EP2854479A1 - Four à micro-ondes doté d'une mise en circuit retardée de la haute tension - Google Patents

Four à micro-ondes doté d'une mise en circuit retardée de la haute tension Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2854479A1
EP2854479A1 EP14001469.7A EP14001469A EP2854479A1 EP 2854479 A1 EP2854479 A1 EP 2854479A1 EP 14001469 A EP14001469 A EP 14001469A EP 2854479 A1 EP2854479 A1 EP 2854479A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
cathode
microwave oven
high voltage
controller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14001469.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2854479B1 (fr
Inventor
Alfred Betschart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
V-Zug AG
Original Assignee
V-Zug AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by V-Zug AG filed Critical V-Zug AG
Priority to SI201430070A priority Critical patent/SI2854479T1/sl
Priority to PL14001469T priority patent/PL2854479T3/pl
Priority to EP14001469.7A priority patent/EP2854479B1/fr
Priority to DK14001469.7T priority patent/DK2854479T3/en
Publication of EP2854479A1 publication Critical patent/EP2854479A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2854479B1 publication Critical patent/EP2854479B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/66—Circuits
    • H05B6/68—Circuits for monitoring or control
    • H05B6/681—Circuits comprising an inverter, a boost transformer and a magnetron
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/66—Circuits
    • H05B6/666—Safety circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
    • H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B2206/043—Methods or circuits intended to extend the life of the magnetron

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave oven with a magnetron comprising a cathode, an anode and a cathode heater and with a drive circuit for the magnetron.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating such a microwave oven.
  • a microwave oven has a transformer with two secondary windings.
  • the one secondary winding is used to drive the cathode heater of the magnetron, while the other secondary winding is used to generate the high voltage between the cathode and anode. If such a device is activated, an AC voltage is applied to the primary side of the transformer. This causes the high voltage already applied before the cathode has reached operating temperature, resulting in a poorly controlled startup process. In particular, the voltage across the magnetron before ignition is greatly increased, so that the corresponding components must be dimensioned with excessively high dielectric strength.
  • a disadvantage of this solution is the additional time that is required for preheating and can delay the switch-on of the device.
  • the drive circuit of the magnetron in a conventional manner has a high voltage generator for generating the high voltage between the anode and the cathode, and a Schustromgenerator for generating the heating current for the cathode heater. Furthermore, a controller is provided which controls these components. The controller is designed in such a way that, to activate the device (i.e., to switch on the magnetron), the heating current generator is first activated. Only later (i.e., after activation of the heater current generator) is the high voltage generator activated. As a result, as described above, a defined switch-on process is achieved.
  • a measuring circuit which is designed to determine a parameter dependent on the electrical resistance of the cathode heating.
  • the controller is configured to set the switch-on time (ie the time of activation) of the high voltage generator in dependence on said parameter.
  • that's the time activating the high voltage generator is a function of the measured parameter and varies depending on how the parameter changes.
  • a parameter dependent on the electrical resistance of the cathode heating is measured, and depending on said parameter, the preheating time, i. the time at which the high voltage is applied between the cathode and the anode is determined.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the resistance of the cathode heating depends on the temperature of the cathode heating. By now measuring a parameter dependent on the resistance, it is thus possible to determine a measure of the cathode temperature. This allows the preheat duration to be selected dependent on the cathode temperature, which provides a basis for turning on the high voltage when a sufficient cathode temperature is reached. This makes it possible to reduce the preheating time when the initial cathode temperature is already relatively high. In addition, the switching on of the high voltage can take place at a well-defined cathode temperature, so that a precisely defined behavior and oscillation of the magnetron are made possible with very high probability.
  • a power regulator which is designed so that the of the cathode heating Recorded power can be controlled to a setpoint.
  • the control is designed in this case to regulate the heating power during the preheating phase to a predetermined, in particular fixed, first setpoint.
  • the heating power is reduced to a predetermined, in particular fixed, second (lower) setpoint value, since power is supplied to the cathode as a result of the operation of the magnetron. Therefore, without reducing the power of the cathode heater, the cathode temperature would continue to rise, affecting the life of the cathode heater.
  • the measured parameter is advantageously the current through the cathode heating, or the duration of the power-controlled heating pulses. These sizes are a good measure of the heating resistance.
  • the controller is configured to terminate the preheat phase when the rate of change of the parameter drops below a change threshold.
  • preheating is stopped and the high voltage is turned on when the temperature of the cathode is substantially unchanged.
  • high voltage is understood to mean a voltage which is required as anode-cathode voltage for operation of the magnetron. In practice, this voltage is in most cases at least 1 kV, usually several kilovolts.
  • a push-pull output stage is a series connection of two electronic components, which can be alternately switched continuously, so that at the center tap of the two components, a time-varying voltage.
  • a half-bridge circuit is a circuit with exactly one push-pull final stage.
  • a full-bridge circuit (H-circuit, H-bridge) is a circuit with two push-pull output stages connected in parallel, with the load between the center taps of the two push-pull final stages.
  • the invention relates to a microwave oven, as exemplified in Fig. 1 is shown.
  • the microwave oven has a cooking chamber 1 for receiving the food to be heated, which can be closed to the user by a user door 2.
  • a magnetron 3 is also arranged, which is connected via a Holleiter 4 with the cooking chamber 1 in combination.
  • a controller 5 controls the function of the device.
  • Fig. 2 shows the most important components of the controller 5 in the present context.
  • the mains voltage of e.g. 230 volts at 50 Hz is rectified in a rectifier 10.
  • the first intermediate voltage Uz thus produced is then slightly filtered via a first capacitor C1, the capacitor C1, however, being dimensioned so that, under load, the value of the first intermediate voltage Uz varies by at least 50% with twice the mains frequency.
  • the intermediate voltage Uz is also tapped via a diode D1 and further filtered via a second capacitor C2 to form a second intermediate voltage Uz '.
  • the first intermediate voltage Uz is supplied to a high voltage generator 11, with which, as described below, the high voltage for driving the magnetron 3 is generated.
  • the second intermediate voltage Uz ' is supplied to a heating current generator 12, with which, as described below, the heating current for the cathode heating of the magnetron 3 is generated.
  • control unit 13 e.g. in the form of a microprocessor, controlled.
  • An analog-to-digital converter of the control unit 13 is supplied via a voltage divider R5, R6 a proportional to the intermediate voltage Uz value so that it can determine the intermediate voltage Uz.
  • the high voltage generator 11 comprises a full bridge circuit with four electronic switching elements T3 - T6, in particular in the form of IGBT transistors, each with a freewheeling diode.
  • the switching elements T3 - T6 are arranged in a known manner in two branches T3 and T4 or T5 and T6, wherein the switching elements of each branch are respectively arranged in series between the first intermediate voltage Uz and ground. Between the switching elements of each branch, a center tap is provided in each case, wherein the two center taps are connected to the two terminals of the primary winding of a high-voltage transformer 14.
  • the high voltage transformer 14 has a secondary winding with a much higher number of turns than the primary winding for generating the high voltage.
  • the high voltage is rectified via two diodes D2 and D3, doubled and filtered by means of two capacitors C3 and C4.
  • the high voltage Uh thus generated is applied between the cathode K and the anode A of the magnetron 3.
  • a drive circuit 16 For driving the switching elements T3 - T6, a drive circuit 16 is provided, which is controlled by the control unit 13.
  • the drive circuit 16 generates the control voltages (gate or base voltages) UG3 - UG6 for the switching elements T3 - T6.
  • the control unit 13 is designed to switch the two branches of the full bridge circuit T3 - T6 alternately. The control is done so that during a switching cycle, the primary winding of high voltage transformer 14 is not permanently between the first intermediate voltage Uz and ground, but that the primary winding is decoupled during a time to be selected by the control unit 13 from the intermediate voltage Uz, ie the circuit is with Pulse width modulation clocked so that the value of the high voltage Uh can be controlled.
  • this can be divided by a voltage divider R10 - R13 and R14 and fed to an optocoupler 17 whose output signal is forwarded to the control unit 13. For example, a lack or non-ignition of the magnetron can be detected in this way.
  • a resistor R20 is provided between the two branches T3, T4 or T5, T6 and a fixed reference potential, in particular ground.
  • the initial increase in the voltage drop across this resistor at the beginning of a current pulse is a measure of the anode current of the magnetron 3 and is supplied via an amplifier 18 to the control unit 13 for measurement purposes.
  • the Walkerstromgenerator 12 is formed in the present embodiment of a half-bridge with two operated as push-pull final stage switching elements T1 and T2.
  • the switching elements T1 and T2 which in turn are e.g. can be configured as IGBT transistors and which are each equipped with a freewheeling diode, are arranged in series between the second intermediate voltage Uz 'and ground.
  • the center tap between the two switching elements T1, T2 is connected to one terminal of the primary winding of a heating transformer 15.
  • the second terminal of the primary winding of the heating transformer 15 is connected to the center tap of a capacitive voltage divider of two capacitors C5 and C6.
  • the two capacitors C5 and C6 are connected in series between the second intermediate voltage Uz 'and ground.
  • the diode D1 prevents current from being discharged from the capacitors C5, C6 when the high voltage generator 11 connected to the intermediate voltage Uz draws current.
  • the secondary winding of the heating transformer 15 is connected to the cathode heater, i. connected to the filament, the magnetron 3 and supplies them with electricity.
  • a drive circuit 20 For driving the switching elements T1 and T2, a drive circuit 20 is provided, which is controlled by the control unit 13.
  • the drive circuit 20 generates the control voltages (gate or base voltages) UG1, UG2 for the switching elements T1 and T2. The type of control will be described in detail below.
  • a resistor R21 is arranged, through which the current from the push-pull output stage T1, T2 through the heating transformer to ground (or. the reference potential).
  • the voltage drop across this resistor is a measure of the current flowing from the second intermediate voltage Uz 'through the primary coil of the high voltage transformer 15 to ground (or reference potential). It is tapped by an amplifier 21 and fed to an analog-to-digital converter of the control unit 13.
  • Fig. 3 describes how the control unit 13 controls the switching elements of the heating current generator 12.
  • the figure shows the course of the voltages UG1 and UG2, which are applied to the control inputs of the switching elements T1 and T2, as well as the course of the voltage Uih, which drops across the resistor R21.
  • the control unit 13 is designed to switch the two switching elements T1 and T2 cyclically alternately.
  • a typical cycle period Tz is advantageously in the range of 10 - 50 ⁇ s.
  • heating phases H1 and H2 The periods in which one of the switching elements T1 or T2 is turned on are referred to below as heating phases H1 and H2, respectively, and are shown in FIG FIG. 3 drawn, wherein in the heating phase H1, the first switching element T1 and H2 in the heating phase, the second switching element T2 is turned on. Between the heating phases H1 and H2 or H2 and H1 both switching elements T1, T2 are turned off.
  • the phases in which both switching elements T1 and T2 are turned off are referred to as resting phases R1 and R2 and are in Fig. 3 also marked.
  • the heating phases have a duration th, the rest periods a duration tr.
  • the time th can be selected identically for both switching elements T1 and T2 in a simple embodiment, as well tr.
  • an alternating current is generated in the primary winding of the heating transformer 15, which is supplied (except for losses in the components, in particular in the heating transformer 15) as heating power of the cathode heater of the magnetron 3.
  • the average magnitude of the heating power is a function of the duty cycle, i. of the quotient th / Tz.
  • the voltage drop Uih forms a parameter that depends on the resistance of the cathode heater of the magnetron 3. Assuming that no losses occur in the heating transformer 15, Uih towards the end of the heating pulse is inversely proportional to the resistance of the cathode heater.
  • resistor R21 together with amplifier 21 form a measuring circuit which is designed to determine a parameter dependent on the resistance of the cathode heating.
  • Fig. 3 is a time tm plotted, to which the controller 13 measures the voltage drop Uih.
  • This time tm is preferably just before the End tx of the respective heating phase H1 or H2, for example at most 1 ⁇ s before the end tx of the heating phase.
  • a measurement takes place in each heating phase.
  • the product P is at least approximately proportional to the power supplied to the cathode heater.
  • the value of the intermediate voltage Uz ' approximately the value of the intermediate voltage Uz can be used, as it is determined by the control unit via the voltage divider R5, R6.
  • Uz ' corresponds to the value of Uz except for the voltage drop across D1.
  • Uz ' is sometimes somewhat larger than Uz, the difference remains small if the components are dimensioned appropriately. If Uz 'is to be determined exactly, in addition or as an alternative to R5, R6, a second voltage divider may be provided, which supplies the second intermediate voltage Uz' to the measurement of the control unit 13.
  • P is averaged over a filter time which is at least half a clock period of the line voltage, i. at least 10 ms.
  • An adaptation of the pulse width th occurs only after the filter time has expired.
  • the control unit 13 forms a power regulator, with which the power absorbed by the cathode heater power can be controlled to a desired value.
  • the controller 13 starts a preheat first.
  • the switching elements T3 - T6 all remain switched off, so that no high voltage is applied to the magnetron 3.
  • the preheating phase is then followed by an operating phase in which the switching elements T3-T6 are alternately put into operation in order to apply the high voltage to the magnetron and to generate the desired microwave radiation.
  • the switching elements T1 and T2 are in the in Fig. 3 operated and described above, both in the preheating phase and (with slightly different operating parameters) in the subsequent operating phase.
  • the controller gives a first setpoint for the cathode heater power. This is e.g. at 80 - 120 watts (the value to be chosen depends of course on the size and power of the magnetron).
  • PTC thermistor i.e., a PTC resistor
  • the cathode After some time, the cathode reaches a temperature equilibrium. This time depends primarily on the initial temperature of the cathode. When the state of equilibrium is reached, the measured value Uih (tm) no longer changes. Thus, the control unit can Recognize equilibrium state that the rate of change of the measured parameter Uih (tm) falls below a change threshold. The smaller this threshold is chosen, the better the balance, but the longer the preheat phase lasts.
  • the threshold value can, for example, be specified as a percentage per 10 ms, ie a threshold value of x% / 10 ms is undershot if the measured parameter Uih (tm) does not change by more than x% over 10 ms.
  • the threshold value is less than 10% / 10 ms (ie 10% over the half-wave time of 10 ms).
  • control unit may regulate or limit the high voltage by monitoring the signal of the optocoupler 17, and / or may regulate or limit the current through the bridge circuit T3-T6 to ground by measuring the signal of the amplifier 18.
  • This regulation or limitation can be carried out independently of the control of the heating power.
  • the voltage drop Uih across R21 is used as a parameter depending on the resistance of the cathode heater.
  • the quotient Uih / Uz ' may be used as a parameter, since it is independent of variations of the second intermediate voltage Uz', or the value Uih may be e.g. are averaged over at least one half grid period to compensate for the corresponding periodic variations of Uz '.
  • any parameter may be used which depends on the resistance of the cathode heating, in particular the current through the cathode heating or (as in the above embodiment) the primary side current of the heating transformer 15.
  • the duration th of the heating phases can be used, since these due to above described regulation is also dependent on the heating resistor.
  • sequence control of the described method steps can be implemented as hardware and / or software in the control unit 13.
  • a control circuit for a microwave oven has a push-pull output stage T1, T2 for driving a heating transformer 1), with which the cathode heater of the magnetron 3 is operated.
  • a separate high-voltage transformer 14 is provided, which is fed by a bridge circuit T3 - T6.
  • the control unit 13 of the device is configured to pre-heat the cathode in a preheat phase prior to the high voltage being turned on. It measures the current through the push-pull output stage T1, T2 to ground and the power of the cathode heater by varying the width of the pulses generated by the push-pull output stage T1, T2. As soon as the current stops changing, the high voltage is switched on. On In this way, the duration of the preheating phase can be kept low.
EP14001469.7A 2014-04-24 2014-04-24 Four à micro-ondes doté d'une mise en circuit retardée de la haute tension Active EP2854479B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201430070A SI2854479T1 (sl) 2014-04-24 2014-04-24 Mikrovalovna pečica z zakasnjenim vklopom visoke napetosti
PL14001469T PL2854479T3 (pl) 2014-04-24 2014-04-24 Kuchenka mikrofalowa z opóźnionym włączeniem wysokiego napięcia
EP14001469.7A EP2854479B1 (fr) 2014-04-24 2014-04-24 Four à micro-ondes doté d'une mise en circuit retardée de la haute tension
DK14001469.7T DK2854479T3 (en) 2014-04-24 2014-04-24 Microwave with delayed high voltage connection

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14001469.7A EP2854479B1 (fr) 2014-04-24 2014-04-24 Four à micro-ondes doté d'une mise en circuit retardée de la haute tension

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2854479A1 true EP2854479A1 (fr) 2015-04-01
EP2854479B1 EP2854479B1 (fr) 2016-07-27

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14001469.7A Active EP2854479B1 (fr) 2014-04-24 2014-04-24 Four à micro-ondes doté d'une mise en circuit retardée de la haute tension

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2854479B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2854479T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2854479T3 (fr)
SI (1) SI2854479T1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2748316A (en) * 1952-12-02 1956-05-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Magnetron heater circuit
US4742442A (en) 1986-06-17 1988-05-03 Nilssen Ole K Controlled magnetron power supply including dual-mode inverter
US4825028A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-04-25 General Electric Company Magnetron with microprocessor power control

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2748316A (en) * 1952-12-02 1956-05-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Magnetron heater circuit
US4742442A (en) 1986-06-17 1988-05-03 Nilssen Ole K Controlled magnetron power supply including dual-mode inverter
US4825028A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-04-25 General Electric Company Magnetron with microprocessor power control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2854479B1 (fr) 2016-07-27
DK2854479T3 (en) 2016-11-21
SI2854479T1 (sl) 2016-11-30
PL2854479T3 (pl) 2017-01-31

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