EP2857307B1 - Propeller mit selbstjustierender Steigung - Google Patents

Propeller mit selbstjustierender Steigung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2857307B1
EP2857307B1 EP14001397.0A EP14001397A EP2857307B1 EP 2857307 B1 EP2857307 B1 EP 2857307B1 EP 14001397 A EP14001397 A EP 14001397A EP 2857307 B1 EP2857307 B1 EP 2857307B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
hub
self
shaft
adjustable pitch
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Active
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EP14001397.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2857307A1 (de
Inventor
Mehmet Nevres Ülgen
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UELGEN, MEHMET, NEVRES
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Individual
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H3/00—Propeller-blade pitch changing
    • B63H3/008—Propeller-blade pitch changing characterised by self-adjusting pitch, e.g. by means of springs, centrifugal forces, hydrodynamic forces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a self-adjustable pitch propeller for marine vessels.
  • a propeller is designed by taking many parameters into account in order to provide the optimum thrust to the marine vessel provided therewith. For example, design parameters such as dimensions of the marine vessel body, load of the marine vessel, engine power, density of the water the marine vessel cruises on are important inputs for determining the diameter and pitch of the propeller to be produced.
  • the propeller may become heavy in torque against the cruise conditions if the pitch thereof is large and it requires more power from the engine. However, if the pitch is low, i.e. if it is 'light', it cannot deliver enough engine power as thrust. In either case, performance of the propeller falls.
  • Such a propeller designed with the blades thereof being static relative to its hub is known as the 'fixed pitch propeller 1 .
  • variable pitch propellers against variable conditions such as marine vessel speed and load improves the performance (and therefore reduces fuel consumption).
  • blades of the variable pitch propellers are rotated by a certain amount relative to the blade hub so as to provide the optimum pitch by being controlled according to each changing condition. This often requires using a complex and costly control/drive mechanism.
  • the pitch of a propeller is calculated according to shaft torque at which the motor that the propeller attached to is in its maximum speed (rpm).
  • rpm maximum speed
  • propellers produce less torque and therefore propellers should have a higher pitch to be economic in terms of fuel consumption and to increase cruise speed at such motor speeds.
  • US 3 229 772 discloses a self-adjustable pitch marine vessel propeller comprising a central hub arranged rearward of a housing and a blade adjusting member at the rear of the central hub.
  • the blade adjusting member having a conical form, comprises an axial passage for receiving a spring arranged between a spring seat and a rearward portion of the hub.
  • the blade adjusting member has a threaded opening extending axially for a screw connection with the spring seat.
  • a propeller shaft extending through the axis of the central hub and the blade adjusting member has a threaded end for it to be secured to the blade adjusting member by means of a nut.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a propeller providing optimum thrust to a marine vessel according to cruise conditions.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a propeller having the pitch thereof being self-adjusted in a simple and relatively inexpensive way.
  • the invention is defined by the features of the independent claim 1.
  • the present invention relates to a self-adjustable pitch marine vessel propeller attached to a shaft driven by an engine of a marine vessel, comprising a substantially cylindrical hollow hub and a plurality of blades extending radially outwardly from the hub and being capable of rotating around an axis being in a radial direction relative to the hub.
  • the propeller according to the present invention comprises an actuator movable linearly along the axis of the hub; at least one motion transmission means communicating with the actuator and each blade for converting the linear motion of the actuator into the rotational motion of each blade in a radial direction relative to the axis of the hub; and a resilient member communicating with the actuator.
  • At least a portion of the actuator can linearly move inside a cavity formed in the axial direction in the hub.
  • the external geometrical form of the actuator is compatible with the geometrical form of the cavity formed inside the hub and cross section of said form preferably comprises a cornered geometry such as a pentagon, square, etc.
  • the self-adjustable pitch propeller comprises a structure being adaptable to the already existing propeller shafts. This is achieved by means of a sleeve longitudinally placed on the propeller shaft. The actuator is placed on the sleeve so as to perform linear motion thereon.
  • the linear motion of the actuator along the axis of the hub is provided by means of a threaded shaft communicating with the actuator.
  • the resilient member is a mechanical spring and it is particularly a spiral spring.
  • the self-adjustable pitch propeller (2) is axially attached on a propeller shaft (1).
  • the propeller shaft (1) is driven by an engine (not shown in the figures) of a marine vessel connected thereto. Threads (1.1) are formed along a certain length on an end portion of the propeller shaft (1) and the propeller (2) is fixed to the shaft (1) after being fitted thereon by tightening of a nut (8) being placed on the threads (1.1) of the propeller shaft (1).
  • the propeller (2) comprises a cylindrical hub (3) and a plurality of blades (10) extending radially outwardly from the hub (3).
  • the hub (3) comprises a front end (3.4) and a rear end (3.5) and an open cavity (3.1) formed along the axis thereof.
  • the cross section of the hub cavity (3.1) preferably comprises a cornered geometry such as a pentagon, hexagon, square etc. along almost the entire axis thereof.
  • the cross sectional geometry on an end (3.5) portion of the hub cavity (3.1) is partially circular and a cross sectional narrowing takes place when being advanced from the circular cross section to the cross section with cornered geometry.
  • the cross sectional narrowing defines an abutting surface (3.7) for the actuator (4) to be described later.
  • the hub (3) comprises a plurality of blade connection openings (3.3) formed circularly along the hub thickness in the radial direction.
  • Blade seating surfaces (3.2) are formed around each of the blade connection openings (3.3). Said blade seating surfaces (3.2) start from the external surface of the hub (3) and partially extend radially inwardly.
  • the actuator (4) moving linearly in the direction of the axis of the hub (3) is placed partially into the hub cavity (3.1).
  • the actuator (4) has a longitudinal form and comprises longitudinal actuator advancing surfaces (4.1) entering into the hub cavity (3.1).
  • the cross sectional geometry of the actuator advancing surfaces (4.1) are compatible with the cross sectional geometry of the hub cavity (3.1). Namely, the cross sectional geometry of the actuator advancing surfaces (4.1) also comprises preferably a cornered geometry such as a pentagon, hexagon, square etc. In this situation, the actuator advancing surfaces (4.1) cooperates with the hub interior cavity surfaces (3.6). However, in terms of dimensions, the cross section of the actuator advancing surfaces (4.1) are made slightly smaller than the cross section of the hub cavity (3.1) such that the linear advancing of the actuator (4) inside the hub (3) can be possible.
  • the inner portion of the actuator (4) comprises a cavity having a circular cross section along the axis thereof.
  • the inner surface (4.8) of the actuator (4) is dimensioned so as to sit on the propeller shaft (1) and to linearly move thereon.
  • Actuator slots (4.2) arranged circularly in the radial direction and formed so as to have the same number with the blades are disposed on the advancing surfaces (4.1) of the actuator. Motion transmission pins (10.3) to be described later are fitted in the slots (4.2).
  • the actuator comprises an actuator flange (4.3) protruding radially outwardly on the other end thereof, i.e. where no slots (4.2) are formed.
  • the actuator flange (4.3) is placed inside the circular cross section of the hub cavity (3.1) and preferably abuts to the abutting surface (3.7) at a maximum advancing position of the actuator (4).
  • the actuator (4) further comprises rods (4.4) extending from the actuator flange (4.3) towards the other end thereof and an actuator disc (4.6) connected to said rods (4.4).
  • Rod connection slots (4.5) are formed on the actuator flange (4.3) as well as the actuator disc (4.6) for the connection of the rods (4.4).
  • the rods (4.4) are provided with circular form, wherein a cavity is disposed in the middle portion thereof such that the propeller connection nut (8) is placed into said cavity.
  • a seating surface (4.7) having an annular shape is formed at a remote surface of the actuator disc (4.6).
  • a spring (12) being preferably a spiral spring, is abutted from one of its end to the seating surface (4.7). From the opposite end the spring (12) is abutted to a support plate (13), thus the support plate (13) is arranged apart from the actuator disc (4.6).
  • the spring (12) can have any proper rigidity according to cruising conditions, properties of the marine vehicle to which the propeller is to be attached and so forth.
  • a shaft (5) is fixed at the center thereof.
  • the fixation of the shaft (5) is provided by a bolt (14) running into the shaft (5), which is introduced from the side where the spring is arranged.
  • Threads (5.1) are axially formed along a certain distance at the end of the shaft (5) close to the support plate (13).
  • a wrench groove (5.2) extending axially inwardly from the opposite end (i.e. not threaded end) of the shaft (5) is formed.
  • the wrench groove (5.2) can be provided with a form so as to be rotated with for example an allen wrench.
  • a conical piece (9) having a gradually tapering form for proper flow of the water leaving the propeller (2) is fixed on the rear end (3.5) portion of the hub.
  • the inner portion of the conical piece (9) comprises a cavity so as to receive the spring (12), support plate (13), the actuator disc (4.6), rods (4.4), propeller connection nut (8) and respective portion of the propeller shaft (1).
  • the conical piece (9) also comprises a circular shaft cavity (9.3) extending axially starting from the pointed end portion thereof. Screw threads (9.2) are formed along a certain length on the shaft cavity (9.3). The screw threads (9.2) of the conical piece are compatible with the shaft threads (5.1) so as to work together.
  • a wrench hole (9.1) is formed on the tapered end portion of the conical piece (9).
  • the hub (3) can be extended to the rear and the screw threads (9.2) of the conical piece in said case can be configured on the inner portion of the extended hub.
  • Each blade (10) comprises a blade-hub connection end (10.1) connected to the hub (3).
  • the lower surfaces of the blade-hub connection ends (10.1) seat on the blade seating surfaces (3.2) formed on the hub (3).
  • this is not a form-fitting seating, i.e. it is a loose seating, because, as will be described later, the blades (10) should be seated with a clearance so as to be rotated in their radial direction relative to the hub axis.
  • a motion transmission means (10.2) is provided in the lower portion of each blade-hub connection end (10.1) so as to be disposed on the blade connection opening (3.3).
  • the motion transmission means (10.2) have preferably a disc-like form and there is provided a bolt slot (10.5) at the center thereof. There is also provided a bolt slot (10.6) in the lower portion of each blade (10).
  • the bolt (10.8) is preferably an alien type of bolt and after the bolt slots (10.5, 10.6) are aligned, the allen bolt (10.8) is inserted into the hub (3) and then tightened by means of an alien wrench.
  • the blade and hub connection can be additionally streneghtened by using additional bolts (10.9) as shown in Figure 5 .
  • Each of the motion transmission means (10.2) in the form of a disc comprises a motion transmission pin (10.3) disposed at a certain distance from the center thereof and extending in the axial direction therefrom.
  • Each of the motion transmission pin (10.3) is shaped so as to be received by the respective slot (4.2) formed on the advancing surfaces (4.1) of the actuator.
  • each motion transmission pin (10.3) disposed in the actuator slot (4.2) is pushed to rotate a certain amount about the axis of the motion transmission means (10.2).
  • the disc shaped motion transmission means (10.2) also rotates a certain amount about the axis thereof; because, the motion transmission means (10.2) is not rigidly connected to the hub (3), i.e. the motion transmission means (10.2) is movable relative to the hub (3).
  • the motion transmission means (10.2) is rotatably disposed inside a cavity formed inside the hub (3) (blade connection opening).
  • each motion transmission means (10.2) is rigidly connected to the respective blade, when the motion transmission means (10.2) rotates, the blade (10) connected thereto also rotates about an axis radial to the axis of the hub (3).
  • the pitch of the blades (10) can be manually adjusted as desired by means of a wrench (11).
  • blades are initially set to have relatively high pitch.
  • area of blade surfaces counteracting water is increased, which is needed when relatively higher thrust is required.
  • the pitch of the blades is adjusted by itself.
  • the actuator (4) is forced to move towards the tapering end of the conical piece, the water force is balanced by the reaction force of the spring (12) up to a certain threshold value and once the threshold reaction force is exceeded, the actuator (4) is moved to a point where the water force is balanced with the reaction force of the spring.
  • the pitch is adjusted by itself.
  • the resilient member in place of the spring can be used between the actuator (4) and the shaft (5).
  • the resilient member can be a rubber or a compressible fluid and so forth. In case a compressible fluid is used, this fluid is retained in a closed container.
  • a cylindrical projection (10.7) extending downward from the hub connection end (10.1) of each blade is provided.
  • a protrusion extending upward from the motion transmission means (10.2) fits inside the cavity of said projection (10.7).
  • An O-ring (10.4) is disposed around the blade connection end projection (10.7).
  • the self-adjustable pitch propeller can be designed so as to be adapted to the already existing propeller shafts.
  • a shaft sleeve (6) is coaxially fitted on the propeller shaft (1).
  • the shaft sleeve (6) comprises a flange (6.2) at one of its end and a staged cylinder (6.1) extending axially therefrom.
  • the diameter of the first stage (6.1.1) of the shaft sleeve cylinder is greater than the diameter of the second stage (6.1.2) thereof.
  • the outer diameter of the second stage (6.1.2) of the cylinder is slightly smaller than the diameter of the circular inner surface (4.8) of the actuator (4), thus, when the actuator (4) is seated on the second cylinder stage (6.1.2), it can move linearly thereon.
  • the outer diameter of the shaft sleeve flange (6.2) is substantially same as the outer diameter size of the hub (3).
  • a static balance disc (7) is mounted on the propeller shaft (1) so as to correspond to the other end of the shaft sleeve flange (6.2).
  • the static balance disc comprises disc connection holes (7.1) formed axially along the thickness thereof.
  • connection elements such as bolts.
  • the static balance disc (7) can be used to eliminate any possible mass imbalances of the propeller hub (3) or blades (10), which may occur due to manufacturing defects. In this case, the unbalanced mass is balanced by a mass (counter weight) against the static balance disc (7).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Flexible Shafts (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Schiffsschraube (2) mit selbst justierbarer Steigung, die an einer Welle (1) angebracht ist, die von einem Schiffsmotor angetrieben wird, eine im Wesentlichen zylindrische hohle Nabe (3) mit einem vorderen Ende (3.4) und einem hinteren Ende (3.5) und eine Mehrzahl von Blättern (10) umfassend, von denen sich jedes von der Nabe (3) aus radial auswärts erstreckt und in der Lage ist, sich zum Teil um eine Achse zu drehen, die radial zu der Nabe (3) ist; einen Stellantrieb (4), der entlang der Achse der Nabe (3) linear bewegbar ist; mindestens eine Bewegungsübertragungseinrichtung (10.2), die mit dem Stellantrieb (4) und den einzelnen Blättern (10) in Verbindung steht, um die lineare Bewegung des Stellantriebs (4) in eine Drehbewegung der einzelnen Blätter (10) in einer in Bezug auf die Achse der Nabe radialen Richtung umzuwandeln; ein elastisches Element, das mit dem Stellantrieb in Verbindung steht; ein konisches Teil (9), das am hinteren Ende (3.5) der Nabe (3) bereitgestellt ist und eine sich allmählich verjüngende Form aufweist, wobei das konische Teil (9) einen kreisförmige Wellenhohlraum aufweist, der sich beginnend an seinem verjüngten Ende axial erstreckt, und das konische Teil (9) Schraubgewindegänge (9.2) umfasst, die entlang eines Abschnitts der Länge am Wellenhohlraum (9.3) ausgebildet sind, und dass ein Gewindeschaft (5) am Wellenhohlraum (9.3) bereitgestellt ist, wobei der Gewindeschaft (5) mit dem Stellantrieb (4) in Verbindung steht und Gewindegänge aufweist, die mit den Schraubgewindegängen (9.2) kompatibel sind, und dass der Gewindeschaft (5) eine Schlüsselausnehmung (5.2) aufweist, die sich von einem Endabschnitt des Gewindeschafts (5) axial einwärts erstreckt, so dass ein Schlüssel (11) darin bereitgestellt werden kann, um ihn manuell zu drehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner eine Wellenhülse (6) umfasst, die koaxial auf die Propellerwelle (1) gepasst ist, wobei die Wellenhülse (6) an einem ihrer Enden einen Flansch (6.2) und einen gestuften Zylinder (6.1), der sich axial davon erstreckt, umfasst, wobei der Durchmesser einer ersten Stufe (6.1.1) des gestuften Zylinders größer ist als der Durchmesser einer zweiten Stufe (6.1.2) desselben, und der Außendurchmesser der zweiten Stufe (6.1.2) des gestuften Zylinders etwas kleiner ist als der Durchmesser der kreisförmigen Innenfläche (4.8) des Stellantriebs (4), so dass dann, wenn der Stellantrieb (4) auf der zweiten Stufe (6.1.2) sitzt, er sich linear darauf bewegen kann.
  2. Schiffsschraube mit selbst justierbarer Steigung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Stellantrieb (4) Stellantriebsnuten (4.2) aufweist, die daran radial angeordnet sind.
  3. Schiffsschraube mit selbst justierbarer Steigung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Stellantrieb (4) eine Längsform aufweist und sich in Längsrichtung vorwärts erstreckende Stellantriebsflächen (4.1) aufweist, die in den Nabenhohlraum (3.1) eingeführt werden.
  4. Schiffsschraube mit selbst justierbarer Steigung nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Querschnittsgeometrie des Nabenhohlraums (3.1) zumindest zum Teil mit der Querschnittsgeometrie des Stellantriebs (4) kompatibel ist und ihre Querschnittsgeometrien vorzugsweise eine eckige Geometrie umfassen, wie etwa ein Fünfeck, ein Sechseck oder ein Viereck.
  5. Schiffsschraube mit selbst justierbarer Steigung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der innere Abschnitt des Stellantriebs (4) einen Hohlraum mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt entlang seiner Achse aufweist; und der axiale Hohlraum des Stellantriebs so bemessen ist, dass er auf der Propellerwelle (1) sitzen und sich linear darauf bewegen kann.
  6. Schiffsschraube mit selbst justierbarer Steigung nach Anspruch 3, wobei der Stellantrieb (4) kreisförmig angeordnete Stäbe (4.4), die von den sich vorwärts erstreckenden Oberflächen (4.1) des Stellantriebs aus vorstehen, und eine mit den Stäben (4.4) verbundene Stellantriebsscheibe (4.6) umfasst.
  7. Schiffsschraube mit selbst justierbarer Steigung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Bewegungsübertragungseinrichtung (10.2) eine scheibenartige Form aufweist und einen Bewegungsübertragungszapfen (10.3) umfasst, der abseits von ihrem Zentrum bereitgestellt ist und in axialer Richtung davon vorsteht, wobei der Bewegungsübertragungszapfen (10.3) von den Stellantriebsnuten (4.2) aufnehmbar ist.
  8. Schiffsschraube mit selbst justierbarer Steigung nach Anspruch 7, wobei jede Bewegungsübertragungseinrichtung (10.2) fest mit ihrem jeweiligen Blatt (10) verbunden ist und jede Bewegungsübertragungseinrichtung (10.2) relativ zur Nabe (3) bewegbar ist.
  9. Schiffsschraube mit selbst justierbarer Steigung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das elastische Element eine mechanische Feder ist.
  10. Schiffsschraube mit selbst justierbarer Steigung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das elastische Element von einem Ende aus mit dem Stellantrieb (4) in Verbindung steht; und vom anderen Ende aus mit einer Trägerplatte (13) in Verbindung steht, die an der Welle (5) befestigt ist.
  11. Schiffsschraube mit selbst justierbarer Steigung nach Anspruch 10, wobei das elastische Element Gummi oder ein komprimierbares Fluid ist.
EP14001397.0A 2013-10-03 2014-04-16 Propeller mit selbstjustierender Steigung Active EP2857307B1 (de)

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TR2013/11584A TR201311584A2 (tr) 2013-10-03 2013-10-03 Adımı kendinden değişen adımlı deniz pervanesi.

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EP2857307B1 true EP2857307B1 (de) 2019-08-21

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109612557B (zh) * 2018-11-08 2021-01-15 江苏大学 一种螺旋桨质心检测装置
IT201800010465A1 (it) * 2018-11-20 2020-05-20 William Edoardo Scacchi Elica per imbarcazioni a vela a passo variabile con ritorno in posizione di bandiera automatico senza ingranaggi

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3229772A (en) * 1964-09-22 1966-01-18 Donald L Miller Automatic variable pitch propeller for small boats
US3295610A (en) * 1965-10-24 1967-01-03 Frias Robert Automatic propeller pitch control and adaptor
US4419050A (en) * 1980-08-18 1983-12-06 Williams Charles L Method and apparatus for controlling propeller pitch
US4929153A (en) * 1988-07-07 1990-05-29 Nautical Development, Inc. Self-actuating variable pitch marine propeller
US5527154A (en) * 1994-12-20 1996-06-18 Drajan; Cornell Variable pitch boat prop

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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EP2857307A1 (de) 2015-04-08
TR201311584A2 (tr) 2015-02-23

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