis, insbesondere der Steuereinheit oder der Leistungsendstufe integriert und ist ausgebildet, die Temperatur des integrierten Schaltkreises, und so auch mit dem integrierten Schaltkreis thermisch gekoppelte elektronische Komponenten der Wärmepumpe, insbesondere der Leistungsendstufe zu erfassen.The temperature sensor is integrated, for example, in an integrated circuit, in particular the control unit or the power output stage, and is designed to detect the temperature of the integrated circuit, and thus also electronic components of the heat pump, in particular the power output stage, which are thermally coupled to the integrated circuit.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Wärmepumpe, insbesondere die Steuereinheit, eine Phasenkorrektureinheit auf. Die Phasenkorrektureinheit ist ausgebildet, eine durch den Elektromotor erzeugte Blindleistung wenigstens teilweise oder vollständig zu kompensieren, und dazu eine Phasenverschiebung zwischen einem vom Elektromotor aufgenommenen Strom und einer den Elektromotor versorgenden Spannung zu einem mit dem Elektromotor verbundenen Versorgungsnetz hin einzustellen.In a preferred embodiment, the heat pump, in particular the control unit, has a phase correction unit. The phase correction unit is designed to at least partially or completely compensate for a reactive power generated by the electric motor, and for this purpose to set a phase shift between a current drawn by the electric motor and a voltage supplying the electric motor to a supply network connected to the electric motor.
Die Steuereinheit ist ausgebildet, die Phasenkorrektureinheit während des Durchschalt-Zeitintervalls ein- und auszuschalten. Dadurch kann die Verlustleistung während des Durchschalt-Zeitintervalls, weiter bevorzugt während die wenigstes eine Halbbrücke mittels der Durchschalt-Steuerpulse in den Durchschalt-Zustand geschaltet ist, durch die Phasenkorrektureinheit moduliert, insbesondere pulsweitenmoduliert werden. Weiter vorteilhaft kann durch die Phasenkorrektureinheit, welche beispielsweise als integrierter Schaltkreis, insbesondere Mikrocontroller oder Mikroprozessor ausgebildet ist, selbst Verlustwärme beim Betrieb durch Schaltverluste während des Modulierens des Durchschalt-Signals erzeugt werden, welche ein Betauen der Steuereinheit zusätzlich zu der in der Leistungsendstufe erzeugten Verlustwärme verhindern kann. Es wurde erkannt, dass durch ein schnell getaktetes Ein- und Ausschalten der Phasenkorrektureinheit durch Schaltverluste während des Schaltens Verlustwärme erzeugt werden kann, die zur Verlustwärme der Leistungsendstufe hinzuwirken kann.The control unit is designed to switch the phase correction unit on and off during the switching time interval. As a result, the power loss can be modulated, in particular pulse-width-modulated, by the phase correction unit during the switching time interval, more preferably while the at least one half-bridge is switched to the switching state by means of the switching control pulses. Further advantageously, the phase correction unit, which is designed, for example, as an integrated circuit, in particular a microcontroller or microprocessor, can even generate heat loss during operation as a result of switching losses during the modulation of the switching signal, which causes the control unit to condense in addition to that in the power output stage can prevent heat loss generated. It was recognized that by switching the phase correction unit on and off quickly by switching losses during the switching, waste heat can be generated, which can contribute to the heat loss of the power output stage.
Bevorzugt weist die Wärmepumpe zusätzlich oder unabhängig von dem Temperatursensor einen mit der Steuereinheit verbundenen Feuchtigkeitssensor auf, welcher ausgebildet ist, eine die Steuereinheit umgebende relative Luftfeuchtigkeit insbesondere kapazitiv oder resistiv zu erfassen und ein die Luftfeuchtigkeit repräsentierendes Feuchtigkeitssignal zu erzeugen. Die Steuereinheit ist bevorzugt ausgebildet, die Leistungsendstufe in Abhängigkeit des Feuchtigkeitssignals derart anzusteuern, dass in der Leistungsendstufe mittels eines durch die Leistungsendstufe fließenden Verluststromes Verlustwärme erzeugt werden kann. Bevorzugt ist die Steuereinheit ausgebildet, das Durchschalt-Signal in Abhängigkeit des Feuchtigkeitssignals zu erzeugen.In addition or independently of the temperature sensor, the heat pump preferably has a moisture sensor connected to the control unit, which is designed to detect a relative air humidity surrounding the control unit, in particular capacitively or resistively, and to generate a moisture signal representing the air humidity. The control unit is preferably designed to control the power output stage as a function of the moisture signal in such a way that heat loss can be generated in the power output stage by means of a leakage current flowing through the power output stage. The control unit is preferably designed to generate the switching signal as a function of the moisture signal.
Mittels des Feuchtigkeitssensors kann vorteilhaft unabhängig oder zusätzlich zu dem Temperatursensor eine Gefahr einer Betauung der Steuereinheit erfasst werden, und so bei überschreiten eines vorbestimmten Feuchtigkeitswertes der relativen Luftfeuchte der Verluststrom erzeugt werden.By means of the moisture sensor, a risk of condensation on the control unit can advantageously be detected independently or in addition to the temperature sensor, and the leakage current can be generated if a predetermined humidity value of the relative air humidity is exceeded.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zum Verhindern eines Betauens einer Steuereinheit einer Wärmepumpe mit einem einen Kältemittelkreislauf der Wärmepumpe treibenden Elektromotor. Bei dem Verfahren ist die Steuereinheit an den Kältemittelkreislauf der Wärmepumpe wärmeleitend gekoppelt. Weiter wird bei dem Verfahren eine Temperatur der Steuereinheit erfasst und ein entsprechendes Temperatursignal erzeugt und in Abhängigkeit des Temperatursignals jeweils einen Durchschalt-Steuerpuls für zwei eine Halbbrücke bildende Halbleiterschalter einer mit dem Elektromotor verbundenen Leistungsendstufe der Wärmepumpe erzeugt. Die Halbbrücke wird in Abhängigkeit des Durchschalt-Steuerpulses leitend geschaltet und so Verlustwärme erzeugt.The invention also relates to a method for preventing thawing of a control unit of a heat pump with an electric motor driving a refrigerant circuit of the heat pump. In the method, the control unit is coupled to the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump in a heat-conducting manner. Furthermore, in the method, a temperature of the control unit is detected and a corresponding temperature signal is generated and, depending on the temperature signal, a switching control pulse is generated for two semiconductor switches forming a half-bridge of a power output stage of the heat pump connected to the electric motor. The half bridge is switched on depending on the switch-through control pulse and thus generates heat loss.
Die Erfindung wird nun im Folgenden anhand von Figuren beschrieben. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsvarianten ergeben sich aus den in den Figuren und den abhängigen Ansprüchen beschriebenen Merkmalen.
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Figur 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Wärmepumpe mit einem Betauungsschutz, welcher durch von zwei Temperatursensoren erzeugte Temperatursignale gesteuert wird; -
zeigt die inFigur 2Figur 1 dargestellte Leistungsendstufe im Detail zusammen mit einem Ersatzschaltbild für die inFigur 1 gezeigte Phasenkorrektureinheit; -
zeigt ein Diagramm in dem von derFigur 3Steuereinheit 8 inFigur 1 erzeugte Steuerpulse dargestellt sind; -
zeigt ein Beispiel für Durchschalt-Signale, welche von der Steuereinheit der inFigur 4Figur 1 gezeigten Wärmepumpe erzeugt worden sind; -
Figur 5 zeigt ein Beispiel für Durchschalt-Signale, welche von der Steuereinheit der inFigur 1 gezeigten Wärmepumpe erzeugt worden sind, bei denen die Halbleiterschalter-Halbbrücken der Leistungsendstufe zeitlich nacheinander und einander überlappend in den Durchschalt-Zustand geschaltet werden.
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Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a heat pump with a condensation protection, which is controlled by temperature signals generated by two temperature sensors; -
Figure 2 shows the inFigure 1 Power output stage shown in detail together with an equivalent circuit diagram for the inFigure 1 phase correction unit shown; -
Figure 3 shows a diagram in that of thecontrol unit 8 inFigure 1 generated control pulses are shown; -
Figure 4 shows an example of switching signals, which from the control unit of inFigure 1 heat pump shown have been generated; -
Figure 5 shows an example of switching signals, which from the control unit of inFigure 1 Heat pump shown have been generated in which the semiconductor switch half-bridges of the power output stage are switched sequentially and overlapping one another in the on-state.
Der Verdichter 5 ist ausgebildet - angetrieben durch den Elektromotor 3 -, ein Kältemittel eines Kältemittelkreislaufs 6 zu verdichten. Das Kältemittel ist beispielsweise ein Kältemittel umfassend Difluormethan und Pentafluorethan, insbesondere R410a, oder Tetrafluorethan, auch R134a genannt oder Tetrafluorpropen, auch R1234yf genannt.The compressor 5 is designed - driven by the electric motor 3 - to compress a refrigerant of a
Der Kältemittelkreislauf 6 umfasst beispielsweise einen Wärmetauscher, an dem von dem Kompressor 2 gepumpte Wärme abgegeben werden kann. Der Verdichter 5 ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ausgangsseitig mittels einer Fluidleitung 13 mit dem Kältemittelkreislauf 6 verbunden. Der Kältemittelkreislauf 6 ist ausgangsseitig mittels einer Fluidleitung 14 mit einem Kühlelement 23 verbunden. Das Kühlelement 23 ist ausgangsseitig mittels einer Fluidleitung 15 mit dem Verdichter 5 des Kompressors 2 verbunden.The
Die Wärmepumpe 1 weist auch eine Leistungsendstufe 7 zum Bestromen des Elektromotors 3 auf. Die Leistungsendstufe 7 ist ausgangsseitig über eine elektrische Verbindung 19 mit dem Elektromotor 3, und dort mit Statorspulen eines Stators des Elektromotors 3, verbunden.The heat pump 1 also has a power output stage 7 for energizing the
Die Wärmepumpe 1 weist auch eine Steuereinheit 8 auf, welche eingangsseitig mit einem Umgebungstemperatursensor 9 und mit einem Temperatursensor 10 verbunden ist. Der Temperatursensor 10 ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel mit der Leistungsendstufe 7 verbunden und ist ausgebildet, eine Temperatur der Leistungsendstufe 7 zu erfassen und ein die erfasste Temperatur repräsentierendes Temperatursignal zu erzeugen und ausgangsseitig auszugeben. Der Temperatursensor 10 ist über eine Verbindungsleitung 21 mit der Steuereinheit 8 verbunden. Der Umgebungstemperatursensor 9 ist mit der Steuereinheit 8 mindestens mittelbar, in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel über eine Verbindungsleitung 20 mit der Steuereinheit 8 verbunden. Anders als über die Verbindungsleitung 20 kann der Umgebungstemperatursensor über einen Datenbus oder einen Feldbus mit der Steuereinheit 8 mittelbar verbunden sein.The heat pump 1 also has a
Die Wärmepumpe 1, insbesondere die Steuereinheit 8, weist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ein Zwischenkreisglied 11 auf. Das Zwischenkreisglied 11 umfasst in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wenigstens eine Drossel und wenigstens einen Zwischenkreiskondensator.In this exemplary embodiment, the heat pump 1, in particular the
Die Leistungsendstufe 7 ist über eine wärmeleitende Verbindung 16 mit dem Kühlelement 23 wärmeleitend verbunden. Die Leistungsendstufe 7 weist beispielsweise Halbleiterschalter-Halbbrücken, insbesondere drei Halbleiterschalter-Halbbrücken auf. Die Halbleiterschalter der Halbleiterschalter-Halbbrücken sind beispielsweise durch einen Feldeffekttransistor, insbesondere einen MOS-FET, gebildet oder durch Transistoren, beispielsweise IGBT-Transistoren.The power output stage 7 is connected to the
Die Steuereinheit 8 ist über eine wärmeleitende Verbindung 17 mit dem Kühlelement 23 verbunden. Die wärmeleitenden Verbindungen 16 und 17 sind beispielsweise durch Gehäuseteile der Steuereinheit 8, beziehungsweise der Leistungsendstufe 7 gebildet, welche mit dem Kühlelement 23, beispielsweise gebildet durch einen zum Fluidführen ausgebildeten Metallblock, insbesondere Aluminiumblock, mittels eines Wärmeleitmittels, beispielsweise einer Silikonpaste, wärmeleitend verbunden sind.The
Die Steuereinheit 8 ist ausgebildet, Steueranschlüsse der Halbleiterschalter der Leistungsendstufe 7 über die elektrische Verbindung 18 derart anzusteuern, dass die Leistungsendstufe 7 den Elektromotor 3 über die elektrische Verbindung 19 zum Erzeugen eines magnetischen Drehfeldes zum Drehbewegen des Rotors 4 bestromen kann.The
Die Steuereinheit 8 und die Leistungsendstufe 7, welche jeweils elektronische Bauelemente aufweisen, welche ausgebildet sind, beim Betrieb eine Verlustwärme zu erzeugen. Diese Verlustwärme kann beim Betrieb des Kompressors zwei über den Kältemittelkreislauf 6 und das mit dem Kältemittelkreislauf 6 verbundene Kühlelement 23, über die wärmeleitenden Verbindungen 16 und 17 abgeführt werden.The
Die Wärmepumpe 1 kann beim Anlaufen des Kompressors 2 eine Betauung der Steuereinheit 8, und in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel zusätzlich der Leistungsendstufe 7, wie folgt verhindern:
Die Steuereinheit 8 ist ausgebildet, vor Beginn eines Ansteuerns der Leistungsendstufe 7 zum Drehbewegen des Rotors 4 des Elektromotors 3 zum Aktivieren des Kältemittelkreislaufs 6 wenigstens einen Teil der Halbleiterschalter-Halbbrücken der Leistungsendstufe 7 mit einem Durchschalt-Signal zu beaufschlagen und so die Halbleiterschalter der wenigstens einen Halbbrücke gemeinsam leitend durchzusteuern. Die Leistungsendstufe 7 oder zusätzlich die Phasenkorrektureinheit kann dann eine Verlustwärme erzeugen, ohne den Motor 3 zu bestromen. Die Leistungsendstufe 7 oder zusätzlich die Phasenkorrektureinheit kann dann die Verlustwärme über die wärmeleitende Verbindung 16 zur Steuereinheit 8 und zum Kühlelement 23 leiten. Die wärmeleitende Verbindung 16 zwischen der Leistungsendstufe 7 und der Steuereinheit 8 ist beispielsweise durch ein gemeinsames Blechgehäuse oder ein gemeinsames Wärmeleitblech gebildet, wobei die Steuereinheit 8 und die Leistungsendstufe 7 jeweils an das wärmeleitfähige Blech wärmeleitend gekoppelt sind.When the
The
Die Steuereinheit 8 ist ausgebildet, das Durchschalt-Signal zum Durchsteuern der wenigstens einen Halbbrücke der Leistungsendstufe 7 in Abhängigkeit des von dem Temperatursensor 10 oder zusätzlich in Abhängigkeit des von dem Umgebungstemperatursensor 9 erzeugten Temperatursignals zu erzeugen. Die Steuereinheit 8 ist beispielsweise ausgebildet, aus dem Temperatursignal des Umgebungstemperatursensors 9 und dem Temperatursignal des Temperatursensors 10 eine Differenz zu bilden und ein die Differenz repräsentierendes Temperaturdifferenzsignal zu erzeugen. Die Steuereinheit 8 ist weiter ausgebildet, das Temperaturdifferenzsignal mit einem vorbestimmten Wert für eine vorbestimmte Temperaturdifferenz zu vergleichen und im Falle einer abweichenden Temperaturdifferenz, repräsentiert durch das Temperaturdifferenzsignal, insbesondere kleiner als des vorbestimmten Temperaturdifferenzwertes über der Umgebungstemperatur, das Durchschalt-Signal zu erzeugen und ausgangsseitig über die Verbindung 18 an die Leistungsendstufe 7 zu senden.The
Die Steuereinheit 8 kann zum Durchführen des zuvor beschriebenen Vergleichs des Temperaturdifferenzsignals einen Diskriminator 50 aufweisen, welcher eingangsseitig mit den Verbindungsleitungen 20 und 21 des Temperatursensors 10 beziehungsweise des Umgebungstemperatursensors 9 verbunden ist.To carry out the previously described comparison of the temperature difference signal, the
Der Diskriminator 50 ist mit einem Speicher 51 der Steuereinheit 8 verbunden, wobei in dem Speicher 51 ein Datensatz 52 vorrätig gehalten ist, welcher den zuvor erwähnten vorbestimmten Temperaturdifferenzwert repräsentiert.The
Der durch den Datensatz 52 repräsentierte Temperaturdifferenzwert repräsentiert beispielsweise eine Temperaturdifferenz von fünf Grad Kelvin, um die die Temperatur der Leistungsendstufe größer sein soll als die Umgebungstemperatur, damit eine Betauung der Steuereinheit und/oder der Leistungsendstufe 7 beim Anlaufen des Kompressors 2 verhindert werden kann.The temperature difference value represented by data set 52 represents, for example, a temperature difference of five degrees Kelvin, by which the temperature of the power output stage should be greater than the ambient temperature, so that condensation on the control unit and / or the power output stage 7 can be prevented when the
Anstelle des Temperaturdifferenzwertes kann der Datensatz ein Temperaturkennfeld - beispielsweise in Form einer Look-Up-Tabelle - repräsentieren, in dem für jede Umgebungstemperatur eine vorbestimmte Temperaturdifferenz zugeordnet ist. Die Temperaturdifferenzen zu den Umgebungstemperaturen sind beispielsweise zueinander verschieden, wobei niedrigen Umgebungstemperaturen eine größere Temperaturdifferenz zugeordnet ist, und höheren Umgebungstemperaturen eine kleinere Temperaturdifferenz zugeordnet ist.Instead of the temperature difference value, the data record can represent a temperature map - for example in the form of a look-up table - in which a predetermined temperature difference is assigned for each ambient temperature. The temperature differences from the ambient temperatures are, for example, different from one another, lower ambient temperatures being associated with a larger temperature difference and higher ambient temperatures being associated with a smaller temperature difference.
Die in
Das Aktivieren der wenigstens einen Halbbrücke im Durchschalt-Zustand kann vorteilhaft durch die Phasenkorrektureinheit 12 erfolgen, wie im Folgenden anhand der
Zusätzlich oder unabhängig von dem Umgebungstemperatursensor 9 kann die Steuereinheit 8 mit einem Feuchtigkeitssensor 74 verbunden sein, welcher ausgebildet ist, eine die Steuereinheit 8 umgebende relative Luftfeuchtigkeit zu erfassen und ein die Luftfeuchtigkeit repräsentierendes Feuchtigkeitssignal zu erzeugen. Die Steuereinheit 8 ist bevorzugt ausgebildet, das Durchschalt-Signal in Abhängigkeit des Feuchtigkeitssignals, insbesondere bei überschreiten eines durch das Feuchtigkeitssignal repräsentierten Luftfeuchtigkeitswertes, zu erzeugen.In addition or independently of the
Die in
Die in
Bei einer Wärmepumpe 1 ohne die in
Im Falle einer Steuereinheit 8 mit der Phasenkorrektureinheit 12 würde jedoch in einem solchen Fall bei aktivierter Phasenkorrektureinheit 12 eine Zwischenkreisspannung des Zwischenkreises, welche über dem in
Das Diagramm 37 in
Dargestellt ist ein Durchschalt-Zeitintervall 70, während dem in der Leistungsendstufe 7 in
Während eines an das Steuerpulszeitintervall 45 anschließenden Pulspausenintervalls 53 kann der Zwischenkreisstrom wieder abfallen, eine in der Zwischenkreisdrossel 27 gespeicherte Energie kann über die Freilaufdiode 25 und die Transistoren 31 und 32, wieder abgebaut werden. Wenn der Zwischenkreisstrom einen vorbestimmten minimalen Stromwert erreicht hat, in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt der Minimalwert zehn Ampere, wird von der Steuereinheit 8 ein weiterer Steuerpuls 42 zum Schließen des Schalters 26 der Phasenkorrektureinheit 12 erzeugt. Eine Steuerpulsdauer 46 des Steuerpulses 42 beträgt in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel eine halbe Millisekunde. Der zuvor erwähnte Zwischenkreisstrom kann beispielsweise mittels eines Stromsensors, insbesondere eines Shunt-Widerstandes, erfasst werden und ein den Zwischenkreisstrom repräsentierendes Stromsignal erzeugt werden. Die Steuereinheit 8 ist ausgebildet, das Pulspausenzeitintervall 53 in Abhängigkeit des Stromsignals zu erzeugen.During a
Auf den Steuerpuls 42 folgt eine weitere Pulspause mit einem Pulspausenzeitintervall 54 und darauf ein weiterer Steuerpuls 43 mit einer Steuerpulsdauer 46. Die Steuereinheit 8 ist beispielsweise ausgebildet, eine Steuerpulsdauer 46 der Steuerpulse 41, 42 und 43, in Abhängigkeit des zuvor erwähnten Stromsignals, beispielsweise bei Erreichen eines vorbestimmten Stromscheitelwertes, zu erzeugen.The
Das Durchschalt-Zeitintervall 70 umfasst in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel beispielhaft drei Steuerpulse 41, 42 und 43 zum Erzeugen des Durchschalt-Zustandes der Halbbrücken der Leistungsendstufe 7 in
Zum Ende des Durchschalt-Zeitintervalls 70 ist die Temperatur der Leistungsendstufe 7 in
Die Leistungsendstufe 7, die Steuereinheit 8 und das Kühlelement 23 haben dann genügend Wärmeenergie gespeichert, sodass beim darauffolgenden Betrieb des Elektromotors 3 zum Aktivieren des Kältemittelkreislaufs 6 die Temperatur der Steuereinheit 8 und der Leistungsendstufe 7 nicht unter oder nicht wesentlich unter die Umgebungstemperatur fallen kann, sodass keine Gefahr eines Betauens der Steuereinheit 8 und der Leistungsendstufe 7 besteht.The power output stage 7, the
An das Durchschalt-Zeitintervall 70 schließt ein Betriebszeitintervall 48 an, während dem - beispielsweise nach einem vorbestimmten Pausenintervall, wenn der Zwischenkreisstrom hinreichend abgefallen ist - der Elektromotor 3 in
Das Diagramm 47 umfasst eine Abszisse 38, welche eine Zeitachse repräsentiert und eine Ordinate 39, welche eine Amplitudenachse repräsentiert. Dargestellt ist auch das in
Das Diagramm 47 zeigt eine Kurve 55, welche einen Schaltzustand Ein oder Aus des Transistors 31 in
Die Transistoren 31, 33 und 35 bilden jeweils einen High-Side-Transistor der jeweiligen Halbbrücke, die Transistoren 32, 34 und 36 bilden jeweils einen Low-Side-Transistor der jeweiligen Halbbrücke.The
Während des Durchschalt-Zeitintervalls 70 sind gemäß dem Schaltmuster in Figur 4, die Halbbrücken der Leistungsendstufe 7 zeitlich nacheinander mittels eines Durchschalt-Steuerpulses aktiviert. Während des Steuerpulszeitintervalls 45, welches einer Steuerpulsdauer des Steuerpulses 41 entspricht, und während des darauf anschließenden Pulspausenintervalls 53, ist die Halbbrücke 71 umfassend die Transistoren 31 und 32 zum Erzeugen des Verluststromes mittels eines Durchschalt-Steuerpulses 81 für den Halbleiterschalter 31, und eines Durchschalt-Steuerpulses 82 für den Halbleiterschalter 32, in den Durchschalt-Zustand geschaltet.According to the switching pattern in FIG. 4, the half bridges of the power output stage 7 are activated chronologically one after the other by means of a switching control pulse during the
Die übrigen Halbbrücken 72 und 73, umfassend die Transistoren 33 und 34 beziehungsweise 35 und 36, sind während der Aktivierung der Halbbrücke 71, umfassend die Transistoren 31 und 32, ausgeschaltet. Während der Steuerpulsdauer 46 des Steuerpulses 42 in
Während des darauf folgenden Steuerpulses 43 und eines darauf anschließenden Pulspausenzeitintervalls 49, wird von der Steuereinheit 8 die Halbbrücke 73, umfassend die Transistoren 35 und 36, mittels eines Durchschalt-Steuerpulses 85 für den Halbleiterschalter 35, und eines Durchschalt-Steuerpulses 86 für den Halbleiterschalter 36, in den Durchschalt-Zustand geschaltet.During the
Die Steuereinheit 8 in
Die Halbbrücken der Leistungsendstufe 7 sind so einem gleichmäßigen Verschleiß unterworfen.The half bridges of the power output stage 7 are thus subjected to uniform wear.
Die Steuereinheit 8 in
So kann vorteilhaft mittels des überlappenden Weiterschaltens des Durchschalt-Zustandes innerhalb des Durchschalt-Zeitintervalls, der Stromfluss im Zwischenkreis sicher fortgeführt werden und so weiter vorteilhaft Spannungsspitzen, verursacht durch eine eventuelle Unterbrechung des Zwischenkreisstromes, vermieden werden.Thus, by means of the overlapping switching of the switching state within the switching time interval, the current flow in the intermediate circuit can be safely continued and voltage peaks caused by a possible interruption of the intermediate circuit current can be avoided.
Claims (12)
- Heat pump (1) comprising a compressor (2), and an electronically commutated electric motor connect to the compressor, wherein the electric motor is connected to a power output stage configured to energize the electric motor for generating a rotating magnetic field, and the power output stage (7) is thermally conductively connected to a refrigerant circuit (6) of the heat pump (1), such that heat loss generated by the power output stage (7) can be dissipated to the refrigerant circuit (6),
characterized in that
the heat pump (1) has at least one temperature sensor (10) arranged to detect a temperature of the power output stage (7) and to generate a temperature signal representing the temperature, and the heat pump has a control unit (8), which is connected to the temperature sensor (10) and is configured to drive the power output stage (7) depending on the temperature signal in such a way that heat loss can be generated in the power output stage (7) by means of a leakage current (40) flowing through the power output stage (7),
wherein the heat pump (1) has at least one link circuit inductor (27, 28) connected to the power output stage, and the power output stage (7) has at least one semiconductor switch half-bridge (71, 72, 73), wherein the control unit (8) is configured to generate a turn-on control pulse (81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86) depending on the temperature signal for each of the semiconductor switches (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36) of the semiconductor switch half-bridge and to transmit said turn-on control pulse to the semiconductor switches (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36), and thus to turn on the semiconductor switches (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36) of the semiconductor switch half-bridge (71, 72, 73) simultaneously during a turn-on time interval (70), wherein the at least one link circuit inductor (27, 28) is configured to limit a current rise of the leakage current (40) flowing through the semiconductor switch half-bridge (71, 72, 73) . - Heat pump (1) according to Claim 1,
characterized in that
the electric motor (3) is decoupled from the leakage current (40). - Heat pump (1) according to either of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the power output stage can be preheated in a targeted manner depending on the temperature signal before operation of the electric motor, and thus before start-up of the compressor, wherein no power loss is generated in the electric motor during the preheating. - Heat pump according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the control unit (8) is configured to turn on the semiconductor switches (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36) only partly, such that a leakage current (40) flowing through the semiconductor switches (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36) is limited. - Heat pump (1) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the power output stage (7) has at least two semiconductor switch half-bridges (71, 72, 73), and the control unit (8) is configured to switch the semiconductor switch half-bridges into the on state temporally successively in order to generate the leakage current (40). - Heat pump (1) according to Claim 5,
characterized in that
the control unit (8) is configured to generate an overlap time interval (68, 69) and to turn on at least two of the half-bridges simultaneously during the overlap time interval (68, 69). - Heat pump according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the control unit is configured to generate a temporal sequence of turn-on control pulses (81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86) for at least one half-bridge (71, 72, 73). - Heat pump (1) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the control unit (8) is configured to detect the leakage current during the turn-on time interval (70) and to generate the turn-on time interval (70) depending on the leakage current (40). - Heat pump (1) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the heat pump (1) has at least one ambient temperature sensor (9) connected to the control unit (8) and configured to detect an ambient temperature, and the control unit (8) is configured to determine a temperature difference from the temperature signals and to switch the at least one half-bridge into the on state depending on the temperature difference. - Heat pump (1) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the heat pump (1) has a moisture sensor (73) connected to the control unit (8) and configured to detect an air humidity surrounding the control unit (8) and to generate a moisture signal representing the air humidity, wherein the control unit is configured to drive the power output stage depending on the moisture signal in such a way that heat loss can be generated in the power output stage (7) by means of a leakage current flowing through the power output stage (7). - Heat pump (1) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the heat pump (1), in particular the control unit (8), has a phase correction unit (12), and the control unit is configured to switch the phase correction unit (12) on and off during the turn-on time interval (70). - Method for preventing condensation from forming on a control unit (8) of a heat pump (1) comprising an electric motor, which drives a refrigerant circuit (6) of the heat pump (1), wherein the control unit (8) is thermally conductively coupled to the refrigerant circuit (6) of the heat pump (1), in which method a temperature of the control unit (8) is detected and a corresponding temperature signal is generated and, depending on the temperature signal, a respective turn-on control pulse (81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86) is generated for two semiconductor switches - forming a half-bridge (71, 72, 73) - of a power output stage (7) of the heat pump (1), said power output stage being connected to the electric motor (3), and the half-bridge (71, 72, 73) is turned on depending on the turn-on control pulse (81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86) and generates heat loss.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE201310220897 DE102013220897A1 (en) | 2013-10-15 | 2013-10-15 | Heat pump with a condensation protection |
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EP2863155A1 EP2863155A1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
EP2863155B1 true EP2863155B1 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
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WO2013113308A1 (en) * | 2012-02-02 | 2013-08-08 | Ixetic Bad Homburg Gmbh | Compressor-heat exchanger unit for a heating-cooling module for a motor vehicle |
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KR960002564B1 (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1996-02-22 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Compressor drive system |
MY122977A (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 2006-05-31 | Panasonic Corp | Refrigerating apparatus, and refrigerator control and brushless motor starter used in same |
KR100268262B1 (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2000-10-16 | 윤종용 | Compressor Chiller and Control Method |
FR2817300B1 (en) * | 2000-11-24 | 2005-09-23 | Valeo Climatisation | COMPRESSOR FOR A CLIMATE SYSTEM FOR THE COCKPIT OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
JP2004228126A (en) * | 2003-01-20 | 2004-08-12 | Denso Corp | Housing for electronic circuit |
JP4633761B2 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2011-02-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Drive mechanism |
IT1395987B1 (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2012-11-09 | Delphi Italia Automotive Systems S R L | MOTOR-COMPRESSOR GROUP FOR A VEHICLE REFRIGERATION AND / OR CONDITIONING SYSTEM |
JP2011117677A (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-16 | Daikin Industries Ltd | Outdoor unit for air conditioning device |
US8777591B2 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2014-07-15 | Heng Sheng Precision Tech. Co., Ltd. | Electrically driven compressor system for vehicles |
US8755945B2 (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2014-06-17 | Powerquest Llc | Efficient computer cooling methods and apparatus |
DE102011121926B4 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-07-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device housing with cooling device for incoming air |
-
2013
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WO2013113308A1 (en) * | 2012-02-02 | 2013-08-08 | Ixetic Bad Homburg Gmbh | Compressor-heat exchanger unit for a heating-cooling module for a motor vehicle |
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