EP2855823A1 - Apparatus and method for controlling or limiting rotor orbit in moving cavity motors and pumps - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for controlling or limiting rotor orbit in moving cavity motors and pumpsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2855823A1 EP2855823A1 EP20130793462 EP13793462A EP2855823A1 EP 2855823 A1 EP2855823 A1 EP 2855823A1 EP 20130793462 EP20130793462 EP 20130793462 EP 13793462 A EP13793462 A EP 13793462A EP 2855823 A1 EP2855823 A1 EP 2855823A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- stator
- assembly
- motor
- rigid material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
- F01C21/10—Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings
- F01C21/102—Adjustment of the interstices between moving and fixed parts of the machine by means other than fluid pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/02—Fluid rotary type drives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03C—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
- F03C2/00—Rotary-piston engines
- F03C2/08—Rotary-piston engines of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C13/00—Adaptations of machines or pumps for special use, e.g. for extremely high pressures
- F04C13/008—Pumps for submersible use, i.e. down-hole pumping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C15/00—Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
- F04C15/0042—Systems for the equilibration of forces acting on the machines or pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
- F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
- F04C2/10—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
- F04C2/107—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth
- F04C2/1071—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth the inner and outer member having a different number of threads and one of the two being made of elastic materials, e.g. Moineau type
- F04C2/1073—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth the inner and outer member having a different number of threads and one of the two being made of elastic materials, e.g. Moineau type where one member is stationary while the other member rotates and orbits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2240/00—Components
- F04C2240/80—Other components
Definitions
- Embodiments disclosed herein relate to apparatus and methods for controlling or limiting the position of a rotor relative to a stator in a moving cavity motor or pump. In another aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to apparatus and methods for controlling or limiting the position of a rotor relative to a stator in a mud motor.
- Moving cavity motors or pumps sometimes known as positive displacement motors or pumps, or progressive or progressing cavity motors or pumps, work by trapping fluid in cavities.
- the cavities are formed in spaces between the rotor and the stator, and the relative rotation between these components is the mechanism which causes the cavities to progress and travel axially along the length of the device from the input end to the output end. If the rotor is forced to rotate, fluid is drawn along in the cavities and the device will be a pump. If the fluid is pumped into the input end cavity at a higher pressure than that at the outlet end, the forces generated on the rotor cause it to rotate and the device will be a motor.
- the rotor (2) will be a helically shaped shaft with a sectional shape similar to those shown in Figure 1.
- the number of lobes on the rotor (2) can vary from one to any number.
- the stator (4) has a profile which complements the shape of the rotor (2), with the number of lobes varying between two and any number, examples of which are illustrated in Figure 2. In a matching rotor-stator pair, the number of lobes on the stator (4) will be one greater than on the rotor (2).
- a section through a typical combination of rotor (2) and stator (4) is shown in Figure 3, in which the rotor (2) has three lobes and the stator (4) has four lobes, with the rotor (2) being received within the stator (4).
- the seals (6) define a plurality of cavities (8) between the rotor (2) and the stator (4) and still allow for relative rotation between the rotor (2) and stator (4).
- the rotor (2) and stator (4) sections typically remain the same along the length of the motor or pump (10), but progressively rotate to result in a helical profile. A section through a diametral plane of part of a motor or pump (10) is shown in Figure 4.
- the rotor (2) does not have to be of a fixed length.
- the chosen length is often defined in stages where one stage consists of a complete rotation of the helix of the stator (4).
- the cavities (8) are formed between the stator (4) and the rotor (2).
- This drive shaft assembly (12) has a moveable joint assembly (14) to facilitate this mechanism.
- the outside end of the drive shaft (13) is connected to the component that requires to be driven, a drill bit for example in the case of a downhole motor.
- the outside end of the drive shaft (13) is connected to a source of rotational energy such as a motor.
- the torque that is generated in the rotor (2) in the case of the device being a motor, or required in the rotor (2) in the case of the device being a pump, is a complex combination of the pressure forces acting in the cavities (8) and the reaction forces between the points of contact between the stator (4) and the rotor (2). This has the effect of trying to turn the rotor (2) in the case of a motor or resisting rotation in the case of a pump. In both cases there is also a net lateral force that acts to push the rotor (2) into the stator (4). The direction of this force rotates as the rotor (2) turns. There is also a centrifugal force generated by the orbital motion of the rotor. And in the case of a motor, such as a mud motor, there may be a lateral component of the thrust carried by the transmission.
- Embodiments disclosed herein may be used to overcome some of the limitations of known mud pumps and other moving cavity motors or pumps, or at least to provide an alternative to known mud pumps and other moving cavity motors or pumps.
- a moving cavity motor or pump comprising: a rotor, a stator and apparatus for controlling or limiting the movement of the rotor relative to the stator.
- a surface of the rotor or the stator may be made of a flexible material to permit a seal to form between contacting surfaces of the rotor and the stator, and in one or more embodiments the movement of the rotor relative to the stator is controlled or limited to minimise deformation of the flexible material and the consequential opening of gaps between the contacting surfaces of the rotor and the stator.
- the rotor is constrained to follow a desired rotational and positional movement.
- the rotor is constrained by a precession device constructed such that rotor rotation can be made dependent on rotor position.
- the precession device consists of a lobed wheel, connected to the rotor shaft that follows a lobed track connected to the stator.
- the ratio of the number of lobes on the wheel to the number of lobes on the track is the same as the ratio of the number of lobes on the rotor to the number of lobes on the stator.
- the lobed wheel has a compliant layer on the outside surface that mates with the track.
- the lobed track has a compliant layer on the surface that mates with the lobed wheel.
- the radial movement of the rotor relative to the stator is controlled or limited.
- the movement of a geometric centre of the rotor is limited to a predetermined path in use of the motor or pump.
- a wheel assembly at one or more locations to control or limit the movement of the rotor within, or around, the stator.
- the wheel assembly comprises a wheel mounted on a shaft of the rotor, the wheel being configured to run around an inner surface of the stator.
- the outside diameter of the wheel is equal to the diameter of the inner surface of the stator minus twice the predetermined maximum offset of the rotor from its geometric centreline.
- the wheel assembly may comprise a wheel mounted on a shaft of the stator, the wheel being configured to permit the rotor to run around an outer surface of the stator.
- the inner component is fixed (thus being the stator or stationary member) while the outer component of the motor or pump rotates (the rotor or rotating member).
- the outside diameter of the wheel is equal to that of the inner surface of the rotor minus twice the predetermined maximum offset of the rotor from its geometric centreline.
- the wheel assembly is located at a position in the motor or pump where the profile of the rotor and the stator are substantially circular.
- the wheel assembly further comprises a bearing to permit relative rotation between the wheel and the rotor.
- the bearing may conveniently be a needle bearing.
- the wheel has apertures to permit the flow of fluid therethrough.
- engaging surfaces of the rotor and the stator are substantially rigid in the area of the wheel assembly.
- a fixed insert at one or more locations to control or limit the movement of the rotor within, or around, the stator.
- the fixed insert is mounted within an outer member of the rotor-stator pair and has a central aperture through which a shaft of an inner member of the rotor-stator pair can pass, the diameter of the central aperture being sized to limit the radial motion of the rotor relative to the stator.
- the fixed insert has a further plurality of apertures to permit the flow of fluid therethrough.
- the fixed insert is located at a position in the motor or pump where the profiles of the rotor and/or stator are substantially circular.
- the central aperture is substantially circular such that the shaft of the rotor can run around the central aperture, or the rotor and fixed insert can run around the stator.
- a drive shaft assembly at one or more locations to control or limit the movement of the rotor within, or around, the stator.
- the drive shaft assembly comprises: a driver shaft and a driven shaft, such that rotation may be transmitted when the two shafts are not parallel; and a mechanism for limiting the angle between the driver shaft and the driven shaft such that the movement of the rotor relative to the stator is limited.
- the mechanism for limiting the angle of the driver shaft and the driven shaft is a buffer ring.
- a rotatable insert at one or more locations to control or limit the movement of the rotor within the stator.
- the rotatable insert is mounted within the stator and has an aperture through which a shaft of the rotor can pass, the aperture being offset from the centre of the rotatable insert such that movement of the rotor is limited to a predetermined path.
- the rotatable insert is free to rotate within the stator.
- the rotor is free to rotate within the rotatable insert.
- a bearing is provided to facilitate rotation of the rotatable insert and/or rotor.
- the rotatable insert comprises a further plurality of apertures to permit the flow of fluid therethrough.
- a piston assembly at one or more locations to control or limit the movement of the rotor within, or around, the stator.
- the piston assembly comprises a plurality of inward facing pistons spaced around the outer member of the rotor-stator pair to control the movement of the rotor relative to the stator.
- the pistons may conveniently be evenly spaced around the outer member of the rotor-stator pair.
- the pistons are mounted into an insert which is itself mounted onto the outer member of the rotor-stator pair.
- the outer member of the rotor-stator pair is locally thickened in the regions where the pistons are mounted.
- the insert is provided with a plurality of apertures to permit the flow of fluid therethrough.
- a method for improving the performance of a moving cavity motor or pump comprising the step of controlling or limiting the movement of the rotor relative to the stator to minimise the opening of gaps between the rotor and stator.
- control or limitation of the movement of the rotor relative to the stator is in addition to any restrictions caused by contact with the stator or by connections made to the end of the rotor.
- the radial movement of the rotor is controlled or limited relative to the stator.
- the rotor is controlled to follow a predetermined combination of path and rotation using a precession device.
- the movement of a geometric centre of the rotor is limited to a predetermined path.
- a wheel is provided between the rotor and the stator to limit the movement therebetween.
- a fixed insert is provided between the rotor and the stator to limit the movement therebetween.
- a drive shaft is connect to the rotor to limit the relative movement between the rotor and the stator.
- a rotatable insert is provided between the rotor and the stator, the insert having an aperture offset from its centre through which a shaft of the rotor extends, to limit the relative movement between the rotor and the stator.
- a piston arrangement is provided between the rotor and the stator to limit the movement therebetween.
- inventions disclosed herein are related to a method of drilling a wellbore through a subterranean formation.
- the method may include: passing a drilling fluid through a mud motor assembly, the mud motor assembly comprising a moving or progressive cavity motor having a proximal end and a distal end, the motor comprising: a stator and a rotor, wherein a surface of the stator is made of a flexible material to permit a seal to form between contacting surfaces of the rotor and the stator; at least one apparatus disposed proximate at least one of the proximal end and the distal end, the at least one apparatus constraining the radial and/or tangential movement of the rotor relative to the stator; and drilling the formation using a drill bit directly or indirectly coupled to the rotor.
- a mud motor assembly comprising a moving or progressive cavity motor having an inlet end and an outlet end.
- the motor may include: a stator and a rotor, wherein a surface of the stator is made of a flexible material to permit a seal to form between contacting surfaces of the rotor and the stator; at least one apparatus disposed proximate at least one of the inlet end and the outlet end, the at least one apparatus constraining the radial and/or tangential movement of the rotor relative to the stator.
- embodiments disclosed herein relate to a drilling assembly.
- the drilling assembly may include: a mud motor assembly comprising a moving or progressive cavity motor having a proximal end and a distal end, including: a stator and a rotor, wherein a surface of the stator is made of a flexible material to permit a seal to form between contacting surfaces of the rotor and the stator; at least one apparatus disposed proximate at least one of the proximal end and the distal end, the at least one apparatus constraining the radial and/or tangential movement of the rotor relative to the stator; and a motor output shaft directly or indirectly coupled to the distal end of the rotor; and a drill bit directly or indirectly couple to a distal end of the motor output shaft.
- a mud motor assembly comprising a moving or progressive cavity motor having a proximal end and a distal end, including: a stator and a rotor, wherein a surface of the stator is made of a flexible material to permit a seal to form between contacting
- inventions disclosed herein relate to a moving or progressive cavity motor or pump assembly having an inlet end and an outlet end.
- the motor or pump may include: an inner member disposed within an outer member, one comprising a stator and the other a rotor, wherein a surface of the rotor or the stator is made of a flexible material to permit a seal to form between contacting surfaces of the rotor and the stator; at least one apparatus disposed proximate at least one of the inlet end and the outlet end, the at least one apparatus constraining the radial and/or tangential movement of the rotor relative to the stator.
- embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method of manufacturing a moving or progressive cavity motor or pump having an inlet end and an outlet end, the method comprising: disposing an inner member within an outer member, one comprising a stator and the other a rotor; the inner member having a section having a profiled helical outer surface; the outer member comprising a first section having a profiled helical inner surface and at least one second section having a circular inner surface, the at least one second section being proximate at least one of the inlet end and the outlet end and concentric with the first section; operatively connecting at least one apparatus for constraining the radial and/or tangential movement of the rotor relative to the stator to at least one of the inner member and the outer member along a length of the respective at least one second section.
- embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method of manufacturing an outer member of a moving or progressive cavity motor or pump, such as a stator for a mud motor, the method comprising: aligning a tubular outer member with a moulding, machining, and/or spray coating device, wherein the centreline of the tubular outer member and the centreline of the device may be the same or different; moulding, machining, and/or spray coating a first inner portion of the outer member to have a profiled helical inner surface and at least one second inner portion having an inner surface of approximately constant inner diameter and concentric with the first inner portion, the second inner portion being configured to house an apparatus for constraining the radial and/or tangential movement of an inner member disposed therein.
- a mud motor assembly including a moving or progressive cavity motor having a proximal end and a distal end, the motor having: a stator and a rotor; and at least one apparatus disposed proximate at least one of the proximal end and the distal end, the at least one apparatus constraining the radial and/or tangential movement of the rotor relative to the stator; wherein the stator comprise a contact surface formed from a rigid material.
- embodiments disclosed herein relate to a steering head, an adjustable bend housing, a bottom hole assembly, or a stabilizer comprising a mud motor assembly as described above, including a moving or progressive cavity motor having a proximal end and a distal end, the motor having: a stator and a rotor; and at least one apparatus disposed proximate at least one of the proximal end and the distal end, the at least one apparatus constraining the radial and/or tangential movement of the rotor relative to the stator; wherein the stator comprise a contact surface formed from a rigid material.
- embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method of drilling a wellbore through a subterranean formation, the method including: passing a drilling fluid through a mud motor assembly as described above, and including a moving or progressive cavity motor having a proximal end and a distal end, the motor having: a stator and a rotor; and at least one apparatus disposed proximate at least one of the proximal end and the distal end, the at least one apparatus constraining the radial and/or tangential movement of the rotor relative to the stator; wherein the stator comprise a contact surface formed from a rigid material.
- embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method of drilling a wellbore through a subterranean formation, the method including: passing a drilling fluid through a steering head, an adjustable bend housing, a bottom hole assembly, or a stabilizer including such a mud motor assembly. The formation is then drilled using a drill bit directly or indirectly coupled to the rotor.
- embodiments disclosed herein relate to a drilling assembly including a mud motor assembly as described above and including a moving or progressive cavity motor having a proximal end and a distal end, the motor having: a stator and a rotor; and at least one apparatus disposed proximate at least one of the proximal end and the distal end, the at least one apparatus constraining the radial and/or tangential movement of the rotor relative to the stator; wherein the stator comprise a contact surface formed from a rigid material.
- embodiments disclosed herein relate to a drilling assembly including a steering head, adjustable bend housing, bottom hole assembly, or stabilizer including such a mud motor assembly. .
- a mud motor assembly comprising a moving or progressive cavity motor, the motor including: a stator and a rotor; wherein the stator and the rotor comprise a contact surface formed from a rigid material
- Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a selection of known rotors
- Figure 2 shows a sectional view of a selection of known stators
- Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a known moving cavity motor or pump
- Figure 4 shows a diametral sectional view of a known moving cavity motor or pump
- Figure 5 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of a motor or pump having an apparatus for controlling or limiting the radial movement of a rotor relative to a stator;
- Figure 6 shows a longitudinal sectional view through a moving cavity motor or pump fitted with the apparatus of Figure 5;
- Figure 7 shows a sectional view of a second embodiment of a motor or pump having an apparatus for controlling or limiting the radial movement of a rotor relative to a stator;
- Figure 8 shows a sectional view of a third embodiment of a motor or pump having an apparatus for controlling or limiting the radial movement of a rotor relative to a stator;
- Figure 9 shows a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a motor or pump having an apparatus for controlling or limiting the radial movement of a rotor relative to a stator;
- Figure 10 shows a sectional view of a fifth embodiment of a motor or pump having an apparatus for controlling or limiting the radial movement of a rotor relative to a stator;
- Figure 11A-11C illustrate cross-sectional and longitudinal section views of a liner configured to maintain concentricity of apparatus for constraining the movement of a rotor relative to a stator according to embodiments disclosed herein;
- Figure 12A shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of a motor or pump having an apparatus for controlling the path and rotation of the rotor relative to the stator;
- Figure 12B shows a longitudinal sectional view through part of a moving cavity motor or pump fitted with the apparatus of Figure 12 A;
- Figures 13-15 illustrate various mud motor assemblies / drilling assemblies having one or more apparatus for controlling the path and rotation of the rotor relative to the stator.
- FIGS 16-18 illustrate rotors and stators, useful in mud motors, according to embodiments disclosed herein.
- Embodiments of the motors or pumps disclosed herein constrain the rotor to maintain a prescribed motion, in other words, they limit the path for the geometric centre of the rotor, and in some cases, lock the rotation to that path.
- Movement of a rotor relative to a stator is generally limited only by the inherent resilience of the materials used to form the rotor and stator (e.g., deflection / compression of the rubber lining of the stator, etc.).
- constraining the movement of the rotor relative to the stator refers to restricting or limiting the movement to a greater extent than would otherwise result or be permitted by the inherent resilience of the materials used to form the rotor and stator during use.
- FIGS 5 and 6 show a first embodiment of an apparatus (20) for controlling or limiting the radial movement of a rotor (22) relative to a stator (24).
- the apparatus comprises a wheel assembly (20) to be used at one or more locations on the rotor (22).
- a section through the wheel assembly (20) is shown in Figure 5.
- a bearing wheel (26) is supported onto the rotor shaft (22) through a needle bearing (28), although another suitable bearing could also be used, such as roller bearings or journal bearings.
- the bearings (28) are journal bearings comprising silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon nitride or other similarly wear resistant materials.
- the bearing wheel may be manufactured with steel or other materials suitable for the intended environment.
- the outside surface of the bearing wheel (26) is designed to slide or roll around the inside surface of the stator body (24) at a position where the profile is approximately circular. The difference in the radius of the bearing wheel (26) and the inside surface of the stator body (24) defines the maximum offset of the rotor axis from the stator axis.
- the bearing wheel (26) has passages (27) incorporated to increase the area for fluid to flow along the device, where the passages may be of any number or shape, with the proviso that they be large enough to pass any solids that may be in the power fluid or pumped fluid.
- the stator body (24) has a circular profile where the bearing wheel (26) makes contact, such that the rotor shaft (22) centreline will be constrained to remain approximately within a circle of fixed radius and this helps to prevent the opening of gaps between the rotor (22) and stator (24) surfaces.
- Figure 6 shows a longitudinal section through a motor or pump that has been fitted with a wheel assembly (20) according to Figure 5, at one end only, although additional wheel assemblies may be located at additional locations.
- the bearing wheel (26) may slide or roll in contact with the interior surface of the stator cylinder itself. In other embodiments, the bearing wheel (26) may slide or roll in contact with a coating placed on the interior surface of the stator cylinder.
- the interior surface of a cylinder such as a pipe or tube, is lined, such as by pouring or injecting a liner material onto the interior surface of the cylinder.
- concentricity of the resulting stator with the stator cylinder itself cannot be guaranteed.
- the resulting stator liner (90) may be offset from the centreline (92) of the stator cylinder (94), such as illustrated in Figure 11 A where the resulting liner has a centreline (96) offset from the centreline (92) of the stator cylinder (94).
- the outside surface of the bearing wheel (26) is designed to slide or roll around the inside surface of the stator body (24) where the profile is approximately circular.
- the bearing wheel (26) should thus also slide or roll around the inside surface of the coating material, such that the bearing wheel (26) slides or rolls along the same centreline as the stator liner (i.e., aligned with stator liner and rotor, not with the stator cylinder).
- Manufacture of a stator for use with the bearing wheel (26) may thus include coating, moulding or machining a section (98) of constant diameter (such as 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) to 12.8 mm (1/2 inch) thick rubber) at one or both ends of the stator, as illustrated in Figures 11B and 11C, so as to ensure that the bearing wheel (26) properly constrains the path of the rotor and provide the desired benefit.
- constant diameter such as 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) to 12.8 mm (1/2 inch) thick rubber
- the difference in the radius of the bearing wheel (26) and the inside surface of the stator body (24) defines the maximum offset of the rotor axis from the stator axis.
- the bearing wheel (26) must maintain a sliding and/or rolling relationship with the inner surface of the stator so as to constrain the rotor through the entire rotation, i.e., maintaining contact over 360°. Due to the eccentric rotation of the rotor, the relative diameter of the bearing wheel (26) to that of the interior surface of the stator (90) is an important variable, where an improper ratio may result in irregular contact of the bearing wheel with the inner surface of the stator, i.e., a non-rolling or non-sliding relationship.
- the length of the bearing wheel (26) must also be sufficient to maintain the side loads imparted due to the wobble of the rotor.
- Bearing wheel (26) should be of sufficient axial dimensions to address the structural considerations.
- the length of bearing wheel (26) may thus depend upon the number of lobes, motor/pump torque, and other variables readily recognizable to one skilled in the art, and may also be limited by the available space between the rotor and the drive shaft.
- the bearing wheel (26) limits the extent of the wobble imparted by the eccentric motion of the rotor. This, in turn, may limit the formation of flow gaps along the length of the motor / pump by limiting the compression or deflection in the stator lining, such as a rubber or other elastic material. In some embodiments, the bearing wheel may limit the deflection of the stator lining by less than 0.64 mm (0.025 inches); by less than 0.5 mm (0.02 inches) in other embodiments; and by less than 0.38 mm (0.015 inches) in yet other embodiments. Similar deflection limits may also be attained using other embodiments disclosed herein.
- the resulting reduced normal force at the point of contact between the rotor and stator may reduce the drag forces, improving compression at the contact points, minimizing leakage paths.
- pressure losses may be decreased, increasing the power output of the motor.
- constraining the position of the rotor may reduce stator wear, especially proximate the top of the lobes, where tangential velocities are the highest.
- FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of an apparatus (30) for controlling or limiting the movement of a rotor (32) relative to a stator (34), in which a fixed insert (36) is fitted inside the stator (34).
- the fixed insert (36) may be provided at one or more locations within the stator (34).
- the fixed insert (36) has a central hole (38) or similar restriction of the stator (34) inside diameter to limit the radial movement of the rotor (32) relative to the stator (34).
- the fixed insert (36) may also comprise a plurality of holes (37) to facilitate the passage of fluid along the motor or pump.
- the fixed insert (36) ensures that the rotor shaft (32) centreline will be constrained to remain approximately within a circle of fixed radius and this helps to prevent the opening of gaps between the rotor (32) and stator (34) surfaces.
- the fixed insert (36) as shown in Figure 7 may be disposed within a moulded stator profile such that the fixed insert (36) has the same centreline as the stator liner (32).
- the fixed insert (36) may be a raised section of the moulded stator profile.
- the ratio of the diameter of the fixed insert (36) to the diameter of the rotor (32) may be such that a true or pure rolling diameter is achieved. Bearings may also be used to allow for slip between fixed insert (36) and rotor (32) where a true rolling diameter ratio is not used. Similar issues with respect to flow paths, torque requirements, and axial length of the insert should also be addressed when constraining the rotor according to the embodiment of Figure 7. With respect to torque requirements, it may be desirable in some embodiments to have an enlarged rotor cross section proximate fixed insert (36), rather than necking down the rotor cross section so as to provide a sliding or rolling relationship.
- a third embodiment of an apparatus (40) for controlling or limiting the movement of a rotor (42) relative to a stator (44) is illustrated in Figure 8.
- a modified drive shaft (43) is provided at one end of the rotor (42) to restrict the radial motion of the rotor (42).
- the articulation angle at one end of the driveshaft (43) can be limited by, for example, a buffer ring (46) attached to the output shaft in the case of a motor (45) or the input shaft in the case of a pump (45), such that when contact is made, there is a limit imposed on the radial motion of the rotor.
- An equivalent embodiment could have the buffer ring (46) attached to the rotor (42) and this would similarly restrict the radial motion of the rotor (42).
- the driveshaft (43) ensures that the rotor shaft centreline will be constrained to remain approximately within a circle of fixed radius and this helps to prevent the opening of gaps between the rotor and stator surfaces.
- FIG. 9 A fourth embodiment of an apparatus (50) for controlling or limiting the movement of a rotor (52) relative to a stator (54) is shown in Figure 9.
- the apparatus (50) consists of a rotatable circular insert (56) which is fitted inside the stator body (54) and able to rotate about the longitudinal axis relative to the stator (54).
- the rotatable insert (56) may be provided at one or more locations within the stator (54). The rotation of the insert (56) relative to the stator (54) is facilitated by a bearing between the stator and the insert (not shown).
- An aperture (58) is provided in the insert (56), with the centre of the aperture (58) offset from the centre of the insert (56) by a distance equal to the maximum permissible offset of the rotor axis from the stator axis.
- the diameter of the aperture (58) is of sufficient size to allow the rotor (52) to pass through and rotate freely.
- a further bearing (not shown) is provided between the insert (56) and the rotor (52) to facilitate the rotation of the rotor (52) relative to the insert (56).
- the circular insert (56) is penetrated by holes (57) to allow the passage of fluid along the motor or pump.
- the insert (56) ensures that the rotor shaft (52) centreline will be constrained to remain approximately within a circle of fixed radius and this helps to prevent the opening of gaps between the rotor (52) and stator (54) surfaces.
- FIG. 10 A fifth embodiment of an apparatus (60) for controlling or limiting the movement of a rotor (62) relative to a stator (64) is illustrated in Figure 10.
- the piston assembly (65) may be provided at one or more locations within the stator (64).
- Figure 10 shows an example where eight such pistons (65) are used, although a different number of pistons could also be used.
- the cylinder housings (63) to contain the pistons (65) are machined into a circular insert (67) which is fitted inside the stator body (64) and is of sufficient thickness to prevent the loads imposed from causing structural failure.
- the circular insert (67) is provided with a plurality of holes (68) to allow fluid to pass along the motor or pump.
- the constrained material (66) is compressed and prevents free motion of the piston (65), thus limiting the motion of the rotor (62).
- the apparatus (60) ensures that the rotor shaft (62) centreline will be constrained to remain approximately within a circle of fixed radius and this helps to prevent the opening of gaps between the rotor (62) and stator (64) surfaces.
- the embodiments illustrated in and described with respect to Figures 5-11 provide for limiting or constraining the extent of the radial movement of the rotor (i.e., limiting the orbital trajectory and path of the rotor during rotation).
- the embodiments disclosed herein may effectively limit outward radial movement, such as the restraint illustrated in Figure 5, and may also limit the inward radial movement of the rotor, such as the restraint illustrated in Figure 9.
- a precession apparatus (70) comprising a lobed wheel (72) of similar, but not identical profile to that of rotor (74), is operably connected to rotor shaft (75).
- lobed wheel (72) would engage a track (76) of similar, but not identical, profile to that of stator (78).
- Track (76) may be formed of a material similar to that of stator (78), or may be a material that is less compressible than stator (78), such as a harder rubber, hard plastic, ceramic, PDC / diamond, or steel.
- a precession apparatus (70) may be used at one or more locations along rotor (74).
- the profile of track (76) may be similar to that of stator (78), and the respective sections (76, 78) may be out of phase to a degree, such that the orbital path of the rotor within stator (78) is constrained. In other words, the sections may be out of phase such that the forces of operation that distort the rotor from an ideal orbit are balanced and effectively constrain the orbital path of the rotor.
- Precession apparatus (70) controls the rotor (74) such that it will move on a prescribed path and with a prescribed rotation relative to stator (78). This type of restraint may effectively lock the rotation of the rotor to its orbit position.
- the lobed wheel (72) engages with lobed track (76) such that the relative profiles of the lobed wheel (72) and track (76) fix the path and rotation of the rotor (74) to prescribed values.
- the lobed wheel (72) is connected to the rotor shaft (75) in a substantially fixed way.
- the ratio of the number of lobes on the wheel (72) to the number of lobes on the track (76) is limited to the same ratio as the number of lobes on the rotor (74) to the number of lobes on the stator (78).
- the profiles of the lobes on the wheel (72) and on the track (76) will determine the extent to which the rotor (74) can deform the sealing surface of the stator (78) and therefore limits the opening of gaps between them.
- the surface of the lobed wheel (72) or the track (76) may have a flexible layer added of, for example, rubber.
- the lobed wheel (72) and track (76) could have parallel sides or incorporate a helix angle to allow for some small axial movement and accommodate manufacturing tolerances.
- the profile and composition (material of construction, compressibility, etc.) of lobed wheel (72) may be designed such that the deformation of the rubber in stator (78) is limited. In other embodiments, the profile and composition of lobed wheel (72) may be designed such that the deformation of the rubber in stator (78) is maintained to a fixed value. In this manner, the interaction between the rotor (74) and the rubber in stator (78) is used to maintain sealing, with the torque being generated largely on lobed wheel (72). This not only allows pressure loading up to the point where the seal would fail (a very high pressure) but it also ensures that the contact forces in the rubber can be kept substantially independent of pressure magnitude. This should reduce wear and fatigue failure in the rubber as well as improve motor / pump efficiency.
- Motors according to embodiments disclosed herein may be used, for example, as a mud motor in a drilling assembly.
- a drilling fluid is pumped into the inlet end (102) of a mud motor (100) at a higher pressure than that at the outlet end (104), generating forces on the rotor (105) and causing the rotor (105) to rotate.
- Rotor (105) is operably connected to a drive shaft (106) for converting the orbital rotation of the rotor (105) to a rotation about a fixed axis (108).
- the distal end of the drive shaft (not shown) is directly or indirectly coupled to a drill bit (not shown), rotation of which may be used to drill through an underground formation.
- Forces imposed on the rotor (105) during operation include those due to the pressure differential across the motor (100) from inlet (proximal) end (102) to outlet (distal) end (104).
- the pressure differential may result in a pitching moment.
- weight on bit There is also a downward force exerted on the drill string, commonly referred to as "weight on bit,” where this force is necessarily transmitted through the rotor - drive shaft - drill bit couplings.
- the orbital - axial relationship of the drive shaft coupling may result in angular and/or radial forces being applied to rotor (105). Rotation of rotor (105) also results in tangential forces.
- Each of these forces may have an impact on the manner in which rotor (105) interacts with stator (114) (e.g., compressive forces generating seals along the edges of the resulting cavities, sliding, drag, or frictional forces between rotor (105) and stator (114) as the rotor rotates, etc.), and may cause a gap to form along the length of the motor (100), reducing motor efficiency. Additionally, the impact of these forces may be different proximate inlet end (102) and outlet end (104).
- the various apparatus disclosed herein for constraining the rotor as discussed above may be used to control or limit the movement of rotor (105) proximate inlet end 102, outlet end 104, or both.
- FIG. 14-15 Other examples of various motors (100) using constrained rotors as disclosed herein, such as for use in drilling operations, are illustrated in Figures 14-15, where like numerals represent like parts.
- embodiments of motor (100) may includes a constraint (118) proximate outlet (distal) end (104) to constrain the movement of rotor (105).
- embodiments of motor (100) may include a constraint (120) proximate inlet (proximal) end (102) to constrain the movement of rotor (105).
- embodiments of motor (100) may include constraint (118), (120) proximate inlet end (102) and outlet end (104), respectively, to constrain the movement of rotor (105).
- the constraints (118), (120) may be the same or different.
- forces imparted on the rotor (105) may be different at the inlet end than they are at the outlet end, resulting in different radii of orbits for the rotor centre at the inlet and outlet ends.
- Figure 15 is illustrated with one constraint at each of the inlet end and the outlet end, either or both of the inlet and outlet ends may be constrained with multiple constraining devices.
- the inlet end and/or outlet end may include a radial constraint, such as illustrated in Figure 5, and a lobed constraint, such as illustrated in Figure 12, in series.
- the multiple constraints should be selected and/or designed so as to complement each other, achieving the desired improvement in sealing (elimination of flow gaps) while not negatively impacting rotor operation or wear.
- the constraints at the inlet and outlet ends may both act in the same direction or similar phases so as to not put opposing loads on the rotor and to avoid lock-up of the rotor due to conflicting forces. In this manner, the operation of the motor may be improved without fear of motor seizure.
- the apparatuses disclosed herein may be used to constrain the radial and/or tangential movement of a rotor relative to a stator, decreasing, minimizing, or eliminating the flow gaps along the length of the motor, thereby improving motor efficiency. Apparatuses disclosed herein may also reduce stator wear.
- Improvements in motor efficiency such as sealing improvements and higher power output per length, as noted above, may be used, in some embodiments, to shorten the overall length of the motor while attaining a desired power output.
- a shortened power section may have numerous benefits and applications, as discussed below.
- the limited overall axial length of the power section may allow for flow of solids, such a drilling mud including solid materials, through the motor without issue, even where both the rotor and stator have contact surfaces formed from rigid materials.
- the limited overall axial length may also provide flexibility in materials of construction that would otherwise be cost prohibitive.
- the rotor and/or the stator may be formed from a metal, composite, ceramic, PDC /diamond, hard plastic, or stiff rubber structural material.
- both the rotor and stator may be formed from a metal, providing metal-to -metal contact along the length of the power section.
- the rotor and/or stator may be formed with a resilient layer (such as NBR rubber) and a hard layer, such as a hard rubber or plastic, ceramic, composite, or metal coating disposed as the contact surface on top of the resilient inner layer.
- a resilient layer such as NBR rubber
- a hard layer such as a hard rubber or plastic, ceramic, composite, or metal coating disposed as the contact surface on top of the resilient inner layer.
- the rotor may be a metal, similar to currently produced rotors
- the stator may be a metal-coated rubber, where the metal layer is the layer contacting the rotor during operation of the motor.
- a hard rubber or reinforced rubber layer may be provided as the innermost layer contacting the rotor.
- Typical "layered" stators disclosed in the prior art provide for a hard or reinforced inner elastomeric layer, opposite that of the present embodiments, to provide for the desired compression and sealing properties of the outer layer.
- a rigid contact layer may be possible, improving wear properties of the motor (rotor, stator, or both) while providing the desired power output.
- multi-layered rotors may also be used, such as a rotor having a metal core to provide torque capacity, an elastomeric material disposed on the core, and a metal shell.
- stator may include a metal housing 1602, an elastomer layer 1604, and a rigid layer 1606 providing contact surface 1608, and the rotor ( Figure 17) may include a metal core 1702, an elastomer layer 1704, and a rigid layer or shell 1706 providing contact surface 1708.
- the corresponding contacting portions of the rotor and stator(s) are both rigid, such as a metal, hard plastic, composite, or ceramic, for example, it may be desirable to limit the friction, wear, and other undesirable interactions between the rotor and stator that may cause premature failure or seizure of the rotating component.
- the contact surfaces of the insert and/or the rotor may be coated or treated to reduce at least one of friction and wear. Treatments may include chroming, HVOF or HVAF coating, and diffusing during sintering, among others.
- Metal-to-metal (rigid-to-rigid) power sections may also provide sufficient clearance to be tolerant of debris, but tight enough to constrain the rotor motion close to ideal, achieving the above-noted benefits, without use of constraining devices.
- the relatively short contact length between the constraining devices and the rotor or stator may provide for flexibility in materials, and similar combinations of hard materials or hard-coated materials may be used for the constraining devices.
- a resilient elastomer may be used as the contact surface on both the rotor and stator.
- the reduction in the otherwise high frictional loads attained by the constraining devices may provide for use of elastomeric stators and rotors in combination to attain a desired pump performance (power output, wear properties, etc.).
- a stator may be formed using a hybrid or tailored material profile.
- the peaks and valleys of the stator 1805 may be formed from different materials, where the valleys 1807 are formed from a resilient elastomeric material 1810, and the peaks 1812 are formed from a rigid material 1815, such as a hard plastic, hard rubber, metal, ceramic, or composite material.
- the forces encountered during rotor nutation differ for the peaks and valleys, where the valleys encounter compressive forces and the peaks endure sliding forces.
- the hybrid construction may result in contact of the rotor, which may be a metal, with the rigid material of the stator peaks, which may also be a metal, but allows for flow of solids, such a drilling mud including solid materials, through the motor without issue.
- One potential benefit of a constrained motor may be a reduction in vibrations associated with the mud motor. Constrained lateral forces may result in less wobble or a narrower orbital path as compared to an un-constrained motor. As a result of reduced vibrations, drilling may be improved, such as by resulting in one or more of a better hole quality, an even-gage hole, and improved steering.
- a reduction in the axial length of the motor may also provide the ability to modify the drill string components to incorporate a motor.
- an adjustable bend housing typically includes a transmission shaft to transmit torque generated from the power section of the drilling motor to a bearing section of the drilling motor. Due to the potential reduction in size of the motor due to the constraining devices disclosed herein, it may be possible to incorporate a motor into the bent housing along with the transmission shaft.
- motors according to embodiments herein may advantageously be incorporated into a stabilizer, a steering head, or other various portions of the bottom hole assembly (BHA).
- the decreased axial length may also facilitate disposal of wire through the motor and provide space for additional downhole instrumentation, such as instrumentation to monitor the motor and/or components below the motor. Instrumentation may beneficially monitor motor RPM, pressure drop, and other factors, possibly avoiding stalls and allowing operation of the motor at high efficiency or peak efficiency, each of which may result in improved drilling performance (increased rate of penetration, less downtime due to stalled motors, etc.).
- a transmission shaft extending from the rotor to a lower drillstring component and including or operative with a constraining devices may also be used to improve rotor sealing and motor efficiency.
- a radial constraint may be disposed on or operative with a transmission shaft within an upper end of an adjustable bend housing that is connected to the motor assembly / motor sub. This may effectively move the constraining device to a stiffer housing and away from the stator tube, which may provide various benefits such as extended lifespan of the equipment, among other advantages.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/480,080 US9482223B2 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2012-05-24 | Apparatus and method for controlling or limiting rotor orbit in moving cavity motors and pumps |
PCT/US2013/042387 WO2013177378A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2013-05-23 | Apparatus and method for controlling or limiting rotor orbit in moving cavity motors and pumps |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2855823A1 true EP2855823A1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
EP2855823A4 EP2855823A4 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
Family
ID=49624337
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP13793462.6A Withdrawn EP2855823A4 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2013-05-23 | Apparatus and method for controlling or limiting rotor orbit in moving cavity motors and pumps |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2855823A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104379865A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2605475C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013177378A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9482223B2 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2016-11-01 | Smith International, Inc. | Apparatus and method for controlling or limiting rotor orbit in moving cavity motors and pumps |
GB201019614D0 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2010-12-29 | Eatec Ltd | Apparatus and method for controlling or limiting rotor orbit in moving cavity motors and pumps |
US8985977B2 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2015-03-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Asymmetric lobes for motors and pumps |
US11447002B2 (en) * | 2019-02-04 | 2022-09-20 | DRiV Automotive Inc. | Electric propulsion, suspension, and steering systems |
RU194907U1 (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-12-27 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (национальный исследовательский университет) имени И.М. Губкина" | PUMP |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4080115A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1978-03-21 | A-Z International Tool Company | Progressive cavity drive train |
US6183226B1 (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 2001-02-06 | Steven M. Wood | Progressive cavity motors using composite materials |
DE3706378C1 (en) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-08-18 | Eastman Christensen Co | Test pipe string for deep drilling |
CA2049502C (en) * | 1991-08-19 | 1994-03-29 | James L. Weber | Rotor placer for progressive cavity pump |
US5248896A (en) * | 1991-09-05 | 1993-09-28 | Drilex Systems, Inc. | Power generation from a multi-lobed drilling motor |
US5759019A (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1998-06-02 | Steven M. Wood | Progressive cavity pumps using composite materials |
FR2794498B1 (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2001-06-29 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMP WITH COMPOSITE STATOR AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
US20020074167A1 (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2002-06-20 | Andrei Plop | High speed positive displacement motor |
US7396220B2 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2008-07-08 | Dyna-Drill Technologies, Inc. | Progressing cavity stator including at least one cast longitudinal section |
CA2673720C (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2013-04-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Electroformed stator tube for a progressing cavity apparatus |
US20090152009A1 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2009-06-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., A Delaware Corporation | Nano particle reinforced polymer element for stator and rotor assembly |
GB0807008D0 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2008-05-21 | Advanced Interactive Materials | Helicoidal motors for use in down-hole drilling |
US9347266B2 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2016-05-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Stator inserts, methods of fabricating the same, and downhole motors incorporating the same |
CN202210711U (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2012-05-02 | 西南石油大学 | Rubber interlayer metal stator screw |
-
2013
- 2013-05-23 WO PCT/US2013/042387 patent/WO2013177378A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-05-23 EP EP13793462.6A patent/EP2855823A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-05-23 RU RU2014152272/03A patent/RU2605475C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-05-23 CN CN201380033334.2A patent/CN104379865A/en active Pending
Also Published As
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WO2013177378A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
RU2605475C2 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
EP2855823A4 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
CN104379865A (en) | 2015-02-25 |
RU2014152272A (en) | 2016-07-10 |
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