EP2859060A1 - Fluides destinés à être utilisés avec des outils de fond de puits à fréquence élevée - Google Patents

Fluides destinés à être utilisés avec des outils de fond de puits à fréquence élevée

Info

Publication number
EP2859060A1
EP2859060A1 EP13800948.5A EP13800948A EP2859060A1 EP 2859060 A1 EP2859060 A1 EP 2859060A1 EP 13800948 A EP13800948 A EP 13800948A EP 2859060 A1 EP2859060 A1 EP 2859060A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nanoparticles
fluid
group
combinations
graphene
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13800948.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2859060A4 (fr
Inventor
Othon R. Monteiro
Daniel R. Ellis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
Original Assignee
Baker Hughes Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US13/545,706 external-priority patent/US20120322694A1/en
Priority claimed from US13/903,692 external-priority patent/US20130261030A1/en
Application filed by Baker Hughes Inc filed Critical Baker Hughes Inc
Publication of EP2859060A1 publication Critical patent/EP2859060A1/fr
Publication of EP2859060A4 publication Critical patent/EP2859060A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
    • C09K2208/10—Nanoparticle-containing well treatment fluids

Definitions

  • Oil-based fluid is used herein to include fluids having a nonaqueous continuous phase where the non-aqueous continuous phase is all oil, a non-aqueous fluid, a water-in-oil emulsion, a water-in- non-aqueous emulsion, a brine-in-oil emulsion, or a brine-in- non-aqueous emulsion.
  • oil-based fluids solid particles are suspended in a continuous phase consisting of oil or another non-aqueous fluid. Water or brine can be emulsified in the oil; therefore, the oil is the continuous phase.
  • oil-based fluids the oil may consist of any oil or water-immiscible fluid that may include, but is not limited to, diesel, mineral oil, esters, refinery cuts and blends, or alpha-olefins.
  • Oil-based fluid as defined herein may also include synthetic-based fluids or muds (SBMs), which are synthetically produced rather than refined from naturally-occurring materials.
  • SBMs synthetic-based fluids or muds
  • Synthetic-based fluids often include, but are not necessarily limited to, olefin oligomers of ethylene, esters made from vegetable fatty acids and alcohols, ethers and polyethers made from alcohols and polyalcohols, paraffinic, or aromatic, hydrocarbons alkyl benzenes, terpenes and other natural products and mixtures of these types.
  • olefin oligomers of ethylene esters made from vegetable fatty acids and alcohols
  • ethers and polyethers made from alcohols and polyalcohols
  • paraffinic or aromatic
  • hydrocarbons alkyl benzenes terpenes and other natural products and mixtures of these types.
  • a fluid that may include a non-aqueous base fluid and nanoparticles.
  • the non-aqueous base fluid may be or include, but is not limited to an oil-based fluid, a brine-in-oil emulsion, a brine-in-nonaqueous fluid emulsion, a water-in-oil emulsion, and combinations thereof.
  • the nanoparticles may be or include, but are not limited to graphene, graphene platelets, graphene oxide, nanorods, nanoplatelets, nanoclays, nano- oxides, nano-nitrides, and combinations thereof.
  • the fluid composition may have at least one property, such as but not limited to, a relative dielectric constant ranging from about 5 to about 10,000, an electrical conductivity ranging from about 1x10 ⁇ 6 S/m to about 1 S/m, and combinations thereof.
  • a method is provided where nanoparticles maybe added to a non-aqueous base fluid in an effective amount to improve the performance of a high-frequency downhole tool as compared to an otherwise identical fluid absent the nanoparticles.
  • the non-aqueous base fluid may be, but is not limited to an oil-based fluid, a brine-in-oil emulsion, a brine-in-nonaqueous fluid emulsion, a water-in-oil emulsion, and combinations thereof.
  • the nanoparticles may be or include, but are not limited to graphene, graphene platelets, graphene oxide, nanorods, nanoplatelets, nanoclays, nano- titanium oxide platelets, nano-oxides, nano-nitrides, and combinations thereof.
  • the fluid may include a nanoparticle blend having nanoparticles and an additional component that is different from the nanoparticles.
  • the additional component may be or include, but is not limited to nanotubes, graphite, micro-nitrides, and combinations thereof.
  • a surfactant may be added to the fluid in an amount effective to suspend the nanoparticles or nanoparticle blend into the base fluid.
  • the nanoparticle blend may improve the performance of a high-frequency downhole tool as compared to an otherwise identical fluid absent the nanoparticle blend.
  • the electrical properties, e.g. dielectric constant and electrical conductivity, of a complex fluid, having at least one fluid phase and nanoparticles may be dependent on the frequency of the voltage or current applied to the fluid when obtaining the measurements of the property. It has been discovered that certain compositions of complex fluids can have low resistivity at low frequency and high resistivity and high dielectric constant at high frequency. The electric or dielectric properties of fluids are dependent on the frequency at which these properties are measured. 'Electrical property' or 'electrical properties' as used herein are defined to include dielectric constant (or specific inductive capacity), dielectric loss, loss factor, power factor, a.c. conductivity, d.c. conductivity, electrical breakdown strength, and other equivalent and similar properties.
  • the fluids used in conjunction with these tools need to have a particular electrical conductivity and have a particular dielectric constant for the tool to function and to achieve maximum resolution.
  • the properties of the fluid may be modified by adding electrically conductive nanoparticles and/or non- electrically conductive nanoparticles to the base fluid, such that the use of a downhole tool, such as a measuring while drilling tool, in a non-limiting example, in non-aqueous fluids may be permitted or perform better.
  • the type of nanoparticles depends on the desired properties of the fluid.
  • the electrical conductivity and/or dielectric constant of the fluid are important in relation to the high frequency downhole tools because these tools are designed to operate with fluids having properties within a certain range of values. If the actual value of dielectric constant or electrical conductivity (the inverse of resistivity) is outside a particular range, real changes in resistivity of formation are not detected either because of a very low signal to noise ratio, or because preferential paths for current transmission may develop. In both cases, the capability of discrimination between zones with different resistivity becomes compromised, and resolution deteriorates; eventually, the high frequency downhole tool does not properly function in this type of environment.
  • the dispersion of nano-materials, into at least one phase of the nonaqueous fluid, such as the continuous phase in a non-limiting embodiment, will alter the electrical properties of the non-aqueous fluid. These properties may be measured when a voltage or current is applied to the fluid at a frequency ranging from about 10 kHz to about 100 MHz, alternatively from about 100 kHz independently to about 10 MHz.
  • the addition of nanoparticles to the fluid may alter the electric properties of the composite fluid, which may be determined by the content and the inherent properties of the dispersed phase content, and may be tailored to have desirable values.
  • the modified electrical properties of the fluid may enable better use of the downhole tools as compared to usage of the tools without modification of these properties by means of the addition of the nanoparticles.
  • the nanoparticles to be added to the base fluid may be or include electrically conductive nanoparticles, such as but not limited to graphene, graphene platelets, graphene oxide, nanorods, nanoplatelets, nanoclays, nano- titanium oxide platelets, nano-oxides, nano-nitrides, and combinations thereof.
  • electrically conductive nanoparticles such as but not limited to graphene, graphene platelets, graphene oxide, nanorods, nanoplatelets, nanoclays, nano- titanium oxide platelets, nano-oxides, nano-nitrides, and combinations thereof.
  • Boro-nitride is a non-limiting example of one type of nano-nitrides.
  • the nanoparticles may be non-electrically conductive nanoparticles, such as but not limited to functionalized graphene, functionalized graphene platelets, functionalized graphene oxide, nanorods, nanoplatelets, nanoclays, nano-titanium oxide platelets, nano-oxides, nano-nitride, and combinations thereof.
  • the nanoparticles may be a component of a nanoparticle blend where the nanoparticle blend may also include an additional component. The additional component may be different from the nanoparticles and may be or include, but is not limited to nanotubes, graphite, micro-nitrides, and combinations thereof.
  • the graphite may be or include, but is not limited to micro-crystalline graphite, nano-crystalline graphite, and combinations thereof.
  • the size of the graphite may range from about 100 nm independently to about 100 ⁇ .
  • the nanotubes, nanorods, and/or the nanoplatelets may be metallic, ceramic, or combinations thereof in an alternative embodiment.
  • the nanotubes are carbon nanotubes.
  • the amount of nanoparticles added to the fluid may range from about 0.0001 wt% to about 10 wt% to alter the electrical conductivity of the fluid.
  • the nanoparticles may be added in an amount ranging from about 0.001 wt% to about 5 wt%, alternatively from about 0.01 wt% to about 2 wt%.
  • the electrical conductivity and/or dielectric constant of the composite fluid may change.
  • the nanoparticles may be functionalized or modified to alter the electrical conductivity or dielectric constant of the fluid once the nanoparticles are added thereto, such as but not limited to functionalized graphene, functionalized graphene platelets, functionalized graphene oxide, and combinations thereof.
  • surface-modified nanoparticles may find utility in the compositions and methods herein.
  • Surface- modification is defined here as the process of altering or modifying the surface properties of a particle by any means, including but not limited to physical, chemical, electrochemical or mechanical means, and with the intent to provide a unique desirable property or combination of properties to the surface of the nanoparticle, which differs from the properties of the surface of the unprocessed nanoparticle.
  • the nanoparticles may be functionally modified to introduce chemical functional groups thereon, for instance by reacting the graphene nanoparticles with a peroxide such as diacyl peroxide to add acyl groups which are in turn reacted with diamines to give amine functionality, and may be further reacted.
  • a peroxide such as diacyl peroxide
  • Functionalized nanoparticles are defined herein as those which have had their edges or surfaces modified to contain at least one functional group including, but not necessarily limited to, sulfonate, sulfate, sulfosuccinate, thiosulfate, succinate, carboxylate, hydroxyl, glucoside, ethoxylate, propoxylate, phosphate, ethoxylate, ether, amines, amides, ethoxylate-propoxylate, an alkyl, an alkenyl, a phenyl, a benzyl, a perfluoro, thiol, an ester, an epoxy, a keto, a lactone, a metal, an organo-metallic group, an oligomer, a polymer, or combinations thereof.
  • Introduction of functional groups by derivatizing the olefinic functionality associated with the nanoparticles may be effected by any of numerous known methods for direct carbon-carbon bond formation to an olefinic bond, or by linking to a functional group derived from an olefin.
  • Exemplary methods of functionalizing may include, but are not limited to, reactions such as oxidation or oxidative cleavage of olefins to form alcohols, diols, or carbonyl groups including aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids; diazotization of olefins proceeding by the Sandmeyer reaction; intercalation/metallization of a nanodiamond by treatment with a reactive metal such as an alkali metal including lithium, sodium, potassium, and the like, to form an anionic intermediate, followed by treatment with a molecule capable of reacting with the metalized nanodiamond such as a carbonyl-containing species (carbon dioxide, carboxylic acids, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, etc.), an alkyl species having a leaving group such as a halide (CI, Br, I), a tosylate, a mesylate, or other reactive esters such as alkyl halides, alkyl tosylates, etc.; molecules
  • the nanoparticle Prior to functionalization, the nanoparticle may be exfoliated.
  • Exemplary exfoliation methods include, but are not necessarily limited to, those practiced in the art such as, but not limited to, fluorination, acid intercalation, acid intercalation followed by thermal shock treatment, and the like. Exfoliation of the nanographene provides a nanographene having fewer layers than non- exfoliated nanographene.
  • nanoparticles dispersed within the phases There is also a strong dependence on the shape of the nanoparticles dispersed within the phases for the percolation limit of nano-dispersions.
  • the percolation limit shifts further towards lower concentrations of the dispersed phase if the nanoparticles have characteristic 2-D (platelets) or 1 -D (nanotubes or nanorods) morphology.
  • Nanotubes and nanorods may not be strictly 1 -D as there is width dimension, though small.
  • platelets do have a thickness, though small.
  • the nanotubes, nanorods, and/or platelets primarily have 1 or 2 dimensions.
  • the amount of 2-D or 1 -D nanomaterials necessary to achieve a certain change in property is significantly smaller than the amount of 3-D nanomaterials that would be required to accomplish a similar effect.
  • nanoparticles In one sense, such fluids have made use of nanoparticles for many years, since the clays commonly used in drilling fluids are naturally-occurring, e.g. 1 nm thick discs of aluminosilicates. Such nanoparticles exhibit extraordinary rheological properties in water and oil. However, in contrast, the nanoparticles that are the main topic herein are nanoparticles where size, shape and chemical composition are carefully controlled and give a particular property or effect.
  • the base fluid may be a drilling fluid, a completion fluid, a production fluid, a stimulation fluid, a servicing fluid, and combinations thereof.
  • the base fluid may be a nonaqueous fluid, or the base fluid may be a single-phase fluid, or a poly-phase fluid, such as an emulsion.
  • the nanoparticles may be used in conventional operations and challenging operations that require stable fluids for high temperature and pressure conditions (HTHP). Such fluids are expected to find uses in, but are not limited to reservoir operations including measuring while drilling tools, reservoir imaging, resistivity logging, drilling fluids, completion fluids, remediation fluids, and reservoir stimulation. It may be helpful in designing new fluids containing engineered nanoparticles to match the amount of the nanoparticles with the proper surfactant/base fluid ratio to achieve the desired dispersion for the particular fluid.
  • suitable surfactants may include, but are not necessarily limited to non-ionic, anionic, cationic, amphoteric surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants, janus surfactants, and blends thereof.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants may include, but are not necessarily limited to, alkyi polyglycosides, sorbitan esters, methyl glucoside esters, amine ethoxylates, diamine ethoxylates, polyglycerol esters, alkyi ethoxylates, alcohols that have been polypropoxylated and/or polyethoxylated or both.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants may include alkali metal alkyi sulfates, alkyi ether sulfonates, alkyi sulfonates, alkyi aryl sulfonates, linear and branched alkyi ether sulfates and sulfonates, alcohol polypropoxylated sulfates, alcohol polyethoxylated sulfates, alcohol polypropoxylated polyethoxylated sulfates, alkyi disulfonates, alkylaryl disulfonates, alkyi disulfates, alkyi sulfosuccinates, alkyi ether sulfates, linear and branched ether sulfates, alkali metal carboxylates, fatty acid carboxylates, and phosphate esters.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the frequency-dependent dielectric constant of a mineral oil based fluid having an amount of graphene added thereto.
  • Four fluids were mixed and each fluid had a different amount of functionalized graphene mixed into the fluid, such as a 0.1 % graphene mixture, a 0.25% graphene mixture, a 0.5% graphene mixture, and a control having no graphene added thereto.
  • the graphene was functionalized with and alkane with molecular weight compatible with the mineral oil.
  • the average platelet size of the graphene was about 5 ⁇ .
  • the dielectric constant of each fluid generally decreased with an increase in frequency.
  • the present invention may suitably comprise, consist or consist essentially of the elements disclosed and may be practiced in the absence of an element not disclosed.
  • the fluid may consist of or consist essentially of nanoparticles and a non-aqueous base fluid, where the fluid has at least one property, such as but not limited to, a relative dielectric constant ranging from about 5 to about 10,000, an electrical conductivity ranging from about 1x10 ⁇ 6 S/m to about 1 S/m, and combinations thereof
  • the nanoparticles may be or include graphene, graphene platelets, graphene oxide, nanorods, nanoplatelets, nanoclays, nano-titanium oxide platelets, nano-oxides, and combinations thereof, as further defined in the claims.
  • a method for modifying the electrical conductivity and the dielectric constant within a fluid having at least one property such as but not limited to, a relative dielectric constant ranging from about 5 to about 10,000, an electrical conductivity ranging from about 1x10 ⁇ 6 S/m to about 1 S/m, and combinations thereof is also disclosed where nanoparticles may be added to a non-aqueous base fluid, and where the nanoparticles may be or include graphene, graphene platelets, graphene oxide, nanorods, nanoplatelets, nanoclays, nano-titanium oxide platelets, nano-oxides, and combinations thereof as further defined in the claims.
  • the fluid may contain conventional additives.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un fluide qui peut contenir des nanoparticules et un fluide de base où le fluide de base peut être un fluide non aqueux. Le fluide de base peut être, mais sans y être limité, un fluide de forage, un fluide de complétion, un fluide de production et/ou un fluide de stimulation. Le fluide peut avoir au moins une propriété, telle que, mais sans y être limitée, une constante diélectrique relative se situant dans une plage d'environ 5 à environ 10 000, une conductivité électrique se situant dans une plage d'environ 1 x 10-6 S/m à environ 1 S/m et leurs combinaisons. Le fluide non aqueux peut être une émulsion saumure-dans-huile ou une émulsion eau-dans-huile et leurs combinaisons. L'addition des nanoparticules au fluide de base peut modifier les propriétés électriques du fluide.
EP13800948.5A 2012-06-07 2013-05-29 Fluides destinés à être utilisés avec des outils de fond de puits à fréquence élevée Withdrawn EP2859060A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201261656733P 2012-06-07 2012-06-07
US13/545,706 US20120322694A1 (en) 2010-06-28 2012-07-10 Electrically Conductive Oil-Base Fluids for Oil and Gas Applications
US13/903,692 US20130261030A1 (en) 2011-03-22 2013-05-28 Fluids for use with High-frequency Downhole Tools
PCT/US2013/043004 WO2013184457A1 (fr) 2012-06-07 2013-05-29 Fluides destinés à être utilisés avec des outils de fond de puits à fréquence élevée

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2859060A1 true EP2859060A1 (fr) 2015-04-15
EP2859060A4 EP2859060A4 (fr) 2015-12-30

Family

ID=49712496

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13800948.5A Withdrawn EP2859060A4 (fr) 2012-06-07 2013-05-29 Fluides destinés à être utilisés avec des outils de fond de puits à fréquence élevée

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2859060A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU2013271988A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2014014606A (fr)
WO (1) WO2013184457A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3828248A1 (fr) 2016-06-16 2021-06-02 Halliburton Energy Services Inc. Fluide de forage pour forage par électroconcassage en fond de trou
WO2017217991A1 (fr) 2016-06-16 2017-12-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Fluide de forage pour forage par électro-concassage en fond de trou
US10717915B2 (en) 2016-06-16 2020-07-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Drilling fluid for downhole electrocrushing drilling
CA3023448C (fr) 2016-06-16 2020-06-30 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Fluide de forage pour forage par electroconcassage en fond de trou
CA3023452C (fr) 2016-06-16 2021-02-02 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Fluide de forage pour forage par electroconcassage en fond de trou

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2345706B (en) * 1999-01-16 2003-05-21 Sofitech Nv Electrically conductive invert emulsion wellbore fluid
US8362295B2 (en) * 2008-01-08 2013-01-29 William Marsh Rice University Graphene compositions and methods for production thereof
WO2009158117A2 (fr) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Modulation chimique de propriétés électroniques et magnétiques de graphène
WO2011054111A1 (fr) * 2009-11-09 2011-05-12 Newpark Canada Inc. Fluides de forage électriquement conducteurs à base d'huile contenant des nanotubes de carbone
US8192643B2 (en) * 2009-12-15 2012-06-05 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Graphite microfluids
US20110237467A1 (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Nanoparticle-densified completion fluids
US8763695B2 (en) * 2010-04-15 2014-07-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Electrically conductive oil-based drilling fluids
US8822386B2 (en) * 2010-06-28 2014-09-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Nanofluids and methods of use for drilling and completion fluids

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX2014014606A (es) 2015-03-05
EP2859060A4 (fr) 2015-12-30
WO2013184457A1 (fr) 2013-12-12
AU2013271988A1 (en) 2014-12-04

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