EP2855763B1 - Method for producing a two-layer multi-strand metal cable - Google Patents
Method for producing a two-layer multi-strand metal cable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2855763B1 EP2855763B1 EP13724817.5A EP13724817A EP2855763B1 EP 2855763 B1 EP2855763 B1 EP 2855763B1 EP 13724817 A EP13724817 A EP 13724817A EP 2855763 B1 EP2855763 B1 EP 2855763B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strands
- cable
- wound
- layer
- wires
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
- D07B1/0613—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the rope configuration
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
- D07B5/12—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form of low twist or low tension by processes comprising setting or straightening treatments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
- D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
- D07B7/022—Measuring or adjusting the lay or torque in the rope
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- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
- D07B1/0646—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles comprising longitudinally preformed wires
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- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
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- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
- D07B2201/1064—Rope or cable structures twisted characterised by lay direction of the strand compared to the lay direction of the wires in the strand
- D07B2201/1068—Rope or cable structures twisted characterised by lay direction of the strand compared to the lay direction of the wires in the strand having the same lay direction
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- D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
- D07B2201/1076—Open winding
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- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
- D07B2201/1076—Open winding
- D07B2201/1084—Different twist pitch
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- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2023—Strands with core
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- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
- D07B2201/2025—Strands twisted characterised by a value or range of the pitch parameter given
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- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
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- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
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- D07B2201/2031—Different twist pitch
- D07B2201/2032—Different twist pitch compared with the core
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- D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
- D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
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- D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
- D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
- D07B2201/206—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires arranged parallel to the axis
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- D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
- D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
- D07B2201/2061—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires resulting in a twisted structure
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- D07B2205/3085—Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
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- D07B2205/3085—Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
- D07B2205/3089—Brass, i.e. copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) alloys
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- D07B2207/00—Rope or cable making machines
- D07B2207/40—Machine components
- D07B2207/4072—Means for mechanically reducing serpentining or mechanically killing of rope
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- D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/2005—Elongation or elasticity
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- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/2005—Elongation or elasticity
- D07B2401/201—Elongation or elasticity regarding structural elongation
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- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/2015—Killing or avoiding twist
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- D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/208—Enabling filler penetration
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- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/2085—Adjusting or controlling final twist
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- D07B2501/00—Application field
- D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
- D07B2501/2046—Tire cords
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S174/00—Electricity: conductors and insulators
- Y10S174/12—Helical preforms
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for manufacturing multi-strand cables that can be used in particular for reinforcing tires, particularly tires for heavy industrial vehicles.
- a radial carcass reinforcement tire comprises a tread, two inextensible beads, two sidewalls connecting the beads to the tread and a belt, or crown reinforcement, disposed circumferentially between the carcass reinforcement and the tread.
- This belt comprises several rubber plies, possibly reinforced by reinforcing elements or reinforcements such as cables or monofilaments, metal or textile type.
- the tire belt generally consists of at least two superimposed belt plies, sometimes called “working” plies or “crossed” plies, whose reinforcing cords, generally of metal, are arranged substantially parallel to each other at the same time. interior of a web, but crossed from one web to another, that is to say inclined, symmetrically or otherwise, with respect to the median circumferential plane, of an angle which is generally between 10 ° and 45 ° depending on the type of tire considered.
- the crossed plies may be supplemented by various other plies or layers of auxiliary rubber, of varying widths depending on the case, with or without reinforcements.
- This cable has a structure of the type 4 x (1 + 5) and comprises four strands each comprising an inner layer consisting of a wire and an outer layer consisting of five son wound helically around the wire of the inner layer.
- This prior art cable has acceptable corrosion resistance and elasticity but a relatively limited breaking force which, although satisfactory for some uses, is not sufficient for particular uses, particularly in the case of cable for heavy industrial vehicle tires.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a multi-strand cable resistant to corrosion and having a high breaking force.
- the succession of overtopping, balancing and undoing steps applied to the multi-strand cable (K + L) x (2 + N) makes it possible to obtain an aerated cable, that is to say characterized on the one hand by spacing the wires from the axial direction (direction perpendicular to the direction of the axis of the strand) and secondly by spacing the strands from the axial direction (direction perpendicular to the direction of the strand). cable axis).
- the son constituting the strands and strands constituting the cable are plastically deformed during the overtopping step and therefore have, at the end of the stripping step, an excess of curvature with respect to the initial curvature of the cable prior to the overtopping step.
- This excess of curvature relatively large, axially spreads the son constituting the strands and strands constituting the cable when the cable is at rest, especially when it is not subjected to a tensile force.
- This curvature is defined, on the one hand, by the helical diameter of each layer of strands or strands and, on the other hand, by the pitch propeller or the helix angle of each layer of wires or strands (angle measured from the axis of the cable).
- the cable thus manufactured is of the "HE" type, that is to say with high elasticity, and highly penetrable.
- the spacing of the son and strands relative to the axis of the strand and the cable respectively allows to promote the passage of the eraser between the son of each strand and between the different strands. The corrosion resistance is thus improved.
- an unsaturated layer of strands is such that there is enough space in this layer to add at least one (L + 1) th strand of the same diameter as the L strands of the layer, several strands can then be at contact each other. Conversely, this layer is said to be saturated if there is not enough space in this layer to add at least one (L + 1) th strand of the same diameter as the L strands of the layer.
- the cable has a high resistance to corrosion.
- the unsaturation of the outer layer of the cable makes it possible to create at least one opening for the gum to pass between two outer strands in order to effectively penetrate the rubber during the vulcanization of the tire.
- the 2 + N structure of each strand amplifies the passage of the eraser.
- each strand has an oblong contour envelope which promotes the absence of contact between the adjacent strands and therefore the passage of the eraser.
- the cable has remarkable properties of resistance.
- the resistance of a cable can be measured by the value of its breaking force and characterizes its capacity for structural resistance to a force.
- the multi-strand structure (K + L) x (2 + N) of the cable makes it possible to give the cable excellent mechanical strength, in particular a high breaking force.
- the structure of the cable makes it possible to manufacture crown plies, for example working or crossed, of protection, having a relatively high linear density. Thus, the resistance of the tire is greatly improved.
- the protective layers are made more enduring and more resistant to corrosion because of its high penetrability which allows the rubber to protect the cable against corrosive agents and because its high elasticity which allows the cable to deform easily regardless of the coating.
- the cable in the case where the cable is used in a working or crossed web, thanks to its high mechanical strength, in particular its resistance to compression fatigue, the cable makes it possible to give the tire a high endurance, with respect in particular the phenomenon of separation / cracking of the ends of the crossed plies in the shoulder area of the tire, known as "cleavage".
- Wire rope means by definition a cable formed of wires constituted mostly (ie for more than 50% of these wires) or completely (for 100% of the wires) of a metallic material.
- the invention is preferably implemented with a steel cable, more preferably carbonaceous pearlitic (or ferrito-pearlitic) steel, hereinafter referred to as "carbon steel", or else stainless steel (by definition, steel comprising at least one minus 11% chromium and at least 50% iron). But it is of course possible to use other steels or other alloys.
- carbon steel When carbon steel is used, its carbon content (% by weight of steel) is preferably between 0.4% and 1.2%, especially between 0.5% and 1.1%; these levels represent a good compromise between the mechanical properties required for the tire and the feasibility of the wires. It should be noted that a carbon content of between 0.5% and 0.6% makes such steels ultimately less expensive because easier to draw.
- Another advantageous embodiment of the invention may also consist, depending on the applications concerned, of using steels with a low carbon content, for example between 0.2% and 0.5%, in particular because of a cost lower and easier to draw.
- the metal or steel used may itself be coated with a metal layer improving for example the properties of implementation of the wire rope and / or its constituent elements, or the properties of use of the cable and / or the tire themselves, such as adhesion properties, corrosion resistance or resistance to aging.
- the steel used is covered with a layer of brass (Zn-Cu alloy) or zinc.
- the coating of brass or zinc facilitates the drawing of the wire, as well as the bonding of the wire with the rubber.
- the son could be covered with a thin metal layer other than brass or zinc, for example having the function of improving the resistance to corrosion of these son and / or their adhesion to rubber, for example a thin layer of Co, Ni, Al, an alloy of two or more compounds Cu, Zn, Al, Ni, Co, Sn.
- the K inner strands are wound helically.
- the outer layer of each strand is unsaturated.
- an unsaturated layer of wires is such that there is enough space in this layer to add at least one (N + 1) th wire of the same diameter as the N wires of the layer, several wires then being able to contact each other. Conversely, this layer is said to be saturated if there was not enough room in this layer to add at least one (N + 1) th thread of the same diameter as the N son of the layer.
- the protection of the cable against corrosion is improved for reasons similar to those relating to the unsaturation of the outer layer of the cable.
- it allows the penetration of the rubber to the central channel defined by the strands of the inner layer of the cable.
- the eraser penetrates in the middle of each strand and between the strands.
- the breaking strength of the cable is greater than or equal to 4000 N, preferably 5000 N and more preferably 6000 N.
- the total elongation at break of the cable is greater than or equal to 4.5%, preferably greater than or equal to 5%. preferentially at 5.5%.
- the elastic elongation Ae results from the elasticity of the metal of the metal wires, taken individually (Hooke's law).
- the plastic elongation Ap results from the plasticity (irreversible deformation beyond the elastic limit) of the metal of these metal wires taken individually.
- the cable has a structural elongation of greater than or equal to 1%, preferably 1.5% and more preferably 2%.
- the preferred cables are the structural cables (3 + 8) x (2 + 2), (3 + 8) x (2 + 3), (3 + 8) x (2 + 4), (4 + 8) x (2 + 2), (4 + 8) x (2 + 3), (4 + 8) x (2 + 4), (4 + 9) x (2 + 2), (4 + 9) x (2 +3) and (4 + 9) x (2 + 4).
- the pitch represents the length, measured parallel to the axis of the cable, at the end of which a wire having this pitch performs a complete revolution about said axis of the cable.
- the outer wires preferably have a shorter pitch than the internal wires.
- the elasticity of each of the K strands is improved.
- the inner and outer layers of each of the K inner strands are wound in the same direction of torsion.
- the winding in the same direction of the inner and outer layers allows to minimize the friction between the two layers and therefore the wear of the son constituting them.
- the ratio of the pitch on the diameter of the outer wires of each of the L outer strands is between 23 and 33 included terminals.
- the outer wires preferably have a shorter pitch than the internal wires.
- the elasticity of each of the L strands is improved.
- the inner and outer layers of each of the L outer strands are wound in the same direction of torsion.
- the elasticity and the wear resistance of the cable are thus improved.
- the outer strands preferably have a greater pitch than that of the inner strands.
- the inner and outer layers of the cable are wound in the same direction of torsion. This winding makes it possible to minimize the friction between the two layers and therefore the wear of the strands which constitute them.
- all the son and the strands are wound in the same direction of torsion. This helps promote the elasticity of the cable.
- the diameters of all the external and internal wires of each strand, whether these strands have an identical diameter or not are between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
- the internal and external wires may have an identical diameter or different from one layer to another. Wire of the same diameter is preferably used from one layer to another.
- the internal wires of each strand are preferably made of steel, more preferably of carbon steel.
- the outer son of each strand are preferably made of steel, more preferably carbon steel.
- the cable is particularly intended to be used as a reinforcement element for a tire crown reinforcement intended for industrial vehicles chosen from heavy vehicles such as "heavy goods vehicles” - ie, subway, bus, road transport units (trucks tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles -, agricultural or engineering machinery, other transport or handling vehicles.
- heavy vehicles such as "heavy goods vehicles” - ie, subway, bus, road transport units (trucks tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles -, agricultural or engineering machinery, other transport or handling vehicles.
- the tire comprises a carcass reinforcement anchored in two beads and radially surmounted by a crown reinforcement itself surmounted by a tread which is joined to said beads by two flanks, said crown reinforcement comprises cables such that defined above.
- the cable is intended to be used as reinforcing element of a protective layer.
- the cable is intended to be used as reinforcing element for a working ply.
- the cable could also be used in other embodiments to reinforce other tire parts for other types of vehicles.
- such a hooping sheet may be arranged radially between the carcass ply (s) and the working ply (s), between the working plies, between the working ply (s) and the protective ply (s). .
- the cable 10 is of the multi-strand type with two cylindrical layers. Thus, it is understood that the strand layers constituting the cable 10 are two in number. The layers of strands are adjacent and concentric. The cable 10 is devoid of rubber when it is not integrated with the tire.
- the layer C1 has a substantially tubular envelope giving the layer C1 its cylindrical contour E1.
- the inner strands TI are helically wound in a pitch p between 3.6 and 16 mm included terminals, preferably between 4 and 12.8 mm included terminals.
- pl 7.5 mm
- the layer C2 has a substantially tubular envelope giving the C2 layer its cylindrical contour E2.
- the outer strands TE are contiguous, which corresponds to a position of mechanical equilibrium, and at least two external strands TE are separated by an opening 14 for the passage of the eraser.
- the inner layer C2 is unsaturated, that is to say that there is sufficient space in the layer C2 to add at least one (L + 1) th strand of the same diameter as the L strands of the layer C2, several strands can then be in contact with each other.
- the outer strands TE are arranged so that the layer C2 allows the passage of the rubber radially between the outside and the inside of the layer C2 through the opening 14.
- the strands TI and TE are advantageously wound in the same direction of torsion, that is to say either in the S direction ("S / S" disposition), or in the Z direction (“Z / Z” disposition). here according to the S / S provision.
- a strand TI, TE Such a strand is called elementary strand.
- Each strand TI, TE has an elongated envelope giving each strand TI, TE its contour E3 oblong.
- the external son F2 are generally contiguous when the cable is at rest, which corresponds to a position of mechanical equilibrium, and at least two external wires F2 are separated by an opening 18 for the passage of the rubber.
- the layer 16 is unsaturated, that is to say that there is sufficient space in the layer 16 to add at least one (N + 1) th external wire F2 of the same diameter as the N external wires F2 of the layer 16.
- the outer son F2 of the layer 16 are arranged so that the layer 16 allows the passage of the rubber radially between the outside and the inside of the layer 16 through the opening 18.
- Each F1, F2 wire is preferably made of brass coated carbon steel.
- the carbon steel wires are prepared in a known manner, for example starting from machine wires (diameter 5 to 6 mm) which are first cold-rolled, by rolling and / or drawing, to a neighboring intermediate diameter. of 1 mm.
- the steel used for the cable 10 is a carbon steel of the NT type ("Normal Tensile") whose carbon content is 0.7%, the rest being made up of iron and the usual unavoidable impurities related to the manufacturing process. steel.
- NT type Normal Tensile
- SHT Very High Tensile
- the intermediate diameter son undergo a degreasing treatment and / or pickling, before further processing.
- a brass coating on these intermediate son is carried on each wire a so-called "final" work hardening (ie, after the last patenting heat treatment), by cold drawing in a moist medium with a drawing lubricant which is for example in the form of an emulsion or an aqueous dispersion.
- the brass coating that surrounds the son has a very small thickness, significantly less than one micrometer, for example of the order of 0.15 to 0.30 microns, which is negligible compared to the diameter of the steel son.
- the composition of the wire steel in its various elements is the same as that of the steel of the starting wire.
- the internal wires F1 of each of the K internal strands TI are helically wound in a pitch p1, i between 3.6 and 16 mm included terminals, preferably between 4 and 12.8 mm included terminals.
- the diameter D1, i of the internal wires F1 of each of the K internal strands TI is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm inclusive, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
- all internal wires F1 of K internal strands TI have the same diameter.
- the internal wires F1 of each inner strand T1 are wound so that the ratio R1, i of the pitch p1, i internal wires F1 on their diameter D1, i is between 20 and 40 included terminals.
- R1, i 7.5 mm
- D1, i 0.26 mm
- R1, i 28.8.
- the external wires F2 of each of the K internal strands TI are helically wound in a pitch p2, between 3.1 and 8.4 mm inclusive, preferably between 3.4 and 6.7 mm inclusive.
- the diameter D2, i of the external wires F2 of each of the K internal strands TI is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
- all the external wires F2 of the K inner strands TI have the same diameter.
- the external wires F2 of each inner strand TI are wound helically around the inner layer 12 so that the ratio R2, i of the pitch p2, i of the outer wires F2 of each inner strand TI on their diameter D2, i is between 17 and 21 terminals included.
- p2, i 5 mm
- D2, i 0.26 mm
- R2, i 19.2.
- the internal wires F1 of each of the L outer strands TE are wound in a pitch p1, e between 7.2 and 32 mm included terminals, preferably between 8 and 25.6 mm included terminals.
- the diameter D1, e of the internal wires F1 of each of the L outer strands TE is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm inclusive, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
- all the inner wires F1 of the L outer strands TE have the same diameter.
- the internal wires F1 of each outer strand TE are wound so that the ratio R1, e of the pitch p1, e of the internal wires F1 on their diameter D1, e is between 40 and 80 included terminals.
- p1, e 15 mm
- D1, e 0.26 mm
- R1, e 57.7.
- the outer wires F2 of each of the L outer strands TE are wound in a pitch p2, e between 4.1 and 13.2 mm inclusive, preferably between 4.6 mm and 10.6 mm included terminals.
- the diameter D2, e of the external wires F2 of each of the L external strands TE is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
- all the external wires F2 of the L outer strands TI have the same diameter.
- the external wires F2 of each outer strand TE are helically wound around the inner layer 12 so that the ratio R2, e of the pitch p2, e of the external wires F2 of each outer strand TE on their diameter D2, e is between 23 and 33 terminals included.
- R2, e 7.5 mm
- D2, e 0.26 mm
- R2, e 28.8.
- all the F1 and F2 son have the same diameter.
- the wires F1, F2 of each strand TI, TE are advantageously wound in the same direction of torsion, that is to say either in the direction S ("S / S" arrangement) or in the Z direction (“disposition” Z / Z "), here according to the S / S arrangement.
- This cable 100 has a structure of the type 4 x (1 + 5) and comprises four strands T each comprising an inner layer 102 consisting of a wire 104 and an outer layer 106 consisting of five son 108 wound helically around the wire 104 of the inner layer 102.
- the strands T delimit a central channel 110
- each elementary strand TI and TE is formed as follows.
- the N internal threads F2 constituting the outer layer 16 are helically wound in an intermediate pitch equal to 15 mm in the direction S around the two internal wires F1 constituting the inner layer 12.
- the inner son F1 are parallel and then have an infinite intermediate pitch.
- the cable 10 is assembled as follows.
- K internal strands TI formed previously are wound in a helix at the stage of forming the strands TI and constituting the inner layer C1 in a step, referred to as initial pitch, equal to 7.5 mm in the meaning S.
- a helix external layer C2 consisting of L external strands TE formed previously in step forming TE strands in a pitch, said initial, equal to 15 mm in the direction S around the inner layer C1 of K previously wound helical strands.
- the strands TI, TE and the wires F1, F2 of the layers C1, C2 then have the initial steps, mentioned in Table 1. As a variant, they have other initial steps.
- Table 1 ⁇ / b> Layer Strand Son Not C1 TI 7.5 mm F1 7.5 mm F2 5 mm C2 YOU 15 mm F1 15 mm F2 7.5 mm
- an overtriming step of the cable 10 is carried out.
- the cable 10 be twisted further in the direction S, the wires F1, F2 and the strands TE, TI previously wound. .
- the respective initial steps of the threads F1, F2 and the strands TI, TE are reduced so as to obtain intermediary steps lower than the corresponding initial steps.
- a step of balancing the overwired cable 10 is performed so as to obtain a zero residual torque in the cable 10.
- the cable is passed to through rotating type balancing means.
- balancing is meant here, in a manner known to those skilled in the art, the cancellation of the residual torsional torques (or of the springback of untwisting) exerted, on the one hand, on each wire of the cable to the Twisted state and secondly, on each strand of the cable in the twisted state.
- the balancing means are known to those skilled in the art of twisting. They may consist for example of twisters comprising for example one, two or four pulleys, pulleys through which the cable runs, in a single plane.
- a step of untwisting the twisted and balanced cable is carried out.
- the cable 10 is twisted in the direction Z, the wires F1, F2 and the strands TE, TI of the previously balanced cable 10.
- the intermediate steps of the wires F1, F2 and strands TE, TI are increased to obtain the initial steps.
- the threads F1, F2 and strands TI, TE are again those of Table 1.
- the cable 10 is wound on a storage reel.
- the previously described cable 10 is obtainable by the method described above.
- the tire 20 has a crown 22 reinforced by a crown reinforcement 24, two sidewalls 26 and two beads 28, each of these beads 28 being reinforced with a rod 30.
- the crown 22 is surmounted by a tread not shown on this schematic figure.
- a carcass reinforcement 32 is wrapped around the two rods 30 in each bead 28 and comprises an upturn 34 disposed towards the outside of the tire 20 which is represented here mounted on a rim 36.
- the carcass reinforcement 32 is, in a known manner, it consists of at least one sheet reinforced by so-called "radial” cables, that is to say that these cables are arranged substantially parallel to each other and extend from one bead to the other so as to forming an angle of between 80 ° and 90 ° with the median circumferential plane (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire which is situated halfway between the two beads 28 and passes through the middle of the crown reinforcement 24) .
- the crown reinforcement 24 comprises at least one crown ply whose reinforcing ropes are metal ropes 10 as described above.
- the cables may, for example, reinforce all or part of the working crown plies, or triangulation crown plies (or half-plies) and / or crown protection plies, when such triangulation or protection top plies are used. are used.
- the crown reinforcement 24 of the tire 20 may of course comprise other crown plies, for example one or more hooping crown plies.
- the tire 20 also comprises, in a known manner, an inner rubber or elastomer layer (commonly called “inner liner”) which defines the radially inner face of the tire and which is intended to protect the carcass ply from the diffusion of the tire. air from the interior space to the tire.
- inner liner an inner rubber or elastomer layer
- it may further comprise an intermediate reinforcing elastomer layer which is located between the carcass ply and the inner layer, intended to reinforce the inner layer and, by Therefore, the carcass ply, also intended to partially relocate the forces experienced by the carcass reinforcement.
- the density of the cables 10 is preferably between 15 and 80 cables per dm (decimetre) of belt ply included terminals, more preferably between 35 and 65 cables per dm of ply included terminals, the distance between two adjacent cables, axis to axis, preferably being between about 1.2 and 6.5 mm inclusive, more preferably between about 1.5 and 3.0 mm inclusive.
- the cables 10 are preferably arranged in such a way that the width (denoted L) of the rubber bridge, between two adjacent cables, is between 0.5 and 2.0 mm inclusive.
- This width L represents, in known manner, the difference between the calendering pitch (no laying of the cable in the rubber fabric) and the diameter of the cable.
- the rubber bridge which is too narrow, risks being degraded mechanically during the working of the sheet, in particular during the deformations undergone in its own plane by extension or shearing. Beyond the maximum indicated, there is a risk of occurrence of penetration of objects, by perforation, between the cables. More preferably, for these same reasons, the width L is chosen between 0.8 and 1.6 mm inclusive.
- the rubber composition used for the fabric of the belt ply has, in the vulcanized state (ie, after firing), an E10 extension secant modulus which is between 5 and 25 MPa inclusive, more preferably between 5 and 20 MPa limits included, especially in a domain from 7 to 15 MPa limits included, when this fabric is intended to form a lap of the belt, for example a protective layer. It is in such areas of modules that we have recorded the best compromise of endurance between the cables 10 on the one hand, the reinforced fabrics of these cables on the other hand.
- the cable 10 is incorporated by calendering with composite fabrics formed of a known composition based on natural rubber and carbon black as reinforcing filler, conventionally used for the manufacture of radial tire crown reinforcement.
- This composition essentially comprises, in addition to the elastomer and the reinforcing filler (carbon black), an antioxidant, stearic acid, an extension oil, cobalt naphthenate as adhesion promoter, finally a vulcanization system (sulfur, accelerator, ZnO).
- the composite fabrics reinforced by these cables comprise a rubber matrix formed of two thin layers of rubber which are superimposed on both sides of the cables and which have a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm inclusive respectively.
- the calender pitch (no laying of the cables in the rubber fabric) is between 1.3 mm and 2.8 mm inclusive.
- Cable 10 was compared with cable 100 of the state of the art 4 x (1 + 5) structure.
- each wire 104, 108 of the cable 100 is equal to 0.26 mm.
- the pitch P of the strands 106 is equal to 8 mm and the pitch p of the wires 108 around the wire 104 is equal to 5 mm.
- the breaking force measurement denoted Fm maximum load in N
- Fm maximum load in N
- the measurements of total elongation at break (At) and of elongation or structural elongation (As) (% elongations) are well known to those skilled in the art and described, for example, in the document US 2009/294009 (see the figure 1 and the description concerning it).
- the cable 10 has a total elongation at break of greater than or equal to 4.5%, preferably 5% and more preferably 5.5%.
- the cable 10 has a structural elongation As greater than or equal to 1%, preferably 1.5%. In a variant not shown, the structural elongation As is greater than or equal to 2%.
- the breaking strength of the cable 10 is greater than or equal to 4000 N, preferably 5000 N and even 6000 N.
- the cable 10 has a breaking force 2.3 times greater than the cable 100 while maintaining its structural elongation properties and therefore its elasticity.
- This elasticity is, as described above, representative of the aeration of the cable which also promotes the high penetrability of the cable by the rubber.
- This test makes it possible to determine the longitudinal permeability to the air of the cables tested, by measuring the volume of air passing through a specimen under constant pressure for a given time.
- the principle of such a test is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the treatment of a cable to make it impermeable to air; it has been described for example in ASTM D2692-98.
- the test is here performed either on cables extracted from tires or rubber sheets that they reinforce, so already coated from the outside by the rubber in the fired state, or on raw cables manufacturing.
- the raw cables must be previously coated from the outside by a so-called coating gum.
- a series of 10 cables arranged in parallel is placed between two layers or “skims" (two rectangles of 80 x 200 mm) of a diene rubber composition in the green state, each skim having a thickness of 3.5 mm; the whole is then locked in a mold, each of the cables being kept under a sufficient tension (for example 2 daN) to ensure its straightness during the establishment in the mold, using clamping modules; then we proceed to the vulcanization (cooking) during 40 min at a temperature of 140 ° C and a pressure of 15 bar (rectangular piston 80 x 200 mm). After which, the assembly is demolded and cut 10 pieces of cables thus coated, in the form of parallelepipeds of dimensions 7x7x20 mm, for characterization.
- sulfur (7 phr), accelerator is used as a coating rubber.
- the test is carried out on 2 cm of cable length, thus coated by its surrounding rubber composition (or coating gum) in the fired state, as follows: air is sent to the cable inlet at a pressure of 1 bar, and the volume of air at the outlet is measured using a flow meter (calibrated for example from 0 to 500 cm3 / min).
- a flow meter calibrated for example from 0 to 500 cm3 / min.
- the cable sample is locked in a compressed seal (eg a dense foam or rubber seal) in such a way that only the amount of air passing through the cable from one end to the other, along its longitudinal axis, is taken into account by the measure; the tightness of the seal itself is checked beforehand with the aid of a solid rubber specimen, that is to say without cable.
- a compressed seal eg a dense foam or rubber seal
- the average air flow measured (average of the 10 specimens) is even lower than the longitudinal imperviousness of the cable is high.
- measured values less than or equal to 0.2 cm3 / min are considered as zero; they correspond to a cable which can be described as airtight (totally airtight) along its axis (i.e., in its longitudinal direction).
- the cable 10 was subjected to the air permeability test described above, by measuring the volume of air (in cm 3 ) passing through the cables in 1 minute (average of 10 measurements).
- the measured average air flow of the cable 10 is zero, which means that for each test piece, the measured air flow rate is less than or equal to 0.2 cm3 / min.
- the cable 10 therefore has a very low air permeability, since it is almost zero (average air flow rate is zero) and consequently a higher penetration rate by the rubber.
- the cable 10 thus makes it possible to significantly improve the corrosion resistance.
- certain wires could be of non-circular section, for example plastically deformed, in particular with a substantially oval or polygonal cross-section, for example triangular, square or rectangular.
- the son of circular section or not, for example a corrugated wire, may be twisted, twisted helical or zig-zag.
- the diameter of the wire represents the diameter of the cylinder of imaginary revolution which surrounds the wire (space diameter), and no longer the diameter (or any other transverse size, if its section is not circular) of the core wire itself.
- linear son that is to say right, and conventional circular cross section.
Landscapes
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de câbles multi-torons utilisables notamment pour le renforcement de pneumatiques, particulièrement de pneumatiques pour véhicules industriels lourds.The invention relates to a method for manufacturing multi-strand cables that can be used in particular for reinforcing tires, particularly tires for heavy industrial vehicles.
Un pneumatique à armature de carcasse radiale comprend une bande de roulement, deux bourrelets inextensibles, deux flancs reliant les bourrelets à la bande de roulement et une ceinture, ou armature de sommet, disposée circonférentiellement entre l'armature de carcasse et la bande de roulement. Cette ceinture comprend plusieurs nappes de caoutchouc, éventuellement renforcées par des éléments de renforcement ou renforts tels que des câbles ou des monofilaments, de type métallique ou textile.A radial carcass reinforcement tire comprises a tread, two inextensible beads, two sidewalls connecting the beads to the tread and a belt, or crown reinforcement, disposed circumferentially between the carcass reinforcement and the tread. This belt comprises several rubber plies, possibly reinforced by reinforcing elements or reinforcements such as cables or monofilaments, metal or textile type.
La ceinture de pneumatique est généralement constituée d'au moins deux nappes de ceinture superposées, dites parfois nappes "de travail" ou nappes "croisées", dont les câbles de renforcement, en général métalliques, sont disposés pratiquement parallèles les uns aux autres à l'intérieur d'une nappe, mais croisés d'une nappe à l'autre, c'est-à-dire inclinés, symétriquement ou non, par rapport au plan circonférentiel médian, d'un angle qui est généralement compris entre 10° et 45° selon le type de pneu considéré. Les nappes croisées peuvent être complétées par diverses autres nappes ou couches de caoutchouc auxiliaires, de largeurs variables selon les cas, comportant ou non des renforts. On citera à titre d'exemple de simples coussins de gomme, des nappes dites "de protection" chargées de protéger le reste de la ceinture des agressions externes, des perforations, ou encore des nappes dites "de frettage" comportant des renforts orientés sensiblement selon la direction circonférentielle (nappes dites "à zéro degré"), qu'elles soient radialement externes ou internes par rapport aux nappes croisées.The tire belt generally consists of at least two superimposed belt plies, sometimes called "working" plies or "crossed" plies, whose reinforcing cords, generally of metal, are arranged substantially parallel to each other at the same time. interior of a web, but crossed from one web to another, that is to say inclined, symmetrically or otherwise, with respect to the median circumferential plane, of an angle which is generally between 10 ° and 45 ° depending on the type of tire considered. The crossed plies may be supplemented by various other plies or layers of auxiliary rubber, of varying widths depending on the case, with or without reinforcements. Mention may be made, as an example of simple rubber cushions, of so-called "protective" layers designed to protect the rest of the belt from external aggressions, perforations, or so-called "hooping" plies comprising reinforcements oriented substantially along the circumferential direction (so-called "zero degree" plies), whether radially external or internal with respect to the crossed plies.
Un pneumatique de véhicule industriel lourd, notamment de génie civil, est soumis à de nombreuses agressions. En effet, le roulage de ce type de pneumatique se fait habituellement sur un revêtement accidenté conduisant parfois à des perforations de la bande de roulement. Ces perforations permettent l'entrée d'agents corrosifs, par exemple l'air et l'eau, qui oxydent les renforts métalliques de l'armature de sommet et réduisent considérablement la durée de vie du pneumatique.A heavy industrial vehicle tire, especially for civil engineering, is subjected to numerous attacks. Indeed, the rolling of this type of tire is usually done on a rough surface sometimes leading to perforations of the tread. These perforations allow the entry of corrosive agents, for example air and water, which oxidize the metal reinforcements of the crown reinforcement and considerably reduce the life of the tire.
On connait de l'état de la technique un câble pour des nappes de protection pour pneumatique de véhicule industriel lourd. Ce câble présente une structure du type 4 x (1+5) et comprend quatre torons comprenant chacun une couche interne constituée d'un fil et une couche externe constituée de cinq fils enroulés en hélice autour du fil de la couche interne.It is known from the state of the art a cable for protection plies for heavy industrial vehicle tire. This cable has a structure of the type 4 x (1 + 5) and comprises four strands each comprising an inner layer consisting of a wire and an outer layer consisting of five son wound helically around the wire of the inner layer.
Ce câble de l'état de la technique présente une résistance à la corrosion ainsi qu'une élasticité acceptables mais une force à la rupture relativement limitée, qui bien que satisfaisante pour certaines utilisations, n'est pas suffisante pour des utilisations particulières, notamment dans le cas de câble pour pneumatiques de véhicules industriels lourds.This prior art cable has acceptable corrosion resistance and elasticity but a relatively limited breaking force which, although satisfactory for some uses, is not sufficient for particular uses, particularly in the case of cable for heavy industrial vehicle tires.
Un exemple de procédé de fabrication d'un câble comprenant plusieurs torons est décrit dans le document
- on enroule en hélice N fils de façon à former un toron;
- on enroule en hélice les torons formés précédemment,
- on réalise un surtordage du câble enroulé;
- on réalise une étape de détordage du câble (10) surtordu.
- N son is helically wound so as to form a strand;
- the previously formed strands are wound helically,
- overtravel is performed on the coiled cable;
- a step of uncoupling the cable (10) superlanged is performed.
Un autre exemple de procédé de fabrication et de câble comprenant plusieurs torons est également décrit dans
L'invention a donc pour but de fournir un câble multi-torons résistant à la corrosion et ayant une force à la rupture élevée.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a multi-strand cable resistant to corrosion and having a high breaking force.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un câble métallique multi-torons à deux couches, dans lequel
- on enroule en hélice N fils constituant une couche externe d'un toron autour de 2 fils constituant une couche interne du toron de façon à former le toron;
- on enroule en hélice L torons externes, L étant strictement supérieur à 1, formés précédemment et constituant une couche externe insaturée du câble autour de K torons internes, K étant strictement supérieur à 1, formés précédemment et constituant une couche interne du câble, on réalise un surtordage du câble enroulé;
- on réalise une étape d'équilibrage du câble surtordu de façon à obtenir un couple résiduel nul dans le câble, et
- on réalise une étape de détordage du câble surtordu équilibré.
- N wires constituting an outer layer of a strand are wound helically around 2 wires constituting an inner layer of the strand so as to form the strand;
- the outer strands are wound in a helix L, L being strictly greater than 1, formed previously and constituting an unsaturated outer layer of the cable around K internal strands, K being strictly greater than 1, formed previously and constituting an inner layer of the cable. an oversize of the coiled cable;
- a balancing step of the overwired cable is carried out so as to obtain a zero residual torque in the cable, and
- a step of untwisting the balanced overturned cable is performed.
La succession des étapes de surtordage, d'équilibrage et de détordage appliqué au câble multi-torons (K+L) x (2+N) permet d'obtenir un câble aéré, c'est-à-dire caractérisé d'une part, par un écartement des fils par rapport à la direction axiale (direction perpendiculaire à la direction de l'axe du toron) et d'autre part, par un écartement des torons par rapport à la direction axiale (direction perpendiculaire à la direction de l'axe du câble). En effet, les fils constituant les torons et les torons constituant le câble sont déformés plastiquement durant l'étape de surtordage et présentent donc, à l'issue de l'étape de détordage, un excès de courbure par rapport à la courbure initiale du câble préalablement à l'étape de surtordage. Cet excès de courbure, relativement important, écarte axialement les fils constituant les torons et les torons constituant le câble lorsque le câble est au repos, notamment lorsqu'il n'est pas soumis à un effort de traction. Cette courbure est définie, d'une part, par le diamètre d'hélice de chaque couche de fils ou de torons et, d'autre part, par le pas d'hélice ou bien par l'angle d'hélice de chaque couche de fils ou de torons (angle mesuré à partir de l'axe du câble).The succession of overtopping, balancing and undoing steps applied to the multi-strand cable (K + L) x (2 + N) makes it possible to obtain an aerated cable, that is to say characterized on the one hand by spacing the wires from the axial direction (direction perpendicular to the direction of the axis of the strand) and secondly by spacing the strands from the axial direction (direction perpendicular to the direction of the strand). cable axis). Indeed, the son constituting the strands and strands constituting the cable are plastically deformed during the overtopping step and therefore have, at the end of the stripping step, an excess of curvature with respect to the initial curvature of the cable prior to the overtopping step. This excess of curvature, relatively large, axially spreads the son constituting the strands and strands constituting the cable when the cable is at rest, especially when it is not subjected to a tensile force. This curvature is defined, on the one hand, by the helical diameter of each layer of strands or strands and, on the other hand, by the pitch propeller or the helix angle of each layer of wires or strands (angle measured from the axis of the cable).
Le câble ainsi fabriqué est du type « HE », c'est-à-dire à haute élasticité, et hautement pénétrable. En plus de rendre le câble élastique, l'écartement des fils et des torons par rapport respectivement à l'axe du toron et du câble permet de favoriser le passage de la gomme entre les fils de chaque toron et entre les différents torons. La résistance à la corrosion est ainsi améliorée.The cable thus manufactured is of the "HE" type, that is to say with high elasticity, and highly penetrable. In addition to making the elastic cable, the spacing of the son and strands relative to the axis of the strand and the cable respectively allows to promote the passage of the eraser between the son of each strand and between the different strands. The corrosion resistance is thus improved.
Par définition, une couche insaturée de torons est telle qu'il existe suffisamment de place dans cette couche pour y ajouter au moins un (L+1)ième toron du même diamètre que les L torons de la couche, plusieurs torons pouvant alors être au contact les uns des autres. Réciproquement, cette couche est dite saturée s'il n'existait pas suffisamment de place dans cette couche pour y ajouter au moins un (L+1)ième toron du même diamètre que les L torons de la couche.By definition, an unsaturated layer of strands is such that there is enough space in this layer to add at least one (L + 1) th strand of the same diameter as the L strands of the layer, several strands can then be at contact each other. Conversely, this layer is said to be saturated if there is not enough space in this layer to add at least one (L + 1) th strand of the same diameter as the L strands of the layer.
Le câble présente une résistance élevée à la corrosion. En effet, l'insaturation de la couche externe du câble permet de créer au moins une ouverture de passage de la gomme entre deux torons externes afin de faire efficacement pénétrer la gomme lors de la vulcanisation du pneumatique. La structure 2+N de chaque toron amplifie le passage de la gomme. En effet, chaque toron présente une enveloppe de contour oblong ce qui favorise l'absence de contact entre les torons adjacents et donc le passage de la gomme.The cable has a high resistance to corrosion. In fact, the unsaturation of the outer layer of the cable makes it possible to create at least one opening for the gum to pass between two outer strands in order to effectively penetrate the rubber during the vulcanization of the tire. The 2 + N structure of each strand amplifies the passage of the eraser. Indeed, each strand has an oblong contour envelope which promotes the absence of contact between the adjacent strands and therefore the passage of the eraser.
En outre, le câble présente des propriétés remarquables de résistance. La résistance d'un câble peut être mesurée par la valeur de sa force à rupture et caractérise sa capacité de résistance structurale à une force.In addition, the cable has remarkable properties of resistance. The resistance of a cable can be measured by the value of its breaking force and characterizes its capacity for structural resistance to a force.
La structure multi-torons (K+L) x (2+N) du câble permet de conférer au câble une excellente résistance mécanique, en particulier une force à rupture élevée.The multi-strand structure (K + L) x (2 + N) of the cable makes it possible to give the cable excellent mechanical strength, in particular a high breaking force.
La structure du câble permet de fabriquer des nappes de sommet, par exemple de travail ou croisée, de protection, présentant une masse linéique relativement élevée. Ainsi, la résistance du pneumatique est fortement améliorée.The structure of the cable makes it possible to manufacture crown plies, for example working or crossed, of protection, having a relatively high linear density. Thus, the resistance of the tire is greatly improved.
Dans le cas où le câble est utilisé dans une nappe de protection, les nappes de protection sont rendues plus endurantes et plus résistantes à la corrosion à cause de sa haute pénétrabilité qui permet à la gomme de protéger le câble contre les agents corrosifs et à cause de son l'élasticité élevée qui permet au câble de se déformer facilement quel que soit le revêtement.In the case where the cable is used in a protective layer, the protective layers are made more enduring and more resistant to corrosion because of its high penetrability which allows the rubber to protect the cable against corrosive agents and because its high elasticity which allows the cable to deform easily regardless of the coating.
Dans le cas où le câble est utilisé dans une nappe de travail ou croisée, grâce à sa résistance mécanique élevée, notamment sa résistance à la fatigue en compression, le câble permet de conférer au pneumatique une endurance élevée, vis-à-vis en particulier du phénomène de séparation/fissuration des extrémités des nappes croisées dans la zone d'épaule du pneumatique, connu sous le terme de "clivage".In the case where the cable is used in a working or crossed web, thanks to its high mechanical strength, in particular its resistance to compression fatigue, the cable makes it possible to give the tire a high endurance, with respect in particular the phenomenon of separation / cracking of the ends of the crossed plies in the shoulder area of the tire, known as "cleavage".
Par câble métallique, on entend par définition un câble formé de fils constitués majoritairement (c'est-à-dire pour plus de 50% de ces fils) ou intégralement (pour 100% des fils) d'un matériau métallique. L'invention est préférentiellement mise en oeuvre avec un câble en acier, plus préférentiellement en acier perlitique (ou ferrito-perlitique) au carbone désigné ci-après par "acier au carbone", ou encore en acier inoxydable (par définition, acier comportant au moins 11% de chrome et au moins 50% de fer). Mais il est bien entendu possible d'utiliser d'autres aciers ou d'autres alliages.Wire rope means by definition a cable formed of wires constituted mostly (ie for more than 50% of these wires) or completely (for 100% of the wires) of a metallic material. The invention is preferably implemented with a steel cable, more preferably carbonaceous pearlitic (or ferrito-pearlitic) steel, hereinafter referred to as "carbon steel", or else stainless steel (by definition, steel comprising at least one minus 11% chromium and at least 50% iron). But it is of course possible to use other steels or other alloys.
Lorsqu'un acier au carbone est utilisé, sa teneur en carbone (% en poids d'acier) est de préférence comprise entre 0,4% et 1,2%, notamment entre 0,5% et 1,1% ; ces teneurs représentent un bon compromis entre les propriétés mécaniques requises pour le pneumatique et la faisabilité des fils. Il est à noter qu'une teneur en carbone comprise entre 0,5% et 0,6% rend de tels aciers finalement moins coûteux car plus faciles à tréfiler. Un autre mode avantageux de réalisation de l'invention peut consister aussi, selon les applications visées, à utiliser des aciers à faible teneur en carbone, comprise par exemple entre 0,2% et 0,5%, en raison notamment d'un coût plus bas et d'une plus grande facilité de tréfilage.When carbon steel is used, its carbon content (% by weight of steel) is preferably between 0.4% and 1.2%, especially between 0.5% and 1.1%; these levels represent a good compromise between the mechanical properties required for the tire and the feasibility of the wires. It should be noted that a carbon content of between 0.5% and 0.6% makes such steels ultimately less expensive because easier to draw. Another advantageous embodiment of the invention may also consist, depending on the applications concerned, of using steels with a low carbon content, for example between 0.2% and 0.5%, in particular because of a cost lower and easier to draw.
Le métal ou l'acier utilisé, qu'il s'agisse en particulier d'un acier au carbone ou d'un acier inoxydable, peut être lui-même revêtu d'une couche métallique améliorant par exemple les propriétés de mise en oeuvre du câble métallique et/ou de ses éléments constitutifs, ou les propriétés d'usage du câble et/ou du pneumatique eux-mêmes, telles que les propriétés d'adhésion, de résistance à la corrosion ou encore de résistance au vieillissement.The metal or steel used, whether it is in particular a carbon steel or a stainless steel, may itself be coated with a metal layer improving for example the properties of implementation of the wire rope and / or its constituent elements, or the properties of use of the cable and / or the tire themselves, such as adhesion properties, corrosion resistance or resistance to aging.
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, l'acier utilisé est recouvert d'une couche de laiton (alliage Zn-Cu) ou de zinc. On rappelle que lors du procédé de fabrication des fils, le revêtement de laiton ou de zinc facilite le tréfilage du fil, ainsi que le collage du fil avec le caoutchouc. Mais les fils pourraient être recouverts d'une fine couche métallique autre que du laiton ou du zinc, ayant par exemple pour fonction d'améliorer la résistance à la corrosion de ces fils et/ou leur adhésion au caoutchouc, par exemple une fine couche de Co, Ni, Al, d'un alliage de deux ou plus des composés Cu, Zn, Al, Ni, Co, Sn.According to a preferred embodiment, the steel used is covered with a layer of brass (Zn-Cu alloy) or zinc. It is recalled that during the wire manufacturing process, the coating of brass or zinc facilitates the drawing of the wire, as well as the bonding of the wire with the rubber. But the son could be covered with a thin metal layer other than brass or zinc, for example having the function of improving the resistance to corrosion of these son and / or their adhesion to rubber, for example a thin layer of Co, Ni, Al, an alloy of two or more compounds Cu, Zn, Al, Ni, Co, Sn.
L'homme du métier sait comment fabriquer des fils d'acier présentant de telles caractéristiques, en ajustant notamment la composition de l'acier et les taux d'écrouissage final de ces fils, en fonction de ses besoins propres particuliers, en utilisant par exemple des aciers au carbone micro-alliés contenant des éléments d'addition spécifiques tels que Cr, Ni, Co, V, ou divers autres éléments connus (voir par exemple Research Disclosure 34984 - "Micro-alloyed steel cord constructions for tyres" - mai 1993 ; Research Disclosure 34054 - "High tensile strength steel cord constructions for tyres "- août 1992).The person skilled in the art knows how to manufacture steel wires having such characteristics, by adjusting in particular the composition of the steel and the final work hardening rates of these yarns, according to its particular specific needs, for example by using micro-alloyed carbon steels containing specific addition elements such as Cr, Ni, Co, V, or various other known elements (see, for example, Research Disclosure 34984 - "Micro-alloyed steel cord constructions for tires" - May 1993 Research Disclosure 34054 - "High tensile strength steel cord constructions for tires "- August 1992).
De préférence, on enroule en hélice les K torons internes.Preferably, the K inner strands are wound helically.
De préférence, et dans cet ordre :
- On forme chaque toron interne et externe.
- On enroule en hélice les K torons internes formés précédemment.
- On enroule en hélice les L torons externes formés précédemment autour des K torons internes enroulés en hélice précédemment.
- Each inner and outer strand is formed.
- The K internal strands previously formed are helically wound.
- The L-shaped outer strands previously wound around the previously wound K-shaped inner strands are helically wound.
Avantageusement, la couche externe de chaque toron est insaturée.Advantageously, the outer layer of each strand is unsaturated.
Par définition, une couche insaturée de fils est telle qu'il existe suffisamment de place dans cette couche pour y ajouter au moins un (N+1)ième fil du même diamètre que les N fils de la couche, plusieurs fils pouvant alors être au contact les uns des autres. Réciproquement, cette couche est dite saturée s'il n'existait pas suffisamment de place dans cette couche pour y ajouter au moins un (N+1)ième fil du même diamètre que les N fils de la couche.By definition, an unsaturated layer of wires is such that there is enough space in this layer to add at least one (N + 1) th wire of the same diameter as the N wires of the layer, several wires then being able to contact each other. Conversely, this layer is said to be saturated if there was not enough room in this layer to add at least one (N + 1) th thread of the same diameter as the N son of the layer.
On améliore la protection du câble contre la corrosion pour des raisons analogues à celles relatives à l'insaturation de la couche externe du câble. En particulier, on permet la pénétration de la gomme jusqu'au canal central délimité par les torons de la couche interne du câble. Ainsi, dans un tel câble, la gomme pénètre au milieu de chaque toron et entre les torons.The protection of the cable against corrosion is improved for reasons similar to those relating to the unsaturation of the outer layer of the cable. In particular, it allows the penetration of the rubber to the central channel defined by the strands of the inner layer of the cable. Thus, in such a cable, the eraser penetrates in the middle of each strand and between the strands.
De préférence, la force à rupture du câble est supérieure ou égale à 4000 N, de préférence à 5000 N et plus préférentiellement à 6000 N.Preferably, the breaking strength of the cable is greater than or equal to 4000 N, preferably 5000 N and more preferably 6000 N.
De préférence, l'allongement total à la rupture At du câble, somme de ses allongements structural, élastique et plastique (At = As + Ae + Ap), est supérieur ou égal à 4,5%, de préférence à 5% et plus préférentiellement à 5,5%.Preferably, the total elongation at break of the cable, the sum of its structural, elastic and plastic elongations (At = As + Ae + Ap), is greater than or equal to 4.5%, preferably greater than or equal to 5%. preferentially at 5.5%.
L'allongement structural As résulte de la construction et de l'aération même du câble multitorons et/ou de ses torons élémentaires ainsi que de leur élasticité propre, le cas échéant d'une préformation imposée à un ou plusieurs de ces torons et/ou fils constitutifs.The structural elongation As results from the construction and even aeration of the multistrand cable and / or its elementary strands as well as their own elasticity, where appropriate of a preformation imposed on one or more of these strands and / or constituent threads.
L'allongement élastique Ae résulte de l'élasticité même du métal des fils métalliques, pris individuellement (loi de Hooke).The elastic elongation Ae results from the elasticity of the metal of the metal wires, taken individually (Hooke's law).
L'allongement plastique Ap résulte de la plasticité (déformation irréversible au-delà de la limite d'élasticité) du métal de ces fils métalliques pris individuellement.The plastic elongation Ap results from the plasticity (irreversible deformation beyond the elastic limit) of the metal of these metal wires taken individually.
Ces différents allongements ainsi que leur signification, bien connus de l'homme du métier, sont décrits dans les documents
Avantageusement, le câble présente un allongement structural As supérieur ou égal à 1 %, de préférence à 1,5 % et plus préférentiellement à 2 %.Advantageously, the cable has a structural elongation of greater than or equal to 1%, preferably 1.5% and more preferably 2%.
Avantageusement, K=3 ou K=4.Advantageously, K = 3 or K = 4.
De préférence, L=8 ou L=9.Preferably, L = 8 or L = 9.
Avantageusement, N=2, N=3 ou N=4.Advantageously, N = 2, N = 3 or N = 4.
Les câbles préférés sont les câbles de structure (3+8) x (2+2), (3+8) x (2+3), (3+8) x (2+4), (4+8) x (2+2), (4+8) x (2+3), (4+8) x (2+4), (4+9) x (2+2), (4+9) x (2+3) et (4+9) x (2+4).The preferred cables are the structural cables (3 + 8) x (2 + 2), (3 + 8) x (2 + 3), (3 + 8) x (2 + 4), (4 + 8) x (2 + 2), (4 + 8) x (2 + 3), (4 + 8) x (2 + 4), (4 + 9) x (2 + 2), (4 + 9) x (2 +3) and (4 + 9) x (2 + 4).
On rappelle ici que, de manière connue, le pas représente la longueur, mesurée parallèlement à l'axe du câble, au bout de laquelle un fil ayant ce pas effectue un tour complet autour dudit axe du câble.It will be recalled here that, in known manner, the pitch represents the length, measured parallel to the axis of the cable, at the end of which a wire having this pitch performs a complete revolution about said axis of the cable.
Selon des caractéristiques optionnelles :
- Les fils internes de chacun des K torons internes sont enroulés en hélice selon un pas compris entre 3,6 et 16 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 4 et 12,8 mm bornes incluses.
- Le diamètre des fils internes de chacun des K torons internes est compris entre 0,18 mm et 0,40 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 0,20
mm et 0,32 mm bornes incluses. - Le rapport du pas sur le diamètre des fils internes de chacun des K torons internes est compris entre 20 et 40 bornes incluses.
- Les fils externes de chacun des K torons internes sont enroulés en hélice selon un pas compris entre 3,1 et 8,4 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 3,4 et 6,7 mm bornes incluses.
- Le diamètre des fils externes de chacun des K torons internes est compris entre 0,18 mm et 0,40 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 0,20
mm et 0,32 mm bornes incluses. - Le rapport du pas sur le diamètre des fils externes de chacun des K torons internes est compris entre 17 et 21 bornes incluses.
- The inner wires of each of the K inner strands are helically wound in a pitch of between 3.6 and 16 mm inclusive, preferably between 4 and 12.8 mm inclusive.
- The diameter of the internal wires of each of the K inner strands is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm inclusive, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
- The ratio of the pitch on the diameter of the internal wires of each of the K internal strands is between 20 and 40 inclusive terminals.
- The outer wires of each of the K inner strands are wound helically in a pitch of between 3.1 and 8.4 mm inclusive, preferably between 3.4 and 6.7 mm inclusive.
- The diameter of the outer wires of each of the K inner strands is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm inclusive, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm inclusive.
- The ratio of the pitch on the diameter of the external wires of each of the K internal strands is between 17 and 21 included terminals.
Ainsi, à diamètre constant, les fils externes présentent, de préférence, un pas plus court que celui des fils internes. L'élasticité de chacun des K torons est améliorée.Thus, at constant diameter, the outer wires preferably have a shorter pitch than the internal wires. The elasticity of each of the K strands is improved.
De préférence, les couches interne et externe de chacun des K torons internes sont enroulées dans le même sens de torsion. En plus de favoriser l'élasticité du câble, l'enroulement dans le même sens des couches interne et externe permet de minimiser les frottements entre les deux couches et donc l'usure des fils qui les constituent.Preferably, the inner and outer layers of each of the K inner strands are wound in the same direction of torsion. In addition to promoting the elasticity of the cable, the winding in the same direction of the inner and outer layers allows to minimize the friction between the two layers and therefore the wear of the son constituting them.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques optionnelles :
- Les fils internes de chacun des L torons externes sont enroulés en hélice selon un pas compris entre 7,2 et 32 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 8 et 25,6 mm bornes incluses.
- Le diamètre des fils internes de chacun des L torons externes est compris entre 0,18 mm et 0,40 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 0,20
mm et 0,32 mm bornes incluses. - Le rapport du pas sur le diamètre des fils internes de chacun des L torons externes est compris entre 40 et 80 bornes incluses.
- Les fils externes de chacun des L torons externes sont enroulés en hélice selon un pas compris entre 4,1 et 13,2 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 4,6 mm et 10,6 mm bornes incluses.
- Le diamètre des fils externes de chacun des L torons externes est compris entre 0,18 mm et 0,40 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 0,20
mm et 0,32 mm bornes incluses.
- The internal wires of each of the L outer strands are wound helically according to a pitch of between 7.2 and 32 mm inclusive, preferably between 8 and 25.6 mm inclusive.
- The diameter of the internal wires of each of the L outer strands is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
- The ratio of the pitch on the diameter of the internal wires of each of the L outer strands is between 40 and 80 included terminals.
- The external wires of each of the L outer strands are wound helically in a pitch of between 4.1 and 13.2 mm inclusive, preferably between 4.6 mm and 10.6 mm inclusive.
- The diameter of the outer wires of each of the outer L strands is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
Le rapport du pas sur le diamètre des fils externes de chacun des L torons externes est compris entre 23 et 33 bornes incluses.The ratio of the pitch on the diameter of the outer wires of each of the L outer strands is between 23 and 33 included terminals.
Ainsi, à diamètre constant, les fils externes présentent, de préférence, un pas plus court que celui des fils internes. L'élasticité de chacun des L torons est améliorée.Thus, at constant diameter, the outer wires preferably have a shorter pitch than the internal wires. The elasticity of each of the L strands is improved.
De préférence, les couches interne et externe de chacun des L torons externes sont enroulées dans le même sens de torsion. De façon analogue aux torons internes, on améliore ainsi l'élasticité et la résistance à l'usure du câble.Preferably, the inner and outer layers of each of the L outer strands are wound in the same direction of torsion. In a similar way to the inner strands, the elasticity and the wear resistance of the cable are thus improved.
Selon encore d'autres caractéristiques optionnelles :
- Les torons internes sont enroulés en hélice selon un pas compris entre 3,6 et 16 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 4 et 12,8 mm bornes incluses.
- Le rapport du pas des torons internes sur le diamètre des fils de chaque toron interne est compris entre 20 et 40 bornes incluses. Tous les fils de chaque toron interne présentent alors le même diamètre.
- Les torons externes sont enroulés en hélice selon un pas compris entre 7,2 et 32 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 8 et 25,6 mm bornes incluses.
- Le rapport du pas des torons externes sur le diamètre des fils de chaque toron externe est compris entre 40 et 80 bornes incluses. Tous les fils de chaque toron externe présentent alors le même diamètre.
- The inner strands are helically wound in a pitch of between 3.6 and 16 mm inclusive, preferably between 4 and 12.8 mm inclusive.
- The ratio of the pitch of the inner strands to the diameter of the wires of each inner strand is between 20 and 40 inclusive terminals. All the wires of each inner strand then have the same diameter.
- The outer strands are wound helically in a pitch of between 7.2 and 32 mm inclusive, preferably between 8 and 25.6 mm inclusive.
- The ratio of the pitch of the outer strands to the diameter of the wires of each outer strand is between 40 and 80 inclusive terminals. All the son of each outer strand then have the same diameter.
Ainsi, à diamètre constant, les torons externes présentent, de préférence, un pas plus grand que celui des torons internes.Thus, at constant diameter, the outer strands preferably have a greater pitch than that of the inner strands.
De préférence, les couches interne et externe du câble sont enroulées dans le même sens de torsion. Cet enroulement permet de minimiser les frottements entre les deux couches et donc l'usure des torons qui les constituent.Preferably, the inner and outer layers of the cable are wound in the same direction of torsion. This winding makes it possible to minimize the friction between the two layers and therefore the wear of the strands which constitute them.
Avantageusement, tous les fils et les torons sont enroulés selon le même sens de torsion. Cela permet de favoriser l'élasticité du câble.Advantageously, all the son and the strands are wound in the same direction of torsion. This helps promote the elasticity of the cable.
Pour un compromis optimisé de résistance, d'aptitude à l'élongation structurale ou élasticité, d'endurance et de flexibilité, on préfère que les diamètres de tous les fils externes et internes de chaque toron, que ces fils aient un diamètre identique ou non, soient compris entre 0,18 mm et 0,40 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 0,20 mm et 0,32 mm bornes incluses.For an optimized compromise of strength, aptitude for structural elongation or elasticity, endurance and flexibility, it is preferred that the diameters of all the external and internal wires of each strand, whether these strands have an identical diameter or not , are between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals.
Pour chaque toron, les fils internes et externes peuvent avoir un diamètre identique ou différent d'une couche à l'autre. On utilise de préférence des fils de même diamètre d'une couche à l'autre. Les fils internes de chaque toron sont préférentiellement en acier, plus préférentiellement en acier au carbone. Indépendamment, les fils externes de chaque toron sont préférentiellement en acier, plus préférentiellement en acier au carbone.For each strand, the internal and external wires may have an identical diameter or different from one layer to another. Wire of the same diameter is preferably used from one layer to another. The internal wires of each strand are preferably made of steel, more preferably of carbon steel. Independently, the outer son of each strand are preferably made of steel, more preferably carbon steel.
Le câble est tout particulièrement destiné à être utilisé comme élément de renforcement d'une armature de sommet de pneumatique destiné à des véhicules industriels choisis parmi des véhicules lourds tels que "Poids lourd" - i.e., métro, bus, engins de transport routier (camions, tracteurs, remorques), véhicules hors-la-route -, engins agricoles ou de génie civil, autres véhicules de transport ou de manutention.The cable is particularly intended to be used as a reinforcement element for a tire crown reinforcement intended for industrial vehicles chosen from heavy vehicles such as "heavy goods vehicles" - ie, subway, bus, road transport units (trucks tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles -, agricultural or engineering machinery, other transport or handling vehicles.
De préférence, le pneumatique comporte une armature de carcasse ancrée dans deux bourrelets et surmontée radialement par une armature de sommet elle-même surmontée d'une bande de roulement qui est réunie auxdits bourrelets par deux flancs, ladite armature de sommet comporte des câbles tels que défini ci-dessus.Preferably, the tire comprises a carcass reinforcement anchored in two beads and radially surmounted by a crown reinforcement itself surmounted by a tread which is joined to said beads by two flanks, said crown reinforcement comprises cables such that defined above.
Avantageusement, le câble est destiné à être utilisé comme élément de renforcement d'une nappe de protection. En variante, le câble est destiné à être utilisé comme élément de renforcement d'une nappe de travail.Advantageously, the cable is intended to be used as reinforcing element of a protective layer. In a variant, the cable is intended to be used as reinforcing element for a working ply.
Le câble pourrait également être utilisé, dans d'autres modes de réalisation, pour renforcer d'autres parties de pneumatiques destinés à d'autres types de véhicules.The cable could also be used in other embodiments to reinforce other tire parts for other types of vehicles.
Ainsi, par exemple, on pourrait envisager d'utiliser le câble comme élément de renforcement d'une nappe de frettage. Selon différents modes de réalisation, une telle nappe de frettage peut être disposée radialement entre la ou les nappes de carcasse et la ou les nappes de travail, entre les nappes de travail, entre la ou les nappes de travail et la ou les nappes de protection.Thus, for example, one could consider using the cable as reinforcing element of a hooping web. According to various embodiments, such a hooping sheet may be arranged radially between the carcass ply (s) and the working ply (s), between the working plies, between the working ply (s) and the protective ply (s). .
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins dans lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est une vue en coupe perpendiculaire à l'axe du câble (supposé rectiligne et au repos) d'un câble obtenu à partir du procédé selon l'invention; - la
figure 2 est une vue de détails d'un toron du câble de lafigure 1 ; - la
figure 3 est une vue en coupe perpendiculaire à la direction circonférentielle d'un pneumatique comprenant le câble de lafigure 1 ; - la
figure 4 est une vue analogue à celle de lafigure 1 d'un câble de l'état de la technique.
- the
figure 1 is a sectional view perpendicular to the axis of the cable (assumed rectilinear and at rest) a cable obtained from the method according to the invention; - the
figure 2 is a detail view of a cable strand from thefigure 1 ; - the
figure 3 is a sectional view perpendicular to the circumferential direction of a tire comprising the cable of thefigure 1 ; - the
figure 4 is a view similar to that of thefigure 1 a cable of the state of the art.
On a représenté sur la
Le câble 10 comprend une couche interne C1 du câble 10 constituée de K torons internes TI avec de préférence K=3 ou K=4, et ici K=3. La couche C1 présente une enveloppe sensiblement tubulaire donnant à la couche C1 son contour E1 cylindrique.The
Les torons internes TI sont enroulés en hélice selon un pas pl compris entre 3,6 et 16 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 4 et 12,8 mm bornes incluses. En l'espèce, pl=7,5 mm,The inner strands TI are helically wound in a pitch p between 3.6 and 16 mm included terminals, preferably between 4 and 12.8 mm included terminals. In this case, pl = 7.5 mm,
Le câble comprend également une couche externe C2 du câble 10 constituée de L torons externes TE avec de préférence L=8 ou L=9, et ici L=8. La couche C2 présente une enveloppe sensiblement tubulaire donnant à la couche C2 son contour E2 cylindrique.The cable also comprises an outer layer C2 of the
Les torons externes TE sont accolés, ce qui correspond à une position d'équilibre mécanique, et au moins deux torons externes TE sont séparés par une ouverture 14 de passage de la gomme. La couche interne C2 est insaturée, c'est-à-dire qu'il existe suffisamment de place dans la couche C2 pour y ajouter au moins un (L+1)ième toron du même diamètre que les L torons de la couche C2, plusieurs torons pouvant alors être au contact les uns des autres. Ainsi, les torons externes TE sont agencés de sorte que la couche C2 permet le passage de la gomme radialement entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur de la couche C2 par l'ouverture 14.The outer strands TE are contiguous, which corresponds to a position of mechanical equilibrium, and at least two external strands TE are separated by an
Les torons externes TE sont enroulés en hélice autour de la couche interne C1 selon un pas pE compris entre 7,2 et 32 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 8 et 25,6 mm bornes incluses. En l'espèce, pE=15 mm.The outer strands TE are wound helically around the inner layer C1 in a pitch pE between 7.2 and 32 mm inclusive, preferably between 8 and 25.6 mm included terminals. In this case, pE = 15 mm.
Les torons TI et TE sont avantageusement enroulés dans le même sens de torsion, c'est-à-dire soit dans la direction S (disposition "S/S"), soit dans la direction Z (disposition "Z/Z"), ici selon la disposition S/S.The strands TI and TE are advantageously wound in the same direction of torsion, that is to say either in the S direction ("S / S" disposition), or in the Z direction ("Z / Z" disposition). here according to the S / S provision.
On a représenté sur la
Chaque toron TI, TE présente une enveloppe allongée donnant à chaque toron TI, TE son contour E3 oblong. Chaque toron TI, TE comprend une couche interne 12 constituée de 2 fils internes F1 ainsi qu'une couche externe 16 constituée de N fils externes F2 avec N=2, N=3 ou N=4, et ici N=3.Each strand TI, TE has an elongated envelope giving each strand TI, TE its contour E3 oblong. Each strand TI, TE comprises an
Les fils externes F2 sont généralement accolés lorsque le câble est au repos, ce qui correspond à une position d'équilibre mécanique, et au moins deux fils externes F2 sont séparés par une ouverture 18 de passage de la gomme. La couche 16 est insaturée, c'est-à-dire qu'il existe suffisamment de place dans la couche 16 pour y ajouter au moins un (N+1)ième fil externe F2 du même diamètre que les N fils externes F2 de la couche 16. Ainsi, les fils externes F2 de la couche 16 sont agencés de sorte que la couche 16 permet le passage de la gomme radialement entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur de la couche 16 par l'ouverture 18.The external son F2 are generally contiguous when the cable is at rest, which corresponds to a position of mechanical equilibrium, and at least two external wires F2 are separated by an
Chaque fil F1, F2 est de préférence en acier au carbone revêtu de laiton. Les fils en acier au carbone sont préparés de manière connue, en partant par exemple de fils machine (diamètre 5 à 6 mm) que l'on écrouit tout d'abord, par laminage et/ou tréfilage, jusqu'à un diamètre intermédiaire voisin de 1 mm. L'acier utilisé pour le câble 10 est un acier au carbone du type NT («Normal Tensile ») dont la teneur en carbone est de 0,7%, le reste étant constitué de fer et des impuretés inévitables habituelles liées au procédé de fabrication de l'acier. En variante, on utilise un acier au carbone à très haute résistance SHT (« Super High Tensile ») dont la teneur en carbone est de 0,92% environ et comportant 0,2% de chrome environ.Each F1, F2 wire is preferably made of brass coated carbon steel. The carbon steel wires are prepared in a known manner, for example starting from machine wires (diameter 5 to 6 mm) which are first cold-rolled, by rolling and / or drawing, to a neighboring intermediate diameter. of 1 mm. The steel used for the
Les fils de diamètre intermédiaire subissent un traitement de dégraissage et/ou décapage, avant leur transformation ultérieure. Après dépôt d'un revêtement de laiton sur ces fils intermédiaires, on effectue sur chaque fil un écrouissage dit "final" (i.e., après le dernier traitement thermique de patentage), par tréfilage à froid en milieu humide avec un lubrifiant de tréfilage qui se présente par exemple sous forme d'une émulsion ou d'une dispersion aqueuse. Le revêtement de laiton qui entoure les fils a une épaisseur très faible, nettement inférieure au micromètre, par exemple de l'ordre de 0,15 à 0,30 µm, ce qui est négligeable par rapport au diamètre des fils en acier. Bien entendu, la composition de l'acier du fil en ses différents éléments (par exemple C, Cr, Mn) est la même que celle de l'acier du fil de départ.The intermediate diameter son undergo a degreasing treatment and / or pickling, before further processing. After deposition of a brass coating on these intermediate son, is carried on each wire a so-called "final" work hardening (ie, after the last patenting heat treatment), by cold drawing in a moist medium with a drawing lubricant which is for example in the form of an emulsion or an aqueous dispersion. The brass coating that surrounds the son has a very small thickness, significantly less than one micrometer, for example of the order of 0.15 to 0.30 microns, which is negligible compared to the diameter of the steel son. Of course, the composition of the wire steel in its various elements (eg C, Cr, Mn) is the same as that of the steel of the starting wire.
Les fils internes F1 de chacun des K torons internes TI sont enroulés en hélice selon un pas p1,i compris entre 3,6 et 16 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 4 et 12,8 mm bornes incluses.The internal wires F1 of each of the K internal strands TI are helically wound in a pitch p1, i between 3.6 and 16 mm included terminals, preferably between 4 and 12.8 mm included terminals.
Le diamètre D1,i des fils internes F1 de chacun des K torons internes TI est compris entre 0,18 mm et 0,40 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 0,20 mm et 0,32 mm bornes incluses. De préférence, tous les fils internes F1 des K torons internes TI ont le même diamètre.The diameter D1, i of the internal wires F1 of each of the K internal strands TI is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm inclusive, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals. Preferably, all internal wires F1 of K internal strands TI have the same diameter.
Les fils internes F1 de chaque toron interne TI sont enroulés de sorte que le rapport R1,i du pas p1,i des fils internes F1 sur leur diamètre D1,i est compris entre 20 et 40 bornes incluses. En l'espèce, p1,i=7,5 mm, D1,i=0,26 mm et R1,i=28,8.The internal wires F1 of each inner strand T1 are wound so that the ratio R1, i of the pitch p1, i internal wires F1 on their diameter D1, i is between 20 and 40 included terminals. In this case, p1, i = 7.5 mm, D1, i = 0.26 mm and R1, i = 28.8.
Les fils externes F2 de chacun des K torons internes TI sont enroulés en hélice selon un pas p2,i compris entre 3,1 et 8,4 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 3,4 et 6,7 mm bornes incluses.The external wires F2 of each of the K internal strands TI are helically wound in a pitch p2, between 3.1 and 8.4 mm inclusive, preferably between 3.4 and 6.7 mm inclusive.
Le diamètre D2,i des fils externes F2 de chacun des K torons internes TI est compris entre 0,18 mm et 0,40 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 0,20 mm et 0,32 mm bornes incluses. De préférence, tous les fils externes F2 des K torons internes TI ont le même diamètre.The diameter D2, i of the external wires F2 of each of the K internal strands TI is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals. Preferably, all the external wires F2 of the K inner strands TI have the same diameter.
Les fils externes F2 de chaque toron interne TI sont enroulés en hélice autour de la couche interne 12 de sorte que le rapport R2,i du pas p2,i des fils externes F2 de chaque toron interne TI sur leur diamètre D2,i est compris entre 17 et 21 bornes incluses. En l'espèce, p2,i=5 mm, D2,i= 0,26 mm et R2,i=19,2.The external wires F2 of each inner strand TI are wound helically around the
Les fils internes F1 de chacun des L torons externe TE sont enroulés selon un pas p1,e compris entre 7,2 et 32 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 8 et 25,6 mm bornes incluses.The internal wires F1 of each of the L outer strands TE are wound in a pitch p1, e between 7.2 and 32 mm included terminals, preferably between 8 and 25.6 mm included terminals.
Le diamètre D1,e des fils internes F1 de chacun des L torons externe TE est compris entre 0,18 mm et 0,40 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 0,20 mm et 0,32 mm bornes incluses. De préférence, tous les fils internes F1 des L torons externes TE ont le même diamètre.The diameter D1, e of the internal wires F1 of each of the L outer strands TE is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm inclusive, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals. Preferably, all the inner wires F1 of the L outer strands TE have the same diameter.
Les fils internes F1 de chaque toron externe TE sont enroulés de sorte que le rapport R1,e du pas p1,e des fils internes F1 sur leur diamètre D1,e est compris entre 40 et 80 bornes incluses. En l'espèce, p1,e= 15 mm, D1,e=0,26 mm et R1,e=57,7.The internal wires F1 of each outer strand TE are wound so that the ratio R1, e of the pitch p1, e of the internal wires F1 on their diameter D1, e is between 40 and 80 included terminals. In this case, p1, e = 15 mm, D1, e = 0.26 mm and R1, e = 57.7.
Les fils externes F2 de chacun des L torons externes TE sont enroulés selon un pas p2,e compris entre 4,1 et 13,2 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 4,6 mm et 10,6 mm bornes incluses.The outer wires F2 of each of the L outer strands TE are wound in a pitch p2, e between 4.1 and 13.2 mm inclusive, preferably between 4.6 mm and 10.6 mm included terminals.
Le diamètre D2,e des fils externes F2 de chacun des L torons externes TE est compris entre 0,18 mm et 0,40 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 0,20 mm et 0,32 mm bornes incluses. De préférence tous les fils externes F2 des L torons externes TI ont le même diamètre.The diameter D2, e of the external wires F2 of each of the L external strands TE is between 0.18 mm and 0.40 mm included terminals, preferably between 0.20 mm and 0.32 mm included terminals. Preferably, all the external wires F2 of the L outer strands TI have the same diameter.
Les fils externes F2 de chaque toron externe TE sont enroulés en hélice autour de la couche interne 12 de sorte que le rapport R2,e du pas p2,e des fils externes F2 de chaque toron externe TE sur leur diamètre D2,e est compris entre 23 et 33 bornes incluses. En l'espèce, p2,e=7,5 mm, D2,e=0,26 mm et R2,e=28,8.The external wires F2 of each outer strand TE are helically wound around the
Préférentiellement, tous les fils F1 et F2 ont le même diamètre.Preferably, all the F1 and F2 son have the same diameter.
Les torons internes TI sont enroulés en hélice de sorte que le rapport RI du pas pl des torons internes TI sur le diamètre D1,i, D2,i des fils F1, F2 de chaque toron interne TI est compris entre 20 et 40 bornes incluses. En l'espèce, RI=28,8.The internal strands TI are helically wound so that the ratio RI of the pitch pl of the inner strands TI on the diameter D1, i, D2, i of the wires F1, F2 of each inner strand TI is between 20 and 40 inclusive terminals. In this case, RI = 28.8.
Les torons externes TE sont enroulés en hélice autour de la couche interne C1 de sorte que le rapport RE du pas pE des torons externes TE sur le diamètre D1,e, D2,e des fils F1, F2 de chaque toron externe TE est compris entre 40 et 80 bornes incluses. En l'espèce, RE=57,7.The outer strands TE are helically wound around the inner layer C1 so that the ratio RE of the pitch pE of the outer strands TE to the diameter D1, e, D2, e of the wires F1, F2 of each outer strand TE is between 40 and 80 terminals included. In this case, RE = 57.7.
Les fils F1, F2 de chaque toron TI, TE sont avantageusement enroulés dans le même sens de torsion, c'est-à-dire soit dans la direction S (disposition "S/S"), soit dans la direction Z (disposition "Z/Z"), ici selon la disposition S/S.The wires F1, F2 of each strand TI, TE are advantageously wound in the same direction of torsion, that is to say either in the direction S ("S / S" arrangement) or in the Z direction ("disposition" Z / Z "), here according to the S / S arrangement.
Ainsi, tous les fils F1, F2 et tous les torons TI, TE sont enroulés selon le même sens de torsion S. En variante, ils sont tous enroulés selon le même sens de torsion Z.Thus, all the son F1, F2 and all strands TI, TE are wound in the same direction of twist S. Alternatively, they are all wound in the same direction of twist Z.
On a représenté sur la
Ce câble 100 présente une structure du type 4 x (1+5) et comprend quatre torons T comprenant chacun une couche interne 102 constituée d'un fil 104 et une couche externe 106 constituée de cinq fils 108 enroulés en hélice autour du fil 104 de la couche interne 102. Les torons T délimitent un canal central 110This
On va maintenant décrire un procédé de fabrication selon l'invention du câble 10.We will now describe a manufacturing method according to the invention of the
Préalablement, on rappelle qu'il existe deux techniques possibles d'assemblage de fils ou de torons métalliques :
- soit par câblage: dans un tel cas, les fils ou torons ne subissent pas de torsion autour de leur propre axe, en raison d'une rotation synchrone avant et après le point d'assemblage ;
- soit par retordage : dans un tel cas, les fils ou torons subissent à la fois une torsion collective et une torsion individuelle autour de leur propre axe, ce qui génère un couple de détorsion sur chacun des fils ou torons.
- or by wiring: in such a case, the son or strands do not undergo torsion around their own axis, due to a synchronous rotation before and after the point of assembly;
- or by twisting: in such a case, the son or strands undergo both a collective twist and an individual twist around their own axis, which generates a torque of untwisting each of the son or strands.
Tout d'abord, on forme chaque toron élémentaire TI et TE comme suit.First, each elementary strand TI and TE is formed as follows.
Lors d'une étape d'assemblage par retordage, on enroule en hélice les N fils internes F2 constituant la couche externe 16 selon un pas intermédiaire égal à 15 mm dans le sens S autour des 2 fils internes F1 constituant la couche interne 12. Lors de cette étape, les fils internes F1 sont parallèles et présentent alors un pas intermédiaire infini.During a step of assembly by twisting, the N internal threads F2 constituting the
Puis, on assemble le câble 10 comme suit.Then, the
Lors d'une étape d'assemblage par retordage, on enroule en hélice K torons internes TI formés précédemment à l'étape de formation des torons TI et constituant la couche interne C1 selon un pas, dit initial, égal à 7,5 mm dans le sens S.During a twisting assembly step, K internal strands TI formed previously are wound in a helix at the stage of forming the strands TI and constituting the inner layer C1 in a step, referred to as initial pitch, equal to 7.5 mm in the meaning S.
Ensuite, lors d'une autre étape d'assemblage par retordage mise en oeuvre en ligne, ou pas, avec l'étape de retordage précédente, on enroule en hélice la couche externe C2 constituée de L torons externes TE formés précédemment à l'étape de formation des torons TE selon un pas, dit initial, égal à 15 mm dans le sens S autour de la couche interne C1 des K torons internes enroulés en hélice précédemment. Les torons TI, TE et les fils F1, F2 des couches C1, C2 présentent alors les pas initiaux, mentionnés dans le tableau 1. En variante, ils présentent d'autres pas initiaux.
Puis, on réalise une étape de surtordage du câble 10. Ainsi, on surtord, c'est-à-dire qu'on retord davantage le câble 10 dans le sens S, les fils F1, F2 et les torons TE, TI précédemment enroulés. Lors de cette étape de surtordage, on réduit les pas initiaux respectifs des fils F1, F2 et des torons TI, TE de façon à obtenir des pas intermédiaires inférieurs aux pas initiaux correspondants.Then, an overtriming step of the
Ensuite, on réalise une étape d'équilibrage du câble 10 surtordu de façon à obtenir un couple résiduel nul dans le câble 10. Pour ce faire, on fait passer le câble à travers des moyens d'équilibrage de type tournants. Par "équilibrage", on entend ici de manière connue par l'homme du métier l'annulation des couples de torsion résiduels (ou du retour élastique de détorsion) s'exerçant, d'une part, sur chaque fil du câble à l'état retordu et d'autre part, sur chaque toron du câble à l'état retordu. Les moyens d'équilibrage sont connus de l'homme du métier du retordage. Ils peuvent consister par exemple en des retordeurs comprenant par exemple une, deux ou quatre poulies, poulies à travers lesquelles circule le câble, dans un seul plan.Then, a step of balancing the
Puis, on réalise une étape de détordage du câble surtordu et équilibré. Ainsi on détord, c'est-à-dire qu'on retord le câble 10 dans le sens Z, les fils F1, F2 et les torons TE, TI du câble 10 précédemment équilibré. Ainsi, on augmente les pas intermédiaires des fils F1, F2 et des torons TE, TI pour obtenir les pas initiaux. A l'issue de cette étape de détordage, les pas des fils F1, F2 et des torons TI, TE sont donc à nouveau ceux du tableau 1.Then, a step of untwisting the twisted and balanced cable is carried out. In this way, the
Enfin, de préférence, on enroule le câble 10 sur une bobine de stockage.Finally, preferably, the
Le câble 10 précédemment décrit est susceptible d'être obtenu par le procédé décrit ci-dessus.The previously described
On a représenté sur la
Le pneumatique 20 comporte un sommet 22 renforcé par une armature de sommet 24, deux flancs 26 et deux bourrelets 28, chacun de ces bourrelets 28 étant renforcé avec une tringle 30. Le sommet 22 est surmonté d'une bande de roulement non représentée sur cette figure schématique. Une armature de carcasse 32 est enroulée autour des deux tringles 30 dans chaque bourrelet 28 et comprend un retournement 34 disposé vers l'extérieur du pneumatique 20 qui est ici représenté monté sur une jante 36. L'armature de carcasse 32 est de manière connue en soi constituée d'au moins une nappe renforcée par des câbles dits "radiaux", c'est-à-dire que ces câbles sont disposés pratiquement parallèles les uns aux autres et s'étendent d'un bourrelet à l'autre de manière à former un angle compris entre 80° et 90° avec le plan circonférentiel médian (plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation du pneumatique qui est situé à mi-distance des deux bourrelets 28 et passe par le milieu de l'armature de sommet 24).The
L'armature de sommet 24 comporte au moins une nappe de sommet dont les câbles de renforcement sont des câbles métalliques 10 tels que décrits ci-dessus. Dans cette armature de sommet 24 schématisée de manière très simple sur la
Bien entendu, le pneumatique 20 comporte en outre de manière connue une couche de gomme ou élastomère intérieure (communément appelée "gomme intérieure") qui définit la face radialement interne du pneumatique et qui est destinée à protéger la nappe de carcasse de la diffusion d'air provenant de l'espace intérieur au pneumatique. Avantageusement, en particulier dans le cas d'un pneumatique pour véhicule Poids-lourd, il peut comporter en outre une couche élastomère intermédiaire de renfort qui est située entre la nappe de carcasse et la couche intérieure, destinée à renforcer la couche intérieure et, par conséquent, la nappe de carcasse, également destinée à délocaliser partiellement les efforts subis par l'armature de carcasse.Of course, the
Dans cette nappe de ceinture, la densité des câbles 10 est de préférence comprise entre 15 et 80 câbles par dm (décimètre) de nappe de ceinture bornes incluses, plus préférentiellement entre 35 et 65 câbles par dm de nappe bornes incluses, la distance entre deux câbles adjacents, d'axe en axe, étant de préférence comprise environ entre 1,2 et 6,5 mm bornes incluses, plus préférentiellement comprise environ entre 1,5 et 3,0 mm bornes incluses.In this belt ply, the density of the
Les câbles 10 sont de préférence disposés de telle manière que la largeur (notée L) du pont de caoutchouc, entre deux câbles adjacents, est comprise entre 0,5 et 2,0 mm bornes incluses. Cette largeur L représente de manière connue la différence entre le pas de calandrage (pas de pose du câble dans le tissu de caoutchouc) et le diamètre du câble. En dessous de la valeur minimale indiquée, le pont de caoutchouc, trop étroit, risque de se dégrader mécaniquement lors du travail de la nappe, notamment au cours des déformations subies dans son propre plan par extension ou cisaillement. Au-delà du maximum indiqué, on s'expose à des risques d'apparition de pénétration d'objets, par perforation, entre les câbles. Plus préférentiellement, pour ces mêmes raisons, la largeur L est choisie comprise entre 0,8 et 1,6 mm bornes incluses.The
De préférence, la composition de caoutchouc utilisée pour le tissu de la nappe de ceinture présente, à l'état vulcanisé (i.e., après cuisson), un module sécant en extension E10 qui est compris entre 5 et 25 MPa bornes incluses, plus préférentiellement entre 5 et 20 MPa bornes incluses, notamment dans un domaine de 7 à 15 MPa bornes incluses, lorsque ce tissu est destiné à former une nappe de la ceinture, par exemple une nappe de protection. C'est dans de tels domaines de modules que l'on a enregistré le meilleur compromis d'endurance entre les câbles 10 d'une part, les tissus renforcés de ces câbles d'autre part.Preferably, the rubber composition used for the fabric of the belt ply has, in the vulcanized state (ie, after firing), an E10 extension secant modulus which is between 5 and 25 MPa inclusive, more preferably between 5 and 20 MPa limits included, especially in a domain from 7 to 15 MPa limits included, when this fabric is intended to form a lap of the belt, for example a protective layer. It is in such areas of modules that we have recorded the best compromise of endurance between the
On va maintenant décrire un procédé de fabrication du pneumatique 20.A method of manufacturing the
Le câble 10 est incorporé par calandrage à des tissus composites formés d'une composition connue à base de caoutchouc naturel et de noir de carbone à titre de charge renforçante, utilisée conventionnellement pour la fabrication des armatures de sommet de pneumatiques radiaux. Cette composition comporte essentiellement, en plus de l'élastomère et de la charge renforçante (noir de carbone), un antioxydant, de l'acide stéarique, une huile d'extension, du naphténate de cobalt en tant que promoteur d'adhésion, enfin un système de vulcanisation (soufre, accélérateur, ZnO).The
Les tissus composites renforcés par ces câbles comportent une matrice de caoutchouc formée de deux couches fines de gomme qui sont superposées de part et d'autre des câbles et qui présentent respectivement une épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 mm et 0,8 mm bornes incluses. Le pas de calandrage (pas de pose des câbles dans le tissu de caoutchouc) est compris entre 1,3 mm et 2,8 mm bornes incluses.The composite fabrics reinforced by these cables comprise a rubber matrix formed of two thin layers of rubber which are superimposed on both sides of the cables and which have a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm inclusive respectively. The calender pitch (no laying of the cables in the rubber fabric) is between 1.3 mm and 2.8 mm inclusive.
Ces tissus composites sont ensuite utilisés en tant que nappe de protection dans l'armature de sommet lors du procédé de fabrication du pneumatique, dont les étapes sont par ailleurs connues de l'homme du métier.These composite fabrics are then used as a protective ply in the crown reinforcement during the tire manufacturing process, the steps of which are otherwise known to those skilled in the art.
On a comparé le câble 10 avec le câble 100 de l'état de la technique de structure 4 x (1+5).
Le diamètre de chaque fil 104, 108 du câble 100 est égal à 0,26 mm. Le pas P des torons 106 est égal à 8mm et le pas p des fils 108 autour du fil 104 est égal à 5 mm.The diameter of each
Pour ce qui concerne les câbles métalliques, la mesure de force à la rupture notée Fm (charge maximale en N) est effectuée en traction selon la norme ISO 6892 de 1984. Les mesures d'allongement total à la rupture (At) et d'aptitude à l'élongation ou allongement structural (As) (allongements en %) sont bien connues de la personne du métier et décrite, par exemple, dans le document
Le tableau 2 ci-dessous présente les résultats obtenus de force à la rupture Fm et d'allongement structural.
Le câble 10 présente un allongement total à la rupture At supérieur ou égal à 4,5%, de préférence à 5% et plus préférentiellement à 5,5%.The
Le câble 10 présente un allongement structural As supérieur ou égal à 1 %, de préférence à 1,5 %. Dans une variante non représentée, l'allongement structural As est supérieur ou égal à 2 %.The
La force à rupture du câble 10 est supérieure ou égale à 4000 N, de préférence à 5000 N et même à 6000 N.The breaking strength of the
Le câble 10 présente une force à la rupture 2,3 fois plus grande que le câble 100 tout en conservant ses propriétés d'allongement structural et donc son élasticité. Cette élasticité est, comme décrit ci-dessus, représentative de l'aération du câble qui favorise également la haute pénétrabilité du câble par le gomme.The
Ce test permet de déterminer la perméabilité longitudinale à l'air des câbles testés, par mesure du volume d'air traversant une éprouvette sous pression constante pendant un temps donné. Le principe d'un tel test, bien connu de l'homme du métier, est de démontrer l'efficacité du traitement d'un câble pour le rendre imperméable à l'air ; il a été décrit par exemple dans la norme ASTM D2692-98.This test makes it possible to determine the longitudinal permeability to the air of the cables tested, by measuring the volume of air passing through a specimen under constant pressure for a given time. The principle of such a test, well known to those skilled in the art, is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the treatment of a cable to make it impermeable to air; it has been described for example in ASTM D2692-98.
Le test est ici réalisé soit sur des câbles extraits des pneumatiques ou des nappes de caoutchouc qu'ils renforcent, donc déjà enrobés de l'extérieur par du caoutchouc à l'état cuit, soit sur des câbles bruts de fabrication.The test is here performed either on cables extracted from tires or rubber sheets that they reinforce, so already coated from the outside by the rubber in the fired state, or on raw cables manufacturing.
Dans le second cas, les câbles bruts doivent être préalablement enrobés de l'extérieur par une gomme dite d'enrobage. Pour cela, une série de 10 câbles disposés parallèlement (distance inter-câble : 20 mm) est placée entre deux couches ou "skims" (deux rectangles de 80 x 200 mm) d'une composition de caoutchouc diénique à l'état cru, chaque skim ayant une épaisseur de 3,5 mm ; le tout est alors bloqué dans un moule, chacun des câbles étant maintenu sous une tension suffisante (par exemple 2 daN) pour garantir sa rectitude lors de la mise en place dans le moule, à l'aide de modules de serrage ; puis on procède à la vulcanisation (cuisson) pendant 40 min à une température de 140°C et sous une pression de 15 bar (piston rectangulaire de 80 x 200 mm). Après quoi, on démoule l'ensemble et on découpe 10 éprouvettes de câbles ainsi enrobés, sous forme de parallélépipèdes de dimensions 7x7x20 mm, pour caractérisation.In the second case, the raw cables must be previously coated from the outside by a so-called coating gum. For this, a series of 10 cables arranged in parallel (inter-cable distance: 20 mm) is placed between two layers or "skims" (two rectangles of 80 x 200 mm) of a diene rubber composition in the green state, each skim having a thickness of 3.5 mm; the whole is then locked in a mold, each of the cables being kept under a sufficient tension (for example 2 daN) to ensure its straightness during the establishment in the mold, using clamping modules; then we proceed to the vulcanization (cooking) during 40 min at a temperature of 140 ° C and a pressure of 15 bar (rectangular piston 80 x 200 mm). After which, the assembly is demolded and cut 10 pieces of cables thus coated, in the form of parallelepipeds of dimensions 7x7x20 mm, for characterization.
On utilise comme gomme d'enrobage une composition de caoutchouc diénique conventionnelle pour pneumatique, à base de caoutchouc naturel (peptisé) et de noir de carbone N330 (65 pce), comportant en outre les additifs usuels suivants: soufre (7 pce), accélérateur sulfénamide (1 pce), ZnO (8 pce), acide stéarique (0,7 pce), antioxydant (1,5 pce), naphténate de cobalt (1,5 pce) (pce signifiant parties en poids pour cent parties d'élastomère); le module E10 de la gomme d'enrobage est de 10 MPa environ.A conventional rubber diene rubber composition based on natural rubber (peptized) and N330 carbon black (65 phr), comprising the following usual additives: sulfur (7 phr), accelerator, is used as a coating rubber. sulfenamide (1 phr), ZnO (8 phr), stearic acid (0.7 phr), antioxidant (1.5 phr), cobalt naphthenate (1.5 phr) (phr. parts per weight per hundred parts of elastomer ); the E10 module of the coating gum is approximately 10 MPa.
Le test est réalisé sur 2 cm de longueur de câble, enrobé donc par sa composition de caoutchouc (ou gomme d'enrobage) environnante à l'état cuit, de la manière suivante : on envoie de l'air à l'entrée du câble, sous une pression de 1 bar, et on mesure le volume d'air à la sortie, à l'aide d'un débitmètre (calibré par exemple de 0 à 500 cm3/min). Pendant la mesure, l'échantillon de câble est bloqué dans un joint étanche comprimé (par exemple un joint en mousse dense ou en caoutchouc) de telle manière que seule la quantité d'air traversant le câble d'une extrémité à l'autre, selon son axe longitudinal, est prise en compte par la mesure ; l'étanchéité du joint étanche lui-même est contrôlée préalablement à l'aide d'une éprouvette de caoutchouc pleine, c'est-à-dire sans câble.The test is carried out on 2 cm of cable length, thus coated by its surrounding rubber composition (or coating gum) in the fired state, as follows: air is sent to the cable inlet at a pressure of 1 bar, and the volume of air at the outlet is measured using a flow meter (calibrated for example from 0 to 500 cm3 / min). During the measurement, the cable sample is locked in a compressed seal (eg a dense foam or rubber seal) in such a way that only the amount of air passing through the cable from one end to the other, along its longitudinal axis, is taken into account by the measure; the tightness of the seal itself is checked beforehand with the aid of a solid rubber specimen, that is to say without cable.
Le débit d'air moyen mesuré (moyenne sur les 10 éprouvettes) est d'autant plus faible que l'imperméabilité longitudinale du câble est élevée. La mesure étant faite avec une précision de ± 0,2 cm3/min, les valeurs mesurées inférieures ou égales à 0,2 cm3/min sont considérées comme nulles ; elles correspondent à un câble qui peut être qualifié d'étanche (totalement étanche) à l'air selon son axe (i.e., dans sa direction longitudinale).The average air flow measured (average of the 10 specimens) is even lower than the longitudinal imperviousness of the cable is high. As the measurement is made with an accuracy of ± 0.2 cm3 / min, measured values less than or equal to 0.2 cm3 / min are considered as zero; they correspond to a cable which can be described as airtight (totally airtight) along its axis (i.e., in its longitudinal direction).
Le câble 10 a été soumis au test de perméabilité à l'air décrit ci-dessus, en mesurant le volume d'air (en cm3) traversant les câbles en 1 minute (moyenne de 10 mesures).The
Le débit moyen d'air mesuré du câble 10 est nul ce qui signifie que pour chaque éprouvette, le débit d'air mesuré est inférieure ou égale à 0,2 cm3/min.The measured average air flow of the
Le câble 10 présente donc une perméabilité à l'air très faible, puisque quasi nulle (débit moyen d'air nul) et par conséquent un taux de pénétration par le caoutchouc le plus élevé. Le câble 10 permet donc d'améliorer de manière notable la résistance à corrosion.The
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation précédemment décrits.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments previously described.
C'est ainsi par exemple que certains fils pourraient être à section non circulaire, par exemple déformé plastiquement, notamment à section sensiblement ovale ou polygonale, par exemple triangulaire, carrée ou encore rectangulaire.For example, certain wires could be of non-circular section, for example plastically deformed, in particular with a substantially oval or polygonal cross-section, for example triangular, square or rectangular.
Les fils, de section circulaire ou non, par exemple un fil ondulé, pourront être vrillés, tordus en forme d'hélice ou en zig-zag. Dans de tels cas, il faut bien sûr comprendre que le diamètre du fil représente le diamètre du cylindre de révolution imaginaire qui entoure le fil (diamètre d'encombrement), et non plus le diamètre (ou toute autre taille transversale, si sa section n'est pas circulaire) du fil d'âme lui-même.The son, of circular section or not, for example a corrugated wire, may be twisted, twisted helical or zig-zag. In such cases, it must of course be understood that the diameter of the wire represents the diameter of the cylinder of imaginary revolution which surrounds the wire (space diameter), and no longer the diameter (or any other transverse size, if its section is not circular) of the core wire itself.
Pour des raisons de faisabilité industrielle, de coût et de performance globale, on préfère mettre en oeuvre l'invention avec des fils linéaires, c'est-à-dire droit, et de section transversale conventionnelle circulaire.For reasons of industrial feasibility, cost and overall performance, it is preferred to implement the invention with linear son, that is to say right, and conventional circular cross section.
Claims (14)
- Method of manufacturing a two-layer multistrand metal cord (10), wherein:- N wires (F2) constituting an outer layer (16) of a strand (TI, TE) are wound in a helix around 2 wires (F1) constituting an inner layer (12) of the strand (TI, TE) so as to form the strand (TI, TE);- L>1 previously formed outer strands (TE) constituting an unsaturated outer layer (C2) of the cord (10) are wound in a helix around K>1 previously formed inner strands (TI) constituting an inner layer (C1) of the cord (10),- overtwisting of the wound cord (TI, TE) is carried out;- a step of balancing the overtwisted cord (10) is carried out so as to obtain zero residual torque in the cord (10), and- a step of untwisting the balanced overtwisted cord (10) is carried out.
- Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the K inner strands are wound in a helix.
- Method according to either of the preceding claims, wherein, in this order:- each inner and outer strand is formed;- the K previously formed inner strands are wound in a helix; and- the L previously formed outer strands are wound in a helix around the K inner strands previously wound in a helix.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer layer (16) of each strand (TI, TE) is unsaturated.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the force at break (Fm) of the cord (10) is greater than or equal to 4000 N, preferably greater than or equal to 5000 N and more preferably greater than or equal to 6000 N.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cord (10) has a structural elongation (As) greater than or equal to 1%, preferably greater than or equal to 1.5% and more preferably greater than or equal to 2%.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cord (10) has a total elongation at break (At) greater than or equal to 4.5%, preferably greater than or equal to 5% and more preferably greater than or equal to 5.5%.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein K=3 or K=4.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein L=8 or L=9.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein N=2, N=3 or N=4.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner layer (12) and outer layer (16) of each of the K inner strands (TI) are wound in the same direction of twisting.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner layer (12) and outer layer (16) of each of the L outer strands (TE) are wound in the same direction of twisting.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner layer (C1) and outer layer (C2) of the cord (10) are wound in the same direction of twisting.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein all of the wires (F1, F2) and the strands (TI, TE) are wound in the same direction of twisting.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1254837A FR2990962B1 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2012-05-25 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING TWO-LAYER MULTI-TONE METAL CABLE |
PCT/EP2013/060564 WO2013174896A1 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2013-05-23 | Method for producing a two-layer multi-strand metal cable |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2855763A1 EP2855763A1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
EP2855763B1 true EP2855763B1 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
Family
ID=48485179
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13724817.5A Not-in-force EP2855763B1 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2013-05-23 | Method for producing a two-layer multi-strand metal cable |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20150159325A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2855763B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6131514B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20150011840A (en) |
CN (1) | CN104350201B (en) |
FR (1) | FR2990962B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013174896A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR3020016B1 (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2016-04-01 | Michelin & Cie | PNEUMATIC FOR HEAVY INDUSTRIAL VEHICLE |
FR3020017B1 (en) | 2014-04-22 | 2017-06-09 | Michelin & Cie | PNEUMATIC VEHICLE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING |
FR3028873B1 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2016-12-23 | Michelin & Cie | FRACTIONAL INSTALLATION |
FR3028872B1 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2017-05-19 | Michelin & Cie | FRACTIONATION METHOD |
FR3032978B1 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2017-10-27 | Michelin & Cie | MULTITORON 1XN STRUCTURE CABLE FOR PNEUMATIC PROTECTION FRAME |
WO2016189074A1 (en) | 2015-05-26 | 2016-12-01 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Unit for producing an assembly |
FR3060617A1 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-22 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | MULTI-TORON CABLE WITH TWO LAYERS WITH IMPROVED PENETRABILITY |
FR3060616A1 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-22 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | MULTI-TORON CABLE WITH TWO LAYERS WITH IMPROVED PENETRABILITY |
EP3704299A1 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2020-09-09 | Compagnie Générale des Etablissements Michelin | Cable for a tire |
JP7330191B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2023-08-21 | コンパニー ゼネラール デ エタブリッスマン ミシュラン | Two-layer multi-strand cord with ultra-low, low, and medium modulus |
CN111601924B (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2022-03-15 | 米其林集团总公司 | Double-layer multi-strand cord with very low, low and medium modulus |
US11591750B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2023-02-28 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Two-layer multi-strand cables having very low, low and medium modulus |
JP7309715B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2023-07-18 | コンパニー ゼネラール デ エタブリッスマン ミシュラン | Two-layer multi-strand cord with ultra-low, low, and medium modulus |
CN111511983B (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2022-03-15 | 米其林集团总公司 | Double-layer multi-strand cord with very low, low and medium modulus |
FR3090495A3 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-26 | Michelin & Cie | Method for manufacturing a two-layer multi-strand cable |
FR3090496A3 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-26 | Michelin & Cie | Method for manufacturing a two-layer multi-strand cable |
BR112021010472A2 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2021-08-24 | Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. | Tire for vehicle wheels, and hybrid reinforcement cord |
FR3092343A1 (en) * | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-07 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | High energy breaking multi-strand 1xN cable |
WO2021094675A1 (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-20 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Two-layer multi-strand cable having a sheathed inner layer and improved penetrability |
FR3103500A1 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-28 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Two-layer multi-strand cable with improved surface fracture energy |
JP2023509076A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2023-03-06 | コンパニー ゼネラール デ エタブリッスマン ミシュラン | Single layer multi-strand cord with improved energy at break and improved total elongation |
FR3136789B1 (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-05-10 | Michelin & Cie | Multi-strand cable with two layers of multi-strands |
FR3136788B1 (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-05-10 | Michelin & Cie | Multi-strand cable with two layers of multi-strands |
FR3136790B1 (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-05-10 | Michelin & Cie | Multi-strand cable with two layers of multi-strands |
FR3136791B1 (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-05-10 | Michelin & Cie | Multi-strand cable with two layers of multi-strands |
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JPS58191608A (en) * | 1982-04-30 | 1983-11-08 | Kanai Hiroyuki | Steel cord |
EP0627521B1 (en) * | 1993-04-20 | 1997-11-19 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Treatment of steel cord |
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US5843583A (en) | 1996-02-15 | 1998-12-01 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Cord with high non-structural elongation |
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FR2870264B1 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2006-07-14 | Michelin Soc Tech | METAL CABLE FOR TIRES |
JP4636597B2 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2011-02-23 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | Steel cords for reinforcing rubber articles and pneumatic tires |
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FR2925923B1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-12-18 | Michelin Soc Tech | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING A TWO-LAYER CABLE OF THE TYPE IN SITU GUM |
FR2934614B1 (en) * | 2008-08-01 | 2010-09-10 | Michelin Soc Tech | IN SITU GAS BED CABLE FOR PNEUMATIC CARCASE REINFORCEMENT. |
PL2414581T3 (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2014-11-28 | Bekaert Sa Nv | High elongation steel cord with preformed strands |
FR2947574B1 (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2012-11-09 | Michelin Soc Tech | CABLE MULTITORONS WHOSE ELEMENTARY TORONES ARE CABLES WITH TWO LAYERS GOMMES IN SITU. |
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2012
- 2012-05-25 FR FR1254837A patent/FR2990962B1/en active Active
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2013
- 2013-05-23 CN CN201380027130.8A patent/CN104350201B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-05-23 US US14/403,015 patent/US20150159325A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-05-23 WO PCT/EP2013/060564 patent/WO2013174896A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-05-23 EP EP13724817.5A patent/EP2855763B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-05-23 JP JP2015513171A patent/JP6131514B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-05-23 KR KR1020147035885A patent/KR20150011840A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2990962A1 (en) | 2013-11-29 |
US20150159325A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
JP6131514B2 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
EP2855763A1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
CN104350201A (en) | 2015-02-11 |
WO2013174896A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
CN104350201B (en) | 2017-02-22 |
JP2015520810A (en) | 2015-07-23 |
FR2990962B1 (en) | 2014-06-27 |
KR20150011840A (en) | 2015-02-02 |
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