EP2855902A1 - Moteur a combustion interne muni d'un systeme de recirculation des gaz d'echappement (egr) et procede de commande de la recirculation des gaz associe - Google Patents
Moteur a combustion interne muni d'un systeme de recirculation des gaz d'echappement (egr) et procede de commande de la recirculation des gaz associeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2855902A1 EP2855902A1 EP13723182.5A EP13723182A EP2855902A1 EP 2855902 A1 EP2855902 A1 EP 2855902A1 EP 13723182 A EP13723182 A EP 13723182A EP 2855902 A1 EP2855902 A1 EP 2855902A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- egr
- cylinder
- dedicated
- combustion
- engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
- F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
- F02D21/08—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D17/00—Controlling engines by cutting out individual cylinders; Rendering engines inoperative or idling
- F02D17/02—Cutting-out
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D37/00—Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D37/02—Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for one of the functions being ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
- F02D41/0055—Special engine operating conditions, e.g. for regeneration of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/0065—Specific aspects of external EGR control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
- F02D41/0087—Selective cylinder activation, i.e. partial cylinder operation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/35—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for cleaning or treating the recirculated gases, e.g. catalysts, condensate traps, particle filters or heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/42—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders
- F02M26/43—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders in which exhaust from only one cylinder or only a group of cylinders is directed to the intake of the engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
- F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
- F02B47/04—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only
- F02B47/08—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only the substances including exhaust gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/021—Engine temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2700/00—Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
- F02D2700/05—Controlling by preventing combustion in one or more cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2700/00—Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
- F02D2700/05—Controlling by preventing combustion in one or more cylinders
- F02D2700/052—Methods therefor
- F02D2700/056—Methods therefor by interrupting the medium supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
- F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
- F02D41/064—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting at cold start
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to an internal combustion engine equipped with a gas recirculation system, as well as to the method for controlling the recirculation of gases in such an engine.
- the gases introduced into these combustion chambers consist on the one hand of air and on the other hand of gasoline or gas oil, in proportions proportionally dosed according to the engines and ignition systems used.
- the gas mixture is then ignited in the combustion chamber.
- Some known systems such as the system described in document US2009 / 0308070, comprise a recirculation duct capable of reinjecting all of the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber of one of the cylinders, called cylinder dedicated to the EGR, inside the intake manifold of the engine.
- the invention proposes to inhibit under certain conditions the combustion inside the combustion chamber of the cylinder dedicated to the EGR during startup.
- the air from the intake manifold enters the cylinder dedicated to the EGR and then spring to return to the inlet via the recirculation duct. This increases the rate of oxygen intake, which facilitates the engine start at very low temperatures.
- the invention therefore relates to an internal combustion engine comprising: an air intake manifold, ⁇ an exhaust manifold, a plurality of cylinders each having a combustion chamber, and a recirculation duct suitable for reinject all the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber of at least one of the cylinders, said cylinder dedicated to the EGR, inside the air intake manifold, characterized in that it further comprises a control system configured to temporarily inhibit the combustion inside the chamber of combustion of the cylinder dedicated to the EGR.
- control system is configured to inhibit combustion in the combustion chamber of the cylinder dedicated to the EGR when a temperature of the internal combustion engine is lower than a threshold temperature.
- the threshold temperature is less than or equal to minus 10 degrees, preferably equal to minus 20 degrees.
- control system is configured to provide a blockage of a fuel injection at the cylinder dedicated to the EGR.
- control system is configured to ensure a blocking of the ignition of a candle associated with the cylinder dedicated to the EGR.
- the invention further relates to a method for controlling the recirculation of gases in an internal combustion engine comprising: an air intake manifold, an exhaust manifold, ⁇ a plurality of cylinders each having a chamber of combustion, and a recirculation conduit adapted to reinject all of the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber of at least one of the cylinders, said cylinder dedicated to the EGR, inside the intake manifold. characterized in that it comprises the following steps: measuring the temperature of the internal combustion engine, comparing the measured temperature with a threshold temperature value, and inhibiting the combustion inside the combustion chamber associated with the cylinder dedicated to the EGR in the case where the measured temperature of the internal combustion engine is lower than the value of the threshold temperature.
- the measurement of the engine temperature can be carried out specifically in the context of the method according to the invention or for any other pre-existing function: then the pre-existing temperature measurement is re-used.
- the method comprises the step of blocking the fuel injection at said cylinder dedicated to the engine. EGR.
- the method comprises the step of blocking the ignition of a spark plug of said cylinder dedicated to the EGR.
- the temperature of the internal combustion engine is determined from the measurement of the temperature of the water and / or oil flowing in a circuit adjoining the engine.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine according to the invention provided with an exhaust gas recirculation system
- Figure 2 shows a diagram of the main steps of the control method of the recirculation of the exhaust gas according to the invention. Identical, similar or similar elements retain the same reference from one figure to another.
- Figure 1 shows a turbocharged 2.1-4 four-cylinder internal combustion engine 1.
- the engine 1 comprises an engine block 3 in which are provided 5.1 -5.4 combustion chambers 2.1 -2.4 cylinders.
- An intake manifold 8 receives air to be introduced into the combustion chamber 5.1 -5.4.
- the intake air is sucked from outside the vehicle, through an air filter (not shown).
- the direction of movement of the intake air is symbolized by the arrows 1 1.
- a valve 12 ensures the management of the air flow introduced into the combustion chambers 5.1 -5.4 as a function of the operating conditions of the engine 1.
- a fuel injection inside the combustion chamber 5.1 -5.4 is performed by means of injectors referenced 14.1 -14.4.
- candles 16.1 -16.4 can ignite the gaseous mixture of air and fuel inside the chambers 5.1 -5.4 combustion.
- an exhaust manifold 17 receives the emissions of gas produced by the combustion and directs them to an exhaust catalyst 19 adapted to treat the fumes before their expulsion to the outside atmosphere in a manner known per se.
- the flow direction of the exhaust gases is represented by the arrows 20.
- the cylinders 2.1 -2.3 which operate in a conventional manner, each have an inlet (associated with an inlet valve) in relation to the intake manifold 8 and an outlet (associated with an outlet valve) in relation with the exhaust manifold 17.
- the cylinder 2.4 said cylinder dedicated to the EGR, has an inlet connected to the intake manifold 8 and an outlet also connected to the intake manifold 8 via a conduit 22 for recirculating gases.
- the duct 22 thus ensures the reinjection of all the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber 5.4 of the cylinder 2.4 dedicated to the EGR inside the air intake manifold 8.
- the flow direction of the gases in the duct 22 is indicated by the arrows 24.
- the engine 1 further comprises a turbocharger 23 comprising a compression stage 25 and a stage 26 of relaxation.
- the compression stage compresses the intake air to optimize the filling of combustion chambers 5.1-5.4.
- the flow of the exhaust gas rotates a turbine of the stage 26 of expansion which then drives in rotation a turbine of the stage 25 of compression via a shaft 29 coupling connecting the two turbines between them.
- the flow of the exhaust gas thus allows compression of the gases at the intake.
- a first 31 and a second 32 heat exchangers are intended to cool, respectively, the air entering the intake manifold 8 and the gas flowing in the conduit 22 to avoid introducing too hot gases in 5.1 -5.4 combustion chambers, which would result in a loss of volumetric efficiency.
- a second catalyst 33 exhaust is installed on the path of the recirculation conduit 22 to perform the treatment of exhaust gases from the cylinder 2.4 dedicated to the EGR before their reinjection into the collector 8 air intake.
- the engine 1 also comprises sensors 35 and 36 for determining the temperature of a liquid of an auxiliary circuit of the engine, namely a water circuit of the engine or an engine oil circuit.
- the vehicle also includes a sensor 37 for measuring the outside temperature.
- These sensors 35-37 are in connection with a computer 40, said engine control computer, connected to a memory 41 containing instructions for managing the control of the various elements of the architecture of the engine.
- This computer 40 thus ensures in particular the control of the injectors 14.1 -14.4 and where appropriate (for gasoline engines) spark plugs 16.1 -16.4 independently of each other.
- the computer 40 and the memory 41 form the control system of the engine 1.
- a first step 101 the computer 40 determines the temperature TM of the engine 1.
- This temperature TM can be determined by means of one or both sensors 35, 36 for measuring the temperature of the water or oil flowing in one of the auxiliary circuits of the engine.
- the sensor 37 At the start of the engine and provided that the vehicle has remained sufficient time to stop, it is even possible to directly use the value returned by the sensor 37 for measuring the outside temperature because in this case, all the elements of the vehicle have a temperature a priori substantially equal to the outside temperature of the vehicle environment.
- the computer 40 compares the measured temperature TM with a threshold temperature TS below which operation of the engine 1 in a conventional EGR mode could disrupt the engine start.
- this threshold temperature is less than minus 10 degrees and preferably equal to minus 20 degrees.
- the computer 40 controls, in a step 103, the engine 1 according to a conventional EGR operating mode.
- the conditions of fuel injection, air supply and ignition are then identical for all cylinders 2.1 -2.4 of the engine.
- the exhaust gases from the cylinder 2.4 dedicated to the EGR are then reinjected into the intake manifold 8 via the recirculation conduit 22.
- the computer 40 detects that the measured temperature TM is lower than the threshold temperature TS, the computer 40 inhibits, in a step 104, the combustion inside the combustion chamber 5.4 of the dedicated cylinder 2.4. at the EGR.
- the other cylinders 2.1 -2.3 which are not dedicated to the EGR are controlled conventionally.
- the air introduced into the combustion chamber 5.4 of the cylinder 2.4 dedicated to the EGR is thus reinjected as such into the air collector 8 via the recirculation duct 22.
- This phenomenon of air reinjection is explained by the fact that the valves of cylinders 2.1 -2.4 are controlled by a camshaft whose profile is the same regardless of the cylinder considered. This makes it possible to increase the oxygen content in the air-fuel mixture in order to facilitate the starting of the engine 1 at very low temperatures.
- the computer 40 blocks, in a step 105, the injection of fuel into the cylinder 2.4 dedicated to the EGR by a suitable control of the corresponding injector 14.4.
- the computer 40 also blocks, in a step 106, the ignition of the spark plug 16.4 of the cylinder 2.4 dedicated to the EGR in the case of a gasoline engine.
- the computer 40 controls the engine 1 in the conventional operating mode EGR.
- the control system of the engine 1 makes it possible to temporarily inhibit the combustion inside the combustion chamber 5.4 of the cylinder 2.4 dedicated to the EGR during the period during which the temperature of the engine 1 is below the temperature threshold TS.
- the skilled person can of course modify the architecture shown in the figures without departing from the scope of the invention described above. It will thus be able to modify the number of cylinders 2.1 -2.4 of the engine as well as the number of cylinders dedicated to the EGR. The skilled person may also consider any other system to effectively inhibit the combustion in the cylinder 2.4 dedicated to the EGR at low temperatures.
- the combustion at the level of the cylinder 2.4 dedicated to the EGR is inhibited when the engine 1 has other operating conditions than operation at low temperatures in which an increase in the oxygen level at the intake is necessary.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1254756A FR2990996B1 (fr) | 2012-05-24 | 2012-05-24 | Moteur a combustion interne muni d'un systeme de recirculation des gaz d'echappement (egr) et procede de commande de la recirculation des gaz associe |
PCT/FR2013/050853 WO2013175091A1 (fr) | 2012-05-24 | 2013-04-18 | Moteur a combustion interne muni d'un systeme de recirculation des gaz d'echappement (egr) et procede de commande de la recirculation des gaz associe |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2855902A1 true EP2855902A1 (fr) | 2015-04-08 |
Family
ID=48446396
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13723182.5A Withdrawn EP2855902A1 (fr) | 2012-05-24 | 2013-04-18 | Moteur a combustion interne muni d'un systeme de recirculation des gaz d'echappement (egr) et procede de commande de la recirculation des gaz associe |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2855902A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2990996B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013175091A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9534546B2 (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2017-01-03 | Caterpillar Inc. | System and method for operating engine |
US9284920B2 (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2016-03-15 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for stopping and starting an engine with dedicated EGR |
US9581114B2 (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2017-02-28 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for dedicated EGR cylinder exhaust gas temperature control |
US9926904B2 (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2018-03-27 | Cummins, Inc. | Variable ignition energy management |
US9771917B2 (en) * | 2014-10-03 | 2017-09-26 | Cummins Inc. | Variable ignition energy management |
US10480460B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2019-11-19 | Tenneco Gmbh | EGR system with particle filter for a gasoline engine |
DE102014118813A1 (de) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Tenneco Gmbh | AGR-System mit Partikelfilter für Ottomotor |
US10215134B2 (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2019-02-26 | Cummins Inc. | Engine arrangements with EGR systems |
WO2020236154A1 (fr) | 2019-05-21 | 2020-11-26 | Cummins Inc. | Procédés d'allumage à énergie variable, systèmes, procédés et appareils |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2423794B (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2008-09-10 | Ford Global Tech Llc | An internal combustion engine having cylinder disablement and gas recirculation |
US7765994B2 (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2010-08-03 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Cylinder charge temperature control for an internal combustion engine |
US8291891B2 (en) | 2008-06-17 | 2012-10-23 | Southwest Research Institute | EGR system with dedicated EGR cylinders |
-
2012
- 2012-05-24 FR FR1254756A patent/FR2990996B1/fr active Active
-
2013
- 2013-04-18 WO PCT/FR2013/050853 patent/WO2013175091A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2013-04-18 EP EP13723182.5A patent/EP2855902A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO2013175091A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2013175091A1 (fr) | 2013-11-28 |
FR2990996A1 (fr) | 2013-11-29 |
FR2990996B1 (fr) | 2016-01-29 |
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